| detection of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea viruses in the nasal epithelial cells by the direct immunofluorescence technique. | nasal epithelial cells were collected by cotton swabs for the diagnosis in experimental and field cases of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and field cases of bovine viral diarrhea in calves. a portion of the cells was washed twice in phosphate buffered saline and a 25 microl drop was placed on microscope slides. the cells were dried, fixed and stained according to the direct fluorescent antibody technique. another portion of the same specimen was inoculated onto primary bovine skin cell cultur ... | 1983 | 6299484 |
| pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease: distribution and significance of bvdv antigen in diseased calves. | the distribution of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antigen in tissues of animals with acute and chronic bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease (bvd-md) was examined using improved indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase staining methods on cryostat and paraffin wax tissue sections. in lymphoid tissues the antigen was principally located in cells belonging to the mononuclear located in cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system and in other cells with antigen-retai ... | 1983 | 6300980 |
| elimination of contaminating bovine viral diarrhea virus from bovine respiratory syncytial virus stock. | | 1983 | 6306037 |
| characterization of virus-specific rna synthesized in bovine cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | infection of bovine kidney cells with bovine viral diarrhea virus resulted in the synthesis of a single species of virus-specific rna. electrophoresis of this rna on agarose-urea and agarose-formaldehyde gels indicated that it had a molecular weight of 2.9 x 10(6), corresponding to 8,200 bases (8.2 kilobases). this 8.2-kilobase rna was resistant to rnase a treatment at 1 microgram/ml but was digested at higher concentrations of rnase (10 micrograms/ml). sedimentation on neutral sucrose gradients ... | 1983 | 6310155 |
| cerebellar degeneration in dairy calves: clinical, pathologic, and serologic features of an epizootic caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus. | three of nine dairy calves born in the spring/summer wee severely ataxic at birth. necropsy of the 3 affected calves revealed severe cerebellar degeneration (hypoplasia). clinical signs were inapparent in the adult cows. serum neutralization titers of the cows and calves indicated high bovine viral diarrhea titers. | 1983 | 6311781 |
| characterization of the major structural proteins of purified bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was concentrated and purified by a combination of ultrafiltration, hydroextraction using polyethylene glycol and affinity chromatography. a lectin from crotalaria juncea that has an affinity for galactose was used in the affinity chromatography. virions of bvdv with classic envelopes were observed by electron microscopy. four major proteins with estimated molecular weights of 75,000, 66,000, 54,000, and 26,000 were identified in sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacry ... | 1983 | 6312929 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: purification of surface proteins in detergent-containing buffers by fast protein liquid chromatography. | bovine viral diarrhea virus was purified by lectin chromatography. the glycoprotein peplomers were dissociated from the virion by treatment with detergent. by a second lectin gel chromatography the glycoconjugates containing terminal galactose were prepared. in combination with lectin affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography on mono-q in the presence of the low-uv-absorbing detergent berol 172 proved to be a powerful technique both for analytical and preparative applications. | 1983 | 6313724 |
| characteristics of the polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid assay for noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the use of polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid (poly i:c) for noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (nc-bvdv) assay (pinba) was studied. several viruses were tested for their suitability as test challenge viruses. in addition to vesicular stomatitis virus, which previously was shown to be a suitable challenge virus, bovine enteroviruses also were found to be suitable, whereas infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and parainfluenza type 3 virus were only marginally suitable. bo ... | 1983 | 6314854 |
| total protein and immunoglobulins g1, g2, and m in serum of calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | total serum protein and immunoglobulins (ig) g1, g2, and m concentrations were investigated in 11 calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. these calves were allowed to suckle from their dams until weaned. a gradual increase in total protein was observed from birth to 12 months of age. there was a wide variation in ig concentrations in pre- and postcolostrum sera. the igg1 increased from the time of delivery of the calves to the 5th month, decreased by the 10th month, and th ... | 1983 | 6314856 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in captive exotic ruminants. | antibody to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus was found in 174 of 1,905 (9.1%) exotic ruminants. of the seropositive animals, 129 had titers of at least 1:8. when serums from zoos that had vaccinated against bvd were excluded from analysis, 60 of 1,390 samples (4.3%) were seropositive for bvd. noncytopathogenic strains of bvd virus were isolated from 5 exotic ruminants. | 1983 | 6315662 |
| attempted reactivation of latent bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in calves by infection with ruminant pestiviruses. | three calves, latently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1), were each inoculated intranasally with 9 strains of ruminant pestivirus (bvdv). all three calves developed a biphasic pyrexia and a lymphopenia followed by a neutrophilia. they did not shed bhv 1 in their nasal secretions in the 14 days following bvdv inoculation, and their bhv 1 antibody levels remained static, as did those of 2 control calves not given bvdv. all five calves were subsequently shown to be latently infected with b ... | 1983 | 6318422 |
| suppression of neutrophil and lymphocyte function induced by a vaccinal strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus with and without the administration of acth. | effects of a modified live vaccine (mlv) strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvd) on lymphocyte and neutrophil function were determined in cattle with and without increased plasma cortisol (hydrocortisone) concentrations. cattle were given mlv-bvd vaccine im and intranasally. cattle given acth received 200 iu every 12 hours for 10 doses. the mlv-bvd virus when administered alone caused no apparent clinical signs or body temperature response. of 4 mlv-bvd-treated calves that were also given ac ... | 1983 | 6318614 |
| characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus proteins. | virus-specific proteins were examined in cultured cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. by using antisera obtained from virus-infected animals, three major virus-specific polypeptides with molecular weights of 115,000 (115k), 80k, and 55k were observed. minor proteins of 45,000 and 38,000 daltons were also noted. tryptic peptide mapping indicated that the 115k and the 80k polypeptides were structurally related. the 55k protein was glycosylated and appeared not to be related to the 115 ... | 1984 | 6323770 |
