| rapid and efficient method to eliminate substances inhibitory to the polymerase chain reaction from animal fecal samples. | to detect pathogenic viruses in animal fecal specimens by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, it is important to remove or inactivate pcr-inhibitory substances. recently, it was reported that such inhibitory substances in human feces could be efficiently eliminated by a cationic surfactant, catrimox-14 (iowa biotechnology, iowa) during extraction of viral rna. in the present report, catrimox-14 was successfully applied to detect pathogenic viruses in fecal specimens from a variety of animals ... | 1996 | 8914252 |
| structural analysis of a mutation in canine parvovirus which controls antigenicity and host range. | a single mutation in canine parvovirus (cpv) of vp2 residue 300 from alanine to aspartic acid causes a loss of canine host range and alters the antigenic properties of the virus. the three-dimensional structure of this mutant has been solved to 3.25 a resolution. crystals of full particles were triclinic, with cell dimensions of a = 267.6, b = 268.5, c = 274.3 a. alpha = 61.9, beta = 62.6, and gamma = 60.2 degrees. the native structure of cpv was used as an initial model. phases were improved by ... | 1996 | 8918534 |
| assessment of maternal antibody decay and response to canine parvovirus vaccination using a clinic-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | interference caused by maternal antibodies is considered a major cause of canine parvovirus (cpv) vaccination failure. in this study, an immunoblot clinic-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method was used to detect cpv antibodies in sera of pregnant bitches and their offspring to study the response of pups to vaccination. with a easily accessible procedure for cpv antibody determination, the veterinarian should be able to gauge the response of pups after vaccination. the validity o ... | 1996 | 8953526 |
| bone marrow cytological findings in 4 dogs and a cat with hemophagocytic syndrome. | hemophagocytic syndrome or hemophagic histiocytosis was diagnosed in 4 dogs and 1 cat by evaluation of bone marrow aspirate smears. one of the dogs had a suspected infection with canine parvovirus and a confirmed infection with salmonella spp, 2 dogs had presumptive diagnoses of myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disease, respectively, and 1 dog died without a diagnosis. the cat had hepatic lipidosis and lesions compatible with feline calicivirus infection. all animals had cytopenias inv ... | 1996 | 8965270 |
| canine parvovirus capsid structure, analyzed at 2.9 a resolution. | the dna-containing capsid of canine parvovirus (cpv) is analyzed following atomic refinement at 2.9 a resolution. the capsid contains 60 copies of the capsid protein related by icosahedral symmetry. the atomic model has been extended from the first residue (gly37) of the unrefined 3.25 a structure towards the n terminus. the electron density shows that approximately 87% of the capsid proteins have n termini on the inside of the capsid, but for approximately 13%, the polypeptide starts on the out ... | 1996 | 8969301 |
| detection and genomic analysis of canine parvovirus by the polymerase chain reaction. | prevalence of canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) in japanese dogs and genomic variations among the virus strains were examined. two-step polymerase chain reaction with double-nested primer pairs designed in the ns and vp1/vp2 genes of cpv-2 was developed for the detection of the viral genome in faecal samples. a total of 74 samples obtained from diarrhoeal house dogs between 1993 and 1995 were tested by the pcr. the virus-positive rate was 54.1%, showing that cpv-2 is still involved in many cases ... | 1996 | 8976619 |
| expression of aleutian mink disease parvovirus capsid proteins in defined segments: localization of immunoreactive sites and neutralizing epitopes to specific regions. | the capsid proteins of the adv-g isolate of aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv) were expressed in 10 nonoverlapping segments as fusions with maltose-binding protein in pmal-c2 (pvp1, pvp2a through pvp2i). the constructs were designed to capture the vp1 unique sequence and the portions analogous to the four variable surface loops of canine parvovirus (cpv) in individual fragments (pvp2b, pvp2d, pvp2e, and pvp2g, respectively). the panel of fusion proteins was immunoblotted with sera from mink ... | 1997 | 8985402 |
| [the "other" parvovirus: first description of the minute virus of canines (canine parvovirus type 1) in germany]. | during an investigation of a late abortion in a yorkshire terrier minute virus of canines (mvc) antigen could be demonstrated in fetal tissues by immunofluorescence. the bitch had a high specific anti-mvc serum titer when tested about four weeks after the abortion. those results implicate an etiological role of mvc in this abortion and to our knowledge it presents the first described case of a mvc-associated abortion in germany. | 1996 | 8999601 |
| in vivo and in vitro characterization of two camelpoxvirus isolates with decreased virulence. | two camelpoxvirus (cpv) strains isolated from camels with generalized skin-disease were serially passaged on vero cells. various phenotypic properties were investigated in vitro and in vivo and compared with those of the corresponding wildtype strains. in many aspects no differences were observed. however, in a mouse model both passaged strains proved to be highly attenuated. in addition, both strains failed to replicate in a cell line derived from camel skin cells. comparison of physical maps e ... | 1996 | 9008960 |
| serological survey for diseases in free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) in yellowstone national park, wyoming. | from october 1989 to june 1993, we captured and sampled 110 coyotes (canis latrans) for various diseases in yellowstone national park, wyoming (usa). prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv) was 100% for adults (> 24 months old), 100% for yearlings (12 to 24 months old), and 100% for old pups (4 to 12 months old); 0% of the young pups (< 3 months old) had antibodies against cpv. presence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv) was associated with the age of the coyote, ... | 1997 | 9027690 |
| canine parvovirus infection, canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis: inclination to vaccinate and antibody response in the swedish dog population. | the inclination of dog owners to vaccinate was investigated by sending a questionnaire to randomly selected swedish dog-owning households. according to the owners (n = 538), 86.7% of the dogs had been vaccinated against cpv and 95.8% had been vaccinated against cd/ich. the inclination to vaccinate mixed breeds was significantly lower than the inclination to vaccinate pure-bred dogs. in a second study titres of cpv, cd and cav-1 virus antibodies were measured in 176 randomly selected dogs with kn ... | 1996 | 9050276 |
