| vaccination against feline panleukopenia: implications from a field study in kittens. | feline panleukopenia (fpl) is a serious disease of cats that can be prevented by vaccination. kittens are routinely vaccinated repeatedly during their first months of life. by this time maternally derived antibodies (mda) can interfere with vaccination and inhibit the development of active immunity. the efficacy of primary vaccination under field conditions was questioned by frequent reports to the paul-ehrlich-institut on outbreaks of fpl in vaccinated breeding catteries. we therefore initiated ... | 2012 | 22613093 |
| feline panleukopenia virus is not associated with myocarditis or endomyocardial restrictive cardiomyopathy in cats. | canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) is nearly indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and is a well-known cause of viral myocarditis in young puppies; however, it is not known whether either fpv or cpv-2 naturally infects feline cardiomyocytes and causes myocarditis. endomyocarditis (emc) and left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis (lvef), clinically known as "endomyocardial restrictive cardiomyopathy," are important feline heart diseases suspected to have an infectious etiology. a cont ... | 2017 | 28622497 |
| canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) codon bias analysis reveals a progressive adaptation to the new niche after the host jump. | based on virus dependence from host cell machinery, their codon usage is expected to show a strong relation with the host one. even if this association has been stated, especially for bacteria viruses, the linkage is considered to be less consistent for more complex organisms and a codon bias adaptation after host jump has never been proven. canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) was selected as a model because it represents a well characterized case of host jump, originating from feline panleukopenia ... | 2017 | 28603036 |
| molecular characterization of feline panleukopenia virus isolated from mink and its pathogenesis in mink. | six feline panleukopenia viruses (fpv) were detected in the intestinal samples from the 176 mink collected in china during 2015 to 2016, named mev-sd1, mev-sd2, mev-sd3, mev-sd4, mev-sd5 and mev-sd6. the vp2 genes of the isolates shared 98.9%-100% identity with the reference sequences. the substitution of residue v300a in vp2 protein differentiates the isolates from the reference mevs, and a300 is a characteristic of fpv. furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of vp2 genes indicated that the six iso ... | 2017 | 28622870 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of protoparvoviruses infecting wild raccoons (procyon lotor) in british columbia, canada. | feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) belong to the species carnivore protoparvovirus 1. while fpv has been endemic in cats for many years, cpv-2 emerged at the end of the 1970s and 3 antigenic variants (cpv-2a, b and c) are currently circulating in domestic and wild animals. although raccoons played a fundamental role in the emergence of cpv-2a in dogs, knowledge about protoparvoviruses in these animals is still limited. we investigated 72 raccoons found dead or injur ... | 2017 | 28947335 |
| introduction of canine parvovirus 2 into wildlife on the island of newfoundland, canada. | canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) (species carnivore protoparvovirus 1, family parvoviridae) cause a severe gastrointestinal disease associated with immune depression in a broad range of terrestrial carnivores. we report here the first molecular epidemiological investigation of protoparvoviruses on the island of newfoundland, canada. in particular, we investigated red foxes (vulpes vulpes deletrix) and lynx (lynx canadensis subsolanus), two autochthonous species, a ... | 2017 | 28935611 |
| carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (parvoviruses) at the domestic-wild carnivore interface in india. | carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (cp1, earlier called feline panleukopenia virus) variants such as canine parvovirus (cpv) and feline parvovirus (fpv) are significant, emerging, multihost pathogens of domestic and wild carnivores. the diversity of cp1 variants was studied between 2008 and 2014 in wayanad, india, where flagship wildlife species such as tigers (panthera tigris) and leopards (panthera pardus) coexist alongside domestic carnivores, including dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and cats (felis ... | 2020 | 31926540 |
| circulation of diverse protoparvoviruses in wild carnivores, italy. | protoparvovirus is a monophyletic viral genus that includes the species carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infecting domestic and wild carnivores. in this paper, the results of an epidemiological survey for carnivore protoparvovirus-1 in wild carnivores in italy are reported. overall, 34 (11.4%) out of 297 tested animals were positive for carnivore protoparvovirus-1, but the frequency of detection was much higher in intestine (54%) than in spleen samples (2.8%), thus suggesting that the intestine is th ... | 2020 | 33176056 |
| first characterization of a canine parvovirus causing fatal disease in coatis (nasua nasua). | a canine parvovirus (cpv)-like virus was detected by pcr and isolated from dead coatis in argentina. analysis of the full-length genome sequence revealed that it resembled cpv-but also contained a mutation in the vp2 protein (arg377ser) that has not been described previously. this is the first report of a cpv-like virus producing clinical disease in coatis. genetic similarity to cpv-2c viruses detected in brazil suggests a strong relationship between these viruses. although the pathogenic potent ... | 2019 | 31555902 |