| production of cattle immunotolerant to bovine viral diarrhea virus. | inoculation of bovine virus diarrhea virus into 58 to 125 day old fetuses of bovine virus diarrhea virus seropositive pregnant cows, or inoculation of bovine virus diarrhea virus into seronegative cows 42 to 114 days pregnant, may produce clinically normal calves which are persistently infected with the specific isolate of bovine virus diarrhea virus yet seronegative to the homologous and heterologous isolates. reinoculation of these persistently infected cattle with their homologous isolate pro ... | 1984 | 6326980 |
| presence of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus (border disease) in sheep and goat flocks in quebec. | a seroepidemiological study of border disease was conducted in sheep and goats in various areas of quebec. sera of 10% of animals of selected flocks were collected and specific antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea- mucosal disease were tested by seroneutralization. results show that 10.9% and 16% of sheep and goats respectively gave a positive reaction. the lower serological prevalence was found in sheep flocks of the sherbrooke area (5.4%) while the highest percentage of positive sera was o ... | 1984 | 6326984 |
| mucosal disease of cattle: a late sequel to fetal infection. | the introduction of a heifer which was persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus into groups of pregnant cattle resulted in abortion, neonatal death, persistent infection and, subsequently, mucosal disease in the surviving progeny. cattle affected with mucosal disease were invariably seronegative at the time of investigation and subsequent cases occurred only in calves previously identified as seronegative and persistently infected. the detection of virus antigen by ... | 1984 | 6328725 |
| effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on the distribution of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in calves. | four calves (control animals) were inoculated (by aerosol) with cooper's strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus given with an ultrasonic nebulizer. seven other calves (principals) were inoculated (by aerosol) with a noncytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus and 7 days later, with ibr virus. the calves were killed 3 to 8 days after the latter virus was inoculated. various tissues were collected from the calves during necropsy and assayed for ibr virus. in the cont ... | 1984 | 6329040 |
| prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, goat respiratory syncytial, bovine leukemia, and bluetongue viral antibodies in sheep. | sera from healthy sheep were collected in january and march 1982 from flocks of sheep located in southwestern and southeastern louisiana. these sera were tested for bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, and goat respiratory syncytial virus (grsv) antibodies by microtitration virus-neutralization test. the sera were tested also for bovine leukemia virus (blv) and bluetongue virus (btv) antibodies by immunodiffusion tests. the number of flo ... | 1984 | 6329044 |
| morphology of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the morphology of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was studied by electron microscopy. the nadl strain of bvdv was plaque purified 3 times, concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation, and purified by centrifugation to equilibrium in continuous potassium tartrate density-gradients. the virus was examined by negative-stain electron microscopy in the presence or absence of specific antiserum. the density of bvdv was between 1.101 g/cm3 and 1.174 g/cm3, with the peak at maximum infectivity ... | 1984 | 6329046 |
| effect of levamisole on induced bovine viral diarrhea. | the effect of levamisole in calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus was evaluated in a double-blind study. the infection was mild and there was no difference in severity of infection or speed of recovery between levamisole-treated and 0.9% nacl solution-treated (control) calves. also, the serum antibody titers and viral recovery data of these calves were comparable. the white blood cell counts were consistently higher in the treated group than in the control group, with t ... | 1983 | 6352580 |
| the neutralizing peroxidase-linked assay for detection of antibody against swine fever virus. | the neutralizing peroxidase-linked antibody ( npla ) assay was standardized and compared with the micro-plaque reduction test (prt) on series of sera from pigs infected with different strains of swine fever virus (sfv) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), swine fever reference sera and field sera. the npla system was found to be as sensitive as the prt, it detected sfv antibody in 17 out of 18 pigs 3 weeks after intranasal exposure and differentiated between antibody against sfv and bvdv. wi ... | 1984 | 6375112 |
| replication of five bovine respiratory viruses in cultured bovine alveolar macrophages. | the replication of five bovine respiratory viruses in cultured bovine alveolar macrophages (bam) was investigated. the bovine herpesvirus dn-599 strain did not cause cytophatic effect (cpe), extracellular virus and intracellular antigen were not demonstrated. although a small number of bovine respiratory syncytial virions were consistently released and about 1 percent of the bam were fluorescence antibody (fa) positive the virus caused no cpe. infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus caused cpe a ... | 1983 | 6404239 |
| a survey of hairy shaker disease (border disease, hypomyelinogenesis congenita) in sheep. | a survey by mail in 1979 of 995 sheep farmers in victoria enquiring as to the occurrence of hairy shaker disease (hsd) in lambs on their farms resulted in a 48% response. a total of 17 farms reported the presence of hsd. one hundred and eleven ewes produced lambs with hsd representing a small proportion only of the ewes (0.8%) on these farms and an even smaller percentage of the total ewes (0.03%) in the survey. abortions were not prevalent on the majority of farms reporting hsd. there was no ev ... | 1984 | 6497789 |
| attempts to use thiabendazole to improve the immune response in dexamethasone-treated or stressed cattle. | thiabendazole was evaluated in two separate experiments for its ability to enhance the immune response in dexamethasone-treated or stressed cattle. in the first experiment the cattle received either no drug treatment (controls), dexamethasone intramuscularly (im), or dexamethasone im plus thiabendazole orally. all animals were inoculated with heat-killed brucella abortus strain 19, equine ferritin, tetanus toxoid, and live corynebacterium equi at the time dexamethasone therapy was initiated. dex ... | 1984 | 6519958 |
| pathophysiology of gravidity. | regulating processes during embryonal and fetal growth are discussed (genes, hormones). due to viral infections there can be disorder of fetal life (resorption, mumification, abortion and malformations). mucosal disease is hold up as an example to describe that it depends on the moment of infection, on the development of immunologic competence and on the qualities of the virus, what happens after infection. the development of immunologic competence is considered carefully. an infection with muco ... | 1983 | 6683837 |
