| [osmolality of frequently consumed beverages]. | the objective of this work was to determine the osmolality of beverages frequently consumed by children and adolescents due to the scarce information available in our country. the samples were grouped as follows: milks; refreshments; beverages based on fruits, vegetables, cereals, and tubers; sport drinks; energizing drinks; oral rehydrating solutions; reconstituted drinks and infusions. a vapor pressure digital osmometer was used, five samples of each beverage from different lots were analyzed. ... | 2004 | 15602899 |
| [relationship between breaking of dormancy and reactive oxygen species metabolism in flower buds of pear]. | the metabolism of reactive oxygen species in pear (pyrus bretschneideri rehd.) flower buds changes greatly during their natural dormancy in winter. the o(-.)(2) production rate increases rapidly during the period of dormancy, but decreases when dormancy finishes (fig. 5). h(2)o(2) content goes up significantly at the early stage of dormancy, but afterwards falls gradually (fig. 5). however, ascorbic acid (asa) and reduced glutathione (gsh) contents show a different changing trend: descending at ... | 2004 | 15643086 |
| alpha-gustducin immunoreactivity in the airways. | the g-protein subunit alpha-gustducin is a marker of chemoreceptive cells. in the present study, we examined the immunohistochemical localization of alpha-gustducin in rat airway epithelium both by light and electron microscopy. alpha-gustducin immunoreactivity was found in solitary cells that presented ultrastructural features of chemoreceptor cells, i.e. flask-shaped or pear-shaped, with an apical process with thin microvilli protruding into the lumen. the immunostaining was mainly concentrate ... | 2004 | 15654652 |
| partitioning of (13)c-photosynthate from spur leaves during fruit growth of three japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars differing in maturation date. | in fruit crops, fruit size at harvest is an important aspect of quality. with japanese pears (pyrus pyrifolia), later maturing cultivars usually have larger fruits than earlier maturing cultivars. it is considered that the supply of photosynthate during fruit development is a critical determinant of size. to assess the interaction of assimilate supply and early/late maturity of cultivars and its effect on final fruit size, the pattern of carbon assimilate partitioning from spur leaves (source) t ... | 2005 | 15655106 |
| color, betalain pattern, and antioxidant properties of cactus pear (opuntia spp.) clones. | total phenolics, ascorbic acid, and betalain contents of differently colored cactus pear clones (nine opuntia ficus-indica [l.] mill. clones and one o. robusta wendl. clone) were investigated and related to their respective antioxidant potential assessed by trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (teac) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) assays. teac and orac values were very highly correlated with each other and also with values for total phenolics, betalain contents, and ascorbic aci ... | 2005 | 15656686 |
| what do herbalists suggest to diabetic patients in order to improve glycemic control? evaluation of scientific evidence and potential risks. | in the course of 12 continuing education seminars given in different regions of italy in 2001, we distributed a questionnaire to all the attending herbalists asking information about the herbal remedy and dietary supplement they mainly recommended to subjects who required a "natural" treatment to control glycemia. we distributed 720 questionnaires and we received 685 completed ones. we have compiled a short review on the efficacy and safety of the 10 most frequently advised products for each cat ... | 2004 | 15666575 |
| small-angle x-ray scattering reveals the solution structure of the full-length dna gyrase a subunit. | dna gyrase is the topoisomerase uniquely able to actively introduce negative supercoils into dna. vital in all bacteria, but absent in humans, this enzyme is a successful target for antibacterial drugs. from biophysical experiments in solution, we report the low-resolution structure of the full-length a subunit (gyra). analytical ultracentrifugation shows that gyra is dimeric, but nonglobular. ab initio modeling from small-angle x-ray scattering allows us to retrieve the molecular envelope of gy ... | 2005 | 15698572 |
| development of an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for pear (pyrus communis l.) with leaf-section and axillary shoot-meristem explants. | we have developed a new agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for the low-frequency-regenerating pear (pyrus communis l.) cvs. silver bell and la france. leaf sections derived from in vitro shoots were initially used for the transformation procedure. under optimum transformation conditions, which included culture and selection on 30 mg/l kanamycin (km) combined with 500 mg/l sulbenicillin, a 3.2% transformation efficiency was obtained for cv. silver bell, but no transformants of la france ... | 2005 | 15706454 |
| distribution of betalain pigments in red blood cells after consumption of cactus pear fruits and increased resistance of the cells to ex vivo induced oxidative hemolysis in humans. | betalain pigments are bioavailable phytochemicals recently acknowledged as natural radical scavengers. this work, which extends previous research on the postabsorbitive fate of dietary betalains, investigated the distribution of betanin and indicaxanthin in red blood cells (rbcs) isolated from healthy volunteers (n = 8), before and during the 1-8 h interval after a cactus pear fruit meal, and the potential antioxidative activity of the pigments in these cells. a peak concentration of indicaxanth ... | 2005 | 15713051 |
| growth performance of lambs in phangrang, vietnam: effects of a dietary supplement containing prickly-pear cactus. | in phanrang, vietnam, sheep production is limited by the sparse availability of green roughage. although prickly-pear cactus (opuntia elator) is abundant in the area, it is not used. it was considered relevant therefore to test whether prickly-pear cactus could be used a component of feed supplements. with the use of the cactus and other local products--namely groundnut cake, fish sauce by-product, molasses, rice bran and cassava flour--two supplements were prepared. the level of cactus in the t ... | 2005 | 15747860 |
| dead flower buds of pear: effect of tree growth control, and alternaria alternata as causal agent. | dead (dormant) flower buds of pear is an important phenomenon in pear production in the netherlands. vigourous or unbalanced tree growth and pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae are mentioned as likely causes of dead flower buds. several tree growth control treatments including ethephon. regalis (prohexadione-ca) and root pruning were evaluated. regalis increased disease incidence. the plant stimulant (foliar fertilizer) resistim (potassium phosphonate) reduced disease incidence. pseudomonas syring ... | 2004 | 15756820 |
| characterization of pseudomonas pathovars isolated from rosaceous fruit trees in east algeria. | a survey of bacterial diseases due to pseudomonas on rosaceous fruit trees was conducted. in forty two orchards located in the constantine region ( east algeria). pseudomonas isolates were identified on the bases of their cultural and biochemical characteristics . a total of fifty nine phytopathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased pome and stone fruit trees. thirty one strains comparable to pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were isolated from cherry (prunus avium l.), plum (p. domestica l ... | 2004 | 15756824 |
