| phylogenetic analysis of feline coronavirus strains in an epizootic outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis. | feline coronavirus (fcov) infection is common. in a small percentage of cats, fcov infection is associated with the fatal disease feline infectious peritonitis (fip). genetically distinct virulent and avirulent strains of fcov might coexist within a cat population. | 2016 | 23517431 |
| samples with high virus load cause a trend toward lower signal in feline coronavirus antibody tests. | measurement of feline coronavirus (fcov) antibody titres is utilised mainly for diagnosing feline infectious peritonitis (fip) and for quarantine purposes. however, occasional samples show a falsely low or negative fcov antibody test. we tested the hypothesis that such results are due to virus in the sample binding antibody and rendering it unavailable to antigen in the test. thirteen effusions, one plasma and three undefined samples from cats with fip, which gave unexpectedly low fcov antibody ... | 2013 | 23220869 |
| intrahost diversity of feline coronavirus: a consensus between the circulating virulent/avirulent strains and the internal mutation hypotheses? | to evaluate the most controversial issue concerning current feline coronavirus (fcov) virology, the coexisting hypotheses of the intrahost and interhost origins of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) in regard to the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip), this study aimed to assess the molecular diversity of the membrane gene fcovs in 190 samples from 10 cats with signs of fip and in 5 faecal samples from cats without signs of fip. all samples from the non-fip cats and 25.26 ... | 2013 | 23589704 |
| positive immunostaining for feline infectious peritonitis (fip) in a sphinx cat with cutaneous lesions and bilateral panuveitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a common, fatal, systemic disease of cats. this case report describes the antemortem diagnosis of fip in a 2-year-old spayed female sphinx cat that presented with a bilateral panuveitis and multiple papular cutaneous lesions. histopathologically, the skin lesions were characterized by perivascular infiltrates of macrophages, neutrophils, with fewer plasma cells, mast cells, and small lymphocytes in the mid- to deep dermis. immunohistochemistry for intracell ... | 2013 | 23607772 |
| effect of chloroquine on feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a feline coronavirus-induced fatal disease in domestic and wild cats. several studies have investigated potential treatments for fip. however, there have been no reports on agents that have exhibited a therapeutic effect. recently, chloroquine has been reported to antiviral effect. we investigated whether chloroquine can be used to treat fip in vitro and in vivo. it was demonstrated that chloroquine has inhibitory effect against the replication of fipv and ... | 2013 | 23648708 |
| detection of ascitic feline coronavirus rna from cats with clinically suspected feline infectious peritonitis. | ascitic feline coronavirus (fcov) rna was examined in 854 cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis (fip) by rt-pcr. the positivity was significantly higher in purebreds (62.2%) than in crossbreds (34.8%) (p<0.0001). among purebreds, the positivities in the norwegian forest cat (92.3%) and scottish fold (77.6%) were significantly higher than the average of purebreds (p=0.0274 and 0.0251, respectively). the positivity was significantly higher in males (51.5%) than in females (35.7%) (p<0. ... | 2013 | 23719724 |
| immunocytochemical demonstration of feline infectious peritonitis virus within cerebrospinal fluid macrophages. | a 4-month-old female entire domestic shorthair cat presented with an acute onset of blindness, tetraparesis and subsequent generalised seizure activity. haematology and serum biochemistry demonstrated a moderate, poorly regenerative anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and hyperglobulinaemia with a low albumin:globulin ratio. serology for feline coronavirus antibody was positive with an elevated alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. analysis of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (csf) demonstrated markedly elevated protei ... | 2013 | 23744728 |
| mutation in spike protein cleavage site and pathogenesis of feline coronavirus. | feline coronaviruses (fcov) exist as 2 biotypes: feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). fecv causes subclinical infections; fipv causes feline infectious peritonitis (fip), a systemic and fatal disease. it is thought that mutations in fecv enable infection of macrophages, causing fip. however, the molecular basis for this biotype switch is unknown. we examined a furin cleavage site in the region between receptor-binding (s1) and fusion (s2) domains of t ... | 2013 | 23763835 |
| an outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis in a taiwanese shelter: epidemiologic and molecular evidence for horizontal transmission of a novel type ii feline coronavirus. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal disease caused by feline coronavirus (fcov) infection. fcov can be divided into serotypes i and ii. the virus that causes fip (fipv) is believed to occur sporadically and spread infrequently from cat to cat. recently, an fip outbreak from an animal shelter was confirmed in taiwan. fcov from all the cats in this shelter were analyzed to determine the epidemiology of this outbreak. thirteen of 46 (28.2%) cats with typical signs of fip were identified. ... | 2013 | 23865689 |
| single particle assay of coronavirus membrane fusion with proteinaceous receptor-embedded supported bilayers. | total internal reflection microscopy combined with microfluidics and supported bilayers is a powerful, single particle tracking (spt) platform for host-pathogen membrane fusion studies. but one major inadequacy of this platform has been capturing the complexity of the cell membrane, including membrane proteins. because of this, viruses requiring proteinaceous receptors, or other unknown cellular co-factors, have been precluded from study. here we describe a general method to integrate proteinace ... | 2013 | 23886734 |
| diagnostic utility of aqueocentesis and aqueous humor analysis in dogs and cats with anterior uveitis. | to evaluate diagnostic utility of aqueous humor analysis in animals with anterior uveitis. | 2014 | 23910096 |
| establishment of feline intestinal epithelial cell cultures for the propagation and study of feline enteric coronaviruses. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is the most feared infectious cause of death in cats, induced by feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). this coronavirus is a virulent mutant of the harmless, ubiquitous feline enteric coronavirus (fecv). to date, feline coronavirus (fcov) research has been hampered by the lack of susceptible cell lines for the propagation of serotype i fcovs. in this study, long-term feline intestinal epithelial cell cultures were established from primary ileocytes and c ... | 2013 | 23964891 |
| comparative sequence analysis of full-length genome of fipv at different tissue passage levels. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), an alpha coronavirus, is the causative agent of a fatal immune mediated disease in cats. it is currently unclear if this virus circulates in the field or develops in felines that are infected with feline enteric coronavirus. to better understand the genomic changes associated with viral adaptation, we sequenced the complete genomes of fipv wsu 79-1146 at different tissue passage levels: passage 1, passage 8, and passage 50 tissue culture. twenty-one am ... | 2013 | 23996606 |