| plant-derived vaccine protects target animals against a viral disease. | the successful expression of animal or human virus epitopes on the surface of plant viruses has recently been demonstrated. these chimeric virus particles (cvps) could represent a cost-effective and safe alternative to conventional animal cell-based vaccines. we report the insertion of oligonucleotides coding for a short linear epitope from the vp2 capsid protein of mink enteritis virus (mev) into an infectious cdna clone of cowpea mosaic virus and the successful expression of the epitope on the ... | 1997 | 9062924 |
| epitope mapping of a monoclonal antibody specific to feline panleukopenia virus and mink enteritis virus. | to obtain monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) and mink enteritis virus (mev), 15 hybridomas secreting mabs against mev-abashiri were established and the properties of the mabs were analyzed. the cross-reactivity of mabs revealed that one mab, p2-215 was specific for fplv and mev, whereas the remaining fourteen mabs reacted with canine parvovirus (cpv), fplv, and mev. epitope analyses using various cpv/mev chimeric viruses revealed that the mab p2-215 recogn ... | 1997 | 9070987 |
| comparison of selected canine vaccines for their ability to induce protective immunity against canine parvovirus infection. | to compare the ability of 6 commercially available multicomponent canine vaccines to stimulate antibody production in pups with variable amounts of maternally derived canine parvovirus (cpv) antibody and to induce protective immunity against challenge exposure. | 1997 | 9099379 |
| the cowpox virus-encoded homolog of the vaccinia virus complement control protein is an inflammation modulatory protein. | vaccinia virus complement control protein (vcp) is encoded by vaccinia virus, with its homolog encoded by other pathogenic poxviruses including variola virus. since rodents are the primary reservoir hosts of cowpox virus (cpv) and since cpv encodes a highly conserved functional homolog of vcp, termed here the inflammation modulatory protein (imp), the effects of injection of cpv into the footpads of mice was determined in order to study the precise in vivo effects of imp. macroscopic examination ... | 1997 | 9123854 |
| tropic determinant for canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus functions through the capsid protein vp2. | canine parvovirus (cpv) can productively infect canine and feline cell lines whereas feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) is restricted to the latter. the major determinants of tropism are two amino acids in the sequence shared by the capsid proteins, vp1 and vp2. we have shown that a rodent parvovirus-derived transducing genome, containing the luciferase reporter, can be packaged by vp1 and vp2 from separate helper sources. canine a72 cells and feline cfk cells were transduced with recombinant viri ... | 1997 | 9129667 |
| serologic survey for selected viral pathogens in brown bears from italy. | blood samples were collected from six captive bears and nine free-ranging marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in the abruzzo national park, italy, between 1991 and 1995. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2, canine coronavirus, and canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2). serologic evidence of cdv and cpv-2-exposure was found in both captive and free-ranging bears. this may be the first report of cdv exposure in free-ranging bear ... | 1997 | 9131563 |
| death of a wild wolf from canine parvoviral enteritis. | a 9-mo-old female wolf (canis lupus) in the superior national forest of minnesota (usa) died from a canine parvovirus (cpv) infection. this is the first direct evidence that this infection effects free-ranging wild wolves. | 1997 | 9131567 |
| early protection of puppies against canine parvovirus: a comparison of two vaccines. | client-owned puppies randomly were assigned to receive one of two commercially available polyvalent vaccines. the response to the parvovirus portion of each vaccine was evaluated by determining antibody titers by hemagglutination inhibition. significant differences were found between titers produced by the vaccines. puppies vaccinated with one of the products had a more desirable result as demonstrated by a protective antibody titer after the first vaccination (p of 0.005), a protective antibody ... | 1997 | 9138235 |
| immunogenicity of a low-passage, high-titer modified live canine parvovirus vaccine in pups with maternally derived antibodies. | the study evaluated the ability of a low-passage, high-titer modified live canine parvovirus (cpv) vaccine to produce seroconversion in pups with maternally derived hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titers ranging from < 8 to < or = 256. the vaccine's low-passage cpv strain was less attenuated and therefore more infective than conventional modified live cpv strains in order to overcome relatively greater levels of maternally derived antibodies, the principal cause of cpv vaccine failures in pups. ... | 1997 | 9139485 |
| successful clinical use of a plasma-derived, dual virus inactivated factor vii concentrate incorporating solvent-detergent and dry heat treatment. | | 1997 | 9157608 |
| canine parvovirus vaccine elicits protection from the inflammatory and clinical consequences of the disease. | inflammatory changes following infection are central to the clinical manifestation of disease. however, information regarding such changes in animal disease is limited. in canine parvovirus infected puppies we measured the levels of acute phase proteins and changes in leukocyte phenotypes and cell trafficking by flow cytometry. these parameters correlated with conventional assessment of clinical disease in a vaccine efficacy study. seropositive (cpv-2) 6-week-old puppies given three doses of a c ... | 1997 | 9178474 |
| hepatozoon canis infection in a litter of dalmatian dogs. | infection with hepatozoon canis is described in a litter of seven dalmatians. four littermates were presented with concurrent hepatozoonosis and parvoviral enteritis and the remaining three puppies were parasitemic with h. canis with no other concurrent disease. parasitemia ranged between 3% and 67% of the blood neutrophils. the mean number of parasitized neutrophils per microliter among littermates with concurrent hepatozoonosis and parvoviral enteritis was 1139 (+/-447 sd) on the day of admiss ... | 1997 | 9195724 |
| detection of canine parvovirus in naturally infected dogs with enteritis and myocarditis by in situ hybridization. | an improved method for the diagnosis of canine parvovirus using in situ hybridization in standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections was developed. a digoxigenin-labeled probe complementary to dna sequences that code for the entire sequence of the capsid protein vp-1 and the middle part of the sequence of the capsid protein vp-2 was designed. specific histologic localization of canine parvovirus-infected cells was demonstrated in small intestine, tonsil, lymph node, thymus, spleen ... | 1997 | 9249164 |
