| high-oxygen and high-carbon dioxide containing atmospheres inhibit growth of food associated moulds. | the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the growth of three foodborne fungi and high-oxygen modified atmosphere. | 2002 | 12390493 |
| antimicrobial activity of methyl cis-7-oxo deisopropyldehydroabietate on botrytis cinerea and lophodermium seditiosum: ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy. | to study the antifungal activity of methyl cis-7-oxo-deisopropyldehydroabietate (mcod) against phytopathogenic fungi, botrytis cinerea and lophodermium seditiousm. the effect of the compound was studied by transmission electron microscopy (tem) and the composition of sterols on both treated and untreated cultures was determined. | 2002 | 12392521 |
| infection of arabidopsis with a necrotrophic pathogen, botrytis cinerea, elicits various defense responses but does not induce systemic acquired resistance (sar). | botrytis cinerea is a non-specific necrotrophic pathogen that attacks more than 200 plant species. in contrast to biotrophs, the necrotrophs obtain their nutrients by first killing the host cells. many studies have shown that infection of plants by necrosis-causing pathogens induces a systemic acquired resistance (sar), which provides protection against successive infections by a range of pathogenic organisms. we analyzed the role of sar in b. cinerea infection of arabidopsis. we show that altho ... | 2002 | 11855728 |
| molluscicidal and antifungal activity of erigeron speciosus steam distillate. | the steam-distilled fraction of the aerial parts of erigeron speciosus (lindl) dc was tested for activity against strawberry plant pathogenic fungi botrytis cinerea pers ex fr, colletotrichum acutatum simmonds, c fragariae brooks, c gloeosporioides (penz) penz & sacc, and the intermediate host snail planobdella trivolvis that harbors the trematode, bolbophorus confusus, that infests and causes severe infections in pond-raised catfish in the mississippi delta region of the usa. bioautography on s ... | 2002 | 12400444 |
| volatile metabolites from microorganisms grown on humid building materials and synthetic media. | growth of different microorganisms is often related to dampness in buildings. both fungi and bacteria produce complicated mixtures of volatile organic compounds that include hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds etc. microbially produced substances are one possible explanation of odour problems and negative health effects in buildings affected by microbial growth. a mixture of five fungi, aspergillus versicolor, fusarium culmorum, penicillium chrysogenum, ulo ... | 2002 | 12400912 |
| map kinase signalling cascade in arabidopsis innate immunity. | there is remarkable conservation in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) by innate immune responses of plants, insects and mammals. we developed an arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell system based on the induction of early-defence gene transcription by flagellin, a highly conserved component of bacterial flagella that functions as a pamp in plants and mammals. here we identify a complete plant map kinase cascade (mekk1, mkk4/mkk5 and mpk3/mpk6) and wrky22/wrky29 transcrip ... | 2002 | 11875555 |
| highly informative nature of inter simple sequence repeat (issr) sequences amplified using tri- and tetra-nucleotide primers from dna of cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.). | inter simple sequence repeat (issr) sequences as molecular markers can lead to the detection of polymorphism and also be a new approach to the study of ssr distribution and frequency. in this study, issr amplification with nonanchored primer was performed in closely related cauliflower lines. fourty-four different amplified fragments were sequenced. sequences of pcr products are delimited by the expected motifs and number of repeats, which validates the issr nonanchored primer amplification tech ... | 2002 | 12416621 |
| resveratrol acts as a natural profungicide and induces self-intoxication by a specific laccase. | the grapevine (vitis) secondary metabolite resveratrol is considered a phytoalexin, which protects the plant from botrytis cinerea infection. laccase activity displayed by the fungus is assumed to detoxify resveratrol and to facilitate colonization of grape. we initiated a functional molecular genetic analysis of b. cinerea laccases by characterizing laccase genes and evaluating the phenotype of targeted gene replacement mutants. two different laccase genes from b. cinerea were characterized, bc ... | 2002 | 11929539 |
| identifying sources and mechanisms of resistance in crucifers for control of cabbage maggot (diptera: anthomyiidae). | the cabbage maggot, delia radicum (l.) is an important insect pest of eruciferous crops in upstate new york. this species causes considerable damage to seedlings and young plants by feeding on roots and stems, resulting in plant stand loss and yield loss. five crucifer accessions (brassica oleracea variety italica l.,'green comet'; b. oleracea l.,'rapid cycling' [crucifer genetics cooperative 3-1 ]; b. oleracea variety botrytis l., a standard cauliflower cultivar'amazing'; b. carinata l.; and si ... | 2001 | 11561856 |
| effect of some compounds on the decay of strawberry fruits caused by botrytis cinerea pers. | field experiments were conducted in the years 1997-2000 to determine the effect of various sprayings strawberry plants on the percentage of infected fruits caused by botrytis cinerea pers. the effect of garlic's extract at concentration 1%, water solution of microcrystalline chitosan (3% polymer content) at concentration 0.2% and iprodione (255 g active form in 1000 cm3 of water) was estimated. the experiment was conducted on cultivar senga-sengana. during the growing season strawberry plants we ... | 2001 | 12425042 |
| inactivation of conidia of botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructigena using uv-c and heat treatment. | the effect of uv-c (lambda = 254 nm) and heat treatment was investigated on the inactivation of conidia of botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructigena, two major postharvest spoilage fungi of strawberries and cherries, respectively. both fungi were grown at 21 degrees c in the dark and conidia were isolated after 1 week by washing the mycelium with a mild detergent solution. after filtration and resuspension in phosphate buffer to a titer of 10(5) to 10(6) cfu/ml, the conidia were subjected to dif ... | 2002 | 11930952 |
| airborne fungi in the city of porto alegre, rio grande do sul, brazil. | knowledge of anemophilous fungi in a given city or region is important for the ecological diagnosis and specific treatment of allergic manifestations induced by inhaled allergens. in order to diagnose the presence of anemophilous fungi, several qualitative and quantitative techniques are used depending on the study place. this study of fungal air spores was performed with a rotorod sampler(r), an equipment which samples the air through a plastic rod attached to an electric engine that makes it s ... | 2002 | 12436167 |