| 3c protein of feline coronavirus inhibits viral replication independently of the autophagy pathway. | feline coronavirus (fcov) can cause either asymptomatic enteric infection or fatal peritonitis in cats. although the mutation of fcov accessory gene 3c has been suggested to be related to the occurrence of feline infectious peritonitis (fip), how the 3c protein is involved in this phenomenon remains unknown. to investigate the role of the 3c protein, a full-length 3c gene was transiently expressed and the cytoplasmic distribution of the protein was found to be primarily in the perinuclear region ... | 2013 | 24050534 |
| diagnostic utility of a direct immunofluorescence test to detect feline coronavirus antigen in macrophages in effusive feline infectious peritonitis. | the antemortem diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) remains challenging in clinical practice, since current testing methods have suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. immunohistochemical testing of biopsy specimens and postmortem examination are the standard diagnostic methods, although direct immunofluorescence (dif) testing to detect feline coronavirus in macrophages in effusion specimens has been reported to have 100% specificity and has been recommended as an antemortem confirmatory te ... | 2013 | 24076123 |
| molecular detection of viral agents in free-ranging and captive neotropical felids in brazil. | we describe molecular testing for felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (cppv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), alphacoronavirus 1 (feline coronavirus [fcov]), feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) in whole blood samples of 109 free-ranging and 68 captive neotropical felids from brazil. samples from 2 jaguars ( panthera onca) and 1 oncilla ( leopardus tigrinus) were positive for fhv-1; 2 jaguars, 1 puma ( puma conc ... | 2017 | 28677421 |
| generation, characterization and therapeutic potential of anti-feline tnf-alpha mabs for feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a lethal infectious disease affecting domestic and wild cats. several reports suggested that tnf-alpha is related to the progression of fip. thus, the administration of a feline tnf-alpha-neutralizing antibody to cats with fip may reduce the disease progression. in this study, we have prepared nine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize feline tnf-alpha. all mabs neutralized recombinant tnf-alpha. the 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic50) of the mabs fo ... | 2013 | 24095161 |
| bartonella henselae as a cause of acute-onset febrile illness in cats. | at different time points spanning 6 months, three adopted feral flea-infested cats, residing in the household of a veterinary technician, became acutely anorexic, lethargic and febrile. enrichment blood culture/pcr using bartonella alpha proteobacteria growth medium (bapgm) confirmed initial infection with the same bartonella henselae genotype in all three cases. with the exception of anemia and neutropenia, complete blood counts, serum biochemical profiles and urinalysis results were within ref ... | 2017 | 28491382 |
| rapid and sensitive insulated isothermal pcr for point-of-need feline leukaemia virus detection. | objectives feline leukaemia virus (felv), a gamma retrovirus, causes diseases of the feline haematopoietic system that are invariably fatal. rapid and accurate testing at the point-of-need (pon) supports prevention of virus spread and management of clinical disease. this study evaluated the performance of an insulated isothermal pcr (iipcr) that detects proviral dna, and a reverse transcription (rt)-iipcr that detects both viral rna and proviral dna, for felv detection at the pon. methods mycopl ... | 2017 | 28589743 |
| peptides corresponding to the predicted heptad repeat 2 domain of the feline coronavirus spike protein are potent inhibitors of viral infection. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a lethal immune-mediated disease caused by feline coronavirus (fcov). currently, no therapy with proven efficacy is available. in searching for agents that may prove clinically effective against fcov infection, five analogous overlapping peptides were designed and synthesized based on the putative heptad repeat 2 (hr2) sequence of the spike protein of fcov, and the antiviral efficacy was evaluated. | 2013 | 24312629 |
| evaluation of protective efficacy of the synthetic peptide vaccine containing the t-helper 1 epitope with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide against feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in cats. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a feline coronavirus-induced fatal disease in domestic and wild cats. cellular immunity is considered to play an important role in the prevention of fip. thus, induction of the cellular immune response is essential in vaccines against fip virus (fipv) infection. | 2014 | 24458025 |
| recombinant feline coronaviruses as vaccine candidates confer protection in spf but not in conventional cats. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is a major pathogen of felidae. despite the extensive efforts taken in the past decades, development of the "ideal" live attenuated fipv vaccine was not successful yet. in the present study, we provide data of immunisation experiments with a recombinant fcov pair differing only in the truncation (pbfipv-df-2) or completion (pbfipv-df-2-r3i) of their orf3abc regions. in our previous in vivo studies, these viruses proved to show the characters of low viru ... | 2014 | 24513277 |
| use of recombinant nucleocapsid proteins for serological diagnosis of feline coronavirus infection by three immunochromatographic tests. | three types of immunochromatographic assays (icas) were designed to detect anti-feline coronavirus (fcov) antibodies. recombinant fcov nucleocapsid protein (rnp) was used as a conjugate or test line in all 3 ica kits (cjigg/tnp, cjnp/tnp, and cjnp/tpa). all three ica kits were capable of detecting anti-fcov antibodies; however, non-specific positive reactions of anti-fcov antibody-negative plasma samples with the test line were observed in 2 ica kits (cjigg/tnp and cjnp/tnp), in which rnp was us ... | 2013 | 24513291 |
| use of recombinant nucleocapsid proteins for serological diagnosis offeline coronavirus infection by three immunochromatographic tests. | three types of immunochromatographic assays (icas) were designed to detect anti-feline coronavirus (fcov) antibodies. recombinant fcov nucleocapsid protein (rnp) was used as a conjugate or test line in all 3 ica kits (cjigg/tnp, cjnp/tnp, and cjnp/tpa). all three ica kits were capable of detecting anti-fcov antibodies; however, non-specific positive reactions of anti-fcov antibody-negative plasma samples with the test line were observed in 2 ica kits (cjigg/tnp and cjnp/tnp), in which rnp was us ... | 2014 | 24516876 |
| feline infectious peritonitis: still an enigma? | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is one of the most important fatal infectious diseases of cats, the pathogenesis of which has not yet been fully revealed. the present review focuses on the biology of feline coronavirus (fcov) infection and the pathogenesis and pathological features of fip. recent studies have revealed functions of many viral proteins, differing receptor specificity for type i and type ii fcov, and genomic differences between feline enteric coronaviruses (fecvs) and fip virus ... | 2014 | 24569616 |