| antibody responses of red wolves to canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus vaccination. | twenty captive red wolves (canis rufus), including 16 intended for release into great smoky mountains national park, cades cove, tennessee (usa), and four housed at knoxville zoological gardens, inc., knoxville, tennessee, were evaluated for immunologic response to vaccination between june 1994 and april 1995. wolves were vaccinated with modified-live (mlv) canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv2). sera were collected, and immunofluorescent staining was performed for dete ... | 1997 | 9249706 |
| detection of canine parvovirus in wolves from italy. | one hundred fifteen samples of wolf (canis lupus) feces were collected during 1994 to 1995 from four free-living populations of the north central apennines mountains, italy. the samples were tested for canine parvovirus by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), hemagglutination, and virus isolation. four of these samples were positive by virus isolation as confirmed by electron microscopy. all positive samples were from casentino park in tuscany. this is the first definitive ... | 1997 | 9249711 |
| protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a live canarypox virus recombinant-canine distemper virus (cdv) combination vaccine against virulent cdv challenge exposure, and to document lack of interference among the other modified-live virus (mlv) components. | 1997 | 9256965 |
| vaccine-induced canine distemper in european mink, mustela lutreola. | this report describes vaccine-induced canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in four european mink (mustela lutreola) induced by the administration of a multivalent, avian-origin vaccine. clinical signs consisting of seizures, ataxia, facial twitching, oculonasal discharge, hyperkeratosis of footpads, and anorexia developed 16-20 days postvaccination. conjunctival smears from one animal were positive for cdv antigen by direct fluorescent antibody testing, confirming the clinical diagnosis. the f ... | 1997 | 9365945 |
| canine parvovirus host range is determined by the specific conformation of an additional region of the capsid. | we analyzed a region of the capsid of canine parvovirus (cpv) which determines the ability of the virus to infect canine cells. this region is distinct from those previously shown to determine the canine host range differences between cpv and feline panleukopenia virus. it lies on a ridge of the threefold spike of the capsid and is comprised of five interacting loops from three capsid protein monomers. we analyzed 12 mutants of cpv which contained amino acid changes in two adjacent loops exposed ... | 1997 | 9371580 |
| photoinactivation of virus infectivity by hypocrellin a. | we investigated the photoinactivation of virus infectivity by hypocrellin a and its mechanism. the titers of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), both of which are enveloped viruses, were reduced upon illumination with hypocrellin a in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas canine parvovirus, a nonenveloped virus, was not killed. the removal of oxygen or addition of sodium azide or beta-carotene both inhibited vsv inactivation. mannitol and superox ... | 1997 | 9383993 |
| serosurvey for selected viral diseases and demography of african wild dogs in tanzania. | african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) are endangered, with only 3,000-5,000 remaining in the wild. it is believed that wild dogs are unusually vulnerable to viral diseases, particularly rabies and canine distemper (cdv). however, canine distemper has been confirmed by laboratory diagnosis in only one free-living wild dog. the 43,000 km2 selous game reserve (sgr; tanzania) holds approximately 900 adult wild dogs. in a study area of 2,600 km2, the population maintained high density (> or = 1 dog/20.5 ... | 1997 | 9391968 |
| synthetic peptide vaccines: palmitoylation of peptide antigens by a thioester bond increases immunogenicity. | synthetic peptides have frequently been used to immunize animals. however, peptides less than about 20 to 30 amino acids long are poor immunogens. in general, to increase its immunogenicity, the presentation of the peptide should be improved, and molecular weight needs to be increased. many attempts have been made to couple peptide immunogens to different carrier proteins [e.g. keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh) or ovalbumin]. this leads to very complex structures, however. we used a controlled co ... | 1997 | 9401920 |
| intracellular route of canine parvovirus entry. | the present study was designed to investigate the endocytic pathway involved in canine parvovirus (cpv) infection. reduced temperature (18 degrees c) or the microtubule-depolymerizing drug nocodazole was found to inhibit productive infection of canine a72 cells by cpv and caused cpv to be retained in cytoplasmic vesicles as indicated by immunofluorescence microscopy. consistent with previously published results, these data indicate that cpv enters a host cell via an endocytic route and further s ... | 1998 | 9420290 |
| characterization of a nuclear localization signal of canine parvovirus capsid proteins. | we investigated the abilities of synthetic peptides mimicking the potential nuclear localization signal of canine parvovirus (cpv) capsid proteins to translocate a carrier protein to the nucleus following microinjection into the cytoplasm of a72 cells. possible nuclear localization sequences were chosen for synthesis from cpv capsid protein sequences (vp1, vp2) on the basis of the presence of clustered basic residues, which is a common theme in most of the previously identified targeting peptide ... | 1997 | 9428689 |
| a survey of canine parvovirus-2 in albania. | observations were made on 97 dogs that had clinical signs of enteritis and on another group of 68 unvaccinated clinically healthy dogs for detecting the prevalence of serum hemagglutination inhibiting antibody to cpv. canine parvovirus antigens agglutinating cat rbc were detected in feces or rectal swabs from 72 of 97 dogs. an elisa to detect cpv antigen in feces and virus isolation on cell culture were also performed. thirty-one of 72 dogs died. mortality was exclusively observed in the age gro ... | 1997 | 9429323 |
| watching one's p's and q's: promiscuity, plasticity, and quasiequivalence in a t = 1 virus. | although quasiequivalence is not needed to explain the assembly of the t = 1 canine parvovirus capsid, the interactions of the 60-fold symmetrical capsid protein with less symmetrical viral components illustrate the elements of plasticity and promiscuity of interactions that are embodied in quasiequivalence. the current analysis is based on interactions of fivefold related proteins with a single peptide running along the fivefold axis, and on interactions of the capsid protein with various fragm ... | 1998 | 9449365 |
| nonstructural protein-2 and the replication of canine parvovirus. | the nonstructural protein-2 (ns2) of canine parvovirus (cpv) is produced from the left-hand open reading frame of the viral genome and contains 87 amino-terminal amino acids in common with nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) joined to 78 amino acids from an alternative open reading frame. in the minute virus of mice parvovirus ns2 plays a role in controlling capsid protein assembly and translation in a host-specific manner. the predicted ns2 of cpv is divergent from the proteins of the rodent parvovir ... | 1998 | 9454701 |