| the distribution of neural nitric oxide synthase-positive cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons in the third ventricular wall of male rats and coexistence with vasopressin or oxytocin. | the detailed distribution of neural nitric oxide synthase (nnos)-positive cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (csf-cn) was studied in the wall of the third ventricle of rats by anti-nnos immunohistochemistry. the coexistence of nnos and 8-arginine vasopressin (avp) or oxytocin (ot) was also investigated in the csf-cn using double labeling immunohistochemistry. the results demonstrated a widespread occurrence of nnos-csf-cn throughout the wall of the hypothalamic third ventricle. the vast majo ... | 2005 | 15757631 |
| species composition of leaf beetle assemblages in the canopies of apple and pear orchards in hungary and great britain (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | the species richness and species composition of coleoptera assemblages were investigated in the canopies of apple and pear orchards in hungary and in the apple orchards in great britain. the investigations were carried out in hungary (nagykovácsi: 3 plots, kecskemét: 5 plots, sárospatak: 4 plots) between 1990-94, and in great britain in kent (east malling, marden and robertsbridge) in 2001 and 2002. former investigations in hungary revealed that the diversity of coleoptera assemblages in the can ... | 2004 | 15759432 |
| variation in organophosphate pesticide metabolites in urine of children living in agricultural communities. | children of migrant farmworkers are at increased risk of exposure to organophosphate pesticides because of "carry-home" transport processes and residential location. although this at-risk status is generally recognized, few available reports describe the extent of this exposure among agricultural communities. we quantified dialkyl phosphate (dap) levels in serial samples of urine from 176 children, 2-6 years of age, in three oregon communities hosting differing agricultural industries: pears, ch ... | 2005 | 15811843 |
| massive gorham-stout syndrome of the pelvis. | gorham-stout disease is defined as a spontaneous, massive, and nonfamilial idiopathic osteolysis. the diagnosis is based essentially on radiological and histological findings. biopsy reviews always reveal excessive intraosseous nonmalignant proliferation of small vessels, which results in bone resorption and may extend to adjacent bones and soft tissues. these lesions are progressively replaced by extensive fibrosis. since its first description in 1955, there is still controversy about its progn ... | 2005 | 15827684 |
| autoinduction in erwinia amylovora: evidence of an acyl-homoserine lactone signal in the fire blight pathogen. | erwinia amylovora causes fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other members of the rosaceae. here we present the first evidence for autoinduction in e. amylovora and a role for an n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl)-type signal. two major plant virulence traits, production of extracellular polysaccharides (amylovoran and levan) and tolerance to free oxygen radicals, were controlled in a bacterial-cell-density-dependent manner. two standard autoinducer biosensors, agrobacterium tumefaciens ntl4 an ... | 2005 | 15838048 |
| comparison of the antioxidant activities of nine different fruits in human plasma. | oxidative stress in humans is associated with damage to dna, proteins, and biological membranes. oxidative stress, which often arises as a result of an imbalance in the human antioxidant status, has been implicated in aging and a number of human diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. this study was performed to test the hypothesis that the consumption of fruit juices may improve antioxidant status in human plasma. ten healthy men 25-26 years old were recruited for th ... | 2005 | 15857208 |
| light microscopical study of nitric oxide synthase i-positive neurons, including fibres in the vestibular nuclear complex of the cat. | nitric oxide is a gaseous neurotransmitter that is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase i (nos i). at present, little is known of nos i-positive neurons in the vestibular nuclear complex of the cat (vncc). the aim of the present study was to examine the morphology, distribution patterns and interconnections of nos i-positive neurons, including fibres in the vncc. five adult cats were used as experimental animals. all cats were anaesthetized and perfused transcardially. brains were rem ... | 2005 | 15878614 |
| rapid transbilayer movement of ceramides in phospholipid vesicles and in human erythrocytes. | the transbilayer diffusion of unlabeled ceramides with different acyl chains (c6-cer, c10-cer, and c16-cer) was investigated in giant unilamellar vesicles (guvs) and in human erythrocytes. incorporation of a very small percentage of ceramides (approximately 0.1% of total lipids) to the external leaflet of egg phosphatidylcholine guvs suffices to trigger a shape change from prolate to pear shape vesicle. by observing the reversibility of this shape change the transmembrane diffusion of lipids was ... | 2005 | 15883154 |
| dna diagnostics to identify internal feeders (lepidoptera: tortricidae) of pome fruits of quarantine importance. | a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method is presented for differentiating among the north american internal apple-feeding pests codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.); oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck); lesser appleworm, grapholita prunivora (walsh); and cherry fruitworm, grapholita packardi zeller. an approximately 470-bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) was sequenced in three to six specimens of each species. consistent and diagnostic difference ... | 2005 | 15889717 |
| green tea and the skin. | plant extracts have been widely used as topical applications for wound-healing, anti-aging, and disease treatments. examples of these include ginkgo biloba, echinacea, ginseng, grape seed, green tea, lemon, lavender, rosemary, thuja, sarsaparilla, soy, prickly pear, sagebrush, jojoba, aloe vera, allantoin, feverwort, bloodroot, apache plume, and papaya. these plants share a common character: they all produce flavonoid compounds with phenolic structures. these phytochemicals are highly reactive w ... | 2005 | 15928624 |
| a cftr chloride channel activator prevents hrpn(ea)-induced cell death in arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. | erwinia amylovora is a necrogenic bacterium that causes fire blight of the maloideae subfamily of roseacae, such as apple and pear. it provokes necrosis in aerial parts of susceptible host plants and the typical hypersensitive reaction in non-host plants. the secreted harpin, hrpn ea, is able by itself to induce an active cell death in non-host plants. ion flux modulations were shown to be involved early in such processes but very few data are available on the plasma membrane ion channel activit ... | 2005 | 15936204 |
| isolation, characterization, and cloning of {alpha}-l-arabinofuranosidase expressed during fruit ripening of japanese pear. | alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (alpha-l-arafase) was purified from fruit of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). the enzyme solubilized from the cell wall by nacl and triton x-100 had the homogeneity of a single 62-kd polypeptide on sds-page after purification through the steps of hydroxyapatite, anion-exchange chromatography, and size-exclusion chromatography. a related cdna clone was isolated (pparf2). the transcript and related protein were detected solely in the ripening fruit corresponding to the ... | 2005 | 15965025 |
