| short communication: characteristics of effective immune control of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in pigtail macaques. | considerable evidence suggests both hiv-specific t cells and neutralizing antibodies (nab) can, separately, assist control of viremia. t cell and nab responses were studied in detail in three pigtail macaques protected from chronic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) viremia by dna prime/fowlpoxvirus boost vaccine regimens. immunity was studied both after an initial intrarectal shiv challenge, as well as during cd8 t cell depletion and a subsequent intravenous shiv rechallenge. remarkably ... | 2006 | 16438642 |
| development of a recombinant fowlpox virus vector-based vaccine of h5n1 subtype avian influenza. | the genetic stability of the recombinant fowlpox virus (named rfpv-ha-na) was confirmed by serial passage on chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells. the immune efficacy, safety, the minimum immunising dose, the time of immunity induced and the immune duration of the vector-based vaccine was evaluated in specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens. the recombinant virus vaccine containing 100 plaque form units (pfu) could induce complete protection against challenge with h5n1 highly pathogenic avian inf ... | 2006 | 16447503 |
| development of the panvac-vf vaccine for pancreatic cancer. | panvac-vf is a vaccine regimen composed of a priming dose of recombinant vaccinia virus and booster doses of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing carcinoembryonic antigen, mucin-1 and a triad of costimulatory molecules (tricom), which include b7.1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen-3. vaccination is administered by subcutaneous injection followed by 4 days of local recombinant adjuvant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor at the vaccination s ... | 2006 | 16451103 |
| safety of recombinant fowlpox strain fp9 and modified vaccinia virus ankara vaccines against liver-stage p. falciparum malaria in non-immune volunteers. | the ability to generate potent antigen-specific t cell responses by vaccination has been a major hurdle in vaccinology. vaccinia virus and avipox viruses have been shown to be capable of expressing antigens in mammalian cells and can induce a protective immune response against several mammalian pathogens. we report on two such vaccine constructs, modified vaccinia virus ankara and fp9 (an attenuated fowlpox virus) both expressing the pre-erythrocytic malaria antigen thrombospondin-related adhesi ... | 2006 | 16488059 |
| a randomized phase ii study of concurrent docetaxel plus vaccine versus vaccine alone in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer. | docetaxel has activity against androgen-independent prostate cancer and preclinical studies have shown that taxane-based chemotherapy can enhance antitumor response of vaccines. the primary objective of this study was to determine if concurrent docetaxel (with dexamethasone) had any effect on generating an immune response to the vaccine. secondary end points were whether vaccine could be given safely with docetaxel and the clinical outcome of the treatment regimen. | 2006 | 16489082 |
| transmission of avian pox from starlings to rothchild's mynahs. | several wild species of birds, including starlings (sturnus vulgaris), house sparrows (passer domesticus) and pigeons (columba livia) gained access to an aviary housing rothchild's mynahs (leucospar rothchildii) and over 100 additional birds representing a variety of species. six of approximately 15 mynahs became infected with avian pox and all of them died. none of the other birds in the aviary developed lesions. pox virus was isolated from mynah facial lesions on chicken chorioallantoic membra ... | 1976 | 16498876 |
| a randomized, placebo-controlled phase i trial of dna prime, recombinant fowlpox virus boost prophylactic vaccine for hiv-1. | an hiv-vaccine consisting of a dna prime, recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) boost was evaluated in a double-blind placebo controlled trial. one milligram of phis-hiv-b expressing mutated gag, pol, env, vpu, tat and rev was administered at weeks 0 and 4 boosted by 5 x 10(7) pfu rfpv-hiv-b expressing gag/pol at week 8. the vaccine regimen was safe, but there was no difference between vaccine (n = 18) and placebo recipients (n = 6) for gag or pol-specific t-cell immune responses at week 9. | 2006 | 16511428 |
| [recombinant viruses of poultry as vector vaccines against fowl plague]. | to help in the control of fowl plague caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza a viruses of hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes h5 and h7 several vaccines have been developed. a prophylactic immunization of poultry with inactivated influenza viruses in non-endemic situations is questionable, however, due to the impairment of serological identification of field virus-infected animals which hinders elimination of the infectious agent from the population. this problem might be overcome by the use of gen ... | 2006 | 16573206 |