| [mucosal disease virus as a cause of enzootic abortion in cattle in czechoslovakia]. | bovine viral diarrhoea -- mucosal disease (bvd-md) virus was demonstrated on some farms as the causal agent of enzootic abortions in cattle. on the whole, five non-cytopathogenic strains of the bvd-md virus were isolated from the organs of aborted foetuses of different age and prematurely born calves. the strains were identified by the direct immunofluorescence method. the same method was also used in detecting the virus antigen in the organs and tissues of colostrum deprived prematurely born ca ... | 1981 | 6794211 |
| virus-like particles, 45 to 65 nm, in intestinal contents of neonatal calves. | enveloped virus particles 45 to 65 nm in diameter, tentatively called minicorona virus, were detected by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of one normal and seven diarrheic calves in quebec dairy herds. the agent was shown to be antigenically unrelated to the nebraska calf diarrhea coronavirus and to the bovine viral diarrhea virus by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and fluorescent-antibody techniques. antibodies against these particles were demonstrated in the serum of affected calves ... | 1983 | 6831311 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus in quebec: antibody prevalence and disease outbreak. | the prevalence of antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in quebec and the role of the virus in a respiratory disease outbreak was investigated. the indirect immunofluorescent, neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition techniques were used to carry out this study. of the 1,444 adult animals examined 519 (35.9%) had antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. these positive reactors were found in each agricultural region of quebec. the highest (53.0%) and the lowest (21.8%) prev ... | 1980 | 7000320 |
| indirect immunofluorescence using f(ab')2-immunoreagents for the demonstration of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) antigen in lymphoid tissue. | | 1980 | 7013454 |
| response to neonatally thymectomized holstein calves to bacille calmette guérin. | neonatally thymectomized and intact holstein calves were inoculated intradermally with bacille calmette guérin mycobacteria at 4 to 6 months of age. the immune response of the calves was evaluated by in vitro lymphocyte stimulation, with a purified protein derivative of mycobacterium bovis, and by a cervical skin test. eight of te calves had been previously infected at 7 to 15 weeks of age with bovine viral diarrhea virus. the cutaneous and in vitro immune responses were not different in neonata ... | 1982 | 7049022 |
| increased incidence of bovine papular stomatitis in neonatal calves. | a high incidence of bovine papular stomatitis (bps) occurred in neonatal calves following neonatal thymectomy and antilymphocyte globulin treatment, sham thymectomy, treatment with normal horse globulin and in untreated calves. the source of bps virus was not identified but was suspected to be latent in the calves and activated by thymectomy although no experimental evidence directly supported this conclusion. the potential for activation of a latent bps infection was indicated by an apparent re ... | 1982 | 7103738 |
| detection of bacteremia in cattle inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus infection of cattle interfered with normal blood clearance mechanisms, as evidenced by the detection of an endogenous bacteremia in up to 85% of infected calves during the first 5 days after infection. the occurrence of detectable bacteremia correlated with the period of leukopenia and depression of lymphocyte responses to mitogens. noninoculated control animals, reinoculated immune calves, or calves inoculated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus yielded cons ... | 1981 | 7258771 |
| examination of uterine biopsies from infertile cows for the presence of viruses and mycoplasmas. | uterine biopsies from 45 infertile cows were examined for the presence of mycoplasmas, bovine viral diarhoea--mucosal disease virus, bovine syncytial virus and other viruses. no viruses were detected. ureaplasmas were isolated from four cows, two clinically normal and two with nodular vulvovaginitis. | 1980 | 7414068 |
| antibody responses by cattle after vaccination with commercial viral vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus immunogens and subsequent revaccination at day 140. | calves were vaccinated with four different commercial viral vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) immunogens. for the initial vaccination certain vaccines were given twice (days 0 and 28), whereas other vaccines were given on day 0. the calves received another injection on day 140 with the vaccine originally given on day 0. the sera were collected at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 5 ... | 1995 | 7483787 |
| brain lesions in calves following transplacental infection with bovine-virus diarrhoea virus. | in 33 calves and subadult cattle of the holstein-friesian breed ranging from 1 to 210 days of age, the spectrum of brain lesions induced by intra-uterine infection with bovine-virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was retrospectively analysed. of these, 27 animals originated from herds with a long history of bvd. six calves were derived from dams vaccinated between the 90th and 118th day of gestation with a bvd live vaccine. the most frequent lesion was cerebellar hypoplasia, being present in 25 out of 3 ... | 1995 | 7483906 |
| an rna pseudoknot is an essential structural element of the internal ribosome entry site located within the hepatitis c virus 5' noncoding region. | translation of the human hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna genome occurs by a mechanism known as "internal ribosome entry." this unusual strategy of translation is employed by naturally uncapped picornaviral genomic rnas and several cellular mrnas. a common feature of these rnas is a relatively long 5' noncoding region (ncr) that folds into a complex secondary structure harboring an internal ribosome entry site (ires). evidence derived from the use of dicistronic expression systems, combined with an e ... | 1995 | 7489514 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen and rna in oviduct and granulosa cells of persistently infected cattle. | large-scale in vitro bovine embryo production systems commonly use genital tracts obtained from an abattoir as a source of both cumulus-oocyte complexes and co-culture feeder cells. tissues derived from this source may be contaminated with non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) since, in several countries surveyed, approximately 1% of animals tested are persistently infected with this pathogen. therefore, the use of such material in in vitro fertilization systems presents a poten ... | 1995 | 7490710 |
| immune response to bovine viral diarrhea virus induced by anti-idiotypic antibodies. | we have previously prepared rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ids) against the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the gp53 of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). the anti-ids, purified by sequential immunoaffinity chromatography, inhibited the immunizing mab from binding to the original antigens and blocked bvdv infection of cell cultures. this study evaluated immune responses in mice to the purified anti-id reagents. bvdv-specific neutralizing antibodies were induced by ... | 1994 | 7496930 |
| effect of bvd virus infection on alveolar macrophage functions. | alveolar macrophages (am) were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from a group of eight calves at various times before and after inoculation with a cytopathic respiratory isolate of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). a second group of four calves were given tissue culture medium as a control inoculum. macrophages were also recovered from two additional, uninoculated calves, and were exposed to bvdv in vitro. tests were carried out on the recovered macrophages to determine the effects of the v ... | 1995 | 7502482 |
