| letter: cell-mediated hypersensitivity in rabbits infected with trypanosoma gambiense. | | 1973 | 4785469 |
| effects of bleomycin on kinetoplast dna and nuclear dna in trypanosoma gambiense using in situ microfluorometry technique. | the effect of bleomycin, an anti-tumour antibiotic, on either kinetoplast dna(k-dna) or nuclear dna(n-dna) in a single trypanosoma gambiense cell was measured successfully utilizing the in situ microfluorometry technique. this microfluorometric assay clearly revealed that the relative fluorescence intensity (rfi) of k-dna and n-dna was greatly reduced by bleomycin, suggesting the occurrence of the single strand breaks in these dnas. the present results have shown that bleomycin acts on n-dna str ... | 1984 | 6203264 |
| visceral complications of gambian trypanosomiasis in a nigerian. | | 1972 | 5048063 |
| neurochemical and activity changes in rats infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | the brains of rats infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense were analyzed for their content of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac), serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hiaa). in the caudate of infected rats, dopamine levels increased by 34% and 5-hiaa levels by 20%. dopac levels declined by 30% in the caudate, but this change was significant at only p less than 0.1. in the pons/medulla of infected rats the serotonin concentration dropped by 21% and the 5-hiaa concentratio ... | 1984 | 6208349 |
| cultivation in a semi-defined medium of animal infective forms of trypanosoma brucei, t. equiperdum, t. evansi, t. rhodesiense and t. gambiense. | a semi-defined medium for the cultivation of bloodstream forms of the african trypanosome brucei subgroup was developed. out of 14 different strains tested, 10 could be cultured including trypanosoma brucei, t. equiperdum, t. evansi, t. rhodesiense and t. gambiense. the presence of a reducing agent (2-mercaptoethanol or thioglycerol) was found to be essential for growth. the standard medium consisted of hepes buffered minimum essential medium with earle's salts supplemented with 0.2 mm 2-mercapt ... | 1985 | 4006919 |
| protective effect of zeolite absorbed trypanosoma gambiense inactive vaccines on mice. | inactive t. gambiense vaccines treated with strong absorbent natural zeolite and kept at 4 degrees c for 3 days were injected into mice. after 2 weeks, 75% of the white mice which had received single injection survived, 85% of double injections survived challenge with 100 parasites separated from t. gambiense-infected mouse blood. however, the survival rats of the inoculated mice challenged after 3 weeks were 55% (one injection) and 80% (two injections) respectively. the mice were challenged 2 w ... | 1980 | 6265389 |
| molecular basis of antigenic variation in african trypanosomes. | | 1986 | 3790118 |
| immunization of rabbits with zeolite absorbed trypanosoma gambiense inactive vaccine. | t. gambiense was treated with natural zeolite, a very powdery mineral material which has strong absorptive capacity from the cationic exchangeable properties, and kept at 4 degrees c for 3 days. rabbits injected with this inactivated vaccine were completely protected from a challenge inoculation of homologous viable parasites. collected immune sera by weekly intervals from the immunized animals were tested for their ability to agglutinate trypanosomes. serum antibodies were shown high titers 3 w ... | 1981 | 6277815 |
| conservation of a variant-specific surface antigen gene in different trypanosome species and sub-species. | in trypanosoma brucie brucie, t. b. rhodesiense, t. b. gambiense and t. evansi, the variant-specific antigen (vsa) genes are organized in families of related sequences, one of which is duplicated when expressed. some of these vsa sequences appear to be conserved in the different species and sub-species: restriction mapping of isotypic genes of antat 1.8 vsa (from t. b. brucei) reveals extensive homology in t. b. rhodesiense, t. b. gambiense and t. evansi, although the genetic surrounding differs ... | 1981 | 6278302 |
| structure and expression of a trypanosoma brucei gambiense variant specific antigen gene. | the expression-linked copy of the t. b. gambiense variant specific antigen gene litat 1.6 is transposed in a 20 kb dna region devoid of restriction sites, located near a chromosome end. this expression site is very similar to that of t. b. brucei variants 117, 118 (1) and antat 1.8. in the basic copy, the transposable element (te) is flanked by repetitive sequences; it includes the gene copy as well as a sequence of 0.9 to 2.1 kb (probably around 1.1 kb) long, upstream from the gene. probes deri ... | 1982 | 6285289 |
| epidemiological studies on the animal reservoir of gambiense sleeping sickness. part i. review of literature and description of the study areas. | a review of literature of the previous and recent evidence of potential animal reservoir hosts of gambiense sleeping sickness is given. a highly endemic sleeping sickness area in the ivory coast is described together with an area of recent low endemicity in southwestern upper volta. these areas were surveyed as part of a study on the significance of any potential animal reservoir of the disease. the results are described in detail in subsequent papers. | 1981 | 6285559 |
