| bacillus thuringiensis protein cry6b (bgsc id 4d8) is toxic to larvae of hypera postica. | insecticidal proteins produced by strains of bacillus thuringenesis are specific toward target pests. one of the bt proteins, cry 1ac has been used successfully for controlling crop predation by polyphagous pests helicoverpa armigera. structurally, bt proteins consist of three domains; domain i and iii are fairly homologous in various bt proteins while domain ii is hypervariable. the hypervariable domain ii is believed to be responsible for specificity toward target pest. successful deployment o ... | 2011 | 20835830 |
| the role of β20-β21 loop structure in insecticidal activity of cry1ac toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | the β20-β21 loop is a unique structure in the domain iii of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins. in this study, the role of β20-β21 loop on insecticidal activity of cry1ac toxin was investigated. 10 residues in β20-β21 loop were substituted with alanine using pcr-based site-directed mutagenesis. all mutants were capable of producing diamond-shaped crystal and expressing a protein sized 130 kda. the mutants s581a and i585a enhanced toxicity against helicoverpa armigera larvae dramatically, while ... | 2010 | 20878161 |
| helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus orf51 is a chab homologous gene involved in budded virus production and dna replication. | the baculovirus chab proteins are conserved in all completely sequenced lepidopteran npvs and are annotated as putative dna binding proteins. here we investigated helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (hearnpv) orf51 (ha51), one of the chab homologues in hearnpv. 5'-race revealed that ha51 is transcribed from a conventional early promoter transcriptional initiator motif (catt) located at 159nt upstream of atg. rt-pcr confirmed that ha51 is an early transcribed gene. to st ... | 2010 | 20951176 |
| cotton plants expressing cyp6ae14 double-stranded rna show enhanced resistance to bollworms. | rna interference (rnai) plays an important role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. previously, we generated arabidopsis and tobacco plants expressing double-stranded rna (dsrna) targeting a cotton bollworm (helicoverpa armigera) p450 gene, cyp6ae14. bollworms fed on transgenic dscyp6ae14 plants showed suppressed cyp6ae14 expression and reduced growth on gossypol-containing diet (mao et al., in nat biotechnol 25: 1307-1313, 2007). here we report generation and analysis of dsrna-expressi ... | 2010 | 20953975 |
| effects of transgenic bt cotton on overwintering characteristics and survival of helicoverpa armigera. | the effects of transgenic bt cotton on the overwintering generation of the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), are unknown. we hypothesized that a bt cotton diet may adversely affect fitness of this generation and examined fresh weight, lipids, glycogens, low-molecular-weight sugars and scps (supercooling points) of pupae, as well as survival of larvae, diapausing pupae and adult emergence in comparison with controls. field and laboratory experiments showed t ... | 2010 | 21034745 |
| characterization of bacillus thuringiensis isolates and their differential toxicity against helicoverpa armigera populations. | bacillus thuringiensis isolates were characterized in rhizospheric cotton soils by using acetate selection process from eight different locations in south india. the fact that b. thuringiensis indices were higher in proportion in soil samples taken from tamil nadu and karnataka than from andhra pradesh, indicates the abundance of b. thuringiensis populations in the cotton rhizosphere. biochemical typing of the isolates designated eight local isolates (btng13, btco1, bthyb7, btam2, btrm5, btwr3, ... | 2010 | 21077117 |
| influence of mutagenesis of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin on larvicidal activity. | domain iii of bacillus thuringiensis cry δ-endotoxins are considered to be related to the stability of the structure and avoidance of overdigestion by proteases. in this study, some residues of potential chymotrypsin and trypsin sites in domain iii of b. thuringiensis cry1aa were replaced individually with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis, in order to investigate their functional roles. except f574a, all mutants f536a, r543a, f550a, f565a, r566a, f570a, f576a, f583a, and f590a were highly ex ... | 2010 | 21082182 |
| interaction of allium sativum leaf agglutinin with midgut brush border membrane vesicles proteins and its stability in helicoverpa armigera. | allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) binds to several proteins in the midgut of helicoverpa armigera and causes toxicity. most of these were glycosylated. six asal-binding proteins were selected for identification. pmf and ms/ms data showed their similarity with midgut aminopeptidase apn2, polycalins and alkaline phosphatase of h. armigera, cadherin-n protein (partial agap009726-pa) of acyrthosiphon pisum, cytochrome p450 (cyp315a1) of manduca sexta and alkaline phosphatase of heliothis viresce ... | 2010 | 21136596 |
| developmental penalties associated with inducible tolerance in helicoverpa armigera to insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | exposure of insect larvae to sublethal concentrations of crystal toxins from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt toxins) causes the induction of immune and metabolic responses that can be transmitted to offspring by epigenetic inheritance mechanisms. given that the elevated immune status carries significant developmental penalties, we wanted to establish the relationships between immune induction, tolerance to the toxin and developmental penalties. a laboratory culture of helicoverpa a ... | 2010 | 21169448 |
| using coi gene sequence to barcode two morphologically alike species: the cotton bollworm and the oriental tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | due to limited morphological difference, the two closely related sister species, the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) and the oriental tobacco budworm, h. assulta (guenée) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), are very difficult to distinguish, especially at the larvae stage. recently, dna sequence has been widely used as a bio-barcode for species identification. in this study, we attempted to distinguish h. armigera and h. assulta using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (c ... | 2010 | 21181271 |
| characteristics of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab in a strain of helicoverpa punctigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) isolated from a field population. | in 1996, the australian cotton industry adopted ingard that expresses the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin gene cry1ac and was planted at a cap of 30%. in 2004-2005, bollgard ii, which expresses cry1ac and cry2ab, replaced ingard in australia, and subsequently has made up >80% of the area planted to cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. the australian target species helicoverpa armigera (hübner) and helicoverpa punctigera (wallengren) are innately moderately tolerant to bt toxins, but the absence of a ... | 2010 | 21309238 |
| vip3aa tolerance response of helicoverpa armigera populations from a cry1ac cotton planting region. | transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., that expresses the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac toxin, holds great promise in controlling target insect pests. evolution of resistance by target pests is the primary threat to the continued efficacy of bt cotton. to thwart pest resistance evolution, a transgenic cotton culitvar that produces two different bt toxins, cry1ac and vip3a genes, was proposed as a successor of cry1ac cotton. this article reports on levels of vip3aa tolerance in helicoverp ... | 2010 | 21309241 |
| helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus occlusion-derived virus-associated protein, ha100, affects oral infectivity in vivo but not virus replication in vitro. | orf100 (ha100) of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (hearnpv) has been reported as one of the unique genes of group ii alphabaculoviruses encoding a protein located in the occlusion-derived virus (odv) envelope and nucleocapsid. the protein consists of 510 aa with a predicted mass of 58.1 kda and is a homologue of poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase in eukaryotes. western blot analysis detected a 60 kda band in hearnpv-infected hzam1 cells starting at 18 h post-infection. transient expressio ... | 2011 | 21325478 |
| relationships between exogenous-toxin quantity and increased biomass of transgenic bt crops under elevated carbon dioxide. | field-otc experiments were conducted with the goals of ascertaining if increased biomass in bt transgenic cotton and rice grown under elevated co(2) results in diminished exogenous-bt toxin, and assessing the effectiveness of bt transgenes against lepidopteran pests. bt cotton responded differently, in terms of bt-toxin quantity, than bt rice, and both indicated differences among developmental stages. dramatic biomass increase significantly diluted bt-toxin content in 45-das ("days after seedlin ... | 2011 | 21349582 |
| spider toxin (hvt) gene cloned under phloem specific rss1 and rolc promoters provides resistance against american bollworm (heliothis armigera). | spider venoms are neurotoxin proteins that can kill insects. spider toxin hvt gene was cloned under two phloem specific rss1 and rolc promoters, transformed into tobacco plants through agrobacterium-mediated transformation and tested against heliothis armigera larvae. transgenic plants were confirmed through pcr. first instar larvae of h. armigera were released on detached leaves of transformed and non-transformed plants. insect bioassays showed 93-100% mortality of h. armigera larvae within 72 ... | 2011 | 21369907 |
| a btb domain-containing gene is upregulated by immune challenge. | 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) is an important hormone that regulates the development of insects. although previous evidence revealed that 20e promotes innate immunity in insects, the mechanism involved is still unclear. in this study, the habbp gene from helicoverpa armigera is cloned, which contains btb (broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac), a back (btb and carboxyl-terminus kelch repeats), and phr (pam, highwire, and rpm) domains. rt-pcr analysis of habbp and western blot analysis of habbp sh ... | 2011 | 21374716 |
| reduced levels of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase are common to lepidopteran strains resistant to cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | development of insect resistance is one of the main concerns with the use of transgenic crops expressing cry toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. identification of biomarkers would assist in the development of sensitive dna-based methods to monitor evolution of resistance to bt toxins in natural populations. we report on the proteomic and genomic detection of reduced levels of midgut membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (malp) as a common feature in strains of cry-resistant heliothis ... | 2011 | 21390253 |
| genetic variation and virulence of nucleopolyhedroviruses isolated worldwide from the heliothine pests helicoverpa armigera, helicoverpa zea, and heliothis virescens. | to assess the diversity and relationships of baculoviruses found in insects of the heliothine pest complex, a pcr-based method was used to classify 90 samples of nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv; baculoviridae: alphabaculovirus) obtained worldwide from larvae of heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, and helicoverpa armigera. partial nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three highly conserved genes (lef-8, lef-9, and polh) indicated that 67 of these samples contained isolates of the h. zea ... | 2011 | 21439295 |
| binding sites for bacillus thuringiensis cry2ae toxin on heliothine brush border membrane vesicles are not shared with cry1a, cry1f, or vip3a toxin. | the use of combinations of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins with diverse modes of action for insect pest control has been proposed as the most efficient strategy to increase target range and delay the onset of insect resistance. considering that most cases of cross-resistance to bt toxins in laboratory-selected insect colonies are due to alteration of common toxin binding sites, independent modes of action can be defined as toxins sharing limited or no binding sites in brush border membrane ve ... | 2011 | 21441333 |
| biochemical characterisation of a-amylase inhibitors from achyranthes aspera and their interactions with digestive amylases of coleopteran and lepidopteran insects. | starchy seeds are an important food and a source of dietary ingredients in many countries. however, they suffer from extensive predation by bruchids (weevils) and other pests. a-amylase inhibitors are attractive candidates for the control of seed weevils, as these insects are highly dependent on starch as an energy source. | 2011 | 21445897 |
| effect of pyramiding bt and cpti genes on resistance of cotton to helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) under laboratory and field conditions. | transgenic cotton (cossypium hirsutum l.) varieties, adapted to china, have been bred that express two genes for resistance to insects, the crylac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) (bt), and a trypsin inhibitor gene from cowpea (cpti). effectiveness of the double gene modification in conferring resistance to cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), was studied in laboratory and field experiments. in each experiment, performance of bt+cpti cotton was comp ... | 2011 | 21510221 |
| high-efficiency agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and regeneration of insect-resistant transgenic plants. | to develop an efficient genetic transformation system of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), callus derived from mature embryonic axes of variety p-362 was transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 harboring p35sgus-int plasmid containing the uida gene encoding β-glucuronidase (gus) and the nptii gene for kanamycin selection. various factors affecting transformation efficiency were optimized; as agrobacterium suspension at od(600) 0.3 with 48 h of co-cultivation period at 20°c was fou ... | 2011 | 21516347 |
| inheritance of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin in helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from india. | | 2011 | 21567889 |
| comparative characterization of chitinases from silkworm (bombyx mori) and bollworm (helicoverpa armigera). | chitinases play an important role in the degradation of the cuticular chitin during the process of ecdysis. in this study, we compared the chitinases of two insect species, bombyx mori (silkworm) and helicoverpa armigera (bollworm), to assess the relation between characteristics and chitinase patterns. differences between two chitinases were observed after purification using ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sd ... | 2011 | 21573993 |
| β-thymosin is upregulated by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and microorganisms. | thymosins have diverse biological activities including actin-sequestering and tissue repair in vertebrates, however, there is little information about the function of thymosins in invertebrates. we isolated a β-thymosin gene in helicoverpa armigera. it has two transcript variants, hathy1 and hathy2, encoding 19.0 kda and 14.5 kda peptides, respectively. hathy1 was mainly transcribed in the integument and midgut, while hathy2 was principally presented in the fat body and haemocytes. the transcrip ... | 2011 | 21585579 |
