| antiviral potential of selected starter cultures, bacteriocins and d,l-lactic acid. | the antiviral potential of selected bacteria species [lactic acid bacteria (lab) and micrococcaceae] was examined. by this, the effect of their cell-free supernatants as well as of certain species-related metabolites (sakacin a, nisin, and lactic acid) was investigated on different viruses after exposure at 24 °c for 3 days. viruses were incubated with supernatants and metabolites in a dilution ratio of 1:10. data for antiviral effects towards murine norovirus s99 (mnv), influenza a virus a/wsn/ ... | 2014 | 24297091 |
| papillomavirus-associated multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ in a cat: an unusually extensive and progressive case with subsequent metastasis. | multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ (msccis) is an uncommon cutaneous disease of middle-aged to older cats, with some cases being linked to papillomavirus infection. the disease course is usually benign. initial eruption of multifocal, pigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques is typical, with gradual progression to thickly crusted ulcerative lesions. | 2013 | 24118440 |
| in vitro cytotoxicity and antiviral efficacy against feline herpesvirus type 1 of famciclovir and its metabolites. | to assess in vitro the antiviral efficacy against feline herpesvirus (fhv-1) and cytotoxicity for cultured feline cells of famciclovir and its metabolites, brl 42359 and penciclovir. to investigate the effect of timing of penciclovir application on in vitro antiviral activity. | 2014 | 24112415 |
| development of a case definition for clinical feline herpesvirus infection in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) housed in zoos. | the identification of feline herpesvirus (fhv) infected cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) and characterization of shedding episodes is difficult due to nonspecific clinical signs and limitations of diagnostic tests. the goals of this study were to develop a case definition for clinical fhv and describe the distribution of signs. medical records from six different zoologic institutions were reviewed to identify cheetahs with diagnostic test results confirming fhv. published literature, expert opinion, ... | 2013 | 24063091 |
| ocular and neural distribution of feline herpesvirus-1 during active and latent experimental infection in cats. | herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and varicella zoster virus (vzv) cause extensive intra-ocular and neural infections in humans and are closely related to felid herpes virus 1 (fehv-1). we report the extent of intra-ocular replication and the extent and morphological aspects of neural replication during the acute and latent phases of fehv-1 infection. juvenile, spf cats were inoculated with fehv-1. additional cats were used as negative controls. cats were euthanized on days 6, 10, and 30 post-inocu ... | 2013 | 24053192 |
| surveillance of upper respiratory tract disease in owned cats in australia, 2009-2012. | reported cases of feline upper respiratory tract disease (urtd) - presumptively diagnosed as feline herpesvirus (fhv) or feline calicivirus (fcv) - throughout australia (2010-2012) were obtained from disease watchdog, a companion animal disease surveillance system. this surveillance system is based on voluntary reporting of cases by veterinarians, using a web-based program. animal factors, location and vaccination information are also reported. cases reported were mapped and seasonal patterns we ... | 2013 | 23910025 |
| prevention of infectious diseases in cat shelters: abcd guidelines. | recommendations are given in relation to infectious diseases in rescue shelters. the abcd recognises that there is a wide variation in the design and management of shelters, and that these largely reflect local pressures. these guidelines are written with this diverse audience in mind; they point to the ideal, and also provide for some level of compromise where this ideal cannot immediately be attained. in addition consideration should be given to general requirements in order to optimise overal ... | 2013 | 23813812 |
| effects of topical ocular administration of high doses of human recombinant interferon alpha-2b and feline recombinant interferon omega on naturally occurring viral keratoconjunctivitis in cats. | to determine whether 14-day topical ocular administration of high doses of feline recombinant interferon omega (felfn) or human recombinant interferon alpha-2b (hulfn) solution improves clinical disease and decreases virus shedding in cats with naturally acquired viral keratoconjunctivitis. | 2013 | 23363355 |
| evaluation of delivery agents used for introduction of small interfering rnas into feline corneal cells. | to evaluate agents used for delivery of small interfering rnas (sirnas) into feline corneal cells, toxicity of the delivery agents, and functionality of anti-feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1)-specific sirna combinations. | 2013 | 23363349 |
| feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis: a retrospective study of 45 cases (56 eyes). | the medical records of 45 cases (56 eyes) of feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis (ekc) diagnosed between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed. cats were included if a clinical diagnosis of ekc was recorded and eosinophils were found on corneal cytology. median age at presentation was 5 years (interquartiles 5-9 years) for both males and females. domestic shorthair was the predominant breed, accounting for 77.8% of the cats. the condition was unilateral in 75.6% of cases, with the superotemporal quad ... | 2013 | 23321693 |
| restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma in a cat--cross-sectional imaging (mri & ct) appearance, treatment, and outcome. | a 16-year-old spayed female cat was evaluated for lagophthalmos and chronic exposure keratitis in both eyes. ophthalmic examination revealed upper and lower eyelid entropion of the left eye (os) and markedly decreased retropulsion, restricted eye movement, marked episcleral congestion, and severe keratitis of both eyes (ou). magnetic resonance imaging of both orbits revealed extensive, irregular, contrast-enhancing tissue without evidence of osteolysis considered compatible with diffuse inflamma ... | 2013 | 23281709 |
| felid herpesvirus 1 as a causative agent of severe nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis in a domestic cat. | felid herpesvirus 1 is an important respiratory pathogen of domestic cats. this report presents the first case of severe nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis caused by this virus in a cat. | 2013 | 23152556 |
| prevalence of serum antibody titers against feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus 1, and feline calicivirus in cats entering a florida animal shelter. | to determine the proportion of cats entering a florida animal shelter with serum antibody titers against feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv1), and feline calicivirus (fcv) and to identify factors associated with seropositivity. | 2012 | 23113524 |
| prevalence of viral infections in norwegian cats with and without feline lower urinary tract disease. | the prevalence of various viral infections was examined in primary accession cases of feline lower urinary tract disease (flutd) and healthy control cats in norway. urine samples from 102 cats with clinical signs of flutd and 73 healthy control cats were tested for the presence of feline calicivirus (fcv), feline coronavirus (fcov) and feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) by polymerase chain reaction. all urinary samples were negative for fcv and fcov. one (1%) of the flutd cats was found to be positive ... | 2012 | 22983453 |
| infectious feline herpesvirus detected in distant bone and tendon following mucosal inoculation of specific pathogen-free cats. | emerging evidence suggests that cats infected with feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) may experience a brief viremic phase. the objective of this study was to determine whether natural routes of fhv-1 inoculation could result in viremic transmission of infectious virus to connective tissues (cortical bone, tendon). three specific pathogen-free cats were experimentally inoculated with fhv-1 via a combined mucosal (oronasal, ocular) route. cats were euthanized at the peak of clinical signs to asepticall ... | 2012 | 22795772 |
| antibody response to vaccines for rhinotracheitis, caliciviral disease, panleukopenia, feline leukemia, and rabies in tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo). | this article presents the results of a study of captive tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo) vaccinated with a recombinant vaccine against feline leukemia virus; an inactivated adjuvanted vaccine against rabies virus; and a multivalent modified live vaccine against feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus. the aim of the study was to assess the immune response and safety of the vaccines and to compare the effects of the administration of single (1 ml) and double (2 m ... | 2012 | 22779227 |
| isolation and identification of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus in southern brazil. | feline calicivirus (fcv) and feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) are the two primary causes of upper respiratory tract disease in cats. the aim of this study was to demonstrate the distribution of fcv and fhv-1 among the feline population of several counties in rio grande do sul state, brazil. to this end, conjunctival and nasal swabs were collected from 302 cats from different locations, including households, breeding catteries, veterinary clinics, animal hospitals and experimental research facil ... | 2012 | 24031864 |
| in vitro assessment of the feline cell-mediated immune response against feline panleukopeniavirus, calicivirus and felid herpesvirus 1 using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling. | in this study an in vitro assay was optimized to detect feline proliferating lymphocytes as an assessment for the cell-mediated immune response. for this purpose, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (brdu) labeling was chosen because of its sensitivity and the possibility of further characterization of proliferating cells. the assay was optimized by selecting the best batch and concentration of fetal bovine serum, β-mercaptoethanol concentration, cell density, brdu incubation time and antigen presenting cel ... | 2012 | 22460172 |