| identification of cell membrane proteins linked to susceptibility to bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection. | three monoclonal antibodies directed against cell surface molecules of bovine cells inhibited subsequent infections with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). they specifically blocked the infectivity of three non-cytopathogenic and three cytopathogenic bvdv strains. these results showed that an important mechanism for virus uptake was inhibited. the ligand of the monoclonal antibody bvd/ca 17, which blocked infectivity most efficiently, was found on leukocytes from a wide range of domestic and w ... | 1995 | 7503697 |
| immunogens of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a ubiquitous pathogen of cattle that induces economically important diseases affecting multiple organ systems. in the united states, over 150 biological products are licensed for control of bvdv. these products contain live or killed bvdv, and many products contain other viruses or bacteria. potency tests for these vaccines are based on animal inoculation and serology. for live virus vaccines, titration of viral infectivity in cell culture is an accepted alt ... | 1993 | 7509538 |
| noncytopathic strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus prime bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages for enhanced generation of nitric oxide. | bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages (bbmm) were infected in vitro with a cytopathic (cp) and a noncytopathic (ncp) biotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). the virus strains used, tgan (ncp) and tgac (cp), originate from one animal and are antigenically closely related. both tgac and tgan infected a subset of bbmm. only cp bvdv induced a cytopathic effect. infection of bbmm resulted in the modulation of certain macrophage functions. only ncp strains of bvdv primed bbmm for enhanced reac ... | 1994 | 7520240 |
| rapid characterization of new pestivirus strains by direct sequencing of pcr-amplified cdna from the 5' noncoding region. | reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used for the rapid laboratory diagnosis of pestivirus infections. a direct dna sequencing method was developed for the analysis of the amplified cdna from the 5' noncoding region of the viral genome. 70 pestivirus strains were compared in this study. sequence analysis allowed the characterization of each isolate as either classical swine fever virus (csfv), bovine viral diarrhea virus, or border disease virus, respecti ... | 1994 | 7529990 |
| uses of flow cytometry in virology. | this article reviews some of the published applications of flow cytometry for in vitro and in vivo detection and enumeration of virus-infected cells. sample preparation, fixation, and permeabilization techniques for a number of virus-cell systems are evaluated. the use of flow cytometry for multiparameter analysis of virus-cell interactions for simian virus 40, herpes simplex viruses, human cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus and its use for determining the effect of antiviral comp ... | 1994 | 7530594 |
| comparison of an antigen capture enzyme-linked assay with reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction and cell culture immunoperoxidase tests for the diagnosis of ruminant pestivirus infections. | a study to compare the merits of three different tests for the diagnosis of ruminant pestivirus infections was carried out. sensitivity studies using reference strains of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and buffy coat samples from persistently infected (pi) carriers showed the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) had a greater sensitivity than the other tests. the antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was least sensitive and could only be used on sampl ... | 1995 | 7536370 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of bovine herpesvirus type 1 isolates from calves with fatal encephalitis: comparison with vaccine virus. | meningo-encephalitis in feedlot cattle sporadically occurred in the tokachi area in northern japan. the calves had been vaccinated intranasally with a mixed live-vaccine (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus, and parainfluenza 3 virus) for which intramuscular inoculation was indicated. two additional live vaccines, bovine adenovirus type 7 and bovine respiratory syncytical virus, had been inoculated simultaneously. eleven isolates of bovine herpesv ... | 1995 | 7548427 |
| partial sequencing of hog cholera virus alfort strain genome and its comparison with other pestivirus strains. | after molecular rna cloning of the alfort strain (alfort/lcrv) of hog cholera virus (hcv), the nucleotide sequence of about 70% of the total genome was determined. this sequence was compared with homologous parts of previously published pestivirus genomes. the average homology with another clone of the alfort strain (alfort/frc) was found to be lower (86.1%) than with brescia strain of hcv (94.3%), while, compared with nadl, osloss and sd-1 (3 different strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus, bv ... | 1995 | 7550401 |
| antigenic differences between a field isolate and vaccine strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | antigenic diversity among the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) cytopathic strains 87-2552 (field isolate) and nadl and singer (prototype strains) was demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent, immunofluorescence, virus neutralization, and immunoprecipitation assays. two mabs against bvdv strain 87-2552, designated d11 and b7, strongly neutralized this field strain and were specific for the 48-kda glycoprotein of the virus. these two mabs have different subis ... | 1995 | 7559968 |
| prevalence of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus in 20 dairy herds in two counties in central michigan and comparison of prevalence of antibody-positive cattle among herds with different infection and vaccination status. | all cattle in 20 dairy herds randomly selected from herds participating in the dairy herd improvement association program in 2 counties in central michigan were tested for the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). virus-positive animals were retested to ascertain persistent infection with the virus. a total of 5,481 animals were tested for presence of bvdv. in 9 of the herds, all animals were also tested for virus neutralizing antibody titer. based on infection and vaccination status, ... | 1995 | 7578445 |
| application of antibody titers against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) as a measure to detect herds with cattle persistently infected with bvdv. | based on the distribution of antibody titers against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in 10 michigan dairy herds, it was calculated that screening of 5 young stock for bvdv antibody titer could be used to distinguish herds with persistently infected (pi) animals from herds without such animals. the herds were selected to represent 3 different herd categories: a, herds without use of vaccination and without pi animals (5 herds); b, herds with use of killed vaccine but no pi animals (2 herds); c ... | 1995 | 7578446 |