| safety profile of the viral vectors of attenuated fowlpox strain fp9 and modified vaccinia virus ankara recombinant for either of 2 preerythrocytic malaria antigens, me-trap or the circumsporozoite protein, in children and adults in kenya. | we are developing a heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy against malaria. this approach uses sequential immunization with different vectors to deliver a common preerythrocytic malaria antigen. preliminary evidence of efficacy and safety has been previously documented in studies from an area where malaria is nonendemic. additional safety data from an area where malaria is endemic are now required before larger-scale studies are undertaken to determine the efficacy of this vaccine strategy in ... | 2006 | 16575727 |
| [recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing ha and na gene from subtype h5n1 of avian influenza virus and its protective efficacy]. | the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase(na)gene from subtype h5n1 avian influenza virus were directly inserted into the transferring vector plls, resulting in the recombinant transferring vector p11sh5ana. then p11sh5ana was transfected into the chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef), which was pre-infected with wild type fowlpox virus, to generate the recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing h5a and na (rfpv-11sh5ana). by selection of blue plaques on the cef, rfpv-11sh5ana was obtained and purified. e ... | 2006 | 16579476 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of an avian poxvirus isolated from an endangered hawaiian goose (branta sandvicensis). | an avian poxvirus from cutaneous lesions in a hawaiian goose (branta sandvicensis) was characterized in this study. the virus was isolated by inoculation onto the chorioallantoic membranes (cams) of developing chicken embryos. cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed on histopathological examination of cam lesions. western blotting analysis using polyclonal antiserum against fowl poxvirus (fwpv) showed differences from fwpv, but a similar antigenic profile between hawaiian goosepox (hgp) isola ... | 2006 | 16617975 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of a live fowlpox-vectored infectious laryngotracheitis/avian encephalomyelitis vaccine against ilt viral challenge. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is caused by an alphaherpesvirus, and latency can be produced by previous exposure to vaccine virus. the main sites of latency for the ilt virus have been shown to be the trigeminal ganglion and the trachea. reactivation of latent virus is one factor related to the production of clinical signs. the development of a genetically engineered ilt vaccine has been suggested for many years as a tool to eliminate viral latency. several approaches have been suggested. i ... | 2006 | 16617981 |
| pathology of cutaneous fowlpox with amyloidosis in layer hens inoculated with fowlpox vaccine. | cutaneous fowlpox occurring in vaccinated layer hens was investigated pathologically and microbiologically. anorexia, decrease of egg production, increased mortality, yellow scabs on faces, and alopecia of feathered skins with yellow scabs were observed in affected hens. histologically, proliferative and necrotic dermatitis with eosinophilic ring-shaped cytoplasmic inclusions (bollinger bodies) and clumps of gram-positive cocci (staphylococcus hyicus) were noted in the affected birds. fowlpox le ... | 2006 | 16618002 |
| immunogenicity of the candidate malaria vaccines fp9 and modified vaccinia virus ankara encoding the pre-erythrocytic antigen me-trap in 1-6 year old children in a malaria endemic area. | in a phase 1 trial, 22 children in a malaria endemic area were immunised with candidate malaria vaccination regimes. the regimes used two recombinant viral vectors, attenuated fowlpox strain fp9 and modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva). both encoded the pre-erythrocytic malaria antigen construct me-trap. strong t cell responses were detected by both ex vivo and cultured elispot assays. data from phase 1 trials in adults on anti-vector responses raised by fp9 is presented. these responses partial ... | 2006 | 16621181 |
| in ovo dna immunisation followed by a recombinant fowlpox boost is fully protective to challenge with virulent ibdv. | the aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of dna vaccination delivered in ovo for protecting against challenge with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). using a plasmid expressing the beta-galactosidase gene, dna was successfully delivered to the embryo after in ovo injection and localises to the proventriculus and thymus. the coding sequence for the immunogenic ibdv protein, vp2, was cloned into pci-neo, creating pci-vp2. complete protection against ibdv was obtained by prim ... | 2006 | 16621184 |