| pharmacokinetics of famciclovir and penciclovir in tears following oral administration of famciclovir to cats: a pilot study. | to validate a means of collecting tears from cats, develop an assay for quantifying famciclovir and penciclovir in tears, and to assess famciclovir and penciclovir concentrations and pharmacokinetics in the tears of cats being treated orally with famciclovir for suspected herpetic disease. | 2012 | 22339892 |
| feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus-1 and feline calicivirus antibody responses in seronegative specific pathogen-free kittens after parenteral administration of an inactivated fvrcp vaccine or a modified live fvrcp vaccine. | two groups of feline panleukopenia (fpv), feline calicivirus (fcv) and feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) seronegative kittens (six cats per group) were administered one of two feline viral rhinotracheitis, calcivirus and panleukopenia (fvrcp) vaccines subcutaneously (one inactivated and one modified live) and the serological responses to each agent were followed over 49 days (days 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49). while the kittens administered the modified live fpv vaccine were more likely to ... | 2012 | 22314095 |
| effects of maternally-derived antibodies on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens. | the optimal vaccination protocol to induce immunity in kittens with maternal antibodies is unknown. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of maternally-derived antibody (mda) on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens. vaccination with a modified live virus (mlv) product was more effective than an inactivated (ia) product at inducing protective antibody titers (pat) against feline panleukopenia virus (fpv). ia vaccination against feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv) and feline cal ... | 2012 | 22314087 |
| herpesvirus dermatitis in two cats without facial lesions. | cats with feline herpesvirus (fehv-1)-associated dermatitis typically present with ulcerative lesions on the rostral muzzle and nasal planum. this report describes fehv-1 dermatitis in the flank region, in the absence of facial lesions. | 2012 | 22264263 |
| felid herpesvirus type 1 infection in cats: a natural host model for alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis. | feline herpesvirus 1 (fehv-1) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes feline viral rhinotracheitis, an important viral disease of cats on a worldwide basis. acute fehv-1 infection is associated with both upper respiratory and ocular signs. following the acute phase of the disease lifelong latency is established, primarily in sensory neuronal cells. as is the case with human herpes simplex viruses, latency reactivation can result in recrudescence, which can manifest itself in the form of serious ocula ... | 2012 | 23762586 |
| compounding for feline herpetic keratitis. | feline herpetic keratitis (infectious keratoconjunctivitis), an infection of the conjunctiva and cornea that is common in cats, involves a three-pronged treatment approach: (1)antiviral therapy, (2)immunomodulatory therapy, and (3)antibacterial therapy. since very few agents have been approved for the treatment of feline herpetic keratitis, and many of the drugs that were approved at one time for this indication can no longer be purchased, compounding pharmacists can play a vital role in the pre ... | 2013 | 23974411 |
| feline ophthalmic disease: feline herpesvirus and systematic hypertension. | | 2013 | 23981828 |
| prevalence of selected infectious disease agents in stray cats in catalonia, spain. | the objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence rates of the following infectious agents in 116 stray cats in the barcelona area of spain: anaplasma phagocytophilum, bartonella species, borrelia burgdorferi, chlamydia felis, dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia species, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1), feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), haemoplasmas, mycoplasma species and rickettsia species. | 2017 | 28491415 |
| molecular detection of viral agents in free-ranging and captive neotropical felids in brazil. | we describe molecular testing for felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (cppv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), alphacoronavirus 1 (feline coronavirus [fcov]), feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) in whole blood samples of 109 free-ranging and 68 captive neotropical felids from brazil. samples from 2 jaguars ( panthera onca) and 1 oncilla ( leopardus tigrinus) were positive for fhv-1; 2 jaguars, 1 puma ( puma conc ... | 2017 | 28677421 |