| effect of cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) superinfection on viral antigen association with platelets, viremia, and specific antibody levels in two heifers persistently infected with noncytopathic bvdv. | | 1995 | 7578459 |
| effect of formalin fixation and long-term storage on the detectability of bovine viral-diarrhoea-virus (bvdv) rna in archival brain tissue using polymerase chain reaction. | detection of dna or rna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) may be hindered by degradation of nucleic acids during tissue collection, preparation and archivation. this study describes investigations on the effect of formalin fixation and prolonged storage of paraffin-embedded tissues on bovine viral-diarrhoea (bvd)-virus rna as a model system. brain tissues from eight persistently bvdv-infected calves containing high amounts of the virus were fixed ... | 1994 | 7597858 |
| seroprevalence of bovine immunodeficiency-virus (biv) antibodies in the cattle population in germany. | serum samples from 380 cattle were analysed for the presence of bovine immunodeficiency-virus (biv) antibodies by focus immunoassay (cell-elisa) and immunofluorescence assay (ifa). all specimens originated from dairy farms in the eastern part of germany, which had been randomly collected during the period 1989-1991. the cattle were clinically healthy and free of bovine leukaemia virus (blv) and bovine-virus diarrhoea-virus (bvdv) antibodies. infection of cell lines with biv was monitored by sync ... | 1994 | 7597862 |
| flow cytometric analyses of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues of gnotobiotic calves during primary acute postnatal infections of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | eight 1-day-old gnotobiotic calves were exposed to one of 2 noncytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncp-bvdv 7937 and ncp-bvdv 126) and 2 similar calves were not infected and served as controls. phenotypic analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes at 3, 7, and 10 days postinfection (pi), and cell preparations of thymus, peyer's patch, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and bone marrow collected at necropsy, 10 days pi, were conducted using flow cytometric techniques on cells ... | 1994 | 7598787 |
| the drosophila melanogaster genome contains a member of the rh/t2/s-glycoprotein family of ribonuclease-encoding genes. | members of the rh/t2/s-glycoprotein family of ribonuclease(rnase)-encoding genes have been found predominantly in fungi, plants and bacteria, where they have been implicated in functions as diverse as the phosphate-starvation response and self-incompatibility. we report the isolation and sequence of dmrnase-66b, the first member of this family to be found in an insect genome. this gene was identified by the analysis of a cdna clone derived from cytological region 66b1-2 of the genome of drosophi ... | 1995 | 7607542 |
| genomic organization of gb viruses a and b: two new members of the flaviviridae associated with gb agent hepatitis. | the genomes of two positive-strand rna viruses have recently been cloned from the serum of a gb agent-infected tamarin by using representational difference analysis. the two agent, gb viruses a and b (gbv-a and gbv-b, respectively), have genomes of 9,493 and 9,143 nucleotides, respectively, and single large open reading frames that encode potential polyprotein precursors of 2,972 and 2,864 amino acids, respectively. the genomes of these agents are organized much like those of other pestiviruses ... | 1995 | 7637008 |
| the 5'-untranslated region sequence of a potential new genotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the 5' untranslated region (utr) of several bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates from the severe quebec outbreak was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequenced. sequences revealed the loss, for the bvdv type ii isolates, of an internal psti restriction site, which is present in all known bvdv type 1 5' utr sequences. a single restriction enzyme digestion (psti) of an aliquot of pcr product allowed us to differentiate bvdv type i and bvdv type ii. | 1995 | 7646359 |
| the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a population of feedlot calves in western canada. | the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection was examined in a population of 5129 recently weaned steer calves entering a large feedlot in central saskatchewan from september to december 1991. serum samples were collected within 24 h of arrival at the feedlot from every fifth calf processed and again 96 d postarrival. a microtiter virus isolation test was used to determine the prevalence of calves viremic with bvdv on entry to the feedlot. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ... | 1995 | 7648532 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: biotypes and disease. | bovine viral diarrhea virus continues to produce significant economic losses for the cattle industry and challenges investigators with the complexity of diseases it produces and the mechanisms by which it causes disease. this paper updates and attempts to clarify information regarding the roles of noncytopathic and cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses in persistent infections and mucosal disease. it also covers, in brief, what is known of the new diseases: thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic di ... | 1995 | 7648541 |
| comparison of the p125 coding region of bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | the p125 (p54/p80) coding region of two cytopathic (cp) strains (oregon and singer) and two noncytopathic (ncp) strains (ny-1 and draper) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. the sequence data confirmed that the two cp strains do not possess any insertion or deletion in their p125 gene as observed in many other cp strains. in the p80, which showed a high amino acid sequence homology among all strains, no amino acid substitut ... | 1995 | 7653028 |
| assessment of protection from systemic infection or disease afforded by low to intermediate titers of passively acquired neutralizing antibody against bovine viral diarrhea virus in calves. | colostrum-deprived calves (n = 24) were fed various amounts of colostrum, colostrum substitute, or milk replacer to establish a range in titer of passively acquired viral neutralizing antibody in serum. the calves were then challenge exposed intranasally with a virulent, noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv-890). after viral challenge exposure, calves were monitored for fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. in addition, viral isolation and viral titration were performed o ... | 1995 | 7653884 |
| development of a pcr amplification assay as a screening test using bulk milk samples for identifying dairy herds infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the approach of cdna synthesis followed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification was used to develop a rapid screening test for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in bulk tank milk samples. the initial development of this detection method was done using lactating holstein cows; 1 acutely infected with bvdv following experimental inoculation and 2 persistently infected (pi) with bvdv. viral rna was extracted from somatic cells purified from whole milk using a guanidinium ... | 1995 | 7667908 |