| the removal of model viruses, poliovirus type 1 and canine parvovirus, during the purification of human albumin using ion-exchange chromatographic procedures. | the manufacturing process for albumin in australia is based primarily on ion-exchange chromatography. the capacity of ion-exchange matrices to remove non-enveloped viruses (canine parvovirus and poliovirus type 1) was assessed using a scaled-down chromatographic process which was shown to yield product meeting purity criteria set for the manufacturing process. poliovirus type 1 and canine parvovirus were added at one tenth the volume of desalted and delipidated supernatant ii + iii produced by t ... | 1997 | 9467035 |
| a third distinct tumor necrosis factor receptor of orthopoxviruses. | cowpox virus brighton red strain (cpv) contains a gene, crmd, which encodes a 320-aa tumor necrosis factor receptor (tnfr) of 44% and 22% identity, respectively, to the cpv tnfr-like proteins, cytokine response modifiers (crm) crmb and crmc. the crmd gene was interrupted in three other cowpox strains examined and absent in various other orthopoxviruses; however, four strains of ectromelia virus (ect) examined contained an intact crmd (97% identity to cpv crmd) and lacked cognates of crmb and crm ... | 1998 | 9520445 |
| pseudocytoplasmic inclusions in tongue epithelium of dogs with canine parvovirus-2 infections. | | 1998 | 9526874 |
| seroepidemiological survey of sympatric domestic and wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in tsumkwe district, north-eastern namibia. | disease is a potential threat to many endangered populations and may originate from sympatric domestic species. this paper describes a cross-sectional serological survey of canine pathogens carried out in domestic (n = 70) and wild dogs (lycoan pictus) (n = 6), in tsumkwe district, northeastern namibia. evidence of past exposure to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and parainfluenza virus was evident in both wild and domestic dogs with this, the first, documented exposure of free-living ... | 1997 | 9551484 |
| activation of caspases in pig kidney cells infected with wild-type and crma/spi-2 mutants of cowpox and rabbitpox viruses. | the cowpox virus (cpv) crma and the equivalent rabbitpox virus (rpv) spi-2 proteins have anti-inflammatory and antiapoptosis activity by virtue of their ability to inhibit caspases, including the interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ice; caspase-1). infection of llc-pk1 pig kidney cells with a cpv crma mutant, but not with wild-type (wt) cpv, results in the induction of many of the morphological features of apoptosis (c. a. ray and d. j. pickup, virology 217:384-391, 1996). in our study, llc-pk1 ... | 1998 | 9557631 |
| the genomic sequence analysis of the left and right species-specific terminal region of a cowpox virus strain reveals unique sequences and a cluster of intact orfs for immunomodulatory and host range proteins. | sequencing and computer analysis of the left (52,283 bp) and right (49,649 bp) variable dna regions of the cowpox virus strain gri-90 (cpv-gri) has revealed 51 and 37 potential open reading frames (orfs), respectively. comparison of the structure-function organization of these dna regions of cpv-gri with those previously published for corresponding regions of genomes of vaccinia virus, strains copenhagen (vac-cop) and western reserve (vac-wr); and variola major virus, strains india-1967 (var-ind ... | 1998 | 9568042 |
| nucleic acid immunization protects dogs against challenge with virulent canine parvovirus. | nucleic acid vaccines (navs) use expression vectors encoding one or more antigen genes to transfect host cells inducing both humoral and cellular immunity against the expressed antigen. nav offers major advantages over conventional vaccines for the protection of humans and animals. this study shows that a plasmid dna (pgt36vp1) encoding the full length vp1 region of canine parvovirus (cpv) induces immunity that protects dogs against challenge with virulent virus. five dogs without anti-cpv antib ... | 1998 | 9569471 |
| viral antibodies in coyotes from california. | prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv), and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav) were determined among 152 coyotes (canis latrans) at the naval petroleum reserves (nprc; california, usa) from 1985 to 1990. overall prevalence of antibodies to cpv, cdv, and cav was 66%, 37%, and 68%, respectively. prevalence of cpv and cdv varied significantly among years. antibody prevalence did not differ between sexes for any disease, but did vary significantly among ag ... | 1998 | 9577772 |
| detection of feline parvovirus in dying pedigree kittens. | feline parvovirus (fpv) was detected in the intestinal tract contents of 13 pedigree kittens which were fading or died suddenly by the use of a new chromatographic test strip for canine parvovirus (cpv) and fpv. the test appeared to be sensitive and specific for the detection of fpv and was a useful diagnostic aid. in three cases in which virus was grown in cell culture, the isolates were characteristic of fpv and not cpv. cats in the households in which the kittens were reared were regularly im ... | 1998 | 9587196 |
| ionized and total magnesium concentrations in blood from dogs with naturally acquired parvoviral enteritis. | to determine whether pretreatment total and ionized blood magnesium concentrations were associated with outcome for dogs with parvoviral enteritis and whether ionized magnesium concentration was related to total magnesium concentration or other laboratory values. | 1998 | 9589125 |
| acute disseminated candidiasis in a puppy associated with parvoviral infection. | | 1998 | 9595635 |
| no evidence for a role of modified live virus vaccines in the emergence of canine parvovirus. | in this study the early evolution and potential origins of canine parvovirus (cpv) were examined. we cloned and sequenced the vp2 capsid protein genes of three german cpv strains isolated in 1979-1980, as well as two feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) vaccine viruses that were previously shown to have some restriction enzyme cleavage sites in common with cpv. other partial vp2 gene sequences were obtained by amplifying cpv dna from paraffin-embedded tissues of dogs which were early parvovirus dise ... | 1998 | 9603330 |
| development of an antigen presentation system based on plum pox potyvirus. | the development of an antigen presentation system based on the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) is here described. the amino-terminal part of ppv capsid protein was chosen as the site for expression of foreign antigenic peptides. modifications in this site were engineered to avoid the capability of natural transmission by aphids of this ppv vector. as a first practical attempt, different forms of an antigenic peptide (single and tandem repetition) from the vp2 capsid protein of canine parvovirus (cpv) w ... | 1998 | 9607317 |