| detoxification of terpinolene by plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. | detoxification of an antifungal monoterpene terpinolene (1) by the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea afforded hydroxlyated metabolites 2,3-dihydro-3beta,6beta-dihydroxy-terpinolene (2) (39%) and 2,3-dihydro-1alpha,3alpha-dihydroxy-terpinolene (3) (20%), respectively. terpinolene showed good levels of antifungal activity while both the metabolites were inactive against another plant pathogenic fungus cladosporium herbarun. | 2002 | 12440725 |
| virus-induced silencing of ftsh gene in nicotiana benthmiana causes a striking bleached leaf phenotype. | a recombinant potato virus x (pvx) vector, ptxs.ftsh, harboring partial sequence of ftsh gene of nicotiana benthamiana was constructed to silence the expression of endogenous ftsh homologous gene in n. benthamiana. inoculation with in vitro runoff transcript of ptxs.ftsh to n. benthamiana plants allowed silencing of ftsh, causing striking bleaching of upper leaves reminiscent of var2 mutant phenotype of arabidopsis thaliana. ftsh-silenced plants exhibited no resistance against tobacco mosaic vir ... | 2002 | 12441644 |
| four new lactones from botrytis cinerea. | four new lactones (1-4) have been isolated from botrytis cinerea. their structures were elucidated by interpretation of spectral data, mainly (1)h and (13)c nmr, including two-dimensional analysis (homocosy, hmqc, and hmbc). the phytotoxic activities of these new natural products have been evaluated. compounds 1-3 were inactive, while 4 showed a phytotoxic effect when tested up to 250 ppm. | 2002 | 12444715 |
| presence of a vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase in botrytis cinerea. | the presence of a haloperoxidase in the mycelium of botrytis cinerea, extractable with buffer, is demonstrated. a low level of extracellular enzyme activity was also detected. the haloperoxidase from the fungus is a vanadium-dependent glycoprotein, with a ph optimum of about 5.5. native gel electrophoresis indicates that it is a high molecular mass protein. it appears to react with antibodies against haloperoxidase from caldariomyces fumago. enzyme activity is increased 3.5-fold and 15-fold by c ... | 2002 | 12445655 |
| a procedure for quantifying adhesion of conidia of botrytis cinerea to the skin of apple fruit. | ultrasonication was evaluated as a nonchemical means to quantitatively remove conidia of botrytis cinerea from the skin of golden delicious apple (malus domestica borkh.) fruit. a probe immersed in a suspension of conidia and generating 20 khz at 150 w for 30- or 60-s pulses destroyed 13.3% or 29% of conidia, respectively. destruction at 150 w for 10 s or at 30-120 w for up to 60 s was <2%. the procedure for quantifying adhesion of conidia to the skin of fruit consisted of pipetting a 50-microl ... | 2001 | 11575508 |
| a method for both mass and individual rearing of fungivorous astigmatid mites (acari). | several species of common fungi were assessed as food for fungivorous astigmatid mites. hypocrea nigricans, botrytis cinerea and flammulina velutipes were generally good food sources for most mites examined. fungal mycelia growing on pda (potato dextrose agar) medium were not only nutritionally adequate but the system also maintained high humidity through the water-based agar medium. among acarid mites, most species of rhizoglyphinae could be reared easily with the method. although filter-feedin ... | 2001 | 11697786 |
| pananotin, a potent antifungal protein from roots of the traditional chinese medicinal herb panax notoginseng. | the roots of the sanchi ginseng, panax notoginseng, were extracted with an aqueous buffer. the extract was chromatographed on a cm-cellulose column to remove extraneous unadsorbed proteins. the adsorbed fraction was dialyzed and chromatographed on affi-gel blue gel. the adsorbed fraction was again collected, dialyzed and applied on a column of mono s. the second peak was dialyzed and chromatographed on an fplc-gel filtration superdex 75 column. an antifungal protein with an n-terminal sequence s ... | 2002 | 12451495 |
| biodegradation of ochratoxin a by fungi isolated from grapes. | ochratoxin a is a mycotoxin present in several food products for which levels should be reduced. chemical, physical, and biological methods have been proposed for the detoxification of mycotoxins, biological methods being the more promising ones. in this report, filamentous fungi isolated from portuguese grapes were assessed for ochratoxin a degradation capabilities. it was observed that 51 of the 76 tested strains, predominantly aspergillus species, were able to degrade more than 80% of ochrato ... | 2002 | 12452682 |
| partitioning of monomethylmercury between freshwater algae and water. | phytoplankton-water monomethylmercury (mehg) partition constants (kpi) have been determined in the laboratory for two green algae selenastrum capricornutum and cosmarium botrytis, the blue-green algae schizothrix calcicola, and the diatom thallasiosira spp., algal species that are commonly found in natural surface waters. two methods were used to determine kpi, the freundlich isotherm method and the flow-through/dialysis bag method. both methods yielded kpi values of about 10(6.6) for s. caprico ... | 2001 | 11718342 |
| expression regulation of the endochitinase chit36 from trichoderma asperellum (t. harzianum t-203). | the presence of the endochitinase chit36 from trichoderma harzianum tm was assessed in several antagonistic trichoderma strains belonging to different molecular taxonomic groups. chit37 from t. harzianum cect 2413 was sequenced and found to display 89% homology with chit36 at the amino acid level. northern analysis showed that chit36y from t. asperellum is regulated both by glucose and nitrogen levels. stress conditions, colloidal chitin and n-acetyl-glucosamine are effective inducers of this ge ... | 2002 | 12478390 |
| transformations of testosterone and related steroids by botrytis cinerea. | botrytis cinerea (strain am235) was used to investigate the transformations of testosterone and related steroids. it was found that the position and stereochemistry of the introduced hydroxyl group, as well as the yield of products, depended on the structure of the substrate. botrytis cinerea converts the examined substrates mainly to 7 alpha-hydroxy derivatives. 1-dehydrotestosterone was also significantly hydroxylated at a 14 alpha-position. | 2003 | 12482450 |
| the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, a new sterol biosynthesis inhibitor fungicide efficient against the plant pathogenic fungus botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea). | fenhexamid, a recently developed botryticide, is shown here to inhibit sterol biosynthesis. when the fungus botryotinia fuckeliana was grown in the presence of fenhexamid, the ergosterol content was reduced, and three 3-keto compounds, 4 alpha-methylfecosterone, fecosterone and episterone, accumulated, suggesting an inhibition of the 3-keto reductase involved in c-4 demethylation. thus, fenhexamid belongs to a new, promising class of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors not previously used in agricult ... | 2001 | 11721524 |