| the novel fission yeast protein pal1p interacts with hip1-related sla2p/end4p and is involved in cellular morphogenesis. | the establishment and maintenance of characteristic cellular morphologies is a fundamental property of all cells. here we describe schizosaccharomyces pombe pal1p, a protein important for maintenance of cylindrical cellular morphology. pal1p is a novel membrane-associated protein that localizes to the growing tips of interphase cells and to the division site in cells undergoing cytokinesis in an f-actin- and microtubule-independent manner. cells deleted for pal1 display morphological defects, ch ... | 2005 | 15975911 |
| [fertility of large fruit-tree tortrix archips podana scop. (lepidoptera: tortricidae) on different edible plants]. | we studied pupal weight, total fertility, and potential and actual fertility of imagoes of large fruit-tree tortrix archips podana scop. for caterpillars reared on apple, currant, pear, lilac, and plum plants. pupal weight had no effect on total fertility in the first generation but was reflected in the second generation. the dependence of potential and actual fertility of imago on pupal weight was nonlinear with a trend to optimum within certain limits. | 2005 | 16004289 |
| [distribution characteristics of nitrogen and its source in core sediments from pearl river estuary]. | based on the measurement of the concentration of nitrogen in four core sediments from pear river estuary, the forms and the depth-dependent changes characteristics of nitrogen were studied, and the possible sources of nitrogen in the sediments were discussed. the results indicate that the content of total nitrogen ranged from 850.62mg/kg to 2 340.85mg/kg, with mean content of 1 502.73mg/kg. there is a general tendency for an upward increase in core sediments, which is more evident in the middle ... | 2005 | 16004328 |
| development of a strain-specific quantitative method for monitoring pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e, a novel biocontrol agent of fire blight. | pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e has been selected in a screening procedure for its high efficacy controlling erwinia amylovora infections in flowers, immature fruits and young pear plants. we developed two monitoring methods which allowed specific detection and quantification of eps62e by combining classical microbiological techniques with molecular tools. rapd and unspecific-pcr fingerprints were used to differentiate eps62e from other p. fluorescens strains. differential amplified fragments fro ... | 2005 | 16006071 |
| hemangiomatosis associated with osteolysis of the mandible in a dog resembling gorham-stout disease in humans. | a 6-month-old female german shepherd dog died as a result of profuse oral bleeding. at postmortem examination, the oral cavity showed visible roots of the right mandibular fourth premolar and first molar teeth and, in addition, they were very mobile and compressible. radiographs showed a generalized radiolucency in the body of the right mandible, with evidence of resorption of the affected alveolar bone. histologically, the lesion of the right mandible was characterized by the lysis of bony stru ... | 2005 | 16006608 |
| [pseudomonas genus bacteria on weeds]. | it has been shown in the work that the weeds (couch-grass and ryegrass) may be affected by bacterial diseases in natural conditions, pseudomonas genus bacteria being their agents. the isolated bacteria are highly-aggressive in respect of the host-plant and a wide range of cultivated plants: wheat, rye, oats, barley, apple-tree and pear-tree. in contrast to highly aggressive bacteria isolated from the affected weeds, bacteria-epi phytes isolated from formally healthy plants (common amaranth, orac ... | 2005 | 16018218 |
| real-time pcr for simultaneous and quantitative detection of quarantine phytoplasmas from apple proliferation (16 srx) group. | a real time pcr assay conjugated with the fluorescent sybr green i dye has been developed for rapid, sensitive and quantitative detection of 'ca. phytoplasma pyri', 'ca. p. prunorum' and 'ca. p. mali', quarantine members of apple proliferation (16 srx) group. the selected primers amplify specifically a target of 217-bp fragment from the 16 sr gene region of the 16 srx group and not from any other tested phytoplasma groups. an artificial template consisting in a plasmid clone of a 1785-bp dna fra ... | 2005 | 16039094 |
| influence of selected fruit tree pollen on life history of euseius stipulatus (acari: phytoseiidae). | euseius stipulatus (athias-henriot) is a predatory mite widespread in the mediterranean region considered to be important for the biological control of spider mites in citrus orchards. development, survival and reproduction of this phytoseiid mite feeding on seven commercially obtained pollen were studied under constant laboratory conditions (20 +/- 1 degrees c, rh 65 +/- 5%, photoperiod 16l: 8d h). mites were kept individually at rearing units with ample quantity of almond (prunus amygdalus bat ... | 2005 | 16082919 |
| emergence of a glomus-like body in the human yolk sac: a microanatomical analysis of its structure. | since the last decade the yolk sac (ys) has been a topic of increasing interest due to the growing use of high-resolution sonography in early determination of pregnancy. human ys shape and diameter are indicators of viability of pregnancy during the early embryonic period. nevertheless, the major interest concerns the vital function it plays in early embryo growth and development. two compartments are recognized in this organ: the yolk sac proper and the vitelline stalk. in this study we report ... | 2005 | 16101035 |
| evaluation of some biological parameters of opuntia ficus indica. 1. influence of a seed oil supplemented diet on rats. | cactus pear (opuntia ficus indica) is native to tunisia and the fruit is consumed exclusively as fresh fruit. the seed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids but the nutritive value of the oil is unknown. the objective of our research was to determine the fatty acid content of cactus pear seed oil and to evaluate the effect of an oil supplemented diet on rats. the main fatty acids of prickly pear seed oil were c16:0, c18:0, c18:1, c18:2 with an exceptional level of linoleic acid, up to 700 g ... | 2006 | 16129601 |
| cactus pear: a natural product in cancer chemoprevention. | cancer chemoprevention is a new approach in cancer prevention, in which chemical agents are used to prevent cancer in normal and/or high-risk populations. although chemoprevention has shown promise in some epithelial cancers, currently available preventive agents are limited and the agents are costly, generally with side effects. natural products, such as grape seed, green tea, and certain herbs have demonstrated anti-cancer effects. to find a natural product that can be used in chemoprevention ... | 2005 | 16150152 |
| morphological characteristics of submandibular glands of miniature pig. | miniature pig (minipig) is increasingly used as a large animal model for a variety of biomedical studies. little information is available in the literature on anatomy, histology and sialograghy of the submandibular gland of the minipig. the purpose of this study was to characterize the morphology of a miniature pig's (minipig) submandibular gland as a large animal model for further biomedical studies. | 2005 | 16157032 |