| comparative in vivo analysis of recombinant type ii feline coronaviruses with truncated and completed orf3 region. | our previous in vitro comparative study on a feline coronavirus (fcov) pair, differing only in the intactness of their orf3abc regions, showed that the truncated orf3abc plays an important role in the efficient macrophage/monocyte tropism of type ii feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). in the present study, we describe a challenge experiment with the same recombinant fcovs in order to gain data on the in vivo characteristics on these viruses. while parent virus fipv df-2 developed feline ... | 2014 | 24586385 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of circular triple helix forming oligonucleotide rna towards feline infectious peritonitis virus replication. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a severe fatal immune-augmented disease in cat population. it is caused by fip virus (fipv), a virulent mutant strain of feline enteric coronavirus (fecv). current treatments and prophylactics are not effective. the in vitro antiviral properties of five circular triple-helix forming oligonucleotide (tfo) rnas (tfo1 to tfo5), which target the different regions of virulent feline coronavirus (fcov) strain fipv wsu 79-1146 genome, were tested in fipv-infected ... | 2014 | 24707494 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of type i and type ii feline coronavirus in malaysia. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) are two important coronaviruses of domestic cat worldwide. although fcov is prevalent among cats; the fastidious nature of type i fcov to grow on cell culture has limited further studies on tissue tropism and pathogenesis of fcov. while several studies reported serological evidence for fcov in malaysia, neither the circulating fcov isolated nor its biotypes determined. this study for the first time, describes the is ... | 2012 | 23171743 |
| the role of accessory proteins in the replication of feline infectious peritonitis virus in peripheral blood monocytes. | the ability to productively infect monocytes/macrophages is the most important difference between the low virulent feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) and the lethal feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). in vitro, the replication of fecv in peripheral blood monocytes always drops after 12h post inoculation, while fipv sustains its replication in the monocytes from 45% of the cats. the accessory proteins of feline coronaviruses have been speculated to play a prominent role in virulence as del ... | 2013 | 23182908 |
| potent inhibition of feline coronaviruses with peptidyl compounds targeting coronavirus 3c-like protease. | feline coronavirus infection is common among domestic and exotic felid species and usually associated with mild or asymptomatic enteritis; however, feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal disease of cats that is caused by systemic infection with a feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), a variant of feline enteric coronavirus (fecv). currently, there is no specific treatment approved for fip despite the importance of fip as the leading infectious cause of death in young cats. during t ... | 2013 | 23219425 |
| improving virus taxonomy by recontextualizing sequence-based classification with biologically relevant data: the case of thealphacoronavirus 1species. | the difficulties related to virus taxonomy have been amplified by recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomics, prompting the field to revisit the question of what constitutes a useful viral classification. here, taking a challenging classification found in coronaviruses, we argue that consideration of biological properties in addition to sequence-based demarcations is critical for generating useful taxonomy that recapitulates complex evolutionary histories. within thealphacoro ... | 2018 | 29299531 |
| relevance of feline interferon omega for clinical improvement and reduction of concurrent viral excretion in retrovirus infected cats from a rescue shelter. | feline immnunodeficiency (fiv) and feline leukemia (felv) viruses are common infectious agents in stray cats and shelter environments. recombinant feline interferon-ω (rfeifnω) has shown an antiviral action not only against fiv and felv but also against herpesvirus (fhv-1) and calicivirus (fcv). sixteen naturally infected fiv/felv cats were followed during rfeifnω therapy in order to monitor clinical signs and to correlate with excretion of concomitant viruses (fcv, fhv-1, feline coronavirus (fc ... | 2013 | 23122808 |
| flow cytometric detection of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein on feline circulating leucocytes. | to assess whether alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (agp) can be detected on the membrane of feline circulating leucocytes. | 2012 | 22827622 |
| coronaviruses in cats and other companion animals: where does sars-cov-2/covid-19 fit? | coronaviruses (covs) cause disease in a range of agricultural and companion animal species, and can be important causes of zoonotic infections. in humans, several coronaviruses circulate seasonally. recently, a novel zoonotic cov named sars-cov-2 emerged from a bat reservoir, resulting in the covid-19 pandemic. with a focus on felines, we review here the evidence for sars-cov-2 infection in cats, ferrets and dogs, describe the relationship between sars-cov-2 and the natural coronaviruses known t ... | 2020 | 32768223 |
| spike protein fusion peptide and feline coronavirus virulence. | coronaviruses are well known for their potential to change their host or tissue tropism, resulting in unpredictable new diseases and changes in pathogenicity; severe acute respiratory syndrome and feline coronaviruses, respectively, are the most recognized examples. feline coronaviruses occur as 2 pathotypes: nonvirulent feline enteric coronaviruses (fecvs), which replicate in intestinal epithelium cells, and lethal feline infectious peritonitis viruses (fipvs), which replicate in macrophages. e ... | 2012 | 22709821 |
| vaccination against coronaviruses in domestic animals. | the current pandemic of covid-19 has set off an urgent search for an effective vaccine. this search may well benefit from the experiences of the animal health profession in the development and use of coronavirus vaccines in domestic animal species. these animal vaccines will in no way protect humans against covid-19 but knowledge of the difficulties encountered in vaccinating animals may help avoid or minimize similar problems arising in humans. diverse coronaviruses can infect the domestic spec ... | 2020 | 32563608 |
| prevalence of feline coronavirus antibodies in japanese domestic cats during the past decade. | from 2001 to 2010, 17,392 japanese cats were examined for feline coronavirus (fcov) antibodies. the seroprevalence of purebreds (66.7%) was higher than that of random breds (31.2%). seroprevalence increased greatly in purebreds by three months of age, while it did not fluctuate greatly in random breds with aging, indicating that cattery environments can contribute to fcov epidemics. purebreds from northern regions of japan were likely to be seropositive (76.6% in hokkaido, 80.0% in tohoku), indi ... | 2012 | 22673084 |
| suppression of feline coronavirus replication in vitro by cyclosporin a. | the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is a member of the feline coronavirus family that causes fip, which is incurable and fatal in cats. cyclosporin a (csa), an immunosuppressive agent that targets the nuclear factor pathway of activated t-cells (nf-at) to bind cellular cyclophilins (cyp), dose-dependently inhibited fipv replication in vitro. fk506 (an immunosuppressor of the pathway that binds cellular fk506-binding protein (fkbp) but not cyp) did not affect fipv replication. neither ... | 2012 | 22546085 |