| improving postharvest resistance in fruits by external application of trans-resveratrol. | as it is well-known, one of the main problems of modern agriculture is the postharvest fruit losses due to pathogen's attack and natural senescence during storage. well established solutions to improve this situation, such as, for example, storage under controlled conditions and the use of synthetic pesticides, are not free of problems due to human health risks and environmental effects caused by chemical pesticides. a new strategy to solve these problems consists of developing methods to improv ... | 2003 | 12502389 |
| naagp4 is an arabinogalactan protein whose expression is suppressed by wounding and fungal infection in nicotiana alata. | arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are proteoglycans secreted by plant cells that have been implicated in plant growth and development. most agps cloned to date possess highly labile glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) lipid anchors. these anchors transiently attach agps to the plasma membrane before they are released into the cell wall following gpi anchor hydrolysis. we have isolated and partially sequenced the protein core of an agp purified from styles of nicotiana alata. the protein sequence da ... | 2001 | 11732052 |
| isolation of unguilin, a cyclophilin-like protein with anti-mitogenic, antiviral, and antifungal activities, from black-eyed pea. | a protein designated unguilin was isolated from seeds of the black-eyed pea (vigna unguiculata). it possesses a molecular weight of 18 kda and an n-terminal sequence resembling that of cyclophilins and the cyclophilin-like antifungal protein from mung beans, and was adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-sepharose. unguilin exerted an antifungal effect toward fungi including coprinus comatus, mycosphaerella arachidicola, and botrytis cinerea. in addition, unguilin was capable of inhibiting human i ... | 2001 | 11732686 |
| trans-resveratrol and grape disease resistance. a dynamical study by high-resolution laser-based techniques. | two modern laser-based techniques were synchronously applied to study the dynamics of the trans-resveratrol activity in botrytis cinerea-infected grapes. direct analysis of trans-resveratrol in both infected and noninfected grapes (vitis vinifera, aledo variety) was performed by using an analytical technique incorporating laser desorption coupled with laser resonant ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. on the other hand, one of the most sensitive on-line methods for trace gas detecti ... | 2003 | 12529521 |
| isolation of a large thaumatin-like antifungal protein from seeds of the kweilin chestnut castanopsis chinensis. | a protein with an n-terminal sequence showing a much lesser extent of homology than french bean and kiwi fruit thaumatin-like proteins (tlps) to other tlps, and possessing a molecular mass of 30 kda which is considerably higher than those of previously reported tlps, has been purified from the seeds of the chestnut castanopsis chinensis hance. the protein was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose in 10 mm tris-hcl buffer (ph 7.3), and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel in the same buffer, on cm-cellulose in 1 ... | 2003 | 12565869 |
| natural fungicides from ruta graveolens l. leaves, including a new quinolone alkaloid. | bioassay-directed isolation of antifungal compounds from an ethyl acetate extract of ruta graveolens leaves yielded two furanocoumarins, one quinoline alkaloid, and four quinolone alkaloids, including a novel compound, 1-methyl-2-[6'-(3' ',4' '-methylenedioxyphenyl)hexyl]-4-quinolone. the (1)h and (13)c nmr assignments of the new compound are reported. antifungal activities of the isolated compounds, together with 7-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin, which are known to oc ... | 2003 | 12568545 |
| large-scale preparation of the phytoalexin elicitor glucohexatose and its application as a green pesticide. | large-scale preparation of the phytoalexin elicitor was achieved through a highly regio- and sterereoselective synthesis using 2,3,4,6-tetra-o-benzoyl-d-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (1), 1,2:5,6-di-o-isopropylidene-alpha-d-glucofuranose (2), and 6-o-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (3) as the synthons. coupling of 1 with 2 gave the 1-->3-linked disaccharide; subsequent selective removal of 5,6-o-isopropylidene to give 5 followed by selective 6-o-glyco ... | 2003 | 12568560 |
| msi-99, a magainin analogue, imparts enhanced disease resistance in transgenic tobacco and banana. | magainin is one of the earliest reported antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the african clawed frog xenopus laevis. a synthetic substitution analogue of magainin, msi-99, is employed in this study to impart disease resistance in transgenic tobacco ( nicotiana tabacuml.) and banana [( musaspp. cv. rasthali (aab)]. this peptide inhibited the growth and spore germination of fusarium oxysporumf.sp. cubenseat 16 micro g/ml. msi-99 has been subcloned into plant expression vectors ... | 2003 | 12569400 |
| the minisatellite msb1, in the fungus botrytis cinerea, probably mutates by slippage. | a minisatellite was identified in the intron of the atp synthase of the filamentous fungus botrytis cinerea, and it was named msb1. this is the second fungal minisatellite described to date. its 37-bp repeat unit is at-rich, and it is found at only one locus in the genome. the introns of 47 isolates of botrytis species were sequenced. the number of tandem repeats varied only from 5 to 11, but there were many repeat variants. the structure of msb1 is peculiar: the variants are in the same physica ... | 1998 | 12572616 |
| allergen detection from 11 fungal species before and after germination. | allergens dispersed by airborne fungal spores play an important but poorly understood role in the underlying cause and exacerbation of asthma. previous studies suggest that spores of alternaria and aspergillus release greater quantities of allergen after germination than before germination. it is unknown whether this is true of other allergenic fungi. | 2003 | 12589346 |
| rapid detection of lytic antimicrobial activity against yeast and filamentous fungi. | a rapid method for assessing the lytic activity of antimicrobial agents against yeast and fungi has been developed. the assay is based on the release of the intracellular enzyme, maltase (alpha-glucosidase). the released maltase activity was measured colorimetrically by the production of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (pnpg). the lytic activity of different antimicrobial compounds was measured against yeast cells or germinating spores of filamentous fungi. lytic anti-ye ... | 2002 | 11777578 |