| epidemiological studies on the animal reservoir of gambiense sleeping sickness. part ii. parasitological and immunodiagnostic examination of the human population. | the prevalence of the disease was determined in the population (n = 3402) of a highly endemic sleeping sickness area in the ivory coast and an area of recent low endemicity in southwestern upper volta by using parasitological techniques supplemented by the determination of trypanosome specific antibodies and serum macroglobulins (igm). 62 cases of trypanosomiasis were diagnosed parasitologically in the sleeping sickness focus in the ivory coast. 30 trypanozoon stocks were established for their b ... | 1981 | 6285560 |
| [the epidemiology of human trypanosomiasis due to trypanosoma gambiense in a focus of the ivory coast. i. the distribution of the disease in the population (author's transl)]. | the authors have studied the distribution of trypanosomiasis in the population of the focus around vavoua in the ivory coast. because of numerous immigrants from upper volta who have settled in the area, the composition of the population differs from the general population of the ivory coast. the cases diagnosed from 1977 to 1979 were studied by village, ethnic group, sex and age. the study shows that the highest incidence of sleeping sickness occurs among men, in the age-groups from 10 to 30 ye ... | 1981 | 6285561 |
| epidemiological studies on the animal reservoir of gambiense sleeping sickness. part iii. characterization of trypanozoon stocks by isoenzymes and sensitivity to human serum. | polymorphism in 12 enzymes, as shown by electrophoresis on thin-layer starch-gel, was examined in 88 stocks of trypanosomes of the subgenus trypanozoon isolated from man and animals in the ivory coast and upper volta. three of the enzyme profiles seen in trypanosomes from man in the ivory coast were exactly the same as in trypanosomes from local domestic pigs and from various game animals and a bovine in the upper volta, thus confirming previous evidence that human trypanosomiasis is a zoonosis ... | 1982 | 6287687 |
| [cutaneous lesions in human african trypanosomiasis]. | we report the case histories of 12 patients infected by trypanosoma gambiense seen between 1967 and 1979. the course of the disease follows two stages, with the lymphatic and hematologic stage preceding invasion of the central nervous system. the following cutaneous lesions were recorded: 5 patients had trypanomas or chancres which are inflammatory nodules on uncovered areas; 5 patients showed trypanosomal skin rashes with erythematous, infiltrated, transient and recurring trypanids; 5 patients ... | 1982 | 6297013 |
| trypanosoma brucei gambiense: growth in vitro of bloodstream forms inhibited by dichlorodiammineplatinum (ii) compounds and hypolipidemic drugs. | infectious bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei gambiense were grown in microcultures of murine bone marrow cells in 96-well tissue culture plates. limiting dilution studies showed that fewer than 10 cultured trypanosomes developed into populations of about 5 x 10(4) parasites per well in a week. bloodstream parasites were reisolated with high efficiency from mice infected with cultured parasites; fewer than 10 bloodstream parasites successfully established a trypanosome population in a micro ... | 1985 | 4038488 |
| [strategy of sleeping sickness control in the peoples' republic of congo: research and perspectives]. | the authors review the different strategies applied nowadays in the popular republic of congo to eradicate sleeping sickness. they underline the problems encountered on the field as well as researches carried out to solve them. recent progress at both levels of screening and trapping opened interesting prospects. success of the congo in its fight against sleeping sickness depends now mainly on means made available to apply on a large scale these new methods. | 1986 | 3807757 |
| [antigenic variation of trypanosoma brucei with reference to the serodiagnosis of sleeping sickness]. | | 1983 | 6364615 |
| increased urinary excretion of aromatic amino acid catabolites by microtus montanus chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | microtus montanus infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense for 16 and 21 days excreted significantly greater quantities of several aromatic amino acid catabolites when compared to uninfected control animals. very large quantities of three aromatic alpha-keto acids (alpha-oxocarboxylic acids), phenylpyruvic acid, 4- hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and indole-3-pyruvic acid, were excreted by infected animals. increased excretion of indole-3-lactic acid and indole-3-acetic acid was also detected. gas c ... | 1984 | 6375946 |
| sulphydryl-dependent enzymes from african trypanosomes. | | 1985 | 3898094 |
| multiple alpha-keto aciduria in microtus montanus chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | microtus montanus chronically infected with a monomorphic strain of trypanosoma brucei gambiense excreted in urine greatly elevated quantities of not only the aromatic alpha-keto acids, phenylpyruvic and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acids, but also two aliphatic alpha-keto acids, pyruvic and alpha-ketoglutaric acids. elevated keto acid excretion began approximately midway through infection and quantities remained elevated until death. daily keto acid excretion did not correlate with daily parasitemia. ... | 1985 | 3902349 |
| [technics of detection and diagnosis of african trypanosomiasis in humans]. | the authors review the most recent and sophisticated laboratory techniques for screening and diagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis. immunological screening: indirect immunofluorescence, card agglutination test. parasitological diagnosis: hematocrit centrifuge technique, miniature anion exchange/centrifugation, cerebrospinal fluid centrifugation. for each of these techniques, the authors deal successively with principle and method, interest, possible applications. | 1984 | 6394949 |