| [incidence of antibodies in raccoon dogs and deer inhabiting suburban areas]. | we evaluated the incidence of antibodies against canine distemper (cd) virus, canine parvovirus, toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii), aujeszky's disease virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, rickettsia tsutsugamushi, rickettsia japonica, and coxiella burnetii in 30 raccoon dogs and 5 deer captured in suburban areas in kanagawa prefecture. among the raccoon dogs, anti-t. gondii antibody was detected in 1 animal (3.3%) and anti-cd virus antibody in 9 (30.0%). however, antibodies ag ... | 1998 | 9621559 |
| examination for heat-labile, heat-stable, and shiga-like toxins and for the eaea gene in escherichia coli isolates obtained from dogs dying with diarrhea: 122 cases (1992-1996). | to examine escherichia coli isolates obtained from dogs dying with diarrhea for heat-labile, heat-stable, and shiga-like toxins and for the eaea gene, which is associated with attaching and effacing lesions. | 1998 | 9621880 |
| citrus psorosis virus: nucleotide sequencing of the coat protein gene and detection by hybridization and rt-pcr. | citrus psorosis virus (cpv) is a multicomponent ssrna virus with a coat protein of approximately 48 kda. the viral genome is encapsidated in short and long particles that are readily separated by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. cpv particles are spiral filaments that are referred to as spiroviruses (sv). a cdna library of purified short particles from isolate cpv-4 was prepared in a lambda vector and screened for expression of the coat protein gene (cpg) with a monoclonal antibody to th ... | 1998 | 9634098 |
| adjuvant properties of killed propionibacterium avidum kp-40 in vaccination of dogs against canine parvovirosis. | immunomodulating and adjuvant properties of propionibacterium avidum kp-40 (pa), a potent stimulator of the macrophage-monocyte system and inducer of endogenous interferon, were tested in healthy dogs and in dogs vaccinated against canine parvovirosis (cpv). a single subcutaneous injection of pa (0.5 mg/kg b. m.) was administered either 10 days before or simultaneously with cpv immunization. the immunomodulating properties of pa were expressed by enhancement of phagocytic and bactericidal activi ... | 1998 | 9646552 |
| serum distemper virus and parvovirus antibody titers among dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination. | to determine serum canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) antibody titers in healthy dogs brought to a veterinary hospital for revaccination. | 1998 | 9656027 |
| virus inactivation in superoxide dismutase preparations by ultraviolet light irradiation. | viral inactivation in superoxide dismutase (sod) derived from human red cells was carried out by ultraviolet light c (uvc) irradiation. with 400 j/m2 uvc irradiation, the titer of canine parvovirus (cpv, a nonenveloped virus), m13 bacteriophage (m13, a nonenveloped phage) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv, an enveloped virus), which were spiked into sod solution, were reduced by > 4.6 log10 (detection limit), 7.0 log10 and 6.2 log10, respectively. the sod activity was maintained and the band p ... | 1998 | 9657049 |
| molecular mimicry of the inflammation modulatory proteins (imps) of poxviruses: evasion of the inflammatory response to preserve viral habitat. | microorganisms encode numerous immunomodulators that resemble, in structure and function, molecules captured over the millennia from their hosts [g. j. kotwal j. leukoc. biol. 62, 415-429]. the vaccinia virus complement control protein (vcp) was the first soluble microbial protein to have a postulated role in the immunomodulation and evasion of host defense [g. j. kotwal and b. moss nature 355, 176-179]. purified bioactive vcp has been shown to bind to c3 and c4, block the complement cascade at ... | 1998 | 9665277 |
| edible vaccines. | the ultimate vaccine is an oral vaccine which given once protects against a multitude of diseases. furthermore this ultimate vaccine needs to be very stable and inexpensive to produce. probably this latter condition can be met only if the vaccines are produced in plants. such vaccines are called 'edible vaccines'. edible vaccines can be produced in plants in many ways. using recombinant plantvirus, cpmv, it was shown that plants can produce massive amounts of chimaeric virus particles which prot ... | 1998 | 9689737 |
| seroprevalence of selected disease agents from free-ranging black bears in florida. | sera obtained from 66 free-ranging florida black bears (ursus americanus floridanus) from three geographic areas of florida (usa) between november 1993 and august 1995 were tested for antibodies to 13 disease agents. antibody prevalences were 3 positive of 37 tested (8%) coxiella burnetti, 37 of 66 (56%) toxoplasma gondii, 3 of 61 (5%) bluetongue virus/epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (btv/ehdv), 4 of 66 (6%) canine adenovirus-type 1, 5 of 66 (8%) canine distemper virus (cdv), 10 of 62 (16%) ... | 1998 | 9706572 |
| neonatal immunity and immunisation in early age: lessons from veterinary medicine. | the objective of this paper is to review adaptive immunity of young animals using examples from my own experience and from the literature. trials carried out by us with a modified live and inactivated canine parvovirus vaccine in newborn puppies provide evidence of the immune capacity of these puppies. with regard to transfer of immunity from mother to offspring, there is a role for transplacental and colostral immunity. examples of passive protection of young animals against different infection ... | 1998 | 9711790 |
| bone-marrow changes in infectious diseases and lymphohaemopoietic neoplasias in dogs and cats--a retrospective study. | bone-marrow changes in infectious diseases due to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), parvovirus (pv, canine and feline) and canine distemper virus (cdv), and in the lymphohaemopoietic neoplasias (lhns) usually associated with feline leukaemia virus infection were studied in samples obtained from 204 cats and 82 dogs at necropsy. the study demonstrated (1) no changes, (2) non-specific reactive changes, and (3) disease-specific changes (similar to thos ... | 1998 | 9717127 |
| coagglutination test: a simple and rapid immunodiagnostic test for parvovirus infection in dogs. | the coagglutination test (coat) was developed and standardized to detect canine parvovirus (cpv) antigen in faeces of infected dogs. anti-parvovirus serum was raised in dogs for coating protein-a containing staphylococcus aureus cowan i strain. agglutination of antibody coated bacteria invariably occurred within 2-3 min when mixed with standard cpv antigen or faecal supernatants of dogs having 8 or more haemagglutination (ha) titre of parvovirus antigen. the test had a perfect correlation with h ... | 1998 | 9731477 |
| the inflammation modulatory protein (imp) of cowpox virus drastically diminishes the tissue damage by down-regulating cellular infiltration resulting from complement activation. | vaccinia virus (vv) and other pathogenic poxviruses encode for a complement control protein. the vv complement control protein or vcp, was one of the first soluble microbial proteins postulated to have an active role in the immunomodulation of the host defense. since then, 2 other poxviruses, including variola virus and cowpox virus (cpv), were found to have corresponding proteins. based upon earlier studies which demonstrated the role of the cpv complement control protein in modulating the spec ... | 1998 | 9746210 |