| control of post-harvest decay of apples by pre-harvest and post-harvest application of ammonium molybdate. | ammonium molybdate was tested as a potential fungicide for use in apples (cv golden delicious) against blue and grey mould, important post-harvest diseases of pome fruits. in tests in vivo at 20 degrees c, ammonium molybdate (15 mm) reduced lesion diameters of penicillium expansum, botrytis cinerea and rhizopus stolonifer by 84%, 88% and 100% respectively. when apples treated with ammonium molybdate were stored at 1 degree c for three months, a significant reduction in severity and incidence of ... | 2001 | 11802595 |
| infection of leaves of arabidopsis thaliana by botrytis cinerea: changes in ascorbic acid, free radicals and lipid peroxidation products. | infection of leaves of arabidopsis thaliana with conidial suspensions of the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea resulted in a large decrease in the level of ascorbic acid and increases in intensity of a single-peak free radical and fe(iii) (g=4.27) signals in electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra. these changes were not confined to the spreading lesions or associated areas of chlorosis, but extended to other apparently healthy tissues in the infected leaves. they are, therefore, cons ... | 2002 | 11807124 |
| control of penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea on apples and pears with the combination of candida sake and pantoea agglomerans. | the effectiveness of candida sake (cpa-1) in combination with pantoea agglomerans (cpa-2) for controlling penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea on pears and apples was determined. the concentrations tested were 2 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(7) cfu/ml for c. sake and 2 x 10(7) and 8 x 10(7) cfu/ml for p. agglomerans. at room temperature, the two antagonists were combined in proportions of 0 to 100% in 25% increments. at the proportion of 50:50, no rot development was observed in pears, and the greates ... | 2002 | 11808791 |
| metschnikowia fructicola, a new ascosporic yeast with potential for biocontrol of postharvest fruit rots. | a new ascosporic yeast, metschnikowia fructicola (type strain nrrl y-27328, cbs 8853), is described and was isolated from grapes grown in central israel. preliminary tests indicate the new species has biocontrol activity against botrytis rot of stored grapes. phylogenetic analysis of domain d1/d2 26s rdna sequences showed m. fructicola to be a sister species of m. pulcherrima. | 2001 | 11822675 |
| interplay of the arabidopsis nonhost resistance gene nho1 with bacterial virulence. | it is poorly understood why a particular plant species is resistant to the vast majority of potential pathogens that infect other plant species, a phenomenon referred to as "nonhost" resistance. here, we show that arabidopsis nho1, encoding a glycerol kinase, is required for resistance to and induced by pseudomonas syringae isolates from bean and tobacco. nho1 is also required for resistance to the fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea, indicating that nho1 is not limited to bacterial resistance. str ... | 2003 | 12626746 |
| isolation of vulgin, a new antifungal polypeptide with mitogenic activity from the pinto bean. | an antifungal polypeptide bearing an n-termnial sequence with some homology to chitinases was purified from an extract of pinto beans. the polypeptide, designated vulgin, exerted antifungal activity toward mycosphaerella arachidicola, coprinus cornatus, fusarium oxysporum and botrytis cinerea. vulgin inhibited translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an ic50 of 4.3 microm and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase activity with an ic50 of 58 microm. vulgin stimulated in vitro incorporation o ... | 2003 | 12630696 |
| purification of a plant nucleotide pyrophosphatase as a protein that interferes with nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase assays. | an activity that inhibited both glutamine synthetase (gs) and nitrate reductase (nr) was highly purified from cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis) extracts. the final preparation contained an acyl-coa oxidase and a second protein of the plant nucleotide pyrophosphatase family. this preparation hydrolysed nadh, atp and fad to generate amp and was inhibited by fluoride, cu2+, zn2+ and ni2+. the purified fraction had no effect on the activity of nr when reduced methylviologen was used as e ... | 2003 | 12631294 |
| yeast diversity and persistence in botrytis-affected wine fermentations. | culture-dependent and -independent methods were used to examine the yeast diversity present in botrytis-affected ("botrytized") wine fermentations carried out at high ( approximately 30 degrees c) and ambient ( approximately 20 degrees c) temperatures. fermentations at both temperatures possessed similar populations of saccharomyces, hanseniaspora, pichia, metschnikowia, kluyveromyces, and candida species. however, higher populations of non-saccharomyces yeasts persisted in ambient-temperature f ... | 2002 | 12324335 |
| isolation and properties of floral defensins from ornamental tobacco and petunia. | the flowers of the solanaceous plants ornamental tobacco (nicotiana alata) and petunia (petunia hybrida) produce high levels of defensins during the early stages of development. in contrast to the well-described seed defensins, these floral defensins are produced as precursors with c-terminal prodomains of 27 to 33 amino acids in addition to a typical secretion signal peptide and central defensin domain of 47 or 49 amino acids. defensins isolated from n. alata and petunia flowers lack the c-term ... | 2003 | 12644678 |
| purification and characterization of two isozymes of polygalacturonase from botrytis cinerea. effect of calcium ions on polygalacturonase activity. | the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea produces a set of polygalacturonases (pgs) which are involved in the enzymatic degradation of pectin during plant tissue infection. two polygalacturonases secreted by b. cinerea in seven-day-old liquid culture were purified to apparent homogeneity by chromatography. pg i was an exopolygalacturonase of molecular weight 65 kda and pi 8.0 and pg ii was an endopolygalacturonase of 52 kda and pi 7.8. enzymatic activity of pg i and pg ii was partially inhibi ... | 2002 | 12398287 |
| ethylene production by botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomatoes. | a laser-based ethylene detector was used for on-line monitoring of ethylene released by the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomato fruit. ethylene data were combined with the results of a cytological analysis of germination of b. cinerea conidia and hyphal growth. we found that aminoethoxyvinylglycine and aminooxyacetic acid, which are competitive inhibitors of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid pathway, did not inhibit the ethylene emission by b. cinerea and that ... | 2002 | 12406723 |