| successful treatment of lethal protozoal infections with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine. | | 1984 | 6442954 |
| diagnosis of gambian trypanosomiasis in man by isolating trypanosomes from blood passed through deae-cellulose. | a method is described whereby small numbers of trypanosomes in blood can be concentrated free of blood cells on to a slide. infected blood is passed through a column of deae-cellulose, which adsorbs the blood cells, and the organisms are separated from the eluate by centrifugation. by this technique trypanosomes were detected in 24% of 41 nigerian patients with suspected gambian trypanosomiasis, but whose cervical lymph glands were not infected; of these, only 5% were positive in thick blood fil ... | 1971 | 5316849 |
| reduced levels of glycogen and glucose-6-phosphatase in livers of guinea pigs infected with trypanosoma gambiense. | | 1970 | 5421435 |
| improvements in the miniature anion exchange centrifugation technique for detecting trypanosomes in domestic pigs. | | 1984 | 6485066 |
| [cardiovascular symptoms in african trypanosomiasis caused by trypanosoma gambiense]. | | 1967 | 5621460 |
| electron microscopic observations on division of kinetoplasts in trypanosoma gambiense. | | 1969 | 5810843 |
| [heart involvement in african trypanosomiasis due to trypanosoma gambiense. apropos of especially the ecg verifications in 60 patients]. | | 1965 | 5860644 |
| [campaign against sleeping sickness due to trypanosoma brucei gambiense]. | | 1983 | 6601542 |
| colonization of trypanosoma brucei gambiense within transplanted ehrlich's tumors of microtus montanus. | trypanosoma brucei gambiense has been observed growing in extravascular sites throughout a solid ehrlich ascites tumor (eat) in microtus montanus. these trypanosomes appear in clusters in the tumor. the possible importance of this observation to the host-parasite relationship is discussed. | 1980 | 6104421 |
| selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. viii. african trypanosomiasis. | african trypanosomiasis in humans is caused by trypanosomes, parasitic protozoa that inhabit the blood and tissue spaces. humans are infected by the bite of the tsetse (glossina species), which itself acquires the parasites from human or animal hosts. the vector and the disease are confined to sub-saharan africa where the disease occurs in endemic foci from which epidemics arise. two forms of african trypanosomiasis in humans are recognized and both are fatal if left untreated. control strategy ... | 1983 | 6635428 |
| trypanosoma brucei gambiense: cerebral immunopathology in mice. | ninety outbred white adult female mice were infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense (gums 2, alias lump 1237) originating from a zairian patient and known to produce a low parasitaemia in rodents. the development of cerebral trypanosomiasis was independent upon the number of parasites inoculated per mouse. trypanosomes appeared in the circulating blood about four months after infection, when some mice started to show the first signs of paresis which subsequently led to cachexia. a clinical te ... | 1982 | 6128889 |
| effect of nitrobenzylthioinosinate on the toxicity of tubercidin and ethidium against trypanosoma gambiense. | the coadministration of tubercidin and ethidium to mice infected with trypanosoma gambiense gave a better parasite clearance than either of the single drugs. the combination was also more toxic to the mice but the inclusion of nitrobenzylthioinosinate in the therapy significantly alleviated the toxicity of the drug combination. nitrobenzylthioinosinate per se had no trypanocidal activity and did not affect the trypanocidal action of the drugs. the biochemical basis for the nitrobenzylthioinosina ... | 1982 | 6128890 |
| [erythrocytemia and splenomegaly in an experimental trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection in the mouse]. | in accordance with observations reported in the litterature concerning experimental african trypanosomiasis, highly significant correlations were found between any pair of the following parameters: duration of infection, parasitaemia, spleen volume, number of erythrocytes, or between the sharp decrease of the number of erythrocytes and the combines effect of the increase of all other parameters. in subacute t. gambiense infections in mice, it was statistically demonstrated that, in the absence o ... | 1984 | 6721373 |
| [clinical trial of nifurtimox in human african trypanosomiasis]. | | 1984 | 6732304 |
| growth of trypanosoma brucei gambiense, t. b. rhodesiense, and t. congolense in bone marrow cultures of genetically anemic sl/sld mice. | | 1984 | 6737165 |
| antigenic variation in trypanosomes: a computer analysis of variant order. | african trypanosomes can undergo antigenic variation and evade the host immune response. whether the antigenic variants arise in an ordered sequence or randomly has been in dispute but has not been statistically tested. the coefficient of concordance (w), a statistic designed to detect similarities between sequences of objects, was applied to the literature data. the tendency towards a reproducible order of variants was strong, although in several of the studies the number of experimental animal ... | 1980 | 6768048 |