| induction of defense responses against alternaria rot by different elicitors in harvested pear fruit. | pear fruit (pyrus pyrifolia l. cv. yali) treated by different elicitors, such as salicylic acid (sa), oxalic acid, calcium chloride, and antagonistic yeast cryptococcus laurentii, were investigated to determine the induction of defense responses. the possible mechanism by which elicitors induced the resistance of pear fruit against postharvest disease was also evaluated. the results indicated that all the elicitors could significantly enhance defense-related enzyme activities, such as beta-1,3-g ... | 2006 | 16158285 |
| antibacterial iminopyrrolidines from burkholderia plantarii, a bacterial pathogen of rice. | burkholderia plantarii, a bacterial pathogen on rice, produced compounds in liquid culture that gave strong inhibitory action against erwinia amylovora, the bacterium responsible for fire blight disease of apple and pear trees. the active component was hydrophilic and ionic, and was fractionated extensively by passage through sp, deae, and lh20 sephadexes. final purification was achieved by reverse phase chromatography on c(18)-bonded silica. biological activity was associated with two compounds ... | 2005 | 16172692 |
| role of host feeding niches and host refuges in habitat-related behaviour of hyssopus pallidus (hymenoptera: eulophidae), a larval parasitoid of the codling moth. | parasitoid fitness depends largely on the capability to locate a host in an ecosystem. a parasitoid of a polyphagous host might not be able to find or to access the host in all its feeding niches. this study evaluated the niche selection of hyssopus pallidus (askew), a larval parasitoid of cydia pomonella (linnaeus), at the plant level with the goal of assessing its potential for biological control on different fruit crops throughout the plant cycle. parasitoid behaviour during host location and ... | 2005 | 16197563 |
| opuntia ficus indica (l.) mill. fruit juice protects liver from carbon tetrachloride-induced injury. | the protective effects of the juice of opuntia ficus indica fruit (prickly pear) against carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity were examined in rats. the animals were treated orally with the juice (3 ml/rat) 2 h after administration of the hepatotoxic agent. preventive effects were studied by giving the juice (3 ml/rat) for 9 consecutive days. on day 9 the rats received the hepatotoxic agent. morphological and biochemical evaluations were carried out 24, 48 and 72 h after inductio ... | 2005 | 16220574 |
| stability of enterocin as-48 in fruit and vegetable juices. | enterocin as-48 is a candidate bacteriocin for food biopreservation. before addressing application of as-48 to vegetable-based foods, the interaction between as-48 and vegetable food components and the stability of as-48 were studied. enterocin as-48 had variable interactions with fruit and vegetable juices, with complete, partial, or negligible loss of activity. for some juices, loss of activity was ameliorated by increasing the bacteriocin concentration, diluting the juice, or applying a heat ... | 2005 | 16245711 |
| [population dynamics of bactrocera dorsalis (diptera: tephritidae) in xishuangbanna of southern yunnan]. | in the study, an all year round monitoring through lure-traps in 1997, 2000 and 2003 was conducted on the population dynamics of oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis (diptera: tephritidae) in xishuangbanna of southern yunnan, and the factors in relation with its population fluctuation, including temperature, rainfall, and host species were analyzed. the fruit fly occurred year-round in xishuangbanna, with a low population level from november to february, and increased steadily from march to j ... | 2005 | 16252878 |
| molecular genetics of erwinia amylovora involved in the development of fire blight. | the bacterial plant pathogen, erwinia amylovora, causes the devastating disease known as fire blight in some rosaceous plants like apple, pear, quince, raspberry and several ornamentals. knowledge of the factors affecting the development of fire blight has mushroomed in the last quarter century. on the molecular level, genes encoding a hrp type iii secretion system, genes encoding enzymes involved in synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides and genes facilitating the growth of e. amylovora in ... | 2005 | 16253442 |
| telonema antarcticum sp. nov., a common marine phagotrophic flagellate. | telonema is a widely distributed group of phagotrophic flagellates with two known members. in this study, the structural identity and molecular phylogeny of telonema antarcticum was investigated and a valid description is proposed. molecular phylogeny was studied using small-subunit rrna (ssu rrna) gene sequences. the pear-shaped cell had two subequal flagella that emerged laterally on the truncated antapical tail. one flagellum had tripartite hairs. the cell was naked, but had subsurface vesicl ... | 2005 | 16280533 |
| [relationship between pollen allergy and oral allergy syndrome]. | we recently evaluated the relationship between pollen allergy and oral and pharyngeal hypersensitivity to fruits and vegetables (oral allergy syndrome) over 8 years (1995 approximately 2002) in sapporo. 1. of 843 patients with birch pollen (bp) allergy (cap score 2 or more), 378 patients (37%) had episodes of oral allergy syndrome (oas), and the rate in bp allergy was higher than in other allergies. 2. in patients with bp allergy, the most frequent foods causing oas were apple, peach and cherry, ... | 2005 | 16285612 |
| identification of erwinia amylovora genes induced during infection of immature pear tissue. | the enterobacterium erwinia amylovora is a devastating plant pathogen causing necrotrophic fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other rosaceous plants. in this study, we used a modified in vivo expression technology system to identify e. amylovora genes that are activated during infection of immature pear tissue, a process that requires the major pathogenicity factors of this organism. we identified 394 unique pear fruit-induced (pfi) genes on the basis of sequence similarity to known genes a ... | 2005 | 16291682 |
| reliability of diagnostic techniques for erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight disease. | a total of 20 putative strains of erwinia amylovora originating from 11 samples of host plants with symptoms of fire blight were analyzed in detail using commercial polyclonal antibodies in immunochemical tests. fourteen strains reacted negatively in all tests; 6 strains reacted positively with a polyclonal antibody for pta-elisa (plate-trapped antigen-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) at a concentration corresponding to a620 = 0.1, while at a620 readings of 0.01 and 0.001 the results were nega ... | 2005 | 16295660 |
| the use of green fluorescent protein (gfp) improves agrobacterium-mediated transformation of 'spadona' pear (pyrus communis l.). | an efficient and reproducible system for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the pear (pyrus communis l.) cultivar spadona was developed. leaf explants of in vitro propagated plants were cocultivated with the disarmed agrobacterium strain eha105 harboring the plasmid pme504, carrying the uida-intron and nptii genes. under selective conditions, 5% of the plantlets regenerated and were positively stained for gus. however, most of the gus-positive plants re-callused and subsequently died, leav ... | 2006 | 16328389 |