| c-terminal domain of a hevein-like protein from wasabia japonica has potent antimicrobial activity. | an antimicrobial protein, designated wjamp-1, was purified from leaves of wasabia japonica l. wjamp-1 showed antimicrobial activity against both fungi and bacteria. the deduced amino acid sequence of cdna of wjamp-1 showed 60% and 70% identity with a hevein from hevea brasiliansis and a hevein-like protein from arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. however, matured wjamp-1 lacked the hevein domain and may correspond to the c-terminal domain of hevein. southern blot analysis showed that one or two ... | 2003 | 12668776 |
| valorization of cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) by-products as a source of antioxidant phenolics. | the present study reports the development of two extraction protocols, with potential industrial applicability, to valorize cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) byproducts as a source of antioxidant phenolics. in addition, the nonionic polystyrene resin amberlite xad-2 was used to obtain purified extracts. the extract yield, phenolic content, phenolic yield, and correlation between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic content were studied. the water and ethanol protocols yield a ... | 2003 | 12670153 |
| a homodimeric sporamin-type trypsin inhibitor with antiproliferative, hiv reverse transcriptase-inhibitory and antifungal activities from wampee (clausena lansium) seeds. | a homodimeric trypsin inhibitor with a molecular mass of 54 kda was isolated from the seeds of clausena lansium (lour) skeels with a very simple procedure comprising extraction with an aqueous buffer and ion exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose. it inhibited trypsin with an ic50 of 2.2 nm but was without any inhibitory effect on chymotrypsin and proteinase k. the uptake of mtt by human leukemia hl60 and hepatoma hep g2 cells was inhibited with an ic50 of 100 microm. translation in the cell-fr ... | 2003 | 12675522 |
| induction of systemic resistance to botrytis cinerea in tomato by pseudomonas aeruginosa 7nsk2: role of salicylic acid, pyochelin, and pyocyanin. | the rhizobacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa 7nsk2 produces secondary metabolites such as pyochelin (pch), its precursor salicylic acid (sa), and the phenazine compound pyocyanin. both 7nsk2 and mutant kmpch (pch-negative, sa-positive) induced resistance to botrytis cinerea in wild-type but not in transgenic nahg tomato. sa-negative mutants of both strains lost the capacity to induce resistance. on tomato roots, kmpch produced sa and induced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, while this was not ... | 2002 | 12423020 |
| non-conventional methods for the control of post-harvest pear diseases. | pears are highly perishable products, especially during the post-harvest phase, when considerable losses can occur. among the fungal diseases, blue mold caused by penicillium expansum, grey mould caused by botrytis cinerea, mucor rot caused by mucor piriformis are common on pear fruits. other (weak) pathogens like phialophora malorum, alternaria spp., and cladosporium herbarum tend to infect wounds and senescent fruits. a post-harvest fungicide treatment can reduce decay but effectiveness decrea ... | 2003 | 12694440 |
| fungal abc transporters and microbial interactions in natural environments. | in natural environments, microorganisms are exposed to a wide variety of antibiotic compounds produced by competing organisms. target organisms have evolved various mechanisms of natural resistance to these metabolites. in this study, the role of atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters in interactions between the plant-pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea and antibiotic-producing pseudomonas bacteria was investigated in detail. we discovered that 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, phenazine-1-carboxylic ... | 2002 | 12423022 |
| growth and sporulation of some pathogenic fungi in the presence of grapefruit extract. | development of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cyclaminis, f. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, botrytis cinerea and b. elliptica in the presence of grapefruit extract (ge) was evaluated. amendment of potato-dextrose agar with 40 micrograms of ge/cm3 inhibited linear growth of tested species at least in 50%. addition of 40 micrograms of ge/cm3 of medium inhibited spore germination of f. oxysporum f.sp. cyclaminis about 34% whereas germ tube growth was suppressed in 87%. in case of botrytis species, b. cinerea ... | 2002 | 12701438 |
| ph modulation of zopfiellin antifungal activity to colletotrichum and botrytis. | zopfiellin, a novel cyclooctanoid natural product isolated from zopfiella curvata no. 37-3, was evaluated in a 96-well microtiter assay for fungicidal activity against botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum acutatum, colletotrichum fragariae, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and fusarium oxysporum. zopfiellin exhibited ph-dependent activity, with the most mycelial growth inhibition demonstrated at ph 5.0. mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies indicated that zopfiellin un ... | 2002 | 12428951 |
| biological control of grey mould (botrytis cinerea) with the antagonist ulocladium atrum. | the competitive saprophytic fungus ulocladium atrum was selected on the basis of its antagonistic potential for the control of grey mould caused by the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. field trials were carried out to asses the efficacy of u. atrum as a biocontrol agent against b. cinerea in grapevine. the results demonstrated that under moderate disease pressure u. atrum had the potential to control grey mould, whereas under high disease pressure the efficacy was not sufficient to substi ... | 2002 | 12701443 |
| role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in plant disease resistance. | membrane damage caused by the non-specific fungal toxin fusaric acid was less on pretreated than on control leaves when tobacco leaves were pretreated with anti-senescence plant hormones, such as kinetin, benzyladenine or the anti-ozonant n-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl)]ethyl-n'-phenylurea. similarly, the necrosis caused by mercuric chloride was reduced by the above anti-senescence agents. in addition, in in vitro tests, leaves from selected paraquat-tolerant tobacco plants were less sensitive to ... | 2003 | 12701708 |
| synergism between fungal enzymes and bacterial antibiotics may enhance biocontrol. | the interactions between biocontrol fungi and bacteria may play a key role in the natural process of biocontrol, although the molecular mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. synergism can occur when different agents are applied together, and cell wall degrading enzymes (cwdes) produced by fungi can increase the efficacy of bacteria. pseudomonas spp. produce membrane-disrupting lipodepsipeptides (ldps) syringotoxins (sp) and syringomycins (sr). sr are considered responsible for the antim ... | 2002 | 12448733 |