| characterization of trypanozoon stocks by isoelectric focusing and isoenzyme analysis. | isoelectric focusing on ultrathin polyacrylamide foils, coupled with isoenzymatic analysis using five different enzymes, was used to characterize blood-forms of t.b. brucei, t.b. rhodesiense and t.b. gambiense and procyclic forms of t.b. brucei and t.b. rhodesiense. the protein concentrations in the lysates were quantified. qualitative as well as quantitative differences were found. | 1983 | 6134449 |
| the six diseases who. human trypanosomiasis in africa. | | 1981 | 6794806 |
| purine metabolism in trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | | 1982 | 6800408 |
| purine metabolism in the bloodstream forms of trypanosoma gambiense and trypanosoma rhodesiense. | bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei gambiense and trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense are incapable of de novo purine synthesis. purine bases are converted directly to ribonucleotides and with the exception of guanine, are stable. guanine is incorporated directly into ribonucleotides and also deaminated to xanthine. purine ribonucleosides are hydrolyzed rapidly; these reactions may limit their incorporation since purine bases label the nucleotide pools more efficiently than do ribonucleosides. th ... | 1982 | 6817814 |
| immunological control of chronic trypanosoma brucei gambiense in outbred rodents. | recent human isolates of trypanosoma brucei gambiense generally fail to become or remain patent in laboratory rodents. the purpose of this study was to determine if this was due to acquired immunity and if so which immunosuppressive method was the most efficient in raising parasitemia levels. prior to infection, rats and mice were immunosuppressed by treatments with cobra venom factor, anti-lymphocyte sera, hydrocortisone acetate, cyclophosphamide; by splenectomy; or by lethal x-irradiation. whi ... | 1984 | 6152115 |
| quantitation of genetic differences between trypanosoma brucei gambiense, rhodesiense and brucei by restriction enzyme analysis of kinetoplast dna. | we have compared a total of 44 recognition sites for 12 restriction endonucleases on the 20 kilobase pair maxi-circle of kinetoplast dna from nine trypanosoma brucei stocks, four which are known to be infective to man (tow 'gambiense' and two 'rhodesiense' variants). in addition to five polymorphic sites, these dnas differ in the size of a 5 kilo-base pair region which is cleaved only by one of the restriction enzymes tested and which varies in size over 1.5 kilo-base pairs. our analysis shows t ... | 1981 | 6166860 |
| primary murine bone marrow cultures support continuous growth of infectious human trypanosomes. | the human parasite trypanosoma brucei gambiense grew continuously at 37 degrees c in primary cultures of murine bone marrow. cultured parasites remained virulent for mice. rapid parasite growth coincided with the appearance of adherent adipocyte-epitheloid cell aggregates that also promoted hematopoiesis. this culture system should permit studies of host cell control of trypanosome proliferation, pathogenic effects of trypanosomes on blood cell development, and the relative trypanocidal and marr ... | 1983 | 6836284 |
| comparative analysis of a trypanosoma brucei gambiense antigen gene family and its potential use in epidemiology of sleeping sickness. | | 1983 | 6843593 |
| analysis of the dna and rna changes associated with the expression of isotypic variant-specific antigens of trypanosomes. | using specific (32p) labelled cdna probes, we compared the mrnas and the genomic dna sequences coding for the synthesis of two pairs of serologically related variant-specific antigens (vsas) of trypanosomes: antat 1.1 and antat 1.1b, both from the strain 1125 of t.b.brucei and antat 1.8 and litat 1.6 from t.b.brucei and t.b. gambiense, respectively. within each pair, large similarities were observed in the coding sequence, except in the 3' region which appears to be highly variable. however, a l ... | 1981 | 6170934 |
| serological cross-reactions among trypanosome variable antigen isotypes of the subgenus trypanozoon. | | 1982 | 6179482 |
| biochemistry of the variant surface glycoproteins of salivarian trypanosomes. | | 1982 | 6187189 |
| reverse transcription of trypanosome variable antigen mrnas initiated by a specific oligonucleotide primer. | african trypanosomes change their antigenicity by successively expressing different members of a group of related but highly diverse proteins, the variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs). we describe a synthetic oligonucleotide that can prime specifically reverse transcription of vsg mrna out of total trypanosome poly(a)+ rna. the specificity of this priming was verified by cdna sequence analysis of the transcription products and by the demonstration of variant-specific hybridization of the individ ... | 1983 | 6188156 |
| effects of african trypanosomiasis on brain levels of dopamine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and homovanillic acid in the rabbit. | serotonin (5-ht) levels fell by 21% in the mid-brain-thalamus-hypothalamus (mth) region of the rabbit brain after chronic infection with the protozoan trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 5-ht did not decrease significantly in the caudate/putamen (cp) or the pons/medulla (pm) region. 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hiaa) levels were unchanged in the mth and caudate/putamen (cp) but increased by 17% in the pons/medulla (pm) after infection. dopamine (da) levels rose by 19% and homovanillic acid (hva) by 3 ... | 1984 | 6208325 |
| [evaluation of field diagnosis of trypanosomiasis caused by trypanosoma brucei gambiense]. | | 1981 | 7027982 |