| construction and immunogenicity of recombinant fowlpox vaccines coexpressing ha of aiv h5n1 and chicken il18. | cdnas of the ha genes of subtype h5n1 aiv were fused to form a single open reading frame, designated h5ha-h7ha. the h5ha-h7ha cdna and chicken interleukin-18 (il18) were inserted into the fowlpox virus (fpv) expression vector puta-16-lacz to produce putal-h5-h7-il18. cdna of h5n1 aiv ha was inserted into the fpv expression vector puta2 to create the recombinant expression plasmid puta2-h5. plasmids were then co-transected into cef cells. the two recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpv) were produced b ... | 2006 | 16621199 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of prime-boost immunization with recombinant poxvirus fp9 and modified vaccinia virus ankara encoding the full-length plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. | heterologous prime-boost immunization with dna and various recombinant poxviruses encoding malaria antigens is capable of inducing strong cell-mediated immune responses and partial protection in human sporozoite challenges. here we report a series of trials assessing recombinant fowlpox virus and modified vaccinia virus ankara encoding the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in various prime-boost combinations, doses, and application routes. for the first time, these vaccines were adm ... | 2006 | 16622207 |
| evaluation of immune effects of fowlpox vaccine strains and field isolates. | the immune effects of fowlpox virus (fpv) field isolates and vaccine strains were evaluated in chickens infected at the age of 1 day and 6 weeks. the field isolates and the obsolete vaccine strain (fpv s) contained integrated reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) provirus, while the current vaccine strain (fpvst) carries only rev ltr sequences. an indirect antibody elisa was used to measure the fpv-specific antibody response. the non-specific humoral response was evaluated by injection of two t-cell ... | 2006 | 16650660 |
| sequence analysis for the complete proviral genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus chinese strain ha9901. | the genomic dna extracted from chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) infected with a chinese field isolate ha9901 of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was used as the template to amplify the rev proviral genomic cdna by pcr with 6 pairs of primers according to published sequences. six overlapping fragments were amplified, cloned into the ta vector and sequenced, including a fragment which was amplified from the circular proviral cdna and covering both 5'- and 3'-ends. the complete sequence of the whol ... | 2006 | 16704118 |
| evaluation of fowlpox-vaccinia virus prime-boost vaccine strategies for high-level mucosal and systemic immunity against hiv-1. | we have tested the efficacy of recombinant fowl pox (rfpv) and recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) encoding antigens of ae clade hiv-1 in a prime-boost strategy, using both systemic and mucosal delivery routes. of the various vaccine routes tested, intranasal/intramuscular (i.n./i.m.) ae fpv/ae vv prime-boosting generated the highest mucosal and systemic t cell responses. peak mucosal t cell responses occurred as early as 3 days post-boost vaccination. in contrast only low systemic responses were o ... | 2006 | 16759767 |
| construction and immunogenicity of a recombinant fowlpox virus containing the capsid and 3c protease coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is an important pathogen with worldwide economic consequences. consequently, an important goal is the development of a vaccine that can provide rapid protection while overcoming the potential risk associated with the production of conventional inactivated vaccines. an important secondary feature of the vaccine would be the ability to distinguish vaccinated from infected animals. a recombinant fowlpox virus (vutal3cp1) containing fmdv capsid polypeptide and 3c ... | 2006 | 16780963 |
| different levels of immunogenicity of two strains of fowlpox virus as recombinant vaccine vectors eliciting t-cell responses in heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategies. | the fp9 strain of f has been described as a more immunogenic recombinant vaccine vector than the webster fpv-m (fpw) strain (r. j. anderson et al., j. immunol. 172:3094-3100, 2004). this study expands the comparison to include two separate recombinant antigens and multiple, rather than single, independent viral clones derived from the two strains. dual-poxvirus heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimens using individual clones of recombinant fp9 or fpw in combination with recombinant modified ... | 2006 | 16829611 |