| clinical effects of the recombinant feline interferon-omega on experimental parvovirus infection in beagle dogs. | the clinical effects of recombinant feline interferon-omega (rfeifn-omega), produced in silkworm by recombinant baculovirus, were examined in 3-4 month-old beagle dogs given an experimental canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv-2) infection. clinical symptoms, such as pyrexia, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea, were observed on day 4 after oral inoculation of 10(7) tcid50 of cpv-2 (cc 238 strain) in almost all the inoculated dogs. from day 4, rfeifn-omega (1 mega units/kg/day) or physiological saline was ... | 1998 | 9764403 |
| new quantitative methods for detection of feline parvovirus (fpv) and virus neutralizing antibody against fpv using a feline t lymphoid cell line. | previously, we reported that a feline t lymphoid cell line, fl74 cells, was very sensitive to feline parvovirus (fpv) infection. in the present study, we developed new quantitative methods for detection of fpv and virus neutralizing antibody against fpv using fl74 cells. the methods presented here were very simple and applicable to both canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus. | 1998 | 9764414 |
| antigenic characterization of canine parvovirus strains isolated in italy. | 28 isolates of canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv-2) were obtained from dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in italy. the antigenic structure of cpv-2 isolates was characterized, using four discriminating monoclonal antibodies. in addition, four vaccinal strains were examined. similar to reports from australia and the united kingdom, a much higher prevalence of cpv-2a (25/28 isolates) was observed than the other variant type, cpv-2b (3/28 isolates). dna fragments (2.2 kbp) of representative strains ... | 1998 | 9766890 |
| assaying for structural variation in the parvovirus capsid and its role in infection. | the capsid of canine parvovirus (cpv) was assayed for susceptibility to proteases and for structural variation. the natural cleavage of vp2 to vp3 in cpv full (dna containing) particles recovered from tissue culture occurred within the sequence arg-asn-glu-arg ala-thr. trypsin, chymotrypsin, bromelain, and cathepsin b all cleaved >90% of the vp2 to vp3 in full but not in empty capsids and did not digest the capsid further. digestion with proteinase k, pronase, papain, or subtilisin cleaved the v ... | 1998 | 9770425 |
| recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for treatment of puppies with neutropenia secondary to canine parvovirus infection. | to determine the effect of treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhg-csf) for puppies with neutropenia secondary to canine parvovirus infection. | 1998 | 9776994 |
| differences in the evolutionary pattern of feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus. | canine parvovirus (cpv) suddenly appeared in the late 1970s after which it showed continuous antigenic changes. virological and molecular genetic analyses mainly focused on feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) were conducted in this study because fplv is the suspected ancestor of cpv; the way in which fplv evolves may help to explain the emergence of cpv. analysis of escape mutants against fplv-specific monoclonal antibody showed that viruses possessing cpv-like properties were not easily detected ... | 1998 | 9791034 |
| emergence of new viral infections: implications for the blood supply. | new viral infections of humans appear to be emerging at an increasing tempo, probably due to technological developments and societal changes that have enhanced the ability of viruses to invade and spread within the human population. emergence can be due to several discrete phenomena. existing viruses of humans continue to be isolated, identified, followed by the description of new nosological entities. an increase in the ratio of cases:infections for ubiquitous viruses may lead to the emergence ... | 1998 | 9811509 |
| the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of defective interfering canine parvovirus particles. | the pcr assay was used to amplify a portion of the genome of virulent and vaccinal canine parvovirus strains and of a vaccinal feline panleukopenia virus strain. a dna fragment corresponding to the gene that encodes the vp1/vp2 proteins was amplified. the size of the pcr products was 2.2 kbp except for cpv vaccinal 17-80 strain. the pcr product of 17-80 was 1.1 kbp leading to the hypothesis of the presence of defective particles. all the restriction enzymes digested the 2.2 kbp amplified product ... | 1998 | 9812316 |
| functional implications of the structure of the murine parvovirus, minute virus of mice. | minute virus of mice (mvm) is a single-stranded (ss) dna-containing, murine parvovirus with a capsid built up of 60 icosahedrally related polypeptide chains, each of which consists of the c-terminal region common to two structural proteins, vp1 and vp2. in infectious virions, most vp2 molecules are cleaved to vp3 by the removal of about 20 amino acids from the n terminus. of the 587 amino acids in vp2, approximately half are identical to those in the analogous capsid protein of the antigenically ... | 1998 | 9817841 |
| survey on viral pathogens in wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in germany with emphasis on parvoviruses and analysis of a dna sequence from a red fox parvovirus. | the seroprevalence of canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus (cav) and canine herpesvirus (chv) infections in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) was determined in fox sera collected between 1991 and 1995. a total of 500 sera were selected and the seroprevalences were estimated to be 13% (65 of 500 sera) for cpv, 4.4% (17 of 383 sera) for cdv, 35% (17 of 485 sera) for cav, and 0.4% (2 of 485 sera) for chv, respectively. no statistically significant differences were observ ... | 1998 | 9825797 |
| serological survey of selected canine viral pathogens and zoonoses in grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska. | between 1988 and 1991, 644 serum samples were collected from 480 grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and 40 black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska, united states of america, and were tested for selected canine viral infections and zoonoses. antibody prevalence in grizzly bears was 0% for parvovirus, 8.3% (40/480) for distemper, 14% (68/480) for infectious hepatitis, 16.5% (79/480) for brucellosis, 19% (93/480) for tularaemia and 47% (225/478) for trichinellosis. in black bears, prevalenc ... | 1998 | 9850547 |