| ecology and infection dynamics of multi-host amdoparvoviral and protoparvoviral carnivore pathogens. | amdoparvovirus and protoparvovirus are monophyletic viral genera that infect carnivores. we performed surveillance for and sequence analyses of parvoviruses in mustelids in insular british columbia to investigate parvoviral maintenance and cross-species transmission among wildlife. overall, 19.1% (49/256) of the tested animals were parvovirus-positive. aleutian mink disease virus (amdv) was more prevalent in mink (41.6%, 32/77) than martens (3.1%, 4/130), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) was mor ... | 2020 | 32075256 |
| complex and dynamic interactions between parvovirus capsids, transferrin receptors, and antibodies control cell infection and host range. | antibody and receptor binding are key virus-host interactions that control host range and determine the success of infection. canine and feline parvovirus capsids bind the transferrin receptor type 1 (tfr) to enter host cells, and specific structural interactions appear necessary to prepare the stable capsids for infection. here, we define the details of binding, competition, and occupancy of wild-type and mutant parvovirus capsids with purified receptors and antibodies. tfr-capsid binding inter ... | 2018 | 29695427 |
| adeno-associated virus-binding antibodies detected in cats living in the northeastern united states lack neutralizing activity. | cats are a critical pre-clinical model for studying adeno-associated virus (aav) vector-mediated gene therapies. a recent study has described the high prevalence of anti-aav neutralizing antibodies among domestic cats in switzerland. however, our knowledge of pre-existing humoral immunity against various aav serotypes in cats is still limited. here, we show that, although antibodies binding known aav serotypes (aav1 to aav11) are prevalent in cats living in the northeastern united states, these ... | 2020 | 32572045 |
| regional adaptations and parallel mutations in feline panleukopenia virus strains from china revealed by nearly-full length genome analysis. | protoparvoviruses, widespread among cats and wild animals, are responsible for leukopenia. feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) in domestic cats is genetically diverse and some strains may differ from those used for vaccination. the presence of fplv in two domestic cats from hebei province in china was identified by polymerase chain reaction. samples from these animals were used to isolate fplv strains in crfk cells for genome sequencing. phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare our isolates ... | 2020 | 31945103 |
| prevalence and risk factors for felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 detection in domestic cats in italy. | felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (fcaghv1), a novel gammaherpesvirus of domestic cats identified in 2014, has been detected in different countries demonstrating a worldwide distribution. the aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of fcaghv1 in italy using a molecular epidemiological approach. fcaghv1 dna was detected with virus-specific real-time pcr in ≃1% of 2659 feline blood samples tested. analysis of risk factors showed that being male and coinfection with feline immunodeficiency v ... | 2019 | 31648722 |
| development and application of a multiplex pcr method for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of feline panleukopenia virus, feline bocavirus, and feline astrovirus. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr) assay was developed to detect and distinguish feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline bocavirus (fbov) and feline astrovirus (feastv). three pairs of primers were designed based on conserved regions in the genomic sequences of the three viruses and were used to specifically amplify targeted fragments of 237 bp from the vp2 gene of fpv, 465 bp from the np1 gene of fbov and 645 bp from the rdrp gene of feastv. the results showed that this mpcr assay wa ... | 2019 | 31506786 |
| identification of a novel parvovirus in domestic cats. | a novel protoparvovirus species was identified in domestic cats. the virus was distantly related to the well-known feline (feline panleukopenia virus) and canine (canine parvovirus type 2) parvoviruses, sharing low nucleotide identities in the capsid protein 2 (less than 43%). the virus was genetically similar (100% at the nucleotide level) to a newly identified canine protoparvovirus, genetically related to human bufaviruses. the feline bufavirus appeared as a common element of the feline virom ... | 2019 | 30593374 |
| anti-feline panleukopenia virus serum neutralizing antibody titer in domestic cats with the negative or low hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer. | to evaluate the accuracy of hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test as the index of feline panleukopenia virus (fpv)-protective ability, sera from 153 fpv-vaccinated cats aged ≥7 months with hi titer of <1:10-1:40, were examined for serum neutralizing (sn) antibody. sn antibody was detected (≥1:10) in 33 (62.3%) of 53 hi antibody-negative cats, and ranged <1:10-1:160. this suggests that fpv-antibody detection sensitivity of hi test is lower than sn test, and sn test is more suitable for the assess ... | 2019 | 30541981 |
| genetic characterization of parvoviruses in domestic cats in henan province, china. | feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) infections are highly contagious and cause serious enteric diseases, with high fatality rates of cats and dogs. given the importance of cats as a potential source of genetic diversity for parvoviruses, parvovirus strains detected in cats with gastroenteritis signs were analysed, and molecular characterisation, sequence analysis and phylogeny were evaluated on the vp2 gene. the results showed that fpv, new cpv-2a, and cpv-2 are co-circu ... | 2018 | 30188020 |
| research on viral agents associated with feline reproductive problems reveals a high association with feline panleukopenia virus. | although reproductive failures (rf) such as abortion, stillbirth and neonatal mortality in cats are still under researched, it is known that many rf are caused by viral agents. this research surveyed the viral agent prevalence in queens with rf. queens were excluded from the study if their rf was caused by issues other than infection, such as genetic, traumatic, hormonal or nutritional problems, or if they had a history of rf. blood samples from 26 pregnant females with rf were collected for com ... | 2018 | 32734056 |