| germination and adhesion of fungal conidia on polycarbonate membranes and on apple fruit exposed to mycoactive acetate esters. | the adhesion and germination of conidia of nine fungal species were assessed on polycarbonate membranes or on the skin of apple fruit in sealed glass bottles injected or not injected with acetate esters. adhesion was determined after dislodging conidia from surfaces using a sonication probe. adhesion and germination of conidia of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, penicillium citrinum, penicillium claviforme, or trichoderma sp. on membranes after 48 h were not increase ... | 2003 | 12718401 |
| identification of a copper chaperone from tomato fruits infected with botrytis cinerea by differential display. | differential display was used to isolate tomato genes responding to fungal infection. here we describe the isolation and characterization of a gene that is down-regulated in tomato fruits infected with the phytopathogen botrytis cinerea. the cdna identified encodes a protein that shares sequence similarity to the amino terminal region of cch, a copper chaperone from arabidopsis thaliana, that participates in intracellular copper homeostasis by delivering cu to the secretory pathway. the fact tha ... | 2003 | 12727232 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of 1-(alpha-tert-butylcinnamoyl)imidazoles. | several 1-(alpha-tert-butylcinnamoyl)imidazoles were prepared to examine their fungicidal activity. the (z)-4-chlorocinnamoyl derivative was prepared from (anti)-2-tert-butyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid by treating with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and a subsequent beta-elimination reaction at an elevated temperature. the (z)-isomer of the 4-chlorocinnamoyl derivative showed good fungicidal activity against erysiphe graminis and botrytis cinerea in pot tests, whereas the corresponding ... | 2002 | 12450142 |
| spatio-temporal expression of patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolases and accumulation of jasmonates in elicitor-treated tobacco leaves are not affected by endogenous levels of salicylic acid. | we have previously isolated three tobacco genes (ntpat) encoding patatin-like proteins, getting rapidly induced during the hypersensitive response (hr) to tobacco mosaic virus, in advance to jasmonate accumulation. ntpat enzymes are lipid acyl hydrolases that display high phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity and may mobilize fatty acid precursors of oxylipins. here, we performed a detailed study of ntpat gene regulation under various biotic and abiotic stresses. pla2 activity was poorly induced in r ... | 2002 | 12472690 |
| disruption of botrytis cinerea pectin methylesterase gene bcpme1 reduces virulence on several host plants. | the pectinolytic enzyme pectin methylesterase (pme) hydrolyses pectin in methanol and polygalacturonic acid. in the expressed sequence tag library of botrytis cinerea t4, we identified a 1,041 bp bcpme1 cdna potentially encoding a 346-amino acid protein of 37 kda showing 46.8% identity with aspergillus sp. pmes. bcpme1 is a single copy gene and is similarly expressed in glucose and pectin containing media. to evaluate the role of bcpme1 in botrytis cinerea virulence, a mutant in bcpme1 was gener ... | 2003 | 12744465 |
| nonspecific lipid-transfer protein genes expression in grape (vitis sp.) cells in response to fungal elicitor treatments. | nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) are small, basic cystein-rich proteins believed to be involved in plant defense mechanisms. three cdnas coding nsltps from grape (vitis vinifera sp.) were cloned by reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and pcr. the expression of nsltp genes was investigated in 41b-rootstock grape cell suspension, in response to various defense-related signal molecules. ergosterol (a fungi-specific sterol) and a proteinaceous elicitor purified from ... | 2003 | 12744517 |
| photosynthetic responses of lemna minor exposed to xenobiotics, copper, and their combinations. | the effects on the photosynthetic process of copper and pesticides, used in vineyards, and their combinations, were investigated by measuring different chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in lemna minor. cu and flumioxazin had a severe impact on duckweed since a decrease in their photosynthetic capacity was detected after 24h of exposure to 200 and 1 microg.l(-1), respectively. however, fungicides used to control botrytis cinerea (procymidone, pyrimethanil, and fludioxonil) seem to have no marke ... | 2002 | 12485590 |
| tandemly duplicated arabidopsis genes that encode polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins are regulated coordinately by different signal transduction pathways in response to fungal infection. | polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) are plant proteins that counteract fungal polygalacturonases, which are important virulence factors. like many other plant defense proteins, pgips are encoded by gene families, but the roles of individual genes in these families are poorly understood. here, we show that in arabidopsis, two tandemly duplicated pgip genes are upregulated coordinately in response to botrytis cinerea infection, but through separate signal transduction pathways. atpgip2 e ... | 2003 | 12509524 |
| hplc-dad-ms/ms esi characterization of unusual highly glycosylated acylated flavonoids from cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) agroindustrial byproducts. | in a recent program to investigate the possible use of vegetable handling and commercialization wastes and residues as a source of potentially bioactive extracts, we have studied cauliflower byproducts. a total of twenty-eight compounds were characterized by hplc-dad-ms, of these, twenty-two are produced naturally by the plant. the main compounds found were kaempferol 3-diglucoside-7-glucoside and its combinations with different hydroxycinnamic acids. moreover, some flavonoids with an unusual hi ... | 2003 | 12797762 |
| metabolism of cymoxanil and analogs in strains of the fungus botrytis cinerea using high-performance liquid chromatography and ion-pair high-performance thin-layer chromatography. | the metabolism of cyano-oxime fungicide 1-(2-cyano-2-methoxyiminoacetyl)-3-ethylurea (cymoxanil) and analogs was studied on several strains of the fungus botrytis cinerea owing to their difference in sensitivity towards cymoxanil. chromatographic analysis of the unextracted culture medium was simpler and more accurate, particularly for ionizable metabolites because it avoids problems associated with extraction. reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to compare the decr ... | 2002 | 11936693 |