| discovery of an unusual biosynthetic origin for circular proteins in legumes. | cyclotides are plant-derived proteins that have a unique cyclic cystine knot topology and are remarkably stable. their natural function is host defense, but they have a diverse range of pharmaceutically important activities, including uterotonic activity and anti-hiv activity, and have also attracted recent interest as templates in drug design. here we report an unusual biosynthetic origin of a precursor protein of a cyclotide from the butterfly pea, clitoria ternatea, a representative member of ... | 2011 | 21593408 |
| wci, a novel wheat chymotrypsin inhibitor: purification, primary structure, inhibitory properties and heterologous expression. | a novel chymotrypsin inhibitor, detected in the endosperm of triticum aestivum, was purified and characterized with respect to the main physical-chemical properties. on the basis of its specificity, this inhibitor was named wci (wheat chymotrypsin inhibitor). wci is a monomeric neutral protein made up of 119 residues and molecular mass value of 12,933.40 da. automated sequence and mass spectrometry analyses, carried out on several samples of purified inhibitor, evidenced an intrinsic molecular h ... | 2011 | 21617989 |
| the apoptosis inhibitor survivin prevents insect midgut from cell death during postembryonic development. | the programmed cell death (pcd) is important in maintaining the cell number homoeostasis of tissues and organs in metazoan. this process is regulated by the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (iaps). the function and mechanism of iaps have been well studied in animal embryonic development and human cancers. however, the roles and hormonal regulation of iaps in the postembryonic development are not well understood. we report that an iap survivin (ha-survivin) played roles in the postembryonic devel ... | 2011 | 21633890 |
| kinetic characterization of the group ii helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus propagated in suspension cell cultures: implications for development of a biopesticides production process. | large-scale commercialization of baculovirus biopesticides for the control of insect pests requires a cell culture production process, and knowledge of the infection kinetics is a vital prerequisite for process optimization. well-characterized kinetic parameters have so far only been reported for the commercially established recombinant autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), a group i npv. in this work, key infection kinetic parameters of the group ii npv helicoverpa armigera nucl ... | 2011 | 21644255 |
| role of alkaline phosphatase in insecticidal action of cry1ac against helicoverpa armigera larvae. | cry1ac ╬┤-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is used as a bio-pesticide for the control of helicoverpa armigera. aminopeptidases n (apn) and alkaline phosphatase (alp) play critical roles in its action against h. armigera larvae. the binding of cry1ac with brush border membrane vesicle (bbmv) proteins was increased with the larval development although the sensitivity of larvae to ╬┤-endotoxins decreased. there was higher expression of alp than apn in early instar larvae with a ~10 ... | 2011 | 21660568 |
| emergence of minor pests becoming major pests in ge cotton in china: what are the reasons? what are the alternatives practices to this change of status? | a recent study in china by lu et al. ( 1) shows that populations of an occasional cotton pest, mirid bugs (heteroptera: miridae), increased following the introduction of genetically engineered (ge) cotton plants. the ge cotton produces a delta-endotoxin from the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis (bt) to control the cotton bollworm. before the introduction of bt cotton in china, mirid bugs were usually controlled by broad-spectrum pesticide sprays targeted against the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa a ... | 2010 | 21844676 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel alphanodavirus. | nodaviridae is a family of non-enveloped isometric viruses with bipartite positive-sense rna genomes. the nodaviridae family consists of two genera: alpha- and beta-nodavirus. alphanodaviruses usually infect insect cells. some commercially available insect cell lines have been latently infected by alphanodaviruses. | 2011 | 21682922 |
| ubiquitins of bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus and helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus show distinct subcellular localization in infected cells. | ubiquitin (ub) is a conserved protein that regulates a number of processes in eukaryotic cells. nearly all lepidopteran baculoviruses encode ub homologs showing a partial sequence identity with human ub (hu-ub). in this study, the sequence, predicted 3d-structure and subcellular localization of ub homologs encoded by two different nucleopolyhedroviruses of bombyx mori (bmnpv) and helicoverpa armigera (hanpv) were compared. ubs of bmnpv and hanpv (bm-ub, ha-ub, respectively) shared only 73% of se ... | 2011 | 21692557 |
| in silico designing of insecticidal small interfering rna (sirna) for helicoverpa armigera control. | helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous lepidopteron insect pest causes severe yield loss in cotton, legumes, tomato, okra and other crops. application of chemical pesticides although effective, has human health and environmental safety concerns. moreover, development of resistance against most of the available pesticides is compelling to look for alternative strategies. adoption of bt transgenic crops have resulted in reduction in pesticide consumption and increasing crop productivity. however, sus ... | 2011 | 21702227 |
| a host-plant specialist, helicoverpa assulta, is more tolerant to capsaicin from capsicum annuum than other noctuid species. | plant secondary compounds not only play an important role in plant defense, but have been a driving force for host adaptation by herbivores. capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), an alkaloid found in the fruit of capsicum spp. (solanaceae), is responsible for the pungency of hot pepper fruits and is unique to the genus. the oriental tobacco budworm, helicoverpa assulta (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a specialist herbivore feeding on solanaceous plants including capsicum annuum, and is one ... | 2011 | 21704632 |
| specific binding of activated vip3aa10 to helicoverpa armigera brush border membrane vesicles results in pore formation. | helicoverpa armigera is one of the most harmful pests in china. although it had been successfully controlled by cry1a toxins, some h. armigera populations are building up resistance to cry1a toxins in the laboratory. vip3a, secreted by bacillus thuringiensis, is another potential toxin against h. armigera. previous reports showed that activated vip3a performs its function by inserting into the midgut brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) of susceptible insects. to further investigate the binding ... | 2011 | 21824478 |