| cloning, prokaryotic soluble expression, and analysis of antiviral activity of two novel feline ifn-ω proteins. | cats are becoming more popular as household companions and pets, forming close relationships with humans. although feline viral diseases can pose serious health hazards to pet cats, commercialized preventative vaccines are lacking. interferons (ifns), especially type i ifns (ifn-α, ifn-β, and interferon omega (ifn-ω)), have been explored as effective therapeutic drugs against viral diseases in cats. nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding feline ifn-ω (feifn-ω), compared to ifn-α and ... | 2020 | 32204464 |
| detection of subgenomic mrna of feline coronavirus by real-time polymerase chain reaction based on primer-probe energy transfer (p-sg-qpcr). | feline infectious peritonitis is one of the most severe devastating diseases of the felidae. upon the appearance of clinical signs, a cure for the infected animal is impossible. therefore rapid and proper diagnosis for both the presence of the causative agent, feline coronavirus (fcov) and the manifestation of feline infectious peritonitis is of paramount importance. in the present work, a novel real-time rt-pcr method is described which is able to detect fcov and to determine simultaneously the ... | 2012 | 22349594 |
| prevalence of seropositivity to pathogens in small carnivores in adjacent areas of lazovskii reserve. | the prevalence of infectious diseases in wild and feral carnivores is poorly known in primorsky krai, where rare species such as the amur tiger and the far east leopard roam. in this study we evaluated the prevalence of seropositivity in feral (cats, dogs) and wild (raccoon dog, badger, american mink, far eastern wild cat) carnivores to various pathogens: distemper virus, parvovirus, feline immunodeficiency and feline leukemia virus, feline coronavirus, toxoplasma gondii, mycoplasma sp., and chl ... | 2012 | 32214774 |
| nonstructural proteins 7 and 8 of feline coronavirus form a 2:1 heterotrimer that exhibits primer-independent rna polymerase activity. | nonstructural proteins 7 and 8 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) have previously been shown by x-ray crystallography to form an 8:8 hexadecamer. in addition, it has been demonstrated that n-terminally his(6)-tagged sars-cov nsp8 is a primase able to synthesize rna oligonucleotides with a length of up to 6 nucleotides. we present here the 2.6-å crystal structure of the feline coronavirus (fcov) nsp7:nsp8 complex, which is a 2:1 heterotrimer containing two copies of the α ... | 2012 | 22318142 |
| quarantine protects falkland islands (malvinas) cats from feline coronavirus infection. | feline coronavirus (fcov) causes feline infectious peritonitis (fip). since 2002, when 20 cats on the falkland islands were found to be fcov seronegative, only seronegative cats could be imported. between 2005-2007, 95 pet and 10 feral cats tested negative by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) analysis using two strains of type ii fcov, two transmissible gastroenteritis virus assays, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rapid immunomigration test. twenty-four samples (23%) showed non ... | 2012 | 22314098 |
| feline infectious peritonitis: role of the feline coronavirus 3c gene in intestinal tropism and pathogenicity based upon isolates from resident and adopted shelter cats. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) was presumed to arise from mutations in the 3c of a ubiquitous and largely nonpathogenic feline enteric coronavirus (fecv). however, a recent study found that one-third of fipv isolates have an intact 3c and suggested that it is not solely involved in fip but is essential for intestinal replication. in order to confirm these assumptions, 27 fecal and 32 fip coronavirus isolates were obtained from resident or adopted cats from a large metropolitan shelte ... | 2012 | 22280883 |
| the first case of feline infectious peritonitis-like pyogranuloma in a ferret infected by coronavirus in japan. | a male ferret, which was purchased from abroad at 9 months of age, had shown significant weight loss starting at 13 months of age. the ferret subsequently showed decreasing motor activity and recumbency and was euthanized at 14 months of age. at necropsy, a white, quail egg-sized mass was found in the mesentery. histopathologically, multifocal granulomas consisting of necrotic foci, macrophages, fibroblasts and plentiful fibrous connective tissues were observed in the mesenteric mass. surroundin ... | 2010 | 22319227 |
| structure of the x (adrp) domain of nsp3 from feline coronavirus. | the structure of the x (or adrp) domain of a pathogenic variant of feline coronavirus (fcov) has been determined in tetragonal and cubic crystal forms to 3.1 and 2.2 a resolution, respectively. in the tetragonal crystal form, glycerol-3-phosphate was observed in the adp-ribose-binding site. both crystal forms contained large solvent channels and had a solvent content of higher than 70%. only very weak binding of this domain to adp-ribose was detected in vitro. however, the structure with adp-rib ... | 2009 | 19966415 |
| a serological survey of common feline pathogens in free-living european wildcats (felis silvestris) in central spain. | twenty-five serum samples of 22 free-living european wildcats (felis silvestris) captured from 1991 to 1993 in central spain were tested for evidence of exposure to seven feline pathogens. all the wildcats but one (95.4%) presented evidence of contact with at least one of the agents (mean = 2.2). contact with feline leukemia virus (felv) was detected in 81% of the wildcats (antibodies, 77%; antigen p27, 15%). antibodies to feline calicivirus (fcv, 80%), feline herpesvirus (fhv, 20%), feline parv ... | 2009 | 32214938 |
| genomic rna sequence of feline coronavirus strain fipv wsu-79/1146. | a consensus sequence of the feline coronavirus (fcov) (strain fipv wsu-79/1146) genome was determined from overlapping cdna fragments produced by rt-pcr amplification of viral rna. the genome was found to be 29 125 nt in length, excluding the poly(a) tail. analysis of the sequence identified conserved open reading frames and revealed an overall genome organization similar to that of other coronaviruses. the genomic rna was analysed for putative cis-acting elements and the pattern of subgenomic m ... | 2005 | 16033972 |
| detection of feline coronavirus mutations in paraffin-embedded tissues in cats with feline infectious peritonitis and controls. | objectives the amino acid substitutions m1058l and s1060a in the spike protein of feline coronavirus (fcov) have been postulated to be responsible for the development of the pathogenic feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), which causes feline infectious peritonitis (fip). the aim of the following study was to investigate the presence of mutated virus in tissue samples of cats with and without fip. methods the study population consisted of 64 cats, 34 of which were diagnosed with fip and 30 ... | 2018 | 29542369 |
| feline coronavirus: insights into viral pathogenesis based on the spike protein structure and function. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is an etiological agent that causes a benign enteric illness and the fatal systemic disease feline infectious peritonitis (fip). the fcov spike (s) protein is considered the viral regulator for binding and entry to the cell. this protein is also involved in fcov tropism and virulence, as well as in the switch from enteric disease to fip. this regulation is carried out by spike's major functions: receptor binding and virus-cell membrane fusion. in this review, we address ... | 2018 | 29329682 |