| in situ microfluorometry of whole kinetoplast and nuclear dna in a single cell of trypanosoma gambiense and trypanosoma cruzi. | in situ microfluorometry of whole kinetoplast dna (k-dna) and nuclear dna (n-dna) from a single trypomastigote cell of trypanosoma gambiense (strain wellcome) and trypanosoma cruzi (strain tulahuen) was attempted by using the microfluorometer combined with a photon counter. the results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. the k-dna value of 2k 1n (2 kinetoplasts and 1 nucleus) t. gambiense was about twofold as much as that of 1k 1n on. 2. the n-dna value of 2k 1n t. gambiense was a little les ... | 1981 | 7032147 |
| [pseudo-tumoral human african trypanosomiasis due to trypanosoma gambiense. clinical and tomodensitometry study (author's transl)]. | the authors report an observation of african trypanosomiasis due to trypanosoma gambiense, clinical signs included massive and progressive hemiplegia, papillary edema and vascular shift from median line at arteriography. these pseudo tumoral clinical features are unusual in this disease. asymetrical heterogenous hypodensities of the centrum semioval are dominant in the initial ct scanner aspect. the confrontation of ct scanner images to the clinical and evolutive data suggests the presence of as ... | 1980 | 6256910 |
| phenylalanine metabolism in microtus montanus chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | 1. alterations in phenylalanine metabolism were observed in microtus montanus infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 2. reductions were found in the incorporation of phenylalanine into free amino acid pools and into proteins of the liver and other organs of infected animals. 3. increased quantities of phenylpyruvate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and pyruvate were found in the urine of infected microtus. 4. there appeared to be very limited conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in infected anim ... | 1982 | 7037281 |
| [immunization of the mouse against an heterologous strain by means of live virulent trypanosomas in the diffusion chamber]. | | 1971 | 5171395 |
| hematologic manifestations, diagnosis, and immunopathology of african trypanosomiasis. | | 1982 | 7041266 |
| hepatic microsomal alterations during chronic trypanosomiasis in the field vole, microtus montanus. | the field vole, microtus montanus, was used as a model system to evaluate the chronic effects of infection by trypanosoma brucei gambiense on hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity. at day 28 post inoculation there was a 97% increase in liver wet weight per g body weight. a portion of the increase (21%) was accounted for by tissue edema which occurred after day 14 of infection. total hepatic cytochrome p-450 content and related total tissue mixed-function oxidase activities were decreased to ab ... | 1982 | 7050701 |
| trypanosoma gambiense: immunosuppression and polyclonal b-cell activation in mice. | the relationship between the suppression of antibody response and polyclonal b-cell activation was studied in mice treated with a cell homogenate of trypanosoma gambiense. the cell homogenate injection in mice caused a progressive increase in splenic background plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocyte. in the mice with markedly increased background plaque-forming cell response, the different reactivity in the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes was observed between the intra ... | 1984 | 6332743 |
| the ecology of antigenic variation. | a detailed molecular analysis using recombinant dna technologies is extremely important to our understanding of the phenomena of antigenic variation in the african trypanosomes; however, by itself, it may not completely explain antigenic variation as it occurs in vivo. several laboratories have demonstrated the ability of one variant population to replace another in vivo as well as the presence of heterogeneous populations of trypanosomes within an individual animal. these two phenomena do not p ... | 1984 | 6376789 |
| evaluation of immunoassays for diagnosis and management of sleeping sickness in liberia. | nineteen parasitologically confirmed liberian sleeping sickness patients were observed for up to 40 months. efficacy of suramin therapy was indicated by decrease of serum and csf immunoglobulins as well as by decreasing igg and igm serum antibody levels as determined by elisa and fluorescence antibody tests. the tendency of serum antibody concentrations to increase again during the second and third years after treatment could be explained in one patient only who experienced relapse or reinfectio ... | 1984 | 6388082 |
| [distribution of infection by t. brucei gambiense in a population of bandundu in the republic of zaire]. | | 1982 | 7168586 |
| immune complexes in gambian sleeping sickness. | | 1980 | 7210145 |
| [comparative studies of the desoxythymidylate synthesis in plasmodium chabaudi, trypanosoma gambiense and trypanosoma lewisi]. | | 1970 | 5275559 |
| [failures in the treatment of t. gambiense trypanosomiasis in the congo]. | the authors summarize the difficulties encountered in post-therapeutic follow-up of trypanosomiasis cases in the people's republic of congo. systematic controls provide evidence of recontamination and relapses. the geographical distribution of cases indicates the existence of resistance in one village in the niari district. among the hypotheses advanced, resistance induced by pentamidine seems to be discarded. | 1984 | 6482728 |