| Rapid detection of vip1-type genes from Bacillus cereus and characterization of a novel vip binary toxin gene. | A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for identifying vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) 1-type genes from Bacillus cereus was developed by designing specific primers based on the conserved regions of the genes to amplify vip1-type gene fragments. PCR products were digested with endonuclease AciI, and four known vip1-type genes were identified. Vip1Ac and vip1Aa-type genes appeared in 17 of 26 B. cereus strains. A novel vip1-type gene, vip1Ac1, was identified from B ... | 2011 | 22092859 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins to helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in south africa. | the susceptibility of one of the most important pests in southern africa, helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae), to bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins was evaluated by bioassay. cry proteins were produced in escherichia coli bl21 cells that were transformed with plasmids containing one of six cry genes. the toxicity of each cry protein to h. armigera larvae was determined by the diet contamination method for second instar larvae and the droplet feeding method for neonate larvae. for eac ... | 2012 | 22019386 |
| design, synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel pyrazole amides containing hydrazone substructures. | background: pyrazole and hydrazone derivatives possess good insecticidal activities; their substructural units are widely used in pesticide design. in an effort to discover new molecules with good insecticidal activities, a series of pyrazole amide derivatives containing hydrazone substructures were synthesised and bioassayed. results: bioassays demonstrated that some of the title compounds exhibited notable control of plutella xylostella (linnaeus), helicoverpa armigera (hübner), culex pipiens ... | 2011 | 22190278 |
| development of quenching and washing protocols for quantitative intracellular metabolite analysis of uninfected and baculovirus-infected insect cells. | metabolomics refer to the global analysis of small molecule metabolites in a biological system, and can be a powerful tool to elucidate and optimize cellular processes, particularly when integrated into a systems biology framework. determining the endometabolome in cultured animal cells is especially challenging, due to the conflicting demands for rapid quenching of metabolism and retention of membrane integrity, while cells are separated from the complex medium. the challenge is magnified in vi ... | 2011 | 22166686 |
| comparative analysis of the udp-glycosyltransferase multigene family in insects. | udp-glycosyltransferases (ugt) catalyze the conjugation of a range of diverse small lipophilic compounds with sugars to produce glycosides, playing an important role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the regulation of endobiotics in insects. recent progress in genome sequencing has enabled an assessment of the extent of the ugt multigene family in insects. here we report over 310 putative ugt genes identified from genomic databases of eight different insect species together with a tran ... | 2011 | 22155036 |
| Complete sequence and gene organization of the Nosema heliothidis ribosomal RNA gene region. | By sequencing the entire ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene region of Nosema heliothidis isolated from cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), we showed that its gene organization is similar to the type species, Nosema bombycis: the 5'-large subunit rRNA (2,490 bp)-internal transcribed spacer (192 bp)-small subunit rRNA (1,232 bp)-intergenic spacer (274 bp)-5S rRNA (115 bp)-3'. We constructed two phylogenetic trees, analyzed phylogenetic relationships, examined rRNA organization of microsporidia, and com ... | 2011 | 21895841 |
| bioinsecticidal activity of murraya koenigii miraculin-like protein against helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. | miraculin-like proteins, belonging to the kunitz superfamily, are natural plant defense agents against pests and predators, and therefore are potential biopesticides for incorporation into pest-resistant crops. here, a miraculin-like protein from murraya koenigii was assessed for its in vitro and in vivo effects against two polyphagous lepidopteran insect pests, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. m. koenigii miraculin-like protein (mkmlp) inhibited the trypsin-like activity and total pr ... | 2011 | 21948662 |
| Putative phosphorylation sites on WCA domain of HA2 is essential for Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus replication. | Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common post-translational modification processes that play an essential role in regulating protein functionality. The Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) orf2-encoded nucleocapsid protein HA2 participates in orchestration of virus-induced actin polymerization through its WCA domain, in which phosphorylation status are supposed to be critical in respect to actin polymerization. In the present study, two putative phosphorylation sit ... | 2011 | 21847755 |
| Increased plant volatile production affects oviposition, but not larval development, in the moth Helicoverpa armigera. | It is well established that herbivorous insects respond to changes in plant odour production, but little attention has been given to whether these responses relate to direct fitness costs of plant volatile production on insect growth and survival. Here, we use transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) plants that produce relatively large amounts of the volatile (S)-linalool to study whether the responses of egg-laying herbivorous insects to linalool production relate directly to the growth and surv ... | 2011 | 21993797 |
| Trade-offs of host use between generalist and specialist Helicoverpa sibling species: adult oviposition and larval performance. | Much attention has been paid to the question of the relative importance of female behaviour versus larval feeding capacities in determining the host range of herbivorous insects. Host-use trade-offs displayed by generalist and specialist sister species of the genus Helicoverpa were evaluated to examine the relationship between maternal choice and offspring performance. The prediction of optimal oviposition theory, that females will choose to lay eggs on plants on which their offspring perform be ... | 2011 | 21863244 |
| Molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from diverse habitats of India. | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains were isolated from 94 samples from different geographical regions. Novel types of crystalline inclusion bodies were observed from some of the isolates. Crystalline inclusions of bipyramidal, spherical and cuboidal morphology were found produced by most of the isolates. Isolate GS12 showed crystal on one side of spore while isolate GM108 formed crystals on both termini of spore. Isolate GN31 produced large sized bipyramidal crystals. SDS-PAGE analysis of the sp ... | 2011 | 22144134 |
| Compatibility of garlic (Allium sativum L.) leaf agglutinin and Cry1Ac d-endotoxin for gene pyramiding. | d-Endotoxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been used as bio-pesticides for the control of lepidopteran insect pests. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) leaf agglutinin (ASAL), being toxic to several sap-sucking pests and some lepidopteran pests, may be a good candidate for pyramiding with d-endotoxins in transgenic plants for enhancing the range of resistance to insect pests. Since ASAL shares the midgut receptors with Cry1Ac in Helicoverpa armigera, there is possibility of antagonism in ... | 2011 | 21870043 |
| Early warning of cotton bollworm resistance associated with intensive planting of Bt cotton in China. | Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some key insect pests, but evolution of resistance by pests can reduce their efficacy. The predominant strategy for delaying pest resistance to Bt crops requires refuges of non-Bt host plants to promote survival of susceptible pests. To delay pest resistance to transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac, farmers in the United States and Australia planted refuges of non-Bt cotton, while farmers in China have relied on "natural" r ... | 2011 | 21857961 |