| delayed onset postvaccinal mucosal disease as a result of genetic recombination between genotype 1 and genotype 2 bvdv. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) are segregated into two genotypes, bvdv 1 and bvdv 2. viruses within both genotypes may exist as one of two biotypes, cytopathic or noncytopathic. a highly fatal form of bvdv termed mucosal disease (md) occurs when an animal persistently infected with noncytopathic bvdv becomes superinfected with cytopathic bvdv. in this study, we characterized a noncytopathic (bvdv2-125nc)/cytopathic (bvdv2-125c) viral pair isolated from an animal that died of md 3 months af ... | 1995 | 7676642 |
| the genomic sequence of a virulent bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) from the type 2 genotype: detection of a large genomic insertion in a noncytopathic bvdv. | a second genotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus, bvdv genotype 2 or bvdv 2, has been identified based on phylogenic analysis of sequences from the 5' untranslated region of the viral rna. in this study, we derived the complete nucleic acid sequence of a virulent bvdv 2 virus, bvdv2-890, isolated from an animal that died of an acute uncomplicated bvdv infection. bvdv2-890 is noncytopathic in cell culture and does not produce a p80 viral polypeptide. the orf of bvdv2-890 is 11,922 nucleotide base ... | 1995 | 7676648 |
| single and double polymerase chain reaction for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in tissue culture and sera. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an ubiquitous pathogen of cattle and has been reported in other ruminants. it is also frequently present in laboratory and biological materials as an adventitious agent. this virus is difficult to detect in some specimens, especially in the presence of specific antibody and when the virus is present in low concentrations. in this paper, we describe a single polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify virus sequences from infected cell culture and a nested dou ... | 1993 | 7685192 |
| an immunoplaque assay distinguishing between cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic biotypes of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | cytopathogenic (cp) and noncytopathogenic (ncp) biotypes of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) could be clearly distinguished by hollow plaques with peripheral immunostaining in infected fetal calf kidney (fck) monolayers cultures or the appearance of homogenously stained immunoplaques (ips), respectively. of 70 bvdv isolates formerly classified as cytopathogenic according to microscopic observations in fck cell cultures, 46 produced ips of both types while the remaining 24 isolates induced onl ... | 1993 | 7686708 |
| characterization of structural and non-structural proteins of hog cholera virus by means of monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies, produced against the hog cholera virus, were characterized by radioimmunoprecipitation assays. using this panel, we were able to identify 4 sets of monoclonal antibodies precipitating each a different viral protein with relative molecular weight of 40, 46, 120 kda, respectively, and a protein complex containing 15, 16, 27, and 55 kda polypeptides which were further characterized. one monoclonal antibody recognized an antigenic determinant at the c-terminal cl ... | 1993 | 7688508 |
| detection of bovine virus diarrhoea virus rna by in situ hybridisation with digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes. | a non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (ish) method has been developed for the detection of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) rna. the technique is highly specific and allows the detection of bvdv in formalin-fixed paraffin-wax-embedded sections. digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes were generated to the coding region for the p125 non-structural protein and consequently it was possible to locate the virus positive-sense rna in bvdv-infected tissues. formalin-fixed tissues are ideal for ish, combining ... | 1994 | 7698882 |
| a seroepidemiological study of the importance in cow-calf pairs of respiratory and enteric viruses in beef operations from northwestern quebec. | serum antibody analyses for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine coronavirus (bcv), and bovine rotavirus (brv) were performed on 527 randomly selected cows, before calving, and on 407 three-week-old calves. in cows and calves, bcv and brv were the most seroprevalent viruses (80% to 100% according to virus and vaccination status). bovine respiratory syncytial virus was the least seroprevalent in the cows, independ ... | 1995 | 7704839 |
| rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus by using rna extracted directly from assorted specimens and a one-tube reverse transcription pcr assay. | we describe a simple method for the rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) that uses a one-tube reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) and total rna extracted directly from a variety of bovine specimens, including whole blood and tissues. reagents for both rt and pcr were combined in a one-tube, single-buffer system, and amplification was performed with a single uninterrupted thermal cycling program. using the novel cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate (catrimox-14) ... | 1995 | 7714180 |
| a double monoclonal antibody elisa for detecting pestivirus antigen in the blood of viraemic cattle and sheep. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) has been produced to the p125/p80 non-structural polypeptide of border disease virus (bdv) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). this polypeptide appears to be highly conserved among bdv and bvdv isolates and consequently the mabs directed against it have a broad cross-reactivity with pestivirus isolates. the epitope specificities of these mabs were determined by competitive binding and four of the mabs with mutually exclusive epitope specificities were ... | 1995 | 7716885 |
| impact of bovine viral diarrhea virus on reproductive performance in cattle. | the major economic impact of bvdv infections is in producing reproductive dysfunctions. the virus can have a detrimental impact on the developing fetus at all stages, but the most severe consequences occur early in gestation. the virus is maintained in the bovine population through the production of pi offspring. only the ncb biotype of the virus can produce pi calves. the ncb biotypes is the one that produces the vast majority of bvdv infections and, as a consequence, the greatest economic loss ... | 1994 | 7728633 |
| immunocytochemical evidence of listeria, escherichia coli, and streptococcus antigens in crohn's disease. | infectious agents have long been suspected of playing a role in the initiation of crohn's disease. the objective of this study was to search for likely microbial agents in diseased tissues using immunocytochemical techniques. | 1995 | 7729631 |
| a proposed division of the pestivirus genus using monoclonal antibodies, supported by cross-neutralisation assays and genetic sequencing. | sixty-six pestiviruses from ruminant and porcine hosts were analysed with a panel of 76 monoclonal antibodies raised against 9 different viruses. reactivity was used to construct epitope similarity maps for all of the viruses. four principal virus subgroups were demonstrated. one subgroup equated to classical swine fever virus (csfv) and included most porcine pestiviruses but none from ruminants. a second subgroup contained mainly viruses of bovine origin, including reference bovine viral diarrh ... | 1995 | 7735309 |