| enzyme variation in trypanosoma brucei spp. i. evidence for the sub-speciation of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | three groups of stocks of trypanosoma brucei ssp, defined by the criteria of host, human serum resistance and place of isolation as t. b. gambiense, t. b. brucei (nigeria) and t. b. brucei/rhodesiense (non-gambiense, uganda) were screened for electrophoretic variation at 20 enzyme loci. one enzyme (peptidase c) was found to differentiate all t. b. gambiense stocks from the other t. brucei stocks and, taken together with specific variants of 5 other enzymes, could be used to unambiguously define ... | 1984 | 6504561 |
| african trypanosomes. | | 1981 | 7259133 |
| the superiority of the miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique for detecting low grade trypanosome parasitaemias. | the efficiency was tested of the haematocrit centrifugation technique (hct) and the miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique (maect) for demonstrating trypanosomes in the blood of four antelopes experimentally infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense in liberia. during simultaneous daily application of both methods over a period of six months, parasitaemias were detected on 12 occasions by hct and on 73 occasions by maect during 473 examination days, thus indicating the superiority of ... | 1984 | 6506160 |
| adaptation of low virulence stocks of trypanosoma brucei gambiense to rat and mouse. | | 1981 | 7294922 |
| [methods for a more accurate control of the development of experimental trypanosomiasis caused by trypanosoma brucei gambiense in mice]. | | 1981 | 7294923 |
| light and electron microscope studies on extravascular trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the brain of chronically infected rodents. | | 1981 | 7294924 |
| [importance of familial contamination in trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis]. | referring to the sociological structure of the family in the bateke ethnic group which most of the inhabitants of kwamouth (bandundu region, zaïre) are descendants, the author defines the concept to family contamination in trypanosomiasis induced by trypanosoma brucei gambiense. the calculated incidence in the selected population according to the different types of family and vicinity contamination was found to be at least five times higher than the incidence obtained for the global population. ... | 1981 | 7296731 |
| transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies of the micronemata of trypanosoma gambiense. | the structure of micronemata arising from the surface of the bloodstream form of trypanosoma gambiense was studied by electron microscopy. in order to produce micronemata, trypanosomes were incubated in either 1) phosphate buffered saline supplemented with glucose (pbsg), 2) immune mouse serum or 3) pbsg after passage through a deae-cellulose column. electron microscopic examination of the parasite revealed the presence of thread-like micronemata arising from the anterior end and from the flagel ... | 1981 | 7310742 |
| [complications observed in the treatment of trypanosomiasis in the congo]. | the authors present the results obtained in the treatment of 453 sleeping sickness (t. gambiense) patients in the people's republic of the congo. they give the following conclusions: the mortality rate reaches 2,75% in the group of patients treated by melarsoprol and is nil in the group treated with pentamidin. the encephalitis rate is 2,1 per 100 series of melarsoprol. the treatment of encephalopathies with adrenaline according to the protocol of sina gives very good results and should be gener ... | 1984 | 6521632 |
| the use of culture-derived metacyclic trypanosomes in studies on the serological relationships of stocks of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | metacyclic trypanosomes of five stocks of trypanosoma brucei gambiense were produced in vitro in tsetse head-salivary gland explant cultures and used to infect rabbits. sera were collected from the rabbits and monitored by agglutination tests for antibody production to nine serotype antigens of t. b. gambiense. in the case of a nigerian stock of t. b. gambiense the sequences of antibody production were found to be similar in animals infected with the stock transmitted by tsetse flies and from cu ... | 1981 | 7324132 |
| the sheep as a potential reservoir of human trypanosomiasis in the republic of the congo. | the identical electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns of a human-plasma-resistant trypanozoon stock from a sheep and of two other stocks from trypanosomiasis patients in the congo republic indicated that the sheep stock was probably infective to man. these, and one further human stock from the congo, closely resembled stocks isolated from man in liberia and ivory coast. | 1983 | 6623598 |
| chronic gambian trypanosomiasis. | | 1980 | 7367945 |
| effect of storage in ice on pathogenicity of salivarian trypanosomes. | | 1980 | 7437543 |
| isolation of human serum resistant trypanozoon from cattle in nigeria. | four trypanosome stocks of the subgenus trypanozoon were isolated from a herd of cattle in the jos plateau of nigerian during a study on the epizootiology of trypanosomiasis. one of the stocks was repeatedly highly resistant to normal human serum (blood incubation infectivity test), indicating potential human infectivity. these observations suggest that the domestic cattle might act as reservoir hosts for the causative agent of human trypanosomiasis. | 1983 | 6636302 |