| mass spectrometric detection and formation of d-amino acids in processed plant saps, syrups, and fruit juice concentrates. | liquid and syrupy dietary saps and juices of plant origin, characterized by the presence of large quantities of saccharides (glucose, fructose, or sucrose) and containing amino acids, were analyzed for the presence of d-amino acids using enantioselective gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. d-amino acids were detected in processed saps and juices of trees (maple, palm, birch), fruits (grape, apple, pear, pomegranate, date), and various other plants (agave, beetroot, sugar cane, carob). d-ala wa ... | 2005 | 16332121 |
| molecular characterization of a putative protein disulfide isomerase from babesia caballi. | we produced a mab against the babesia caballi extracellular merozoite termed mab 2h2 and used it to screen a cdna expression library prepared from b. caballi merozoite mrna for highly expressed proteins. the complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene had 1547 nucleotides and contained a 36-nucleotide intron. the 1398 nucleotide open reading frame predicts a 51 kda protein showing similarity to protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) from other species. the pdi gene had a predicted n-terminal sign ... | 2005 | 16336731 |
| simultaneous detection and identification of four pome fruit viruses by one-tube pentaplex rt-pcr. | a pentaplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (pentaplex rt-pcr) in a single tube was developed for the simultaneous detection of the pome fruit viruses: apple stem pitting virus (aspv), apple stem grooving virus (asgv), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) and apple mosaic virus (apmv). this is the first report of the simultaneous detection of all four viruses and host mrna as an internal specific control. pentaplex rt-pcr was applied successfully throughout the year, using dif ... | 2006 | 16337013 |
| effect of increased beta-glucosidase activity on virulence of erwinia amylovora. | plant tissues often contain beta-glucosides that can be enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce toxic aglycones. it has been suggested that the low beta-glucosidase activity found in erwinia amylovora contributes to bacterial virulence by allowing the bacteria to infect plants that contain beta-glucosides without inducing the formation of toxic aglycones. to test this suggestion, we created strains of e. amylovora which had high beta-glucosidase activities and studied the ability of these strains to ... | 1987 | 16347316 |
| identification of erwinia amylovora, the fireblight pathogen, by colony hybridization with dna from plasmid pea29. | all strains of erwinia amylovora characterized carry a medium-size plasmid of 29 kilobases (pea29). we mapped this plasmid with various restriction enzymes, cloned the whole dna into an escherichia coli plasmid, and subcloned restriction fragments. these dna species were used for identification of e. amylovora after handling of strains in the laboratory and also in field isolates. about 70 strains of e. amylovora and 24 strains from nine other species, mainly found in plant habitats, were checke ... | 1988 | 16347778 |
| nuclear ribosomal dna as a probe for genetic variability in the japanese pear pathotype of alternaria alternata. | a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of nuclear ribosomal rna genes (rdna) was used to measure the amount and distribution of genetic variability in populations of the japanese pear pathotype of alternaria alternata on both micro- and macrogeographical scales. a total of 322 isolates were obtained from 13 areas in aichi, gifu, and tottori prefectures in central and western japan. the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that the pathogen populations contained ... | 1993 | 16349060 |
| chlorine dioxide for reduction of postharvest pathogen inoculum during handling of tree fruits. | alternatives to hypochlorous acid and fungicides are needed for treatment of fruit and fruit-handling facilities. chlorine dioxide was evaluated and found effective against common postharvest decay fungi and against filamentous fungi occurring on fruit packinghouse surfaces. in vitro tests with conidial or sporangiospore suspensions of botrytis cinerea, penicillium expansum, mucor piriformis, and cryptosporiopsis perennans demonstrated >99% spore mortality within 1 min when the fungi were expose ... | 1994 | 16349354 |
| microbial response to drought in a texas highplains shortgrass prairie. | the population of the microbial flora of a mixed blue gramma grass (bouteloua gracilis h. b. k.) and prickly pear (opuntia polyacantha haw.) prairie near amarillo, texas, was studied during 1971 after a severe drought. bacteria, fungi, and algae were estimated by plate count and terminal dilution procedures. rates of grass and paper decomposition were determined. the microbial flora of soil associated with bovine-grazed grass did not differ significantly from the flora associated with ungrazed g ... | 1974 | 16350005 |
| short report: molecular cloning and characterization of a putative binding protein of babesia caballi. | a composite 2,206 nucleotide dna sequence encoding a putative immunoglobulin-binding protein (bip) was constructed from a sequence obtained from babesia caballi cdna library clones. the 1,962 nucleotide open reading frame predicts a 72 kd protein with extensive homology with bips from apicomplexa parasites. the bip gene had a predicted n-terminal signal sequence of 18 amino acids and a c-terminal tetrapeptide sequence (ser-asp-glu-leu) for signaling in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. the recomb ... | 2005 | 16354826 |
| interventions for preventing or treating alcohol hangover: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. | to assess the clinical evidence on the effectiveness of any medical intervention for preventing or treating alcohol hangover. | 2005 | 16373736 |
| in vitro effects of crotalus durissus terrificus and bothrops jararaca venoms on giardia duodenalis trophozoites. | considering the snake venoms' pharmacological properties and chemotherapeutic potential as well as the need for new alternatives for giardia infection treatment, the present study was carried out aiming to evaluate the in vitro effects of crude crotalus durissus terrificus and bothrops jararaca venoms on the growth and adherence of giardia duodenalis trophozoites. trophozoites (10(6)) were exposed to serial twofold dilutions of c. durissus terrificus and b. jararaca venoms that ranged from 3.125 ... | 2006 | 16378220 |
| biochemical and nutritional characterization of three prickly pear species with different ripening behavior. | biochemical and nutritional changes were studied during the ripening process of three opuntia morphospecies with different ripening behavior: naranjona (o. ficus-indica), blanca cristalina (opuntia sp.), and esmeralda (opuntia sp.) of early, early-intermediate, and intermediate-late ripening, respectively. in loss of fresh weight, naranjona showed the highest values, while in blanca cristalina and esmeralda, a discrete weight loss was found. no significant differences were found among morphospec ... | 2005 | 16395631 |
| phacidiopycnis washingtonensis--a new species associated with pome fruits from washington state. | a new species of phacidiopycnis associated with pome fruits is described. the fungus causes fruit rot on apples during storage and is associated with a twig dieback and canker disease of crabapple trees and dead twigs of pear trees. to characterize the biology of the fungus and compare it with ph. piri, the type species of the genus, effects of nine media and light on mycelial growth and pycnidial production, mycelial growth in response to temperature and mode of conidial germination in response ... | 2005 | 16396354 |