| increased frequency of pink bollworm resistance to bt toxin cry1ac in china. | transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) kill some key insect pests, but evolution of resistance by pests can reduce their efficacy. the main approach for delaying pest adaptation to bt crops uses non-bt host plants as "refuges" to increase survival of susceptible pests. to delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic cotton producing bt toxin cry1ac, the united states and some other countries have required refuges of non-bt cotton, while farmers in c ... | 2012 | 22238687 |
| co-expression and synergism analysis of vip3aa29 and cyt2aa3 insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis. | vegetative insecticidal protein (vip3) from bacillus thuringiensis shows high activity against lepidopteran insects. cytolytic δ-endotoxin (cyt) also has high toxicity to dipteran larvae and synergism with other crystal proteins (cry), but synergism between cyt and vip3 proteins has not been tested. we analyzed for synergism between cyt2aa3 and vip3aa29. both cyt2aa3 and vip3aa29 genes were co-expressed in escherichia coli strain bl21 carried on vector pcoladuet-1. vip3aa29 showed insecticidal a ... | 2012 | 22218570 |
| isolation and characterization of baculoviruses from three major lepidopteran pests in the semi-arid tropics of india. | baculoviruses were isolated from three major lepidopteran pests, helicoverpa armigera, spodoptera litura and amsacta albistriga in the semi-arid tropics during natural epizootic conditions at icrisat fields, patancheru, andhra pradesh, india. biological, morphological and biochemical analysis identified these isolates as nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs). scanning electron microscopy of the occlusion bodies (obs) purified from diseased larvae revealed polyhedral particles of size approximately 0.5-2 ... | 2011 | 23637499 |
| study of the pest community of velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medic.). | velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medicus 1787) is one of the most economically threatening weed plant in hungary. researching biological control against it, and identifying a possible and effective biocontrol agent is an important challenge, as chemical control is difficult and expensive, and there is an increasing claim to practice slight plant protection. entomological studies were made in several parts of the world, for evaluating the species, occuring in velvetleaf, but none of these kind of ... | 2011 | 22696962 |
| modified artificial diet for rearing of tobacco budworm, helicoverpa armigera, using the taguchi method and derringer's desirability function. | with the aim to improve the mass rearing feasibility of tobacco budworm, helicoverpa armigera hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae), design of experimental methodology using taguchi orthogonal array was applied. to do so, the effect of 16 ingredients of an artificial diet including bean, wheat germ powder, nipagin, ascorbic acid, formaldehyde, oil, agar, distilled water, ascorbate, yeast, chloramphenicol, benomyl, penicillin, temperature, humidity, and container size on some biological characteristics ... | 2012 | 23425103 |
| biological activities of solanum pseudocapsicum (solanaceae) against cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera hübner and armyworm, spodoptera litura fabricius (lepidotera: noctuidae). | to evaluate the antifeedant, insecticidal and growth inhibition activities of solanum pseudocapsicum (s. pseudocapsicum) seed extracts against spodoptera litura (s. litura) and helicoverpa armigera (h. armigera). | 2012 | 23593579 |
| expression in antennae and reproductive organs suggests a dual role of an odorant-binding protein in two sibling helicoverpa species. | odorant-binding proteins (obps) mediate both perception and release of semiochemicals in insects. these proteins are the ideal targets for understanding the olfactory code of insects as well as for interfering with their communication system in order to control pest species. the two sibling lepidopteran species helicoverpa armigera and h. assulta are two major agricultural pests. as part of our aim to characterize the obp repertoire of these two species, here we focus our attention on a member o ... | 2012 | 22291900 |
| a lysine at the c-terminus of an odorant-binding protein is involved in binding aldehyde pheromone components in two helicoverpa species. | odorant-binding proteins (obps) are soluble proteins, whose role in olfaction of insects is being recognized as more and more important. we have cloned, expressed and purified an obp (harmobp7) from the antennae of the moth helicoverpa armigera. western blot experiments indicate specific expression of this protein in the antennae of adults. harmobp7 binds both pheromone components z-11-hexadecenal and z-9-hexadecenal with good affinity. we have also performed a series of binding experiments with ... | 2013 | 23372826 |
| nmr structure and function of helicoverpa armigera sterol carrier protein-2, an important insecticidal target from the cotton bollworm. | the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, has developed strong resistance to many insecticides. sterol carrier protein-2 (scp-2) is an important non-specific lipid transfer protein in insects and appears to be a potential new target. in order to elucidate the structure and function of helicoverpa armigera scp-2 (hascp-2), nmr spectroscopy, docking simulations, mutagenesis and bioassays were performed. hascp-2 composed of five α-helices and four stranded β-sheets. the folds of α-helices and β-sh ... | 2015 | 26655641 |
| field evolved resistance in helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac in pakistan. | helicoverpa armigera (hübner) is one of the most destructive pests of several field and vegetable crops, with indiscriminate use of insecticides contributing to multiple instances of resistance. in the present study we assessed whether h. armigera had developed resistance to bt cotton and compared the results with several conventional insecticides. furthermore, the genetics of resistance was also investigated to determine the inheritance to cry1ac resistance. to investigate the development of re ... | 2012 | 23077589 |
| cross-resistance and interactions between bt toxins cry1ac and cry2ab against the cotton bollworm. | to delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), the "pyramid" strategy uses plants that produce two or more toxins that kill the same pest. we conducted laboratory diet experiments with the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, to evaluate cross-resistance and interactions between two toxins in pyramided bt cotton (cry1ac and cry2ab). selection with cry1ac for 125 generations produced 1000-fold resistance to cry1ac and ... | 2015 | 25586723 |
| role of tomato lipoxygenase d in wound-induced jasmonate biosynthesis and plant immunity to insect herbivores. | in response to insect attack and mechanical wounding, plants activate the expression of genes involved in various defense-related processes. a fascinating feature of these inducible defenses is their occurrence both locally at the wounding site and systemically in undamaged leaves throughout the plant. wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors (pis) in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) provide an attractive model to understand the signal transduction events leading from localized injury to the systemic ... | 2013 | 24348260 |
| myc2 differentially modulates diverse jasmonate-dependent functions in arabidopsis. | the arabidopsis thaliana basic helix-loop-helix leu zipper transcription factor (tf) myc2/jin1 differentially regulates jasmonate (ja)-responsive pathogen defense (e.g., pdf1.2) and wound response (e.g., vsp) genes. in this study, genome-wide transcriptional profiling of wild type and mutant myc2/jin1 plants followed by functional analyses has revealed new roles for myc2 in the modulation of diverse ja functions. we found that myc2 negatively regulates trp and trp-derived secondary metabolism su ... | 2007 | 17616737 |