| isolation of a mutant mdbk cell line resistant to bovine viral diarrhea virus infection due to a block in viral entry. | a cell line, termed crib, resistant to infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been derived from the mdbk bovine kidney cell line. crib cells were obtained by selection and cloning of cells surviving infection with a highly cytolytic bvdv strain. crib cells contain no detectable infectious or defective bvdv as ascertained by cocultivation, animal inoculation, indirect immunofluorescence, western immunoblot, northern hybridization, and rna pcr. inoculation of crib cells with 24 cyto ... | 1995 | 7747428 |
| further characterization of border disease virus isolates: evidence for the presence of more than three species within the genus pestivirus. | the molecular analysis of three ovine pestivirus strains revealed the existence of two distinct groups of sheep-derived pestiviruses, namely "true" border disease virus strains (bdv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-like strains. as an extension of these studies rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing of the autoprotease (npro) and nucleocapsid protein (c) encoding regions of additional serologically defined ovine pestivirus strains were performed. a comparison of npro and c revealed that three o ... | 1995 | 7747470 |
| serum concentrations of thyroid hormones in calves with a transient or persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) often appear small for their age and it is possible that the virus interferes with their body metabolism by affecting the production of hormones. in this study, the serum concentrations of thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) were measured in calves with transient or persistent bvdv infections. the mean (sd) concentrations of t3 and t4 were lower (p < 0.001) in the persistently infected calves (1.79 [0.67] and 69.2 [23.8] ... | 1995 | 7761700 |
| evaluation of an antigen-capture elisa for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle blood samples. | from blood samples routinely received for bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) diagnosis, 860 samples without antibodies to bvd virus were examined in both virus isolation and in an antigen-detecting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the nonstructural bvd virus protein p125/p80. a total of 843 samples (98%) were positive (n = 170, 20%) or negative (n = 673, 78%) in both tests, corresponding to an agreement of kappa = 0.94. among 17 samples with diverg ... | 1995 | 7779967 |
| identification of herd-specific bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolates from infected cattle and sheep. | thirteen pestiviruses isolated from ruminants on four different farms in sweden were compared antigenically and genetically. on two farms, viruses were isolated from both cattle and sheep, a third farm contained only sheep and a fourth only cattle. seven viruses were isolated from six different cattle and six viruses were isolated from five different sheep. epitope conservation between the viruses was studied with a panel of 32 monoclonal antibodies, revealing that all of the isolates were bvdv- ... | 1995 | 7785188 |
| [development of pcr tests for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and pestiviruses]. | the development of pcr assays for detection of bhv-1, brsv, bvdv and another pestiviruses is summarized. a polymerase chain reaction assay based on primers selected from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size (468 bp) was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goat. the pcr ass ... | 1994 | 7817501 |
| pestivirus translation initiation occurs by internal ribosome entry. | the role of the 385 nucleotide 5' noncoding region (ncr) in the translation of the pestivirus genome was investigated. in vitro translation of an rna transcript containing the 5' ncr of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genome followed by the coding sequence of the first gene product (p20) of the bvdv large open reading frame resulted in the synthesis of a 20-kda polypeptide. results from hybrid-arrest translation studies identified a region involving a predicted rna stem-loop structure spa ... | 1995 | 7831836 |
| virological and pathological findings in sheep fetuses following experimental infection of pregnant ewes with cytopathogenic-bovine-virus diarrhoea virus. | eighteen pregnant merino ewes were inoculated intravenously between days 65 and 68 of gestation with the unpurified cytopathogenic (cp) bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain indiana (experiment i). in experiment ii, three ewes were inoculated with the same virus after two successive plaque isolations in order to compare its pathogenicity for the fetus with special regard to lesions in the fetal brain. in experiment i, fetal blood and tissue samples, allantoic fluids and placentomes were col ... | 1994 | 7839747 |
| stability of the gp53 gene of a bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolated at different times from a persistently infected steer. | | 1994 | 7850450 |
| pestivirus ns3 (p80) protein possesses rna helicase activity. | the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) p80 protein (referred to here as the ns3 protein) contains amino acid sequence motifs predictive of three enzymatic activities: serine proteinase, nucleoside triphosphatase, and rna helicase. we have previously demonstrated that the former two enzymatic activities are associated with this protein. here, we show that a purified recombinant bvdv ns3 protein derived from baculovirus-infected insect cells possesses rna helicase activity. bvdv ns3 rna ... | 1995 | 7853509 |
| high level expression of the envelope glycoprotein (gp53) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (singer) and its potential use as diagnostic reagent. | a 1.74-kb cdna fragment containing the gp53 coding region has been cloned from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain singer by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). sequence analysis indicated that gp53 of bvdv strains singer, nadl and sd-1 shared extensive sequence homology at both the rna (85-94%) and protein (82-91%) levels. nineteen cysteine residues and five potential n-linked glycosylation sites were identified within the sequenced region, all of which were conserv ... | 1994 | 7856309 |
| comparative analysis of the 5' non-coding region of pestivirus rna detected from live virus vaccines. | comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences in the 5' non-coding region (ncr) of pestivirus rna detected from live porcine and human virus vaccines indicated that the contaminants are of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and that there are at least three genotypes, which are distinct from hog cholera virus, among the bvdv strains. most of the nucleotide changes in variable regions of the 5' ncr were covariant, with complementary substitutions at other positions for secondary structures. the p ... | 1994 | 7865600 |
| double blind field evaluation of a trivalent vaccine against respiratory disease in veal calves. | a field trial was performed to determine the effect of a trivalent vaccine on clinical respiratory tract problems (crtp) in veal calves. the vaccine has been developed to increase immunity against the causal agents of ibr, bvd and brsv infection. in total 928 calves, housed in 16 compartments of one herd, were involved. in four compartments of 58 calves each, vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves were housed together. four other compartments were treated as a whole and 8 compartments were left un ... | 1994 | 7871698 |