| pre-clinical validation of a new intra-operative "dual beam doppler" blood flowmeter in an artificial circuit. | intra-operative flow measurement during coronary or peripheral bypass operations is helpful for ruling out technical failures and for prediction of complication and patency rates. preclinical validation of the flowmeters is required in order to rely on the intra-operatively measured results. the aim of this study is to evaluate a new "dual beam doppler" blood flowmeter before clinical application and to compare it with the established "transit time flow measure-ment" technique in an artificial c ... | 2006 | 16401535 |
| parasites of the squirrel sciurus spadiceus (rodentia: sciuridae) from amazonian brasil, with particular reference to eimeria damnosa n. sp. (apicompiexa: eimeriidae). | a description is given of the mature oocysts and endogenous stages of eimeria damnosa n. sp. from the small intestine of the red squirrel, sciurus spadiceus, from the state of acre, north brazil. ten of 12 animals examined were infected. oocysts ovoid to ellipsoidal, occasionally cylindrical but not with parallel sides, 30.2 x 20.0 microm (18.0 x 15.0-40.2 x 30.0), shape-index (ratio length/width) 1.5 (1.3-1.8), n = 40. oocyst wall smooth, colourless, with no micropyle, apparently of a single la ... | 2005 | 16402562 |
| gorham-stout syndrome: a monocyte-mediated cytokine propelled disease. | we studied the biological features and the immunophenotype of a cell culture established from the lesion of soft tissues of a woman affected by gorham-stout syndrome. we found that these cells belonged to a monocytic lineage with some characteristics of immature osteoclasts and were able to release large amounts of osteoclastogenic and angiogenic molecules that may contribute to disease progression. | 2006 | 16418776 |
| in vitro effects of propolis on giardia duodenalis trophozoites. | in order to improve the current chemotherapy of giardia infection, potential antigiardial agents have been screened, including natural products. propolis, a resinous hive product collected by bees, has attracted attention as a useful and popular substance with several therapeutic activities. the present study was carried out aiming to evaluate the in vitro effects of an ethanolic extract of propolis on the growth and adherence of giardia duodenalis trophozoites. propolis inhibited the growth of ... | 2006 | 16428024 |
| effects of the plant growth regulator, chlormequat, on mammalian fertility. | this paper summarizes the consequences of exposure to chlormequat, a plant growth regulator, on reproduction in mammals. plant growth regulators are chemicals used to manipulate plant growth, flowering and fruit yield. in grain crops, plant growth regulators are applied to promote sturdier growth and reduce the risk of lodging. chlormequat is the most common plant growth regulator. maximum residue limits of chlormequat in food products are 10 mg/kg in oat and pear, 3 mg/kg in wheat and rye, and ... | 2006 | 16466532 |
| gorham disease: an intraoperative case study. | gorham disease is a rare chronic disorder that is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of thin-walled capillaries and small lymphatic vessels that results in the massive osteolysis of adjacent bone. clinical manifestations are determined by the area of involvement, which may include the chest and ribs. the case presented involves a 47-year-old man with gorham disease complicated by unilateral chylothorax who was treated with thoracic duct ligation. the anesthetic implications associated w ... | 2006 | 16483068 |
| probiotic cheese production using lactobacillus casei cells immobilized on fruit pieces. | lactobacillus casei cells were immobilized on fruit (apple and pear) pieces and the immobilized biocatalysts were used separately as adjuncts in probiotic cheese making. in parallel, cheese with free l. casei cells and cheese only from renneted milk were prepared. the produced cheeses were ripened at 4 to 6 degrees c and the effect of salting and ripening time on lactose, lactic acid, ethanol concentration, ph, and lactic acid bacteria viable counts were investigated. fat, protein, and moisture ... | 2006 | 16606715 |
| comparison of leaf beetle assemblages of deciduous trees canopies in hungary (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | the species richness and species composition of coleoptera assemblages were investigated in deciduous tree canopies in hungary. apple and pear orchards were investigated in nagykovácsi, kecskemét and sárospatak in 1990-94, and limes and maples in keszthely in 1999-2002. faunistic results and conclusions of these investigations were published elsewhere. examination of the fauna of parks, avenues and other planted urban plant stocks has only begun to occupy researchers in the last decade in hungar ... | 2005 | 16628906 |
| eimeria species from the european pond turtle, emys orbicularis (reptilia: testudines), in galicia (nw spain), with description of two new species. | parasitological examination of feces from 44 emys orbicularis from galicia (nw spain) revealed the presence of 2 new eimerian species, eimeria gallaeciaensis sp. n. and e. emydis sp. n., as well as e. mitraria (laveran and mesnil, 1902) doflein, 1909. oocysts of e. gallaeciaensis n. sp. were found in 20 of 44 (45.4%) turtles and are subspherical to lightly ovoid-ellipsoid, 19.3 x 16.0 (17-22 x 15-18) microm, shape index 1.2 (1.1-1.3), with a smooth, single-layered wall. micropyle and polar granu ... | 2006 | 16629318 |
| characterization of erwinia amylovora strains from different host plants using repetitive-sequences pcr analysis, and restriction fragment length polymorphism and short-sequence dna repeats of plasmid pea29. | the three main aims of the study were the assessment of the genetic relationship between a deviating erwinia amylovora strain isolated from amelanchier sp. (maloideae) grown in canada and other strains from maloideae and rosoideae, the investigation of the variability of the psti fragment of the pea29 plasmid using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis and the determination of the number of short-sequence dna repeats (ssr) by dna sequence analysis in representative strains. | 2006 | 16630009 |
| plasmodium rhoptries: how things went pear-shaped. | plasmodium parasites have three sets of specialised secretory organelles at the apical end of their invasive forms--rhoptries, micronemes and dense granules. the contents of these organelles are responsible for or contribute to host cell invasion and modification, and at least four apical proteins are leading vaccine candidates. given the unusual nature of plasmodium invasion, it is not surprising that unique proteins are involved in this process. nowhere is this more evident than in rhoptries. ... | 2006 | 16635585 |
| a new post-harvest fungicide to control fruit rot on apple and pear. | philabuster is a new post-harvest fungicide developed by janssen pharmaceutica n.v.. it provides an advanced mould control by post-harvest treatments of citrus and pome fruit. the product is formulated as a stable suspension concentrate intended for dilution in water before use. philabuster 400 sc contains 200 g/l imazalil and 200 g/l pyrimethanil. both active ingredients have a different single site mode of action. imazalil inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis (dmi), whereas pyrimethanil interferes ... | 2005 | 16637162 |
| detection and epidemiological characteristics of peach latent mosaic viroid in tunisia. | a rapid and sensitive assay was developed for the detection and identification of peach latent mosaic viroid (plmvd) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in infected tissues from tunisian orchards. the test was initially performed by using total rna preparations from selected isolates and then applied on total rna preparations from leaf or bark tissues of fruit trees collected in 2003 in 20 orchards in the north of tunisia and the sahel. plmvd occurred in peach and pear tr ... | 2005 | 16637166 |