| fabin, a novel calcyon-like and glucanase-like protein with mitogenic, antifungal and translation-inhibitory activities from broad beans. | a protein with an n-terminal sequence displaying similarities to n-terminal sequences of human calcyon and barley endo-1,4-glucanase, and to c-terminal sequences of human translation initiation factor 4 gamma and yeast superkiller viralicidic activity, was isolated from the broad bean vicia faba. the protein, termed fabin, has a molecular mass of 34 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. antifungal activity of the protein was observed against several fungal species including rhizoctonia ... | 2003 | 12817478 |
| n-linked glycosylation of native and recombinant cauliflower xyloglucan endotransglycosylase 16a. | the gene encoding a xet (xyloglucan endotransglycosylase) from cauliflower ( brassica oleracea var. botrytis ) florets has been cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis indicated a high degree of similarity to other xet enzymes belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (gh16). in addition to the conserved gh16 catalytic sequence motif eidfe, there exists one potential n-linked glycosylation site, which is also highly conserved in xet enzymes from this family. purification of the corresponding pro ... | 2003 | 12826015 |
| antifungal activity of brassica oleracea var. botrytis fresh aqueous juice. | the antifungal activity of fresh, aqueous brassica oleracea var. botrytis juice against candida albicans and other pathogenic fungi was investigated. the juice was found to be effective both in inhibiting the growth of blastoconidia and reducing the appearance of c. albicans germ tubes. furthermore, the juice inhibited the growth of some pathogenic, filamentous fungi. | 2003 | 12837360 |
| melanin in the extracellular matrix of germlings of botrytis cinerea. | previous work on the composition of the extracellular matrix of germlings of the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea demonstrated the presence of carbohydrate, protein, and simple lipids; which, together, comprised 50-60% of the dry weight. here we show that most of the remaining mass of the extracellular matrix consists of a chemically inert dark pigment with the electron paramagnetic resonance characteristics of a melanin. scanning electron micrographs of the purified pigment, and transmi ... | 2003 | 12842141 |
| ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling affect the npr1-independent expression of defense genes without impacting resistance to pseudomonas syringae and peronospora parasitica in the arabidopsis ssi1 mutant. | salicylic acid (sa), ethylene, and jasmonic acid (ja) are important signaling molecules in plant defense to biotic stress. an intricate signaling network involving sa, ethylene, and ja fine tunes plant defense responses. sa-dependent defense responses in arabidopsis thaliana are mediated through npr1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. we have previously shown that activation of an npr1-independent defense mechanism confers enhanced disease resistance and constitutive expression of the pathog ... | 2003 | 12848424 |
| antimycotic activities of selected plant flora, growing wild in lebanon, against phytopathogenic fungi. | petroleum ether (pe) and methanolic extracts of nine wild plant species were tested in vitro for their antimycotic activity against eight phytopathogenic fungi. the efficacy of pe extracts against all pathogens tested was higher than that of methanolic extracts. wild marjoram (origanum syriacum) pe extract showed the highest and widest range of activity. it resulted in complete inhibition of mycelial growth of six of eight fungi tested and also gave nearly complete inhibition of spore germinatio ... | 2002 | 12009988 |
| scarabaecin, a novel cysteine-containing antifungal peptide from the rhinoceros beetle, oryctes rhinoceros. | a novel antifungal peptide, scarabaecin (4080da), was isolated from the coconut rhinoceros beetle, oryctes rhinoceros. scarabaecin cdna was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) using a primer based on the n-terminal amino acid sequence. the amino acid sequence deduced from scarabaecin cdna showed no significant similarity to those of reported proteins. chemically synthesized scarabaecin indicated antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as pyricularia ... | 2003 | 12859949 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of lipophylic n- and o-acyl derivatives of beta-hydroxy dl-alpha-amino acids. | synthesis of n- and o-acyl derivatives of dl-serine and threo-dl-phenylserine was accomplished by a regioselective acylation of the corresponding amino acid. the residues introduced into amino acid structure contain hydrophobic long chain or aromatic, namely lauroyl, myristoyl and phenylacetyl moieties. the fungicidal activity against six strains of fungi was studied. several compounds were found to be effective against growth of fungi, and o-myristoyl-dl-serine 2 and n-phenylacetyl-threo-dl-phe ... | 2003 | 12872931 |
| constitutive expression of ethylene-response-factor1 in arabidopsis confers resistance to several necrotrophic fungi. | infection of a plant by a pathogen induces a variety of defense responses that imply the action of several signaling molecules, including salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja) and ethylene (e). here we describe the role of ethylene-response-factor1 (erf1) as a regulator of ethylene responses after pathogen attack in arabidopsis. the erf1 transcript is induced on infection by botrytis cinerea, and overexpression of erf1 in arabidopsis is sufficient to confer resistance to necrotrophic fungi suc ... | 2002 | 12060224 |
| antifungal stilbenoids from stemona collinsae. | fifteen new stilbenoids including 11 phenylbenzofurans, the stemofurans a-k (1-11), and four dihydrostilbenes, the stilbostemins a (15), c (17), e (19), and f (20), were isolated and identified from a methanolic extract of stemona collinsae roots together with five known derivatives, the stilbenes pinosylvin (13) and 4'-methylpinosylvin (14), the dihydrostilbenes, stilbostemins b (16) and d (18), and the dihydrophenanthrene racemosol (12) as well as (+)-sesamin, coniferyl alcohol, and stigmaster ... | 2002 | 12088422 |
| production of lytic enzymes by trichoderma spp. and their effect on the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. | the production of beta-1,3-glucanases and chitinases by three strains of trichoderma in submerged cultures was determined. the synthesis of enzymes was induced by cell wall biopolymers of phytopathogenic fungi (botrytis cinerea, fusarium culmorum and f. oxysporum). t. hamatum produced the highest beta-1,3-glucanase activity; the most effective inducer of enzyme synthesis was the biomass of f. oxysporum. all examined strains of trichoderma inhibited phytopathogen growth in biotic tests. the diffu ... | 2002 | 12094738 |
| elicitor-induced cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity in lignifying wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. | the substrate-specific induction of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv fenman) leaf cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad, ec 1.1.1.195) was examined in relation to its role in regulating the composition of defensive lignin induced at wound margins. treatment of wounds with a partially acetylated chitosan hydrolysate or spores of the nonpathogen botrytis cinerea elicited lignification at wound margins and invoked significant increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (ec 4.3.1.5), peroxidase (ec 1.11.1. ... | 1994 | 12232105 |