| genetic heterogeneity within the coding regions of e2 and ns3 in strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | we have amplified and sequenced parts of the genomes of eleven laboratory strains of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus originating from north america, new zealand and europe. the cumulative nucleotide (nt) sequence heterogeneity of the amplified fragments located in the analysed region of the gene encoding the nonstructural protein ns3 (p80) was 24% as compared to 47% for e2 (gp53). the nt substitutions in the e2 region resulted in replacements in 42% of amino acid (aa) positions, while the dedu ... | 1995 | 7875587 |
| enteric pathogens in intensively reared veal calves. | observations were made on development of diarrhea in special-fed calves (n = 460) on 8 commercial facilities during 2 successive 16-week production cycles at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16. a total of 23% were affected, with peak number of calves with diarrhea observed at week 0. suspected enteropathogens were identified in 86% of these calves, most commonly cryptosporidia, coronavirus, and rotavirus. identified potential zoonotic pathogens included giardia and salmonella spp and verotoxigenic esc ... | 1994 | 7879973 |
| a congenital abnormality of calves, suggestive of a new type of arthropod-borne virus infection. | about 1000 calves with a congenital disease were born in kagoshima prefecture, japan, between october 1990 and october 1991, the peaks of the epidemic being in march and july 1991. of 85 abnormal calves examined pathologically and serologically, 70 appeared to have been suffering from a viral disease. of these 70 animals, 17 had lesions bearing some resemblance to those of the diseases produced by akabane, chuzan, aino, bluetongue and bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease viruses-diseases known ... | 1994 | 7884059 |
| unusual folding regions and ribosome landing pad within hepatitis c virus and pestivirus rnas. | a statistically significant folding region is identified in the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) of hepatitis c virus (hcv), bovine viral diarrhea virus and hog cholera virus. this unusual folding region (ufr) detected in hcv encompasses 199 nucleotides (nt) and coincides with the reported internal ribosome entry site or ribosome landing pad (rlp), as determined by the 5' and 3' deletions [tsukiyama-kohara et al., j. virol. 66 (1992) 1476-1483]. the rna structure predicted in the ufr of hcv consi ... | 1995 | 7890155 |
| polymerase chain reaction (pcr) search for viral nucleic acid sequences in schizophrenia. | previous studies looking for evidence of viral infection in schizophrenics have yielded conflicting results. we searched for viral nucleic acids to test the hypothesis of the viral aetiology of schizophrenia. | 1995 | 7894877 |
| immunosuppression as a factor in allowing mucosal disease to occur. | in order to verify the role of immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection, two experiments have been carried out. in one experiment, calves previously infected with cytopathogenic (cp) or non-cytopathogenic (ncp) bvdv were treated with dexamethasone (dms) 30 days later. in the other experiment, calves were simultaneously exposed to bvdv infection and to dms treatment. in both experiments the dms treated calves developed a more serious disease which in o ... | 1994 | 7924248 |
| segregation of bovine viral diarrhea virus into genotypes. | isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were segregated into two groups based on comparison of sequences from the 5' untranslated region (utr) of the viral genome. phylogenic analysis suggested that these groups, termed bvdv i and bvdv ii, are as different from each other as reference bvdv (bvdv-nadl, bvdv-sd-1, bvdv-osloss) are from hog cholera virus. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests, based on the 5' untranslated region and the genomic region coding for the p125 polypeptide, were de ... | 1994 | 7975238 |
| effect of acute infection with noncytopathic or cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates on bovine platelets. | a total of 21 calves were inoculated i.v. with 1 of the following isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv); cd87 (n = 10), ny-1 (n = 3), nadl (n = 5), or were sham-inoculated with virus-free medium (n = 3). subsequent to inoculation, platelet counts were monitored to detect differences between noncytopathic (cd87, ny-1) and cytopathic (nadl) isolates in their ability to induce thrombocytopenia. platelet count decrease throughout infection was statistically analyzed by comparing the slope o ... | 1994 | 7978652 |
| border disease virus: delineation by monoclonal antibodies. | many ovine pestiviruses from britain and a number of atypical porcine isolates are largely unrecognised by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for reference strains of classical swine fever virus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). additional mabs have therefore been produced using some of these "unreactive" pestiviruses. two of the viruses used were atypical porcine isolates (strains 87/6 and vosges), whilst another had been isolated from a sheep (59386). thirty-three mabs were selected, ... | 1994 | 7979965 |
| clinical consequences of a bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection in a dairy herd: a longitudinal study. | the clinical consequences of infections with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were studied in a herd of dairy cattle, where bvdv circulated for approximately 2.5 years. of the 136 cows that were subject to a primary infection, 129 remained healthy, 5 had mild signs, and 2 became severely ill; 1 of these 2 died from a concurrent puerperal infection. in spite of the predominantly subclinical infection, a gradual decrease of 10% or more in milk production, occurring within 10 days, was observed ... | 1994 | 7985352 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the structural gene coding region of the pestivirus border disease virus. | border disease virus (bdv) of sheep, an important ovine pathogen, is serologically related to the two other well characterized members of the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae family, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and hog cholera virus (hocv). to determine its genetic relationship to bvdv and hocv, the genome of bdv strain, bd-78 encompassing the 5' untranslated region (utr) and structural gene coding region was molecularly cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. the sequen ... | 1994 | 7985409 |
| detection of a cell line contaminated with hog cholera virus. | cell lines from the repository of the american type culture collection were examined for possible contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus. during testing, hog cholera virus (hcv) was detected in the ib-rs-2 d10 porcine kidney cell line. this variant of hcv was avirulent for pigs and seldom induced detectable concentrations of antibody against reference viruses (hcv-ames or bovine viral diarrhea virus-ny1) in serum of inoculated pigs. additionally, this variant of hcv did not confer protec ... | 1994 | 7989247 |
| survey of cell lines in the american type culture collection for bovine viral diarrhea virus. | cell lines originating from cattle, sheep, goat, deer, bison, swine, rabbit, hamster, cat, dog, monkey, human, and mosquito were obtained from the american type culture collection and tested for contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). immunocytochemical procedures and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification were used to detect viral antigen or viral rna in 13 of 41 cell lines. the results of these procedures correlated exactly. cell lines derived from cattle, sheep, goat, de ... | 1994 | 7989438 |