| biological action of inosine analogs in leishmania and trypanosoma spp. | previous investigations have suggested that inosine analogs would be good models for the development of chemotherapeutic agents active against pathogenic hemoflagellates. we have systematically modified the five-membered heterocyclic ring of six inosine analogs and tested them for their antiprotozoal activities and toxicity to a mammalian cell line. all six analogs were very active against the three protozoan pathogens leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi, and trypanosoma gambiense. two of the ... | 1984 | 6712205 |
| [african sleeping sickness in the netherlands]. | of the four most dangerous protozoal infections acquired in (sub)tropical regions, falciparum malaria, amoebic abscess of the liver, visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar) and african trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) only the fourth was up to now unreported in the dutch medical literature. two case histories are presented: a cameroonian woman, resident in the netherlands for two years, suffering from west african type sleeping sickness, and a dutch tourist who acquired east african trypanosomiasi ... | 1995 | 7477570 |
| identification of haptoglobin as a natural inhibitor of trypanocidal activity in human serum. | trypanosomes are protozoan parasites of medical and veterinary importance. trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and trypanosoma brucei gambiense infect humans, causing african sleeping sickness. however, trypanosoma brucei brucei can only infect animals, causing the disease nagana in cattle. man is protected from this subspecies of trypanosomes by a toxic subtype of high density lipoproteins (hdls) called the trypanosome lytic factor (tlf). the toxic molecule in tlf is believed to be the haptoglobin-r ... | 1995 | 7479764 |
| immune depression and macroglobulinemia in experimental subchronic trypanosomiasis. | the effects of subchronic trypanosomiasis upon immune responses were examined in trypanosoma gambiense infection and in subcurative treatment of t. brucei- and t- equiperdum-infected mice. about 60% of the mice infected with t. gambiense developed a subchronic infection similar to human trypanosomiasis, characterized by the absence of circulating trypanosomes. the animals died between 1 and 12 months after infection with elevated serum immunoglobulin m (igm) levels (16 times the normal level). a ... | 1981 | 6788708 |
| evaluation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) as a haemolytic agent for the detection of microfilariae and trypanosomes in the blood of cattle. | | 1995 | 7487203 |
| [horizon 2000: what are the perspectives for african trypanosomiasis?]. | | 1994 | 7496188 |
| [acute trypanosoma brucei gambiense meningoencephalitis detected by papillary edema]. | a 26 year old woman, living in brazzaville, was referred by her ophthalmologist about papillo-oedema. neurological examination showed frontal syndrome and papillo-oedema without another sign of intracranial hypertension. electroencephalogram revealed bilateral delta waves and bifrontal points. significant inflammatory syndrome was noted. cerebrospinal fluid examination showed trypanosomes with an elevated rate of protein and cells. treatment by tetracosactide and eflornithine gave a good recover ... | 1994 | 7496191 |
| identification of trypanosomes in animals, humans and glossina. | a number of biochemical methods are now available for the identification of african trypanosomes. the method of choice depends on the number of trypanosomes present in the sample and the taxonomic level required. dna probes based on repetitive dna elements allow identification to subgeneric (e.g. trypanozoon), species (e.g. trypanosoma congolense, t. simiae) or subspecific (e.g. t. congolense savannah) levels. these probes are particularly useful for identification of trypanosomes in the fly mid ... | 1994 | 7496192 |
| [defense mechanisms in trypanosomiasis]. | quantitative and functional alterations in macrophages are observed in trypanosomiasis. two molecules from macrophages exert potent anti-microbial effect: nitric oxide (no) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha). the role of no in trypanosomiasis is investigated at first on a murine parasite. trypanosoma musculi, at first and then on trypanosoma brucei gambiense and t. brucei brucei. macrophages from t. musculi-infected mice synthesize no and their trypanostatic activity is correlated with ... | 1994 | 7496195 |
| experimental infection with two stocks of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. study of the evolution by elution techniques of tissues. | | 1983 | 6825435 |
| trypanosoma brucei brucei and t. b. gambiense: stumpy bloodstream forms express more cb1 epitope in endosomes and lysosomes than slender forms. | cb1-glycoprotein is a component of flagellar pocket, endosome, and lysosome membranes of long, slender bloodstream forms of the trypanosoma brucei subgroup of african trypanosomes. we have used immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and cryoimmunoelectron microscopy to study cb1-glycoprotein expression as long, slender bloodstream forms of pleomorphic t. b. brucei and t. b. gambiense transform through intermediate stages into short, stumpy forms. intermediate and stumpy forms express more cb1-glyco ... | 1994 | 7532512 |
| studies of choroid plexus involvement in chronic infections of mice with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | | 1983 | 6825438 |
| 13c nuclear magnetic resonance studies of anaerobic glycolysis in trypanosoma brucei spp. | anaerobic glycolysis in trypanosoma brucei spp. has been studied by 13c nmr at 50 and 75.5 mhz. the uptake of [u-13c]glucose by cell suspensions of t. b. brucei was monitored by time-course spectroscopy, and while no anomeric specificity was found, the end-products of glycolysis were confirmed as glycerol and pyruvate together with alanine and dihydroxypropionate. the intermediacy of l-glycerol-3-phosphate was also ascertained. the incorporation of c-1 of [1-13c]glucose and of c-6 of [6-13c]gluc ... | 1983 | 6850078 |