| avipoxvirus phylogenetics: identification of a pcr length polymorphism that discriminates between the two major clades. | avipoxvirus infections have been observed in an extensive range of wild, captive and domesticated avian hosts, yet little is known about the genome diversity and host-range specificity of the causative agent(s). genome-sequence data are largely restricted to fowlpox virus (fwpv) and canarypox virus (cnpv), which have been sequenced completely, showing considerable divergence between them. it is therefore proving difficult, by empirical approaches, to identify pan-genus, avipoxvirus-specific olig ... | 2006 | 16847115 |
| a phase i feasibility study of an intraprostatic prostate-specific antigen-based vaccine in patients with prostate cancer with local failure after radiation therapy or clinical progression on androgen-deprivation therapy in the absence of local definitive therapy. | | 2006 | 16859586 |
| recombinant vaccinia/fowlpox ny-eso-1 vaccines induce both humoral and cellular ny-eso-1-specific immune responses in cancer patients. | ny-eso-1 is a cancer/testis antigen expressed in a range of human malignancies, and a number of vaccine strategies targeting ny-eso-1 are being developed. in the present study, the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant vaccinia-ny-eso-1 and recombinant fowlpox-ny-eso-1 were analyzed in a series of 36 patients with a range of different tumor types. each construct was first tested individually at two different dose levels and then in a prime-boost setting with recombinant vaccinia-ny-eso-1 foll ... | 2006 | 16984998 |
| prime-boost strategies in dna vaccines. | induction of hiv-specific t-cell responses by vaccines may facilitate efficient control of hiv replication. plasmid dna vaccines and recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) vaccines are promising hiv-1 vaccine candidates, although delivering either vaccine alone may be insufficient to induce sufficient t-cell responses. a consecutive immunization strategy, known as "prime-boost," involving priming with dna and boosting with rfpv vaccines encoding multiple common hiv antigens, is used to induce broad an ... | 2006 | 16988455 |
| the potential role of fowlpox virus in rational vaccine design. | the design of optimal vaccines requires detailed knowledge of how protective immune responses are generated in vivo under normal circumstances. this approach to vaccine development, where the immune correlates of protection are defined and vaccines are designed to elicit the same response, is called rational vaccine design. poxviruses are attractive candidates for inclusion in such design strategies owing to their large genome, which allows for the inclusion of multiple heterologous genes, inclu ... | 2006 | 16989636 |
| randomized, placebo-controlled, phase i/iia evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of fowlpox virus expressing hiv gag-pol and interferon-gamma in hiv-1 infected subjects. | we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial to examine the safety and immunogenicity of a candidate hiv therapeutic vaccine based upon a recombinant fowl pox virus capable of coexpressing the human cytokine interferon-gamma and/or genes from hiv-1. thirty-five eligible subjects were randomized (12 placebo, 11 fowlpox + hiv genes, 12 fowl pox + hiv genes + interferon gamma). all but one subject (placebo group) received three immunizations (by intramuscular injection on day 0, ... | 2005 | 17012863 |
| dose-response relationship of dna and recombinant fowlpox virus prime-boost hiv vaccines: implications for future trials. | estimating effective doses of novel hiv vaccines is challenging. dose-response analyses of dna and fowlpox virus hiv vaccines showed that 1 mg of dna vaccine and 5 x 10(7)pfu of fowlpox virus booster was immunogenic in macaques. however, this dose was poorly immunogenic in humans. when adjusted for body surface area, the human dose studied was equivalent to a poorly immunogenic lower dose in monkeys. these data provide a rationale for guiding dosing in future trials of hiv vaccine technologies. | 2006 | 17012897 |
| antitumor effects of a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing apoptin in vivo and in vitro. | apoptin is a chicken anemia virus-derived, p53-independent, bcl-2-insensitive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis in tumor cells. to explore the use of the apoptin gene in cancer gene therapy, we constructed a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the apoptin protein (vfv-apoptin) and compared the tumor-killing activity of the recombinant virus with that of wild-type fowlpox virus in the human hepatoma cell line hepg2. we found that although cells were somewhat res ... | 2006 | 17036330 |