| the phytohormone precursor opda is isomerized in the insect gut by a single, specific glutathione transferase. | oxylipins play important roles in stress signaling in plants. the compound 12-oxophytodienoic acid (cis-opda) is an early biosynthetic precursor of jasmonic acid (ja), the key phytohormone orchestrating the plant anti-herbivore defense. when consumed by feeding lepidopteran larvae, plant-derived cis-opda suffers rapid isomerization to iso-opda in the midgut and is excreted in the frass. unlike opda epimerization (yielding trans-opda), the formation of iso-opda is enzyme-dependent, and is catalyz ... | 2009 | 19805297 |
| enhanced methanol production in plants provides broad spectrum insect resistance. | plants naturally emit methanol as volatile organic compound. methanol is toxic to insect pests; but the quantity produced by most of the plants is not enough to protect them against invading insect pests. in the present study, we demonstrated that the over-expression of pectin methylesterase, derived from arabidopsis thaliana and aspergillus niger, in transgenic tobacco plants enhances methanol production and resistance to polyphagous insect pests. methanol content in the leaves of transgenic pl ... | 2013 | 24223989 |
| genome sequence of acinetobacter sp. strain ha, isolated from the gut of the polyphagous insect pest helicoverpa armigera. | in this study, acinetobacter sp. strain ha was isolated from the midgut of a fifth-instar larva of helicoverpa armigera. here, we report the draft genome sequence (3,125,085 bp) of this strain that consists of 102 contigs, 2,911 predicted coding sequences, and a g+c content of 41%. | 2012 | 22933775 |
| functional analysis of the abcs of eye color in helicoverpa armigera with crispr/cas9-induced mutations. | many insect pigments are localized in subcellular pigment granules, and transport of pigment precursors from the cytoplasm is accomplished by abc proteins. drosophila melanogaster has three half-transporter genes (white, scarlet, and brown, all affecting eye pigments) and bombyx mori has a fourth (ok). the white, brown, scarlet and ok proteins each have one transmembrane and one cytoplasmic domain and they heterodimerize to form functional transporters with different substrate specificities. we ... | 2017 | 28053351 |
| antifeedant, larvicidal and growth inhibitory bioactivities of novel polyketide metabolite isolated from streptomyces sp. ap-123 against helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. | considerable attention has been paid to actinomycetes, especially the secondary metabolites obtained from streptomyces species, as the best alternatives to chemicals as biological control agents for polyphagous pests such as helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. on the basis of their novel biocontrol attributes, novel polyketide metabolite isolated from marine streptomyces sp. ap-123 exhibited significant antifeedant, larvicidal and growth inhibitory activities against polyphagous pests. | 2013 | 23668716 |
| high throughput profiling of the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera immunotranscriptome during the fungal and bacterial infections. | innate immunity is essential in defending against invading pathogens in invertebrates. the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) is one of the most destructive lepidopteran pests, which causes enormous economic losses in agricultural production worldwide. the components of the immune system are largely unknown in this insect. the application of entomopathogens is considered as an alternative to the chemical insecticides for its control. however, few studies have focused on the molecular ... | 2015 | 26001831 |
| identification of abcc2 as a binding protein of cry1ac on brush border membrane vesicles from helicoverpa armigera by an improved pull-down assay. | cry1ac toxin-binding proteins from helicoverpa armigera brush border membrane vesicles were identified by an improved pull-down method that involves coupling cry1ac to cnbr agarose combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). according to the lc-ms/ms results, cry1ac toxin could bind to six classes of aminopeptidase-n, alkaline phosphatase, cadherin-like protein, atp-binding cassette transporter subfamily c protein (abcc2), actin, atpase, polycalin, and some other pro ... | 2016 | 27037552 |
| rna interference as a cellular defense mechanism against the dna virus baculovirus. | in insects, the rna interference (rnai) pathway plays a major role in antiviral responses, as shown against many rna viruses. the response includes the cleavage of double-stranded rna genome or intermediates, produced during replication, into viral short interfering rnas (v-sirnas). using deep sequencing, we found that a large number of small reads of ∼20 nucleotides from helicoverpa armigera larvae infected with helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (hasnpv) were mapped to certain op ... | 2012 | 23055564 |
| antibiotics influence the toxicity of the delta endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis towards the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera. | the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important crop pests worldwide. it has developed high levels of resistance to synthetic insecticides, and hence, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) formulations are used as a safer pesticide and the bt genes have been deployed in transgenic crops for controlling this pest. there is an apprehension that h. armigera might develop resistance to transgenic crops in future. therefore, we studied the role of gut microbes by eliminating them with an ... | 2014 | 25059716 |
| sialome of a generalist lepidopteran herbivore: identification of transcripts and proteins from helicoverpa armigera labial salivary glands. | although the importance of insect saliva in insect-host plant interactions has been acknowledged, there is very limited information on the nature and complexity of the salivary proteome in lepidopteran herbivores. we inspected the labial salivary transcriptome and proteome of helicoverpa armigera, an important polyphagous pest species. to identify the majority of the salivary proteins we have randomly sequenced 19,389 expressed sequence tags (ests) from a normalized cdna library of salivary glan ... | 2011 | 22046331 |
| gene-silencing reveals the functional significance of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor (pban-r) in a male moth. | the role of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban) in the regulation of pheromone biosynthesis of several female moth species is well elucidated, but its role in the males has been a mystery for over two decades since its discovery from both male and female central nervous systems. in previous studies we have identified the presence of the gene transcript for the pban-g-protein coupled receptor (pban-r) in helicoverpa armigera male hair-pencil-aedaegus complexes (male complexes), ... | 2010 | 20837549 |
| proteomic analysis of mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus progeny virions from two different hosts. | mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus (mabrnpv) has a wide host range replication in more than one insect species. in this study, a sequenced mabrnpv strain, mabrnpv-cta, was used to perform proteomic analysis of both bvs and odvs derived from two infected hosts: helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera exigua. a total of 82 and 39 viral proteins were identified in odvs and bvs, respectively. and totally, 23 and 76 host proteins were identified as virion-associated with odvs and bvs, respectively. ... | 2016 | 27058368 |