| molecular detection of infectious pathogens of the upper respiratory tract in captive nondomestic felids. | upper respiratory tract disease is a complex infectious disease process with multiple pathogens involved. identification of infectious agents in wild animals is of great importance for wildlife conservation. the aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular detection of feline herpesvirus type 1, feline calicivirus (fcv), bordetella bronchiseptica , chlamydophila felis , and mycoplasma felis using ocular and nasal swabs in three species of captive nondomestic felids. mycoplasma felis was detec ... | 2017 | 28749292 |
| feline herpesvirus pneumonia: investigations into the pathogenesis. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fehv-1) is one of the etiological agents of feline respiratory disease. fehv-1 is an epitheliotropic and cytopathic virus that mainly causes rhinitis and conjunctivitis, although pneumonia is also occasionally seen. in this study, the authors investigated the pathogenesis of fehv-1-associated pneumonia, comparing natural cases with viral infection of tracheal ring and cell cultures in vitro, using histology, immunohistology, double immunofluorescence, and transmission ... | 2017 | 28812530 |
| the domestic cat antibody response to feline herpesvirus-1 increases with age. | herpesviruses establish lifelong infections, normally characterized by prolonged periods of latency with intermittent episodes of viral reactivation. feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) infects domestic cats, and epidemiological studies indicate that many or most domestic cats are exposed to fhv-1, but the strength and longevity of the antibody response to fhv-1 is not fully characterized. here we describe development of an elisa, using lysates of cat cells infected with fhv-1, that measure feline anti ... | 2017 | 28615129 |
| rapid and sensitive insulated isothermal pcr for point-of-need feline leukaemia virus detection. | objectives feline leukaemia virus (felv), a gamma retrovirus, causes diseases of the feline haematopoietic system that are invariably fatal. rapid and accurate testing at the point-of-need (pon) supports prevention of virus spread and management of clinical disease. this study evaluated the performance of an insulated isothermal pcr (iipcr) that detects proviral dna, and a reverse transcription (rt)-iipcr that detects both viral rna and proviral dna, for felv detection at the pon. methods mycopl ... | 2017 | 28589743 |
| management and closure of multiple large cutaneous lesions in a juvenile cat with severe acquired skin fragility syndrome secondary to iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism. | case description a 13-month-old castrated male cat was evaluated for a large, spontaneously developed cutaneous laceration over the left scapular region. the cat had a history of severe gingivostomatitis, conjunctivitis, giardiasis, and feline herpesvirus infection and had received systemic glucocorticoid treatment for 7 weeks prior to evaluation. clinical findings physical examination revealed a 10 × 7-cm full-thickness cutaneous laceration over the left scapular region, extremely thin skin, cr ... | 2018 | 29319449 |
| antibody response to feline panleukopenia virus vaccination in healthy adult cats. | objectives according to prior studies, between 25.0% and 92.8% of adult cats have antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and thus are likely protected against fpv infection. it is, however, unknown how healthy adult cats with different antibody titres react to fpv vaccination in the field. therefore, the aim of the study was to measure antibody titres in healthy adult cats within a period of 28 days after vaccination against fpv and to evaluate factors that are associated with a lac ... | 2017 | 29256319 |
| effect of a pheromone on stress-associated reactivation of feline herpesvirus-1 in experimentally inoculated kittens. | stress contributes to reactivation of feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1). the usage of pheromones to decrease stress in fhv-1 experimentally inoculated kittens has not previously been investigated. | 2018 | 29219213 |
| epidemiology of clinical feline herpesvirus infection in zoo-housed cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | objective to determine the incidence of and risk factors for clinical feline herpesvirus (fhv) infection in zoo-housed cheetahs and determine whether dam infection was associated with offspring infection. design retrospective cohort study. animals 144 cheetah cubs born in 6 zoos from 1988 through 2007. procedures data were extracted from the health records of cheetahs and their dams to identify incident cases of clinical fhv infection and estimate incidence from birth to 18 months of age. univar ... | 2017 | 28959932 |
| a serological survey of common feline pathogens in free-living european wildcats (felis silvestris) in central spain. | twenty-five serum samples of 22 free-living european wildcats (felis silvestris) captured from 1991 to 1993 in central spain were tested for evidence of exposure to seven feline pathogens. all the wildcats but one (95.4%) presented evidence of contact with at least one of the agents (mean = 2.2). contact with feline leukemia virus (felv) was detected in 81% of the wildcats (antibodies, 77%; antigen p27, 15%). antibodies to feline calicivirus (fcv, 80%), feline herpesvirus (fhv, 20%), feline parv ... | 2009 | 32214938 |