| natural and complementary therapies for substance use disorders. | to review recent studies that have examined the efficacy of natural and complementary therapies as treatments for substance use disorders and their complications. | 2005 | 16639151 |
| isolation, purification, and characterization of an endogenous root-promoting factor obtained from basal sections of pear hardwood cuttings. | basal segments taken from old home and bartlett pear hardwood cuttings collected at intervals during the rooting period in september were extracted with ethanol and fractionated by paper chromatography in different solvent systems. different zones on the chromatograms were bioassayed by the mung bean rooting test, which showed high levels of promotion in old home basal extracts when the cuttings were obtained during the period of maximum rooting. extracts from bartlett cuttings, however, showed ... | 1967 | 16656535 |
| ultrastructural changes in the cell walls of ripening apple and pear fruit. | ultrastructural changes in the cell walls of "calville de san sauveur" apples (malus sylvestris mill) and "spadona" pear (pyrus communis l.) fruit were followed during ripening. in apple, structural alterations in cell walls became apparent at advanced stages of softening and showed predominantly dissolution of the middle lamella. in pears softening was also associated with the dissolution of the middle lamella, and in addition a gradual disintegration of fibrillar material throughout the cell w ... | 1979 | 16660931 |
| cell wall metabolism in ripening fruit : iii. purification of an endo-beta-1,4-xylanase that degrades a structural polysaccharide of pear fruit cell walls. | a beta-1,4-xylanase has been purified from the mixture of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes found in a commercial preparation from cultures of trichoderma viride. purification from the desalted enzyme mixture is accomplished either by preparative isoelectric focusing or in two-column chromatographic steps. the xylanase has maximal activity at ph 5.0 and a molecular weight of approximately 13,000 daltons. the enzyme loses activity when heated to above 45 degrees c. the xylanase degrades xylans from ... | 1983 | 16663064 |
| activity of trans-2-hexenal against penicillium expansum in 'conference' pears. | to investigate the effects of trans-2-hexenal on blue mould disease, patulin content and fruit quality in 'conference' pears. | 2006 | 16696666 |
| histopathological effects induced by paraquat during xenopus laevis primary myogenesis. | the oxidative agent paraquat induced tail abnormalities during xenopus laevis development. specimens exposed from blastula to the tadpole stage revealed pear-shaped myocytes and irregular intersomitic boundaries. the histological feature of the axial musculature was evaluated in embryos sampled at significant stages of the primary myogenesis. during the somitogenesis pq-treated embryos showed normal appearing myotomes, but reduced pas activity in the post-rotating myotomal cells, and myoblasts w ... | 2006 | 16712890 |
| expansion of the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apples based on analysis of ribosomal dna gene sequences and morphology. | sooty blotch and flyspeck (sbfs) is a late-season disease of apple and pear fruit that cosmetically damages the cuticle, resulting in produce that is unacceptable to consumers. previous studies reported that four species of fungi comprise the sbfs complex. we examined fungal morphology and the internal transcriber spacer (its) and large subunit (lsu) regions of rdna of 422 fungal isolates within the sbfs complex from nine orchards in four midwestern states (usa) and compared them to previously i ... | 2005 | 16722219 |
| determination of free amino compounds in betalainic fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. | amino acids and amines are the precursors of betalains. therefore, the profiles of free amino compounds in juices obtained from cactus pears [opuntia ficus-indica (l.) mill. cv. bianca, cv. gialla, and cv. rossa], pitaya fruits [selenicereus megalanthus (k. schumann ex vaupel) moran, hylocereus polyrhizus (weber) britton & rose, and hylocereus undatus (haworth) britton & rose], and in extracts from differently colored swiss chard [beta vulgaris l. ssp. cicla (l.) alef. cv. bright lights] petiole ... | 2006 | 16756361 |
| the erwinia amylovora avrrpt2ea gene contributes to virulence on pear and avrrpt2ea is recognized by arabidopsis rps2 when expressed in pseudomonas syringae. | the enterobacterium erwinia amylovora is a devastating plant pathogen causing necrotrophic fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other rosaceous plants. in an attempt to identify genes induced during infection of host plants, we identified and cloned a putative effector gene, avrrpt2ea. the deduced amino-acid sequence of the translated avrrpt2ea protein is homologous to the effector protein avrrpt2 previously reported in pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. these two proteins share 58% identity (7 ... | 2006 | 16776298 |
| myxobolus cuneus n. sp. (myxosporea) infecting the connective tissue of piaractus mesopotamicus (pisces: characidae) in brazil: histopathology and ultrastructure. | the characteristics of myxobolus cuneus n. sp. and its relationship to the host piaractus mesopotamicus are described based on light and electron microscopy and histological observations. polysporic plasmodia measuring 20 microm to 2.1 mm in size were found in 63.3 % of the p. mesopotamicus examined. the parasite was found in the gall bladder, urinary bladder, gills, spleen, fins, head surface, liver and heart. generative cells and disporoblastic pansporoblasts occurred along the periphery of th ... | 2006 | 16800122 |
| some toxicological studies of momordica charantia l. on albino rats in normal and alloxan diabetic rats. | momordica charantia l. (mc) (cucurbitaceae) commonly known as balsam pear, bitter gourd or karela, used in several purposes in traditional medicine is an important medicinal plant. two sets of experiments were carried out, the first experiment indicated that the ld(50) for mc juice and alcoholic extracts were 91.9 and 362.34 mg/100g b.wt., respectively, of subcutaneously "s.c." injected mice. the toxic signs were recorded within the first 24 h post-injection. the second experiment was performed ... | 2006 | 16815658 |
| genetic mapping of the pear scab resistance gene vnk of japanese pear cultivar kinchaku. | pear scab (caused by venturia nashicola) is one of the most harmful diseases of pears, especially japanese and chinese pear species. the molecular identification and early selection of resistant plants could greatly improve pear breeding. we have identified the position of the scab resistance gene, designated vnk in an indigenous japanese pear cultivar kinchaku, within the pear genome by using simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers derived from pear and apple. the position of vnk was identified in ... | 2006 | 16838137 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oils on salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, and listeria innocua in fruit juices. | the antimicrobial properties of essential oils (eos) and their derivatives have been known for years. however, the information published about the minimal effective concentration of eos against microorganisms in fruit juices is scarce. in this study, both mic and mbc of six eos (lemongrass, cinnamon, geraniol, palmarosa, or benzaldehyde) against salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, and listeria innocua were determined by the agar and broth dilution methods, respectively. all of the six eos ... | 2006 | 16865889 |