| cicerarin, a novel antifungal peptide from the green chickpea. | a peptide designated cicerarin, with an n-terminal amino acid sequence vkstgradddlavktkylpp dissimilar from known proteins and peptides and a molecular mass of 8kda, was isolated from seeds of the green chickpea cicer arietinum cv green chickpea. cicerarin was isolated with a procedure that involved ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on superdex 75. cicerarin was unadsorbed on deae- ... | 2003 | 12895650 |
| immunopurification and immunocharacterization of the glucosinolate biosynthetic enzyme thiohydroximate s-glucosyltransferase. | preparing homogeneous udp-glucose:thiohydroximate s-glucosyltransferase (s-gt), the penultimate biosynthetic enzyme of glucosinolates, by standard chromatographic methods has yielded too little protein for adequate purity evaluation, identity verification, and structural analysis. the low yields were apparently due to low abundance in source tissues, aggravated by enzyme instability. here we describe an immunological method for purification of workable quantities from florets of brassica olerace ... | 1994 | 12232212 |
| alocasin, an anti-fungal protein from rhizomes of the giant taro alocasia macrorrhiza. | an anti-fungal protein designated alocasin was isolated from the rhizomes of the giant taro alocasia macrorrhiza. the isolation protocol involved ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (deae)-cellulose, ion exchange chromatography on sulfopropyl (sp)-sepharose, and gel filtration on superdex 75. alocasin, which was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose and sp-sepharose, possessed the n-terminal sequence apegev, which exhibited some similarity to that of the miraculin-like anti-fungal protein fr ... | 2003 | 12651101 |
| chemical transformations on botryane skeleton. effect on the cytotoxic activity. | eighteen compounds with a botryane skeleton have been obtained through chemical transformations of various toxins from the fungus botrytis cinerea. during the course of these transformations, the c-10 carbon of the botryane skeleton was found to exhibit an interesting high regioselectivity to oxidizing and reducing agents. in addition, the cytotoxicity of 27 botryane derivatives was determined in vitro against hs578t, mda-mb-231, ht-1080, u87-mg, imr-90, and huvec cell lines. the results of this ... | 2003 | 12662090 |
| purification and characterization of chitinase from streptomyces sp. m-20. | chitinase (ec 3.2.1.14) was isolated from the culture filtrate of streptomyces sp. m-20 and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration. no exochitinase activity was found in the culture filtrate. the molecular mass of the purified chitinase was 20 kda, estimated by a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and was confirmed by activity staining with calcofluor white m2r. chitinase was optimally acti ... | 2003 | 12689517 |
| the sa-dependent defense pathway is active against different pathogens in tomato and tobacco. | the importance of salicylic acid (sa) in plant defense against pathogen attack has been elaborately documented. benzothiadiazole (bth, bion), a chemical analogue of sa, also induces resistance through the sa-dependent pathway. we investigated the role of sa in both basal defense and induced resistance of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) against oidium neolycopersici (a biotrophic pathogen) and botrytis cinerea (a necrotrophic pathogen). a comparison of nahg transg ... | 2002 | 12701417 |
| disruption of botrytis cinerea class i chitin synthase gene bcchs1 results in cell wall weakening and reduced virulence. | to get a better insight into the relationship between cell wall integrity and pathogenicity of the fungus botrytis cinerea, we have constructed chitin synthase mutants. a 620 bp class i chitin synthase gene fragment (bcchs1) obtained by pcr amplification was used to disrupt the corresponding gene in the genome. disruption of bcchs1 occurred at a frequency of 8%. nine independent mutants were obtained and the bcchs1 mutant phenotype compared to that of transformants in which the gene was not disr ... | 2003 | 12948512 |
| ee-cbp, a hevein-type antimicrobial peptide from bark of the spindle tree (euonymus europaeus l.). | ee-cbp, a hevein-type antimicrobial peptide was isolated from the bark of the spindle tree (euonymus europaeus l.). this 4992.5 da protein exhibited a very strong antifungal activity against five different fytopathogenic fungi that were tested. concentrations required to inhibit the growth of botrytis cinerea in agar diffusion assays and microtiterplate assays were 5 micrograms/ml and 1 microgram/ml, respectively. comparative tests further indicated that ee-cbp is a more potent antifungal protei ... | 2002 | 12701440 |
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| [inactivation with antibiotics of toxin produced by botrytis cinerea]. | | 1953 | 13083525 |
| combined hormone-fungicide sprays for control of botrytis fruit-rot in glasshouse tomatoes. | | 1953 | 13087230 |
| [contribution to the study of the biological value of calcium; broccoli leaves-brassica oleracea, l. var.: botrytis asparagoides. i..]. | | 1953 | 13134734 |
| [biological value of calcium broccoli leaves: brassica oleracea, l. var.: botrytis asparagoides. ii..]. | | 1953 | 13134749 |
| [biological value of calcium: broccoli leaves, brassica oleracea, l. var.: botrytis asparagoides. iii]. | | 1953 | 13155997 |
| some effects of ultraviolet radiation on the pathogenicity of botrytis fabae, uromyces fabae and erysiphe graminis. | | 1957 | 13439161 |
| [oxidative conversion of amino acids during interaction of cabbage with fungus botrytis cinerea]. | | 1958 | 13572395 |
| ultrastructure of the collar of the choanoflagellate codonosiga botrytis (ehrenb.). | | 1961 | 13700095 |
| an electron-microscope study of germination of conidia of botrytis cinerea. | | 1963 | 14072834 |
| [on the mechanism of action of botrytis cinerea toxin on plant cells]. | | 1964 | 14262628 |
| [sclerotia of gray mould (botrytis cinerea persoon) on castor plant]. | | 1955 | 14387600 |
| orientation and locus of tropic photoreceptor molecules in spores of botrytis and osmunda. | study of the tropic responses of botrytis cinerea and osmunda cinnamomea spores to blue light shows the photoreceptor molecules to be highly dichroic and oriented: in botrytis their axes of maximum absorption lie perpendicular to the nearby cell surface; in osmunda, parallel. the chief evidence lies in a comparison of their responses to plane polarized light-both germinate parallel to the vibration planes (defined by the axis of vibration of the electric vector and the axis of light propagation) ... | 1962 | 14450869 |