| [sequence analysis of integration sites of reticuloendotheliosis virus ltr in fowlpox vaccine virus genomes]. | by use of genomic dna prepared from 5 fowlpox virus (fpv) vaccines made in china (from shandong, beijing, liaoning, zhejing and shanghai respectively) as the templates, reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) ltr was amplified in pcr with a pair of primers synthesized according to the sequences flanking the integrated rev-5'ltr in fpv genomes published in us and australia. sequence analysis indicated that the rev-5'ltr integration sites in genomes of all 5 chinese pfv vaccine products were identical t ... | 2006 | 17037075 |
| 4-1bbl coexpression enhances hiv-specific cd8 t cell memory in a poxvirus prime-boost vaccine. | we have constructed a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing hiv antigens and the costimulatory molecule 4-1bbl. when included in the boost, but not the prime of a poxvirus prime-boost strategy, 4-1bbl significantly enhanced the anti-hiv t cell response generated to this vaccination in balb/c mice, as detected by ex vivo ifngamma elispot responses, intracellular cytokine staining to hiv gag antigens, and enumeration of gag-reactive cd8 t cells. 4-1bbl however, is not capable of modulating the cd4 ... | 2006 | 17050052 |
| comparative efficacy of subtype ae simian-human immunodeficiency virus priming and boosting vaccines in pigtail macaques. | vaccination against aids is hampered by great diversity between human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) strains. heterologous b-subtype-based simian-human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) dna prime and poxvirus boost vaccine regimens can induce partial, t-cell-mediated, protective immunity in macaques. we analyzed a set of dna, recombinant fowlpox viruses (fpv), and vaccinia viruses (vv) expressing subtype ae hiv type 1 (hiv-1) tat, rev, and env proteins and siv gag/pol in 30 pigtail macaques. siv gag-s ... | 2007 | 17050602 |
| detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus in live virus vaccines of poultry. | in vitro and in vivo assays have been used for the detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) in live virus vaccines of poultry. the presence of rev is confirmed by the demonstration of viral antigen or provirus in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) or in specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated with vaccine. using rev polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, cefs inoculated with vaccines can be examined for rev by immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase staining methods. cell lysates from such ... | 2006 | 17058506 |
| full genome sequence and some biological properties of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain apc-566 isolated from endangered attwater's prairie chickens. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) causes runting, high mortality, immunosuppression, and chronic neoplasia associated with t and/or b cell lymphomas in a variety of domestic and wild birds, including attwater's prairie chickens (apc) (tympanuchus cupido attwateri). the complete proviral sequence of a recent rev isolate from apc (rev apc-566) was determined. this virus was isolated from an apc maintained in captivity in a reproduction program intended to avoid its extinction. rev apc-566 was dete ... | 2007 | 17098316 |
| retention of 1.2 kbp of 'novel' genomic sequence in two european field isolates and some vaccine strains of fowlpox virus extends open reading frame fpv241. | the emergence of variant fowlpox viruses (fwpvs) and increasing field use of recombinants against avian influenza h5n1 emphasize the need to monitor vaccines and to distinguish them from field strains. five commercial vaccines, two laboratory viruses and two european field isolates were characterized by pcr and sequencing at 18 loci differing between attenuated fp9 and its pathogenic progenitor. pcr failed to discriminate between the viruses and sequence determination revealed no significant dif ... | 2006 | 17098969 |
| development and use of fowlpox vectored vaccines for avian influenza. | the avian influenza (ai) vaccine designated trovac-aiv h5 (trovac-h5) contains a live recombinant fowlpox rec. (fp) recombinant (recfp), expressing the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of an ai h5 subtype isolate. this recombinant vaccine was granted a license in the united states for emergency use in 1998 and full registration in mexico, guatemala, and el salvador where over 2 billion doses have been administered. one injection of trovac-h5 protects chickens against ai-induced mortality and morbidity fo ... | 2006 | 17135511 |