| effect of different fermentation conditions on the kinetic parameters and production of volatile compounds during the elaboration of a prickly pear distilled beverage. | an experimental design considering thermal treatment of must, yeast strain, prickly pear variety and degree of ripeness was chosen to evaluate the fermentation behavior and generation of volatile compounds, during the elaboration of a distilled beverage from prickly pear. four mexican prickly pear varieties were characterized physically and two of them were selected for fermentation studies. the thermal treatment of the must showed the highest statistical influence on fermentation behavior and p ... | 2006 | 16915396 |
| anatomical basics and variations of the scapula in turkish adults. | to analyze the anatomical basis of the scapula, acromion, os acromiale, coracoid process, coraco-acromial arch, and glenoid cavity in turkish adults. | 2006 | 16951766 |
| genetic differences between blight-causing erwinia species with differing host specificities, identified by suppression subtractive hybridization. | pcr-based subtractive hybridization was used to isolate sequences from erwinia amylovora strain ea110, which is pathogenic on apples and pears, that were not present in three closely related strains with differing host specificities: e. amylovora mr1, which is pathogenic only on rubus spp.; erwinia pyrifoliae ep1/96, the causal agent of shoot blight of asian pears; and erwinia sp. strain ejp556, the causal agent of bacterial shoot blight of pear in japan. in total, six subtractive libraries were ... | 2006 | 16963554 |
| phenolic acids in berries, fruits, and beverages. | the contents of soluble and total phenolic acids were analyzed in samples of 29 berries and berry products, 24 fruits and fruit peels, and 12 beverages. variation of phenolic acids in berries was also studied. soluble phenolic acids were extracted with methanolic acetic acid, and a tentative quantification was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the total phenolic acid content was determined by hplc after alkaline and acid hydrolyses. the content of total phenolic acids a ... | 2006 | 16968082 |
| composting is an effective treatment option for sanitization of phytophthora ramorum-infected plant material. | to determine the effects of heat and composting treatments on the viability of the plant pathogen phytophthora ramorum grown on both artificial and various natural substrates. | 2006 | 16968293 |
| anatomical development of the fetal uterus. | the objective of this study was to gather data on the morphology of the uterus during its development, to provide detailed information regarding the neighboring structures and its variations using anatomical dissections. | 2007 | 17045762 |
| cutaneous lymphatic malformations in disappearing bone (gorham-stout) disease: a novel clue to the pathogenesis of a rare syndrome. | gorham-stout disease is an unusual, progressive syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by mono- or polyostotic osteolysis most often affecting children and young adults. the onset is insidious and the disease progresses to extensive and potentially disabling osteolysis often unresponsive to therapeutic intervention. although bone and soft tissue lesions are the most frequent manifestations of gorham-stout disease, skin lesions can occur and may provide a clue to the pathogenesis of this rare ... | 2007 | 17097379 |
| crystal structure of the human carboxypeptidase n (kininase i) catalytic domain. | human carboxypeptidase n (cpn), a member of the cpn/e subfamily of "regulatory" metallo-carboxypeptidases, is an extracellular glycoprotein synthesized in the liver and secreted into the blood, where it controls the activity of vasoactive peptide hormones, growth factors and cytokines by specifically removing c-terminal basic residues. normally, cpn circulates in blood plasma as a hetero-tetramer consisting of two 83 kda (cpn2) domains each flanked by a 48 to 55 kda catalytic (cpn1) domain. we h ... | 2007 | 17157876 |
| erwinia tasmaniensis sp. nov., a non-phytopathogenic bacterium from apple and pear trees. | bacteria were isolated from flowers and bark of apple and pear trees at three places in australia. in victoria, tasmania and queensland, strains with white colonies on nutrient agar were screened for dome-shaped colony morphology on agar with sucrose and were found to be closely related by several criteria. the isolates were not pathogenic on apples or pears. they were characterized by a polyphasic approach including microbiological and api assays as well as fatty acid methyl ester analysis, dna ... | 2006 | 17159002 |
| sprayable microencapsulated sex pheromone formulation for mating disruption of oriental fruit moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in australian peach and pear orchards. | areawide mating disruption treatments have been effective in controlling infestation of oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), in australian pome and stone fruit orchards. although successful, the areawide mating disruption program has been an expensive approach by using hand-applied isomate dispensers. sprayable microencapsulated (mec) pheromone formulations that can be applied with standard spray equipment could substantially reduce the cost of application. ... | 2006 | 17195672 |
| epiphytic fitness of a biological control agent of fire blight in apple and pear orchards under mediterranean weather conditions. | the behaviour of pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e was investigated in apple and pear orchards under mediterranean climatic conditions. the trials studied the influence of weather conditions, plant host species, presence of indigenous microbial community and spread from treated to nontreated trees on colonization and survival. population dynamics were assessed by real-time pcr and cfu-counting methods. with inoculated flowers, weather conditions were optimal for colonization, and eps62e established ... | 2007 | 17233751 |
| s locus f-box brothers: multiple and pollen-specific f-box genes with s haplotype-specific polymorphisms in apple and japanese pear. | although recent findings suggest that the f-box genes sfb/slf control pollen-part s specificity in the s-rnase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (gsi) system, how these genes operate in the system is unknown, and functional variation of pollen s genes in different species has been reported. here, we analyzed the s locus of two species of maloideae: apple (malus domestica) and japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). the sequencing of a 317-kb region of the apple s9 haplotype revealed two similar f ... | 2007 | 17237509 |
| pleiotropic mutations at the tup1 locus that affect the expression of mating-type-dependent functions in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the umr7-1 mutation, previously identified in a set of mutants that had been selected for defective uv-induced mutagenesis at can1, affects other cellular functions, including many of those regulated by the mating-type locus (mat) in heterothallic saccharomyces cerevisiae. the recessive umr7-1 allele, mapping approximately 20 cm distal to thr4 on chromosome iii, causes clumpy growth in both a and alpha cells and has no apparent effect on a mating functions. however, alpha umr7 meiotic segregants ... | 1980 | 17249022 |