| asymptomatic bacteriuria in puppies with canine parvovirus infection: a cohort study. | this study aimed to investigate the possible association between canine parvoviral enteritis and asymptomatic bacteriuria. forty-three puppies that were admitted to the outpatient service of the animal medical clinic with clinical signs compatible with parvoviral enteritis formed the exposed group. the clinical diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by a positive fecal elisa test (cite test: iddex lab., westbrook, me). twenty-three (53.5%) of these puppies were males and 20 (46.5%) were females. t ... | 1998 | 9850991 |
| visualization of protein-rna interactions in cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. | unlike the multiple-shelled organization of other reoviridae members, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) has a single-shelled capsid. the three-dimensional structures of full and empty cpv by electron cryomicroscopy show identical outer shells but differ inside. the outer surface reveals a t=1 icosahedral shell decorated with spikes at its icosahedral vertices. the internal space of the empty cpv is unoccupied except for 12 mushroom-shaped densities attributed to the transcriptional enzyme com ... | 1999 | 9882369 |
| importance of vaccination. | | 1998 | 9885141 |
| canine viral vaccines at a turning point--a personal perspective. | the most important canine viral infections are distemper and cpv-2. problems of variable cd vaccine safety and efficacy persist, but cd vaccines have greatly reduced the prevalence of disease and cases in vaccinated dogs are now rare. canine hepatitis (ich, cav-1 infection) also has been controlled well by vaccines for more than 35 years and it is now rare; the sporadic cases seen in the 1990s have usually occurred in unvaccinated dogs. cav-2 vaccines should, therefore, continue to be given sinc ... | 1999 | 9890023 |
| forty years of canine vaccination. | during the last 40 years vaccines have been developed that have greatly reduced the incidence of infectious diseases of dogs. in general, modified live products have been superior to inactivated vaccines for dogs. it can be expected that recombinant and/or dna vaccines may dominate the market in the future. although most vaccines on the market are safe and efficacious, there have been exceptions where disease was induced by vaccination or dogs were not protected. the failure of protection may in ... | 1999 | 9890024 |
| subacute massive necrotizing myocarditis by canine parvovirus type 2 infection with diffuse leukoencephalomalacia in a puppy. | severe necrotizing myocarditis associated with canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) infection and diffuse leukoencephalomalacia was recognized in a 4-week-old mongrel puppy. the cardiac lesions were characterized by severe diffuse myocardial degeneration and necrosis with occasional massive mineralization and distinct intranuclear inclusion bodies. immunohistochemical examination revealed the presence of cpv-2 antigens in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of the myocytes. in the white matter of the cere ... | 1999 | 9921761 |
| importance of vaccination. | | 1999 | 10028579 |
| use of parvovirus-like particles for vaccination and induction of multiple immune responses. | expression of the vp2 gene of autonomous parvoviruses in insect cells with the use of the baculovirus system has led to the production of virus-like particles (vlps) formed by the self-assembly of vp2. these vlps are expressed at high levels and can easily be purified by salt fractionation. they are highly immunogenic in the corresponding host, being fully protective at doses as low as 1-2 microg of purified material per animal. no special adjuvants are required. an interesting property of these ... | 1999 | 10075910 |
| antigenic and genetic analysis of canine parvoviruses in southern africa. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is a significant pathogen of domestic and free-ranging carnivores all over the world. it suddenly appeared at the end of the 1970s and most likely emerged as a variant of the well known feline panleukopenia virus (fpv). during its adaptation to the new host, the domestic-dog, the virus has changed its antigenic profile twice giving rise to two new antigenic types, cpv-2a and cpv-2b. these new types have replaced the original type cpv-2 in the united states of america, eur ... | 1998 | 10192835 |
| lipofectin increases the specific activity of cypovirus particles for cultured insect cells. | cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (cpv) are classified as 14 distinct species (electropherotypes) within the genus cypovirus, family reoviridae. cypovirus research has been limited by a lack of appropriate cell culture systems (for each of these virus species) in which the majority of cells can become productively infected. lipofection increased the infection rate of lymantria dispar 652 cells, by virus particles (derived from polyhedra) of orgyia pseudosugata type 5 cypovirus (op-5 cpv), from 3 ... | 1999 | 10204708 |
| inactivation kinetics of model and relevant blood-borne viruses by treatment with sodium hydroxide and heat. | to determine the efficacy of a clean-in-place system for the inactivation of viruses present in human plasma, the effect of 0.1 m sodium hydroxide at 60 degrees c on viral infectivity was investigated. inactivation of the following model and relevant viruses were followed as a function of time: human hepatitis a virus (hav), canine parvovirus (cpv; a model for human parvovirus b-19) pseudorabies virus (prv, a model for hepatitis b virus), and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv, a model for hepat ... | 1998 | 10208725 |
| vaccinia virus strains lister, ussr and evans express soluble and cell-surface tumour necrosis factor receptors. | poxviruses encode a broad range of proteins that interfere with host immune functions such as soluble versions of cytokine receptors. soluble virus tumour necrosis factor receptors (vtnfrs) were described originally in myxoma and shope fibroma viruses. cowpox virus (cpv) encodes three vtnfrs (crmb, crmc and crmd). the genes equivalent to crmb and crmc in vaccinia virus (vv) copenhagen are mutated and are named b28r/c22l and a53r, respectively. crmd was identified recently in cpv and ectromelia v ... | 1999 | 10211965 |
| a comparison of six cypovirus isolates by cross-hybridisation of their dsrna genome segments. | genetic relationships between the genome segments of six cypovirus (cpv) isolates were analysed by rna cross-hybridisation. these included three type 1 viruses and single isolates of types 2, 5 and 12, which collectively are identical to those previously compared by serology and electrophoresis [mertens et al. (1989), j gen virol 70: 173-185]. since only genome segment 10 of three cypovirus types and segments 8 and 9 of a single virus strain (of type 1) have currently been sequenced, this initia ... | 1999 | 10226620 |
| cynomolgus polyoma virus infection: a new member of the polyoma virus family causes interstitial nephritis, ureteritis, and enteritis in immunosuppressed cynomolgus monkeys. | polyoma virus infection causes acute interstitial nephritis and ureteral stenosis in humans but has rarely been noted in other species. in the present study, a hitherto unknown polyoma virus was detected in 12 of 57 cynomolgus monkeys after 3 to 11 weeks of immunosuppression given to promote acceptance of renal allografts or xenografts. this virus, termed cynomolgus polyoma virus (cpv), is antigenically and genomically related to simian virus 40 (sv40). the tubular epithelial nuclei of the colle ... | 1999 | 10233865 |