| isolation of trypanosoma brucei gambiense from northern uganda: evaluation of the kit for in vitro isolation (kivi) in an epidemic focus. | 867 individuals from 3 sites near the town of adjumani in the east moyo region of north-west uganda were investigated clinically and serologically for evidence of current trypanosome infections. blood samples were taken from 94 persons with a positive card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (catt) and clinical suspects and inoculated into the kit for in vitro isolation of trypanosoma brucei gambiense (kivi). amongst this group, 30 parasitaemic individuals were identified by microhaematocrit ... | 1995 | 7570873 |
| isolation and characterization of species-specific dna probes from taenia solium and taenia saginata and their use in an egg detection assay. | cysticercosis results from ingestion of the eggs of the tapeworm taenia solium. reduction of the incidence of human and swine cysticercosis requires identification and treatment of individuals who carry the adult tapeworm. t. solium and taenia saginata eggs cannot be differentiated on the basis of morphology; thus, in order to improve existing methods for the diagnosis of taeniasis, we have developed highly sensitive, species-specific dna probes which differentiate t. solium and t. saginata. rec ... | 1995 | 7615742 |
| antibody responses induced by immunization of inbred mice susceptible and resistant to african trypanosomes. | we tested the ability of inbred mice that were either susceptible (strain a/j) or resistant (strain c57bl/6 and a/j x c57bl/6 hybrids) to african trypanosomes to produce specific antibodies to trypanosome antigens in the absence of living parasites. this experiment was carried out to eliminate the influence of trypanosome growth or metabolism on immune responsiveness. mice were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin or solubilized trypanosoma brucei gambiense, and serum antibodies were measure ... | 1983 | 6852924 |
| immune complexes in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid in african trypanosomiasis. correlation with polyclonal b cell activation and with intracerebral immunoglobulin synthesis. | the possible occurrence of immune complexes (ic) in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) has been studied in 36 patients with african trypanosomiasis (trypanosoma brucei gambiense). in serum, very high levels of ic were detectable by the (125)i-c1q-binding and by the conglutinin-binding assays with positive results in 94 and 87%, respectively, of untreated patients. circulating ic were found in both early and late stages of the disease, without significant quantitative differences; their size ... | 1981 | 6969733 |
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: membrane glycoproteins localized primarily in endosomes and lysosomes of bloodstream forms. | bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense take up macromolecules in endocytic vesicles that form in a large coated pit called the flagellar pocket. glycoproteins that bind to ricin are concentrated in the flagellar pocket and in intracellular vesicles. we purified triton x-100-soluble ricin-binding glycoproteins by lectin affinity chromatography and immunized mice to generate hybridomas. monoclonal antibody produced by the cb1 hybridoma recognized heterodisperse trypanosome components ... | 1993 | 7685707 |
| experimental infections of laboratory rodents with recently isolated stocks of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 1. parasitological investigations. | albino rats and white mice were infected with populations of trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolated from patients in four different areas in central africa. differences in virulence as shown by the level of parasitaemia, number of relapses, and length of survival time, were observed amongst the stocks according to their geographical origin and secondarily to the degree of adaptation to the rodents. all the stocks are pathogenic for the laboratory rodents, and the presence of extravascular trypano ... | 1981 | 6971541 |
| control of sleeping sickness due to trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | sleeping sickness due to trypanosoma brucei gambiense is endemic in 23 african countries and an estimated 45 million people are exposed to infection. the relatively low incidence of the disease (about 10 000 new cases each year) is mainly a result of 50 years of regular medical surveillance and treatment in combination with tsetse control where indicated and possible. the present article considers the significant developments in research in the field and assesses the impact of these findings on ... | 1982 | 6984372 |
| the trypanosoma lewisi immunofluorescence test: a new simple technique for simultaneous determination of total antinuclear antibodies and the detection of antibodies to double-stranded dna. | an indirect immunofluorescence technique was developed for the detection of antibodies to dsdna and the simultaneous assessment of antinuclear antibodies 'in toto' (ana). this assay was based upon the use as substrate of smears of peripheral blood derived from rats infected with trypanosoma lewisi. t. lewisi possesses a giant kinetoplast posteriorly to the nucleus. enzyme digestion and absorption experiments provided strong evidence that t. lewisi kinetoplast contains dsdna uncontaminated by oth ... | 1982 | 7035570 |