| feline infectious peritonitis: immunohistochemical features of ocular inflammation and the distribution of viral antigens in structures of the eye. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a serious, widely distributed systemic disease caused by feline coronavirus (fcov), in which ocular disease is common. however, questions remain about the patterns of ocular inflammation and the distribution of viral antigen in the eyes of cats with fip. this study characterized the ocular lesions of fip including the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen by müller cells in the retina in cases of fip and to wha ... | 2017 | 29065819 |
| nanoparticulate vacuolar atpase blocker exhibits potent host-targeted antiviral activity against feline coronavirus. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip), caused by a mutated feline coronavirus, is one of the most serious and fatal viral diseases in cats. the disease remains incurable, and there is no effective vaccine available. in light of the pathogenic mechanism of feline coronavirus that relies on endosomal acidification for cytoplasmic entry, a novel vacuolar atpase blocker, diphyllin, and its nanoformulation are herein investigated for their antiviral activity against the type ii feline infectious perito ... | 2017 | 29026122 |
| npc1 as a modulator of disease severity and viral entry of sars-cov-2. | the covid-19 plague is hitting mankind. several viruses, including sars-cov-1, mers-cov, ebov, and sars-cov-2, use the endocytic machinery to enter the cell. genomic variants in npc1, which encodes for the endolysosomal niemann-pick type c1 protein, restricts the host-range of viruses in bats and susceptibility to infections in humans. lack of npc1 and its pharmacological suppression inhibits many viral infections including sars-cov-1 and type i feline coronavirus infection. antiviral effects of ... | 2020 | 32660402 |
| antiviral effects of hydroxychloroquine and type i interferon on in vitro fatal feline coronavirus infection. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a viral disease with a high morbidity and mortality by the fip virus (fipv, virulent feline coronavirus). several antiviral drugs for fip have been identified, but many of these are expensive and not available in veterinary medicine. hydroxychloroquine (hcq) is a drug approved by several countries to treat malaria and immune-mediated diseases in humans, and its antiviral effects on other viral infections (e.g., sars-cov-2, dengue virus) have been confirmed. ... | 2020 | 32456286 |
| precaution and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection in the eye. | although current studies suggested that conjunctivitis is not a common presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), several studies have reported the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) in ocular secretions. coronavirus had not yet been successfully cultured from tears or conjunctival swabs in humans, neither sars-cov-2 nor sars-cov. however, live feline coronavirus has been isolated from conjunctival swabs. in addition, infection of covid-19 through ... | 2020 | 32332516 |
| circulation and genetic diversity of feline coronavirus type i and ii from clinically healthy and fip-suspected cats in china. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal infectious disease of wild and domestic cats, and the occurrence of fip is frequently reported in china. to trace the evolution of type i and ii feline coronavirus in china, 115 samples of ascetic fluid from fip-suspected cats and 54 fecal samples from clinically healthy cats were collected from veterinary hospitals in china. the presence of fcov in the samples was detected by rt-pcr targeting the 6b gene. the results revealed that a total of 126 (7 ... | 2019 | 30468573 |
| expression patterns in feline blood and tissues of α1-acid glycoprotein (agp) and of an agp-related protein (agprp). | α1-acid glycoprotein (agp) is an acute-phase protein (app) that modulates immune responses, probably - at least in humans - owing to the modification of its glycosylation pattern. on this perspective, feline agp can be a useful comparative model, as it has different concentrations in cats susceptible or resistant to some disease. as a preliminary approach to the study of feline agp (fagp) we have purified this protein from feline serum by hplc using human agp (hagp) as a model. immunoblotting wi ... | 2003 | 32214964 |
| serological survey of feline viral pathogens in free-living european wildcats (felis s. silvestris) from luxembourg. | european populations of free-living wildcats have been shown to be exposed to cat viruses. luxembourg has a high degree of habitat fragmentation, and hybridisation rates between domestic cats and wildcats are high. we therefore assessed the seroprevalence of six viruses in 34 serum samples collected between 2001 and 2016 from wildcats in luxembourg. the values for feline leukemia virus (felv; 52.9%) and feline coronavirus (fcov; 47.1%) were amongst the highest reported for wildcats. we found evi ... | 2018 | 30062638 |
| feline leukemia virus (felv) disease outcomes in a domestic cat breeding colony: relationship to endogenous felv and other chronic viral infections. | exogenous feline leukemia virus (felv) is a feline gammaretrovirus that results in a variety of disease outcomes. endogenous felv (enfelv) is a replication-defective provirus found in species belonging to the felis genus, which includes the domestic cat (felis catus). there have been few studies examining interaction between enfelv genotype and felv progression. we examined point-in-time enfelv and felv viral loads, as well as occurrence of felv/enfelv recombinants (felv-b), to determine factors ... | 2018 | 29976676 |
| exposure to disease agents in the endangered iberian lynx (lynx pardinus). | the iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) is the most endangered felid species in the world. lynx populations have decreased dramatically in size and distribution in the last four decades, thus becoming increasingly vulnerable to catastrophic events such as epizooties. from 1989 to 2000, serum samples were obtained from 48 free-ranging lynx captured in the doñana national park (dnp, n = 31) and mountains of sierra morena (sm, n = 17) in southern spain. samples were tested for antibodies against toxoplasm ... | 2008 | 32214935 |
| pancreatitis and systemic coronavirus infection in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 1-y-old spayed female ferret (mustela putorius furo) was referred for additional diagnostic evaluation after physical examination by the referring veterinarian revealed a cranial abdominal mass. the ferret had a 2-wk history of inappetence, weight loss, and lethargy. on presentation, the ferret was thin, and an approximately 3-cm mass was palpable in the cranial abdomen. no other abnormalities were noted. abdominal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a soft-tissue structure, with a moder ... | 2018 | 29776456 |
| serosurvey of mountain lions in southern arizona. | an understanding of the prevalence of diseases in free-ranging populations of felids is limited, and there is even less known about the overall health and diseases of wild felids that inhabit or utilize urban areas. we collected serum samples from 9 radiocollared mountain lions (puma concolor) in the mountains surrounding tucson, arizona, usa, from august 2005 to august 2008. we tested serum samples for evidence of exposure to 10 feline viruses: feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus, feli ... | 2012 | 32327861 |