| the structure of a cypovirus and the functional organization of dsrna viruses. | cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) is unique among the double-stranded rna viruses of the family reoviridae in having a single capsid layer. analysis by cryo-electron microscopy allows comparison of the single shelled cpv and orthoreovirus with the high resolution crystal structure of the inner shell of the bluetongue virus (btv) core. this suggests that the novel arrangement identified in btv, of 120 protein subunits in a so-called 't=2' organization, is a characteristic of the reoviridae and ... | 1999 | 10360362 |
| pediatric intensive care. | to provide optimal care, a veterinarian in a pediatric intensive care situation for a puppy or kitten should be familiar with normal and abnormal vital signs, nursing care and monitoring considerations, and probable diseases. this article is a brief discussion of the pediatric intensive care commonly required to treat puppies or kittens in emergency situations and for canine parvovirus type 2 enteritis. | 1999 | 10390796 |
| novel acylation of poxvirus a-type inclusion proteins. | myristylation is one of several post-translational modifications that occur on vaccinia virus (vv) proteins. previously, time course labeling of vv-infected cells with myristic acid had indicated that five late proteins (17, 25, 36, 38 and 92 kda) are myristylated. four of these proteins were mapped to the e7r, l1r, ai6l and g9r open-reading frames, respectively, because of the predicted presence of the n-myristyltransferase recognition sequence (m-g-x-x-x-s/t/a) at their amino termini. in contr ... | 1999 | 10392723 |
| myxoma virus serp2 is a weak inhibitor of granzyme b and interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme in vitro and unlike crma cannot block apoptosis in cowpox virus-infected cells. | the serp2 protein encoded by the leporipoxvirus myxoma virus is essential for full virulence (f. messud-petit, j. gelfi, m. delverdier, m. f. amardeilh, r. py, g. sutter, and s. bertagnoli, j. virol. 72:7830-7839, 1998) and, like crma of cowpox virus (cpv), is reported to inhibit the interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ice, caspase-1) (f. petit, s. bertagnoli, j. gelfi, f. fassy, c. boucraut-baralon, and a. milon, j. virol. 70:5860-5866, 1996). serp2 and crma both contain asp at the p1 position ... | 1999 | 10400732 |
| three-dimensional structure of aleutian mink disease parvovirus: implications for disease pathogenicity. | the three-dimensional structure of expressed vp2 capsids of aleutian mink disease parvovirus strain g (advg-vp2) has been determined to 22 a resolution by cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction techniques. a structure-based sequence alignment of the vp2 capsid protein of canine parvovirus (cpv) provided a means to construct an atomic model of the advg-vp2 capsid. the advg-vp2 reconstruction reveals a capsid structure with a mean external radius of 128 a and several surface features si ... | 1999 | 10400786 |
| the genome of cowpox virus contains a gene related to those encoding the epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha and vaccinia growth factor. | cowpox virus (cpv) is a member of the orthopoxvirus genus and has the genetic capacity to encode a multitude of genes that interfere with the host inflammatory and immune response or modulate the physiological state of infected and non-infected cells. among these cpv factors are receptors homologous to interferon and tumor necrosis factor receptors and also a viral cellular serine-proteinase analog. here we describe the detection of a cpv gene that encodes a protein homologous to epidermal growt ... | 1999 | 10403701 |
| fatal canine parvovirus type-1 infection in pups from italy. | | 1999 | 10424655 |
| genetic capsid modifications allow efficient re-targeting of adeno-associated virus type 2. | the human parvovirus adeno-associated virus type 2 (aav2) has many features that make it attractive as a vector for gene therapy. however, the broad host range of aav2 might represent a limitation for some applications in vivo, because recombinant aav vector (raav)-mediated gene transfer would not be specific for the tissue of interest. this host range is determined by the binding of the aav2 capsid to specific cellular receptors and/or co-receptors. the tropism of aav2 might be changed by genet ... | 1999 | 10470084 |
| stressors and rearing diseases of trichoplusia ni: evidence of vertical transmission of npv and cpv. | inability to consistently rear healthy trichoplusia ni led to a study of its rearing diseases. four diseases were designated after preliminary research which included electron microscopy: cytoplasmic polyhedrosis (due to cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, or cpv), nuclear polyhedrosis (due to nucleopolyhedrovirus, or npv), "neonate death" syndrome (mortality in first or second instars), and "late-instar" syndrome (death in late instars accompanied by bacterial decomposition). infectious agents were ... | 1999 | 10486227 |
| molecular and structural basis of the evolution of parvovirus tropism. | parvoviruses have small genomes and, consequently, are highly dependent on their host for various functions in their reproduction. since these viruses generally use ubiquitous receptors, restrictions are usually intracellularly regulated. a lack of mitosis, and hence absence of enzymes required for dna replication, is a powerful block of virus infection. allotropic determinants have been identified for several parvoviruses: porcine parvovirus, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline parvovirus (feline p ... | 1999 | 10497831 |
| engineering parvovirus-like particles for the induction of b-cell, cd4(+) and ctl responses. | an antigen delivery system based on hybrid recombinant parvovirus-like particles (vlps) formed by the self-assembly of the capsid vp2 protein of porcine (ppv) or canine parvovirus (cpv) expressed in insect cells with the baculovirus system has been developed. ppv:vlps containing a cd8(+) epitope from the lcmv nucleoprotein evoked a potent ctl response and were able to protect mice against a lethal infection with the virus. also, ppv:vlps containing the c3:t epitope from poliovirus elicited a cd4 ... | 1999 | 10506659 |
| host range relationships and the evolution of canine parvovirus. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is an example of an unusual class of emerging virus-those that gain an altered host range through genetic variation and subsequently become widespread pathogens of their new and previously resistant host species. cpv was first detected in 1978 as the cause of new diseases in dogs throughout the world, when it rapidly spread throughout domestic populations, as well as becoming widespread in wild dogs. cpv was soon shown to be a variant of the long recognized feline panleuk ... | 1999 | 10515266 |