| [construction and characterization of a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing f, hn genes of newcastle disease virus and gb gene of infectious laryngnotracheitis virus]. | the fusion (f) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) genes of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and the glycoprotein b (gb) gene of infectious laryngothracheitis virus (iltv) as well as a lacz reporter gene were all inserted into a nonessential gene of fowlpox virus (fpv) 017 strain by homologous recombination. the ndv and iltv genes were each under the control of a fowlpox virus immediate early/late promoter (lp2ep2) while the lacz reporter gene expression cassette was regulated by a p11 late promo ... | 2006 | 17168315 |
| secis elements in the coding regions of selenoprotein transcripts are functional in higher eukaryotes. | expression of selenocysteine (sec)-containing proteins requires the presence of a cis-acting mrna structure, called selenocysteine insertion sequence (secis) element. in bacteria, this structure is located in the coding region immediately downstream of the sec-encoding uga codon, whereas in eukaryotes a completely different secis element has evolved in the 3'-untranslated region. here, we report that secis elements in the coding regions of selenoprotein mrnas support sec insertion in higher euka ... | 2007 | 17169995 |
| development of a method for bacteria and virus recovery from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (hvac) filters. | the aim of the work presented here is to study the effectiveness of building air handling units (ahus) in serving as high volume sampling devices for airborne bacteria and viruses. an hvac test facility constructed according to ashrae standard 52.2-1999 was used for the controlled loading of hvac filter media with aerosolized bacteria and virus. nonpathogenic bacillus subtilis var. niger was chosen as a surrogate for bacillus anthracis. three animal viruses; transmissible gastroenteritis virus ( ... | 2006 | 17240906 |
| prime-boost immunization with dna, recombinant fowlpox virus and vlp(shiv) elicit both neutralizing antibodies and ifngamma-producing t cells against the hiv-envelope protein in mice that control env-bearing tumour cells. | different primings with dna and fowlpox virus (fp) recombinants or fp alone were used in a pre-clinical trial to evaluate and compare immunogenicity and efficacy against hiv/shiv. three immunization regimens were tested in three groups of mice in which the siv gag/pol and hiv-1 env transgenes were separately expressed by dna and fp vectors, followed by vlp(shiv) boosting. all of the protocols were effective in eliciting homologous neutralizing antibodies, although the mice immunized with dna fol ... | 2007 | 17241705 |
| [construction and screening of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing eimeria tenella f2 hybrid strain so7 gene]. | to construct the recombinant fowlpox virus expressing eimeria tenella f2 hybrid strain so7 gene. | 2006 | 17361816 |
| immune responses of pigs inoculated with a recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing gp5/gp3 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and swine il-18. | two recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpv-orf5-orf3 and rfpv-il-18-orf5-orf3) containing the orf5/orf3 cdnas of prrsv (strain chang chun) and il-18 of swine were constructed and evaluated for theirs abilities to induce humoral and cellular responses in piglets. in addition, their abilities to protect piglets against homologous virus challenge were examined. all piglets were given booster vaccinations at 21 days after the initial inoculation, and all piglets were challenged at 60 after the initial in ... | 2007 | 17418456 |
| construction and characterization of a recombinant fowlpox virus containing hiv-1 multi-epitope-p24 chimeric gene in mice. | the epidemic of hiv/aids is sweeping across the world. it is of great importance to figure out new ways to curb this disease. epitope-based vaccine is one of these solutions. in this study, a chimeric gene was obtained by combination of a designed hiv-1 multi-epitope gene (meg) and hiv-1 p24 gene. a recombinant plasmid puta2-megp24 was then constructed by inserting megp24 gene into the downstream of the promoter (ati-p7.5x20) of fowlpox virus (fpv) transfer vector puta2. the recombinant plasmid ... | 2007 | 17447028 |
| drug evaluation: therion's rv-psa-tricom + rf-psa-tricom prime-boost prostate cancer vaccine. | therion biologics corp is developing prostvac-vf-tricom, a prime-boost vaccine regimen that consists of a priming injection with a recombinant attenuated vaccinia virus expressing psa and tricom (the company's proprietary triad of costimulatory molecules: icam-1, b7.1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3), and a booster injection with a fowlpox virus expressing the same combination, for the potential treatment of prostate cancer. phase ii clinical trials are underway. | 2007 | 17458173 |