| serosurvey of mountain lions in southern arizona. | an understanding of the prevalence of diseases in free-ranging populations of felids is limited, and there is even less known about the overall health and diseases of wild felids that inhabit or utilize urban areas. we collected serum samples from 9 radiocollared mountain lions (puma concolor) in the mountains surrounding tucson, arizona, usa, from august 2005 to august 2008. we tested serum samples for evidence of exposure to 10 feline viruses: feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus, feli ... | 2012 | 32327861 |
| carnivore protoparvovirus-1 associated with an outbreak of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in small indian civets. | carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (cppv-1) infection has been reported frequently in both domestic and wildlife species including wild carnivores. fifty-five captive small indian civets (viverricula indica), farmed for perfume production in eastern thailand, showed clinical signs of acute bloody diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, circling, and seizures. the disease spread within the farm and resulted in the death of 38 of the 55 civets (69% mortality) within a month. fecal swabs were collected from the 17 ... | 2020 | 32880233 |
| evaluation of an in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of feline panleukopenia vp2 subunit antigen in comparison to hemagglutination inhibition assay to monitor tiger antibody levels by bayesian approach. | feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) is an etiologic pathogen of feline panleukopenia that infects all members of felidae including tigers (panthera tigris). vaccinations against fpv among wild felid species have long been practiced in zoos worldwide. however, few studies have assessed the tiger immune response post-vaccination due to the absence of a serological diagnostic tool. to address these limitations, this study aimed to develop an in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) ... | 2020 | 32762697 |
| feline panleukopenia virus as the cause of diarrhea in a banded linsang (prionodon linsang) in thailand. | a banded linsang (prionodon linsang) presented at our hospital with clinical signs of acute diarrhea. fecal samples were positive for canine parvovirus (cpv) as determined by polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for both cpv and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv). the full-length vp2 was cloned, sequenced, and compared with sequences of fpv and cpv strains reported in genbank. the amino acids that determined the host range were similar to those of fpv. moreover, amino acid analysis of v ... | 2019 | 31548471 |
| viral prevalence in wild serval population is driven by season and sex. | one of the key factors influencing the population dynamics of threatened species such as felids is disease, but long-term studies of the factors influencing seroprevalence of wild felids are extremely rare, hindering conservation efforts. we set out to determine seroprevalence of six viral diseases (feline panleukopenia virus, feline leukemia virus, feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpes virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus) among a population of serval (leptailurus serval) wi ... | 2021 | 34059963 |
| natural infection of parvovirus in wild fishing cats (prionailurus viverrinus) reveals extant viral localization in kidneys. | carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (cppv-1), a viral species containing feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) variants, are widely spread among domestic and wild carnivores causing systemic fatal diseases. wild fishing cats (prionailurus viverrinus), a globally vulnerable species, have been found dead. postmortem examination of the carcasses revealed lesions in intestine, spleen and kidney. cppv-1 antigen identification in these tissues, using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and ... | 2021 | 33651823 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infection in the wild felid leopardus guigna in chile. | landscape anthropization has been identified as one of the main drivers of pathogen emergence worldwide, facilitating pathogen spillover between domestic species and wildlife. the present study investigated carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infection using molecular methods in 98 free-ranging wild guignas (leopardus guigna) and 262 co-occurring owned, free-roaming rural domestic cats. we also assessed landscape anthropization variables as potential drivers of infection. protoparvovirus dna was detecte ... | 2020 | 33238057 |
| novel parvovirus in cats, china. | parvovirus is a common element of the feline virus group and usually causes gastroenteritis and leukopenia in cats. in this study, we identified a novel protoparvovirus from the chinese domestic cats, which is genetically similar to canine bufavirus (98.0%-99.8%), but sharing low amino acid identities in the viral structural proteins 2 (vp2) (36.1-37.2%) to the well-known canine parvovirus type 2 and feline panleukopenia virus. this virus was provisionally designated as feline bufavirus (fbuv). ... | 2021 | 34363851 |
| gastrointestinal ultrasonographic findings in cats with feline panleukopenia: a case series. | feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) is very resistant and highly contagious and infects domestic cats and other felids. fpv is particularly widespread among sheltered cats, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, causing severe gastroenteritis characterized by anorexia, lethargy, fever, dehydration, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and vomiting. there is currently no data on the ultrasonographic features of cats affected with fpv. this case series describes abdominal ultrasonographic findings in ... | 2021 | 33413382 |