| the ha72 core gene of baculovirus is essential for budded virus production and occlusion-derived virus embedding, and amino acid k22 plays an important role in its function. | ha72 of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (a homologue of ac78) was identified as a conserved late baculovirus gene and characterized. ha72 localizes in the intranuclear ring zone. by generating mutants, we showed that ha72 is essential for budded virus (bd) production and occlusion-derived virus (odv) embedding. ha72 also interacted with p33, a baculoviral sulfhydryl oxidase. a point mutation of amino acid 22 from lysine to glutamic acid curtailed bv production and precluded odv occlusi ... | 2013 | 24089571 |
| proteomics analysis of helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus identified two new occlusion-derived virus-associated proteins, ha44 and ha100. | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to analyze the structural proteins of the occlusion-derived virus (odv) of helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (hearnpv), a group ii npv. twenty-three structural proteins of hearnpv odv were identified, 21 of which have been reported previously as structural proteins or odv-associated proteins in other baculoviruses. these include polyhedrin, p78/83, p49, odv-e18, odv-ec27, odv-e56 ... | 2007 | 17581982 |
| multicopper oxidase-1 is required for iron homeostasis in malpighian tubules of helicoverpa armigera. | multicopper oxidases (mcos) are enzymes that contain 10 conserved histidine residues and 1 cysteine residue. mco1 has been extensively investigated in the midgut because this mco is implicated in ascorbate oxidation, iron homeostasis and immune responses. however, information regarding the action of mco1 in malpighian tubules is limited. in this study, helicoverpa armigera was used as a model to investigate the function of mco1 in malpighian tubules. sequence analysis results revealed that hamco ... | 2015 | 26437857 |
| a transferrin gene associated with development and 2-tridecanone tolerance in helicoverpa armigera. | the full-length cdna (2320 bp) encoding a putative iron-binding transferrin protein from helicoverpa armigera was cloned and named hatrf. the putative hatrf sequence included 670 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 76 kda. quantitative pcr results demonstrated that the transcriptional level of hatrf was significantly higher in the sixth instar and pupa stages as compared with other developmental stages. hatrf transcripts were more abundant in fat bodies and in the epidermis than i ... | 2014 | 25430818 |
| identification, characterization, and expression of a novel p450 gene encoding cyp6ae25 from the asian corn borer, ostrinia furnacalis. | an allele of the cytochrome p450 gene, cyp6ae14, named cyp6ae25 (genbank accession no. eu807990) was isolated from the asian com borer, ostrinia fumacalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) by rt-pcr. the cdna sequence of cyp6ae25 is 2315 bp in length and contains a 1569 nucleotides open reading frame encoding a putative protein with 523 amino acid residues and a predicted molecular weight of 59.95 kda and a theoretical pi of 8.31. the putative protein contains the classic heme-binding sequence m ... | 0 | 21529257 |
| a spodoptera exigua cadherin serves as a putative receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry1ca toxin and shows differential enhancement of cry1ca and cry1ac toxicity. | crystal toxin cry1ca from bacillus thuringiensis has an insecticidal spectrum encompassing lepidopteran insects that are tolerant to current commercially used b. thuringiensis crops (bt crops) expressing cry1a toxins and may be useful as a potential bioinsecticide. the mode of action of cry1a is fairly well understood. however, whether cry1ca interacts with the same receptor proteins as cry1a remains unproven. in the present paper, we first cloned a cadherin-like gene, secad1b, from spodoptera e ... | 2013 | 23835184 |
| sequence analysis, expression profiles and function of thioredoxin 2 and thioredoxin reductase 1 in resistance to nucleopolyhedrovirus in helicoverpa armigera. | the thioredoxin system, including nadph, thioredoxin (trx), and thioredoxin reductase (trxr), plays significant roles in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and protecting organisms against oxidative damage. in this study, the characteristics and functions of h. armigera hatrx2 and hatrxr1 were identified. sequence analysis showed that hatrx2 and hatrxr1 were both highly conserved and shared high sequence identity with other insect counterparts. the mrna of hatrx2 was expressed the highe ... | 2015 | 26502992 |
| natural history and intragenomic dynamics of the transib transposon hztransib in the cotton bollworm helicoverpa zea. | hztransib, recently identified from helicoverpa zea, represents the first intact and transcriptionally active transib element. its open reading frame was detected in helicoverpa armigera, from which h. zea evolved, and in helicoverpa assulta, the common ancestor of h. zea and h. armigera, but its remaining parts were found only in h. armigera. thirty-nine hztransib insertion sites, all of which are polymorphic, were detected from eight populations of h. zea. out of the 39 insertion sites, 35 wer ... | 2010 | 21166910 |
| central projections of gustatory receptor neurons in the medial and the lateral sensilla styloconica of helicoverpa armigera larvae. | food selection behavior of lepidopteran larvae is predominantly governed by the activation of taste neurons present in two sensilla styloconica located on the galea of the maxilla. in this study, we present the ultrastructure of the sensilla styloconica and the central projection pattern of their associated receptor neurons in larvae of the heliothine moth, helicoverpa armigera. by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the previous findings of two morphologically fairly sim ... | 2014 | 24740428 |
| high nucleotide diversity and limited linkage disequilibrium in helicoverpa armigera facilitates the detection of a selective sweep. | insecticides impose extreme selective pressures on populations of target pests and so insecticide resistance loci of these species may provide the footprints of 'selective sweeps'. to lay the foundation for future genome-wide scans for selective sweeps and inform genome-wide association study designs, we set out to characterize some of the baseline population genomic parameters of one of the most damaging insect pests in agriculture worldwide, helicoverpa armigera. to this end, we surveyed nine ... | 2015 | 26174024 |
| phospholipase cγ1 connects the cell membrane pathway to the nuclear receptor pathway in insect steroid hormone signaling. | in addition to the classical nuclear receptor pathway, there is a nongenomic pathway in the cell membrane that regulates gene expression in animal steroid hormone signaling; however, this mechanism is unclear. here, we report that the insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) regulates calcium influx via phospholipase cγ1 (plcg1) to modulate the protein kinase c phosphorylation of the transcription factor ultraspiracle (usp1) in the lepidopteran insect helicoverpa armigera. the plcg1 mrna ... | 2014 | 24692553 |
| juvenile hormone prevents 20-hydroxyecdysone-induced metamorphosis by regulating the phosphorylation of a newly identified broad protein. | the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) initiates insect molting and metamorphosis. by contrast, juvenile hormone (jh) prevents metamorphosis. however, the mechanism by which jh inhibits metamorphosis remains unclear. in this study, we propose that jh induces the phosphorylation of broad isoform z7 (brz7), a newly identified protein, to inhibit 20e-mediated metamorphosis in the lepidopteran insect helicoverpa armigera. the knockdown of brz7 in larvae inhibited metamorphosis by repressing th ... | 2014 | 25096576 |