| coronavirus infections in companion animals: virology, epidemiology, clinical and pathologic features. | coronaviruses are enveloped rna viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, or systemic diseases in a variety of mammalian hosts that vary in clinical severity from subclinical to fatal. the host range and tissue tropism are largely determined by the coronaviral spike protein, which initiates cellular infection by promoting fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. companion animal coronaviruses responsible for causing enteric infection include feline enteric coronavirus, ferret enteric ... | 2020 | 32933150 |
| pathogenesis of oral type i feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) infection: antibody-dependent enhancement infection of cats with type i fipv via the oral route. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) causes a severe, immune-mediated disease called fip in domestic and wild cats. it is unclear whether fip transmits from cat to cat through the oral route of fipv infection, and the reason for this includes that fip is caused by oral inoculation with some fipv strains (e.g., type ii fipv wsu 79-1146), but is not caused by other fipv (e.g., type i fipv ku-2 strain: fipv-i ku-2). in this study, when cats passively immunized with anti-fipv-i ku-2 antibodies ... | 2019 | 31019150 |
| comparison of three blood transfusion guidelines applied to 31 feline donors to minimise the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections. | objectives the increased demand for animal blood transfusions creates the need for an adequate number of donors. at the same time, a high level of blood safety must be guaranteed and different guidelines (gls) deal with this topic. the aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of different gls in preventing transfusion-transmissible infections (tti) in italian feline blood donors. methods blood samples were collected from 31 cats enrolled as blood donors by the owners' voluntary choi ... | 2017 | 28840782 |
| the cholesterol transport inhibitor u18666a inhibits type i feline coronavirus infection. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a feline coronavirus (fcov)-induced fatal disease in wild and domestic cats. fcov exists in two serotypes. type i fcov is the dominant serotype worldwide. therefore, it is necessary to develop antiviral drugs against type i fcov infection. we previously reported that type i fcov is closely associated with cholesterol throughout the viral life cycle. in this study, we investigated whether u18666a, the cholesterol synthesis and transport inhibitor, shows anti ... | 2017 | 28780424 |
| sensitivity and specificity of a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction detecting feline coronavirus mutations in effusion and serum/plasma of cats to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis. | feline coronavirus (fcov) exists as two pathotypes, and fcov spike gene mutations are considered responsible for the pathotypic switch in feline infectious peritonitis (fip) pathogenesis. the aim of this study was to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) specifically designed to detect fcov spike gene mutations at two nucleotide positions. it was hypothesized that this test would correctly discriminate feline infectious perit ... | 2017 | 28768514 |
| identification and characterization of a golgi retention signal in feline coronavirus accessory protein 7b. | feline coronaviruses encode five accessory proteins with largely elusive functions. here, one of these proteins, called 7b (206 residues), was investigated using a reverse genetic approach established for feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strain 79-1146. recombinant fipvs (rfpivs) expressing mutant and/or flag-tagged forms of 7b were generated and used to investigate the expression, processing, glycosylation, localization and trafficking of the 7b protein in rfipv-infected cells, focusi ... | 2017 | 28758629 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of serotype ii feline enteric coronavirus infection in primary feline monocytes. | feline coronavirus (fcov) has been classified into two biotypes: avirulent feline coronavirus (feline enteric coronavirus: fecv) and virulent feline coronavirus (feline infectious peritonitis virus: fipv). in fipv infection, antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) has been reported and was shown to be associated with severe clinical disease. on the other hand, the potential role of ade in fecv infection has not been examined. in this study, using laboratory strains of serotype ii fipv wsu 79-1146 ( ... | 2017 | 28730523 |
| determination of the cell tropism of serotype 1 feline infectious peritonitis virus using the spike affinity histochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissues. | unlike for serotype ii feline coronaviruses (fcov ii), the cellular receptor for serotype i fcov (fcov i), the most prevalent fcov serotype, is unknown. to provide a platform for assessing the pattern by which fcov i attaches to its host receptor(s), hek293 cell lines that stably express the ectodomains of the spike (s) proteins derived from a fcov i feline enteric coronavirus strain uu7 (fecv uu7) and a feline infectious peritonitis virus strain uu4 (fipv uu4) were established. using the recomb ... | 2017 | 28675506 |
| a cross-sectional quantitative rt-pcr study of feline coronavirus viremia and replication in peripheral blood of healthy shelter cats in southern california. | objectives the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of feline coronavirus (fcov) viremia, and its replication in peripheral blood using quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) methodology in a population of 205 healthy shelter cats in southern california, as well as to assess any possible connection to longitudinal development of feline infectious peritonitis (fip). methods the study was performed on buffy-coat samples from edta-anticoagulated whole blood samples of 205 healthy shelte ... | 2017 | 28425327 |
| expression profiles of immune mediators in feline coronavirus-infected cells and clinical samples of feline coronavirus-positive cats. | there are two biotypes of feline coronavirus (fcov): the self-limiting feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) and the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), which causes feline infectious peritonitis (fip), a fatal disease associated with cats living in multi-cat environments. this study provides an insight on the various immune mediators detected in fcov-positive cats which may be responsible for the development of fip. | 2017 | 28388950 |
| successful treatment of feline leishmaniosis using a combination of allopurinol and n-methyl-glucamine antimoniate. | this work describes the diagnosis and successful treatment of a 2-year-old domestic cat infected with leishmania species and presenting fever, and ulcerative and nodular skin lesions after being treated for pyodermatitis for 1 year without clinical improvement. after anamnesis the cat was submitted to a complete clinical examination. blood was collected for determination of haematological and biochemical parameters, detection of feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), ... | 2017 | 28491411 |