| genomic analysis for virulence determinants in feline herpesvirus type-1 isolates. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) is a widespread cause of respiratory and ocular disease in domestic cats. a spectrum of disease severity is observed in host animals, but there has been limited prior investigation into viral genome factors which could be responsible. stocks of fhv-1 were established from oropharyngeal swabs obtained from twenty-five cats with signs of infection housed in eight animal shelters around the usa. a standardized numerical host clinical disease severity scoring scheme ... | 2020 | 31776852 |
| risk of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in pet cats in australia is higher in areas of lower socioeconomic status. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline calicivirus (fcv), and feline herpesvirus (fhv-1) are common viral infections of domestic cats in australia. a study was performed to investigate the possible effect of area-based socioeconomic factors on the occurrence of fiv, fcv, and fhv-1 infection in australian client-owned cats. a total of 1044 cases, reported to a voluntary australian online disease surveillance system between january 2010 and july 2017, were analysed with respect to their postc ... | 2019 | 31438632 |
| development and application of a simple recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid point-of-care detection of feline herpesvirus type 1. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) is a highly contagious pathogen of domestic cats and other members of the family felidae. point-of-care diagnosis of persistent infection in cats is essential for control of its spread. a recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) assay (rpa-lfd-fhv) combined with a lateral flow dipstrip (lfd) was developed that uses human body heat for incubation. sensitivity was evaluated by testing a serial dilution of a control plasmid, and specificity was evaluated by testi ... | 2019 | 30302584 |
| exposure to disease agents in the endangered iberian lynx (lynx pardinus). | the iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) is the most endangered felid species in the world. lynx populations have decreased dramatically in size and distribution in the last four decades, thus becoming increasingly vulnerable to catastrophic events such as epizooties. from 1989 to 2000, serum samples were obtained from 48 free-ranging lynx captured in the doñana national park (dnp, n = 31) and mountains of sierra morena (sm, n = 17) in southern spain. samples were tested for antibodies against toxoplasm ... | 2008 | 32214935 |
| serosurvey of mountain lions in southern arizona. | an understanding of the prevalence of diseases in free-ranging populations of felids is limited, and there is even less known about the overall health and diseases of wild felids that inhabit or utilize urban areas. we collected serum samples from 9 radiocollared mountain lions (puma concolor) in the mountains surrounding tucson, arizona, usa, from august 2005 to august 2008. we tested serum samples for evidence of exposure to 10 feline viruses: feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus, feli ... | 2012 | 32327861 |
| feline herpesvirus infection in four captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) postvaccination. | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) are particularly susceptible to feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1). recommendations for preventive health care in cheetahs include vaccination against fhv-1 using killed and modified live virus (mlv) vaccines. although mlv vaccines tend to induce a more robust immune response than killed vaccines, they can induce disease. this case series details an fhv-1 outbreak in four adult cheetahs following the use of mlv vaccine in one of them. all four cheetahs developed severe fhv- ... | 2020 | 32212565 |
| cerebral cysticercosis in a wild bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris) in bhutan: a first report in non-domestic felids. | the endangered bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris) is a keystone species playing an essential role in ecology as well as in the social and spiritual lives of the himalayan people. the latest estimate of the bengal tiger population in bhutan accounts for 103 individuals. infectious organisms, including zoonotic parasites causing high burden in human health, have received little attention as a cause of mortality in tigers. taeniosis/cysticercosis, caused by the cestode taenia solium, is consider ... | 2021 | 33665082 |
| serologic survey of selected pathogens in free-ranging bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) in nepal. | serum samples of 11 bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) from chitwan national park in nepal, collected between 2011-17, were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to eight diseases commonly investigated in large felids. this initial serologic survey was done to establish baseline information to understand the exposure of nepal's free-ranging tiger population to these diseases. tiger serum samples collected opportunistically during encounters such as translocation, human conflict, and injur ... | 2021 | 33822151 |