| a toxin-binding alkaline phosphatase fragment synergizes bt toxin cry1ac against susceptible and resistant helicoverpa armigera. | evolution of resistance by insects threatens the continued success of pest control using insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in sprays and transgenic plants. in this study, laboratory selection with cry1ac yielded five strains of cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, with resistance ratios at the median lethal concentration (lc50) of activated cry1ac ranging from 22 to 1700. reduced activity and reduced transcription of an alkaline phosphatase prot ... | 2015 | 25885820 |
| function of nuclear transport factor 2 and ran in the 20e signal transduction pathway in the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera. | nuclear transport factor 2 and small gtpase ran participate in the nucleo-cytoplasm transport of macromolecules, but their function in the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) signal transduction pathway are not well known. | 2010 | 20044931 |
| proteomic identification of differentially expressed and phosphorylated proteins in epidermis involved in larval-pupal metamorphosis of helicoverpa armigera. | metamorphosis is an important process in the life cycle of holometabolous insects and is regulated by insect hormones. during metamorphosis, the epidermis goes through a significant transformation at the biochemical and molecular levels. | 2009 | 20003373 |
| conserved chemosensory proteins in the proboscis and eyes of lepidoptera. | odorant-binding proteins (obps) and chemosensory proteins (csps) are endowed with several different functions besides being carriers for pheromones and odorants. based on a previous report of a csp acting as surfactant in the proboscis of the moth helicoverpa armigera, we revealed the presence of orthologue proteins in two other moths plutella xylostella and chilo suppressalis, as well as two butterflies papilio machaon and pieris rapae, using immunodetection and proteomic analysis. the unusual ... | 2016 | 27877091 |
| insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab is conferred by mutations in an abc transporter subfamily a protein. | the use of conventional chemical insecticides and bacterial toxins to control lepidopteran pests of global agriculture has imposed significant selection pressure leading to the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance. transgenic crops (e.g., cotton) expressing the bt cry toxins are now used world wide to control these pests, including the highly polyphagous and invasive cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera. since 2004, the cry2ab toxin has become widely used for controlling h. armigera, often ... | 2015 | 26583651 |
| adenylate kinase 2 (ak2) promotes cell proliferation in insect development. | adenylate kinase 2 (ak2) is a phosphotransferase that catalyzes the reversible reaction 2adp(gdp) ↔ atp(gtp) + amp and influences cellular energy homeostasis. however, the role of ak2 in regulating cell proliferation remains unclear because ak2 has been reported to be involved in either cell proliferation or cell apoptosis in different cell types of various organisms. | 2012 | 23020757 |
| hexokinase is a key regulator of energy metabolism and ros activity in insect lifespan extension. | developmental arrest (diapause) is a 'non-aging' state that is similar to the caenorhabditis elegans dauer stage and drosophila lifespan extension. diapause results in low metabolic activity and a profound extension of insect lifespan. here, we cloned the helicoverpa armigera hexokinase (hk) gene, a gene that is critical for the developmental arrest of this species. hk expression and activity levels were significantly increased in nondiapause-destined pupae compared with those of diapause-destin ... | 0 | 26852422 |
| development of a novel-type transgenic cotton plant for control of cotton bollworm. | the transgenic bt cotton plant has been widely planted throughout the world for the control of cotton budworm helicoverpa armigera (hubner). however, a shift towards insect tolerance of bt cotton is now apparent. in this study, the gene encoding neuropeptide f (npf) was cloned from cotton budworm h. armigera, an important agricultural pest. the npf gene produces two splicing mrna variants-npf1 and npf2 (with a 120-bp segment inserted into the npf1 sequence). these are predicted to form the matur ... | 2016 | 26841044 |
| molecular characterization and function analysis of the vitellogenin receptor from the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera, noctuidae). | developing oocytes accumulate plentiful yolk protein during oogenesis through receptor-mediated endocytosis. the vitellogenin receptor (vgr), belonging to the low-density lipoprotein receptor (ldlr) family, regulates the absorption of yolk protein. in this work, the full-length vitellogenin receptor (havgr) in the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera was identified, encoding a 1817 residue protein. sequence alignment revealed that the sequence of havgr contained all of the conservative structura ... | 2016 | 27192057 |
| identification and expression profile of a putative basement membrane protein gene in the midgut of helicoverpa armigera. | the midgut undergoes histolysis and remodeling during the larval to adult transition in holometabolous insects, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not well understood. | 2007 | 17597546 |
| identification of genes differentially expressed during larval molting and metamorphosis of helicoverpa armigera. | larval molting and metamorphosis are important physiological processes in the life cycle of the holometabolous insect. we used suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) to identify genes differentially expressed during larval molting and metamorphosis. | 2007 | 17588272 |
| transcriptome comparison of the sex pheromone glands from two sibling helicoverpa species with opposite sex pheromone components. | differences in sex pheromone component can lead to reproductive isolation. the sibling noctuid species, helicoverpa armigera and helicoverpa assulta, share the same two sex pheromone components, z9-16:ald and z11-16:ald, but in opposite ratios, providing an typical example of such reproductive isolation. to investigate how the ratios of the pheromone components are differently regulated in the two species, we sequenced cdna libraries from the pheromone glands of h. armigera and h. assulta. after ... | 2015 | 25792497 |
| the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone via nongenomic pathway activates ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii to regulate gene expression. | the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) triggers calcium signaling pathway to regulate 20e response gene expression, but the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. we propose that the 20e-induced phosphorylation of ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii (camkii) serves an important function in 20e response gene transcription in the lepidopteran insect helicoverpa armigera. camkii showed increased expression and phosphorylation during metamorphosis. 20e elevated camkii pho ... | 2015 | 25670853 |
| characterization of protein phosphatase 5 from three lepidopteran insects: helicoverpa armigera, mythimna separata and plutella xylostella. | protein phosphatase 5 (pp5), a unique member of serine/threonine phosphatases, regulates a variety of biological processes. we obtained full-length pp5 cdnas from three lepidopteran insects, helicoverpa armigera, mythimna separata and plutella xylostella, encoding predicted proteins of 490 (55.98 kda), 490 (55.82 kda) and 491 (56.07 kda) amino acids, respectively. these sequences shared a high identity with other insect pp5s and contained the tpr (tetratricopeptide repeat) domains at n-terminal ... | 2014 | 24823652 |