| a retrospective study of the neuropathology and diagnosis of naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is one of the most important viral diseases of cats worldwide. our study describes the neuropathology and the diagnostic features of 26 cases of fip in domestic cats. the average age of affected individuals was 11.8 mo, and there was no sex or breed predisposition. clinical neurologic signs were noted in 22 cases, and rabies was clinically suspected in 11 cases. twenty cats had lesions in multiple organs, and 6 cats had lesions only in the brain. gross neuropa ... | 2018 | 29411701 |
| detection of feline coronavirus in feline effusions by immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | feline coronavirus (fcov), the pathogen for feline infectious peritonitis, is a lethal infectious agent that can cause effusions in the pleural and abdominal cavities in domestic cats. to study the epidemiology of fcov in taiwan, 81 fip-suspected sick cats with effusive specimens were recruited to test for fcov infection using immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction as detection methods, and viral rnas were recovered from the specimens to conduct genotypin ... | 2020 | 32854379 |
| origin and transmission of feline coronavirus type i in domestic cats from northern italy: a phylogeographic approach. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is responsible, along with an inadequate immune response of the host, for feline infectious peritonitis (fip), one of the most frequent and deadly infectious feline disease worldwide. this study analyzed the genetic characteristics of the spike (s) gene of 33 fcovs circulating in northern italy between 2011 and 2015 in cats with or without fip. in order to reconstruct the most probable places of origin and dispersion of fcov among italian cats, a phylogeographic approac ... | 2020 | 32402340 |
| mucosal immune response to feline enteric coronavirus infection. | feline infectious peritonitis is a devastating, fatal disease of domestic cats caused by a pathogenic mutant virus derived from the ubiquitous feline enteric coronavirus (fecv). infection by fecv is generally subclinical, and little is known about the mucosal immune response that controls and eliminates the virus. we investigated the mucosal immune response against fecv in an endemically infected breeding colony over a seven-month period. thirty-three cats were grouped according to fecv seroposi ... | 2019 | 31569783 |
| feline coronavirus isolates from a part of brazil: insights into molecular epidemiology and phylogeny inferred from the 7b gene. | the feline coronavirus (fcov) can lead to feline infectious peritonitis (fip), which the precise cause is still unknown. the theory of internal mutation suggests that a less virulent biotype of fcov (fecv) would lead to another more pathogenic biotype (fipv) capable of causing fip. in this work, the 7b gene was amplified from 51 domestic cat plasma samples by semi-nested pcr and tested through phylogenetic and phylogeographical approaches. the 7b gene of brazilian isolates displayed high conserv ... | 2019 | 31447457 |
| first autochthonous case of clinical hepatozoon felis infection in a domestic cat in central europe. | three different hepatozoon (apicomplexa, hepatozoidae) species have been described infecting domestic cats in europe (i.e. h. felis, h. canis and h. silvestris), however, reports on clinical hepatozoonosis are uncommon and treatment protocols are not clearly defined. a six-year-old male european short-hair cat from austria presented poor general condition, lethargy, anorexia, icterus, a painful abdomen, fever, ruffled hair and a tick infestation, and it had never left austria. laboratory tests r ... | 2019 | 31228586 |
| first complete genome sequence of a feline alphacoronavirus 1 strain from brazil. | we identified a strain of alphacoronavirus 1, fcov-sb22, from a pool of fecal samples from domestic cats from a rural settlement in the municipality of santa bárbara, pará, brazil. the nucleotide identity with feline coronavirus was 91.5%. the present study reports the first complete genome sequence of a feline coronavirus from brazil. | 2019 | 30863824 |
| differential induction of type i interferon by type i and type ii feline coronaviruses in vitro. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a feline coronavirus (fcov)-induced fatal disease in wild and domestic cats. there are two fcov serotypes. both type i and ii fcov can replicate in felis catus whole fetus (fcwf)-4 cells, but the replicability of type i fcov in feline cell lines is lower than that of type ii fcov, the reason for which is unclear. inhibition of ifnβ production by non-structural and structural proteins, excluding spike protein has been reported in many coronavirus infections. ... | 2018 | 30265871 |
| characterization of amino acid substitutions in feline coronavirus 3c-like protease from a cat with feline infectious peritonitis treated with a protease inhibitor. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a highly fatal disease caused by a virulent feline coronavirus in domestic and wild cats. we have previously reported the synthesis of potent coronavirus 3c-like protease (3clpro) inhibitors and the efficacy of a protease inhibitor, gc376, in client-owned cats with fip. in this study, we studied the effect of the amino acid changes in 3clpro of feline coronavirus from a feline patient who received antiviral treatment for prolonged duration. we generated rec ... | 2019 | 31585653 |
| antiviral activity of itraconazole against type i feline coronavirus infection. | feline coronaviruses (fcovs) are the causative agents of severe systemic disease (feline infectious peritonitis: fip) in domestic and wild cats. fcovs have been classified into serotypes i and ii. type i fcov is the dominant serotype (approximately 70-90%) worldwide. therefore, it is necessary to provide antiviral agents for type i fcov infection. in this study, we demonstrated that itraconazole (icz), practically used for fungal infections in cats, inhibits the type i fcov infection. icz also e ... | 2019 | 30658691 |
| molecular diversity of alphacoronavirus 1 in dogs and cats in colombia. | alphacoronavirus 1 (subgenus tegacovirus, genus alphacoronavirus, family coronaviridae), which encompasses transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), feline coronavirus (fcov) and canine coronavirus (ccov), is an important pathogen that can cause severe gastroenteritis and is distributed worldwide. ccov has two different genotypes: ccov type i, which has a high identity with fcov-i, and ccov type ii, which is divided into two subtypes, ccov iia (pantropic) and ccov iib, which is related to fcov ... | 2020 | 32665984 |
| in silico perspectives on the prediction of the plp's epitopes involved in multiple sclerosis. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (cns). the main cause of the ms is yet to be revealed, but the most probable theory is based on the molecular mimicry that concludes some infections in the activation of t cells against brain auto-antigens that initiate the disease cascade. | 2017 | 28959348 |
| canine distemper virus may affect european wild cat populations in central spain. | the main objective of this brief communication is to inform about the exposure to certain pathogens of interest for mesocarnivores in wildcats (felis silvestris silvestris) that inhabit a human-domestic-wild ecotone located in a natural park (serranía de cuenca, central spain). blood and mucosal swabs (nasal, conjunctival and rectal) samples were collected from nine alive animals to detect canine distemper virus (cdv), parvovirus (cpv/fpv), feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline coronavirus (fcov ... | 2019 | 32218716 |
| high-throughput viral microneutralization method for feline coronavirus using image cytometry. | feline coronaviruses (fcov) are members of the alphacoronavirus genus that are further characterized by serotype (types i and ii) based on the antigenicity of the spike (s) protein and by pathotype based on the associated clinical conditions. feline enteric coronaviruses (fecv) are associated with the vast majority of infections and are typically asymptomatic. within individual animals, fecv can mutate and cause a severe and usually fatal disease called feline infectious peritonitis (fip), the l ... | 2020 | 32979406 |
| development of feline ileum- and colon-derived organoids and their potential use to support feline coronavirus infection. | feline coronaviruses (fcovs) infect both wild and domestic cat populations world-wide. fcovs present as two main biotypes: the mild feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) and the fatal feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). fipv develops through mutations from fecv during a persistence infection. so far, the molecular mechanism of fecv-persistence and contributing factors for fipv development may not be studied, since field fecv isolates do not grow in available cell culture models. in this work ... | 2020 | 32932592 |
| cellular metabolic profiling of crfk cells infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus using phenotype microarrays. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal feline immune-mediated disease caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). little is known about the biological pathways associated in fip pathogenesis. this is the first study aiming to determine the phenotypic characteristics on the cellular level in relation to specific metabolic pathways of importance to fip pathogenesis. | 2020 | 32466289 |
| in vivo antiviral effects of u18666a against type i feline infectious peritonitis virus. | background: the cationic amphiphilic drug u18666a inhibits the proliferation of type i fipv in vitro. in this study, we evaluated the in vivo antiviral effects of u18666a by administering it to spf cats challenged with type i fipv. methods: ten spf cats were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. fipv ku-2 were inoculated intraperitoneally to cats. the control group was administered pbs, and the u18666a-treated group was administered u18666a subcutaneously at 2.5 mg/kg on day 0, and 1.25 ... | 2020 | 31963705 |
| plagues and adaptation: lessons from the felidae models for sars and aids. | research studies of infectious disease outbreaks in wild species of the cat family felidae have revealed unusual details regarding forces that shape population survival and genetic resistance in these species. a highly virulent feline coronavirus epidemic in african cheetahs, a disease model for human sars, illustrates the critical role of ancestral population genetic variation. widespread prevalence of species specific feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), a relative of hiv-aids, occurs with lit ... | 2006 | 32226081 |
| tick paralysis in a free-ranging bobcat (lynx rufus). | a free-ranging male bobcat (lynx rufus) was evaluated because of signs of pelvic limb paralysis. | 2020 | 31961273 |
| adaptive evolution of feline coronavirus genes based on selection analysis. | we investigated sequences of the feline coronaviruses (fcov), which include feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), from china and other countries to gain insight into the adaptive evolution of this virus. | 2020 | 32923488 |
| correlation of feline coronavirus shedding in feces with coronavirus antibody titer. | feline coronavirus (fcov) infection is ubiquitous in multi-cat households. responsible for the continuous presence are cats that are chronically shedding a high load of fcov. the aim of the study was to determine a possible correlation between fcov antibody titer and frequency and load of fecal fcov shedding in cats from catteries. | 2020 | 32707796 |
| antiviral treatment using the adenosine nucleoside analogue gs-441524 in cats with clinically diagnosed neurological feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is caused by a mutant biotype of the feline enteric coronavirus. the resulting fip virus (fipv) commonly causes central nervous system (cns) and ocular pathology in cases of noneffusive disease. over 95% of cats with fip will succumb to disease in days to months after diagnosis despite a variety of historically used treatments. recently developed antiviral drugs have shown promise in treatment of nonneurological fip, but data from neurological fip cases are li ... | 2020 | 32441826 |
| diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis: a review of the current literature. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal disease that poses several challenges for veterinarians: clinical signs and laboratory changes are non-specific, and there are two pathotypes of the etiologic agent feline coronavirus (fcov), sometimes referred to as feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) that vary fundamentally in their virulence, but are indistinguishable by a number of diagnostic methods. this review focuses on all important steps every v ... | 2019 | 31731711 |
| differential recognition of peptides within feline coronavirus polyprotein 1 ab by sera from healthy cats and cats with feline infectious peritonitis. | the aim of the study was to identify peptides within the polyprotein (pp) 1 ab that are differentially recognised by cats with either enteric or systemic disease following infection with feline coronavirus. overlapping 12-mer peptides (n = 28,426) across the entire pp1ab were arrayed on peptide chips and reacted with pooled sera from coronavirus seropositive cats and from one seronegative cat. eleven peptides were further tested in elisa with individual serum samples, and three were selected for ... | 2019 | 31048107 |
| differential susceptibility of macrophages to serotype ii feline coronaviruses correlates with differences in the viral spike protein. | the ability to infect and replicate in monocytes/macrophages is a critically distinguishing feature between the two feline coronavirus (fcov) pathotypes: feline enteric coronavirus (fecv; low-virulent) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv; lethal). previously, by comparing serotype ii strains fipv 79-1146 and fecv 79-1683 and recombinant chimeric forms thereof in cultured feline bone marrow macrophages, we mapped this difference to the c-terminal part of the viral spike (s) protein (s2) ... | 2018 | 29936068 |
| mutation of the s and 3c genes in genomes of feline coronaviruses. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is classified into two biotypes based on its pathogenicity in cats: a feline enteric coronavirus of low pathogenicity and a highly virulent feline infectious peritonitis virus. it has been suspected that fcov alters its biotype via mutations in the viral genome. the s and 3c genes of fcov have been considered the candidates for viral pathogenicity conversion. in the present study, fcovs were analyzed for the frequency and location of mutations in the s and 3c genes from ... | 2018 | 29769478 |
| structural-based virtual screening and in vitro assays for small molecules inhibiting the feline coronavirus 3cl protease as a surrogate platform for coronaviruses. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) which is caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), a variant of feline coronavirus (fcov), is a member of family coronaviridae, together with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), and sars-cov-2. so far, neither effective vaccines nor approved antiviral therapeutics are currently available for the treatment of fipv infection. both human and animal covs shares similar funct ... | 2020 | 32910955 |