| efficacy of an inactivated and a fowlpox-vectored vaccine in muscovy ducks against an asian h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viral challenge. | the efficacy of an inactivated vaccine containing the eurasian isolate a/chicken/italy/22a/98 h5n9 (h5n9-it) was compared with that of the fowlpox-vectored trovactm-aiv h5 (rfp-aiv-h5) vaccine against an h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza challenge. five-week-old muscovy ducks were vaccinated with either h5n9-it (0.5 ml) or rfp-aiv-h5 (5 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose (tcid50)/dose), followed by a boost at 7 wk of age with the same vaccine (1.0 ml of h5n9-it or 5 log10 tcid50/dose ... | 2007 | 17494576 |
| the dog that did not bark: malaria vaccines without antibodies. | to date, the only pre-blood stage vaccine to confer protection against malaria in field trials elicits both antigen-specific antibody and t-cell responses. recent clinical trials of new heterologous prime-boost malaria vaccine regimens using dna, fowlpox or mva, have chiefly elicited t-cell responses that have promisingly reduced hepatic merozoites in challenge trials, but failed to protect in field trials. these encouraging results suggest further augmentation of t-cell responses to pre-blood s ... | 2007 | 17512252 |
| heterologous prime/boost immunization of rhesus monkeys by using diverse poxvirus vectors. | as the diversity of potential immunogens increases within certain classes of vectors, the possibility has arisen of employing heterologous prime/boost immunizations using diverse members of the same family of vectors. the present study was initiated to explore the use of divergent pox vectors in a prime/boost regimen to elicit high-frequency cellular immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope and simian immunodeficiency virus gag in rhesus monkeys. we demonstrated that monk ... | 2007 | 17553898 |
| recovery of genetically defined murine norovirus in tissue culture by using a fowlpox virus expressing t7 rna polymerase. | despite the significant disease burden caused by human norovirus infection, an efficient tissue-culture system for these viruses remains elusive. murine norovirus (mnv) is an ideal surrogate for the study of norovirus biology, as the virus replicates efficiently in tissue culture and a low-cost animal model is readily available. in this report, a reverse-genetics system for mnv is described, using a fowlpox virus (fwpv) recombinant expressing t7 rna polymerase to recover genetically defined mnv ... | 2007 | 17622609 |
| therapeutic vaccination against murine lymphoma by intratumoral injection of recombinant fowlpox virus encoding cd40 ligand. | the interaction between cd40 ligand (cd40l, cd154) and its receptor cd40 on antigen-presenting cells is essential for the initiation of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. malignant b cells also express cd40 and respond to cd40l by enhancing expression of costimulatory molecules. in this study, we investigated the therapeutic antitumor effect of intratumoral administration of recombinant fowlpox virus encoding murine cd40l (rf-mcd40l) in a murine b-cell lymphoma model. balb/c mice with e ... | 2007 | 17638917 |
| [self-excising reporter gene in recombinant fowlpox virus expressing h5 hemagglutinin gene of influenza a virus using cre-loxp systerm]. | hemagglutinin gene of subtype h5 avian influenza virus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction to construct expression cassette containing fpv early, late promoter and sv40 polya tail. then delivery vector was constructed by subcloning hemagglutinin gene of subtype h5 and gfp gene into fowlpox virus recombinant arm. the delivery vector and lipid were transfected into cef cells preinfected with fpv 282e4 strain virus. recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the green fluorescence protein and hema ... | 2007 | 17672322 |
| fowlpox virus encodes a bcl-2 homologue that protects cells from apoptotic death through interaction with the proapoptotic protein bak. | poxviruses are renowned for encoding numerous immunomodulatory proteins capable of undermining potent immune defenses. one effective barrier against infection is apoptosis, a process controlled at the mitochondria by pro- and antiapoptotic members of the highly conserved bcl-2 family of proteins. although poxviruses are known to encode an array of effective inhibitors of apoptosis, members of the avipoxvirus genus, which includes fowlpox virus, encode proteins with bcl-2 homology. here, we show ... | 2007 | 17686864 |
| immune responses of swine inoculated with a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing p12a and 3c of fmdv and swine il-18. | two recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpv-p1 and rfpv-il18-2ap12a) containing foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid polypeptide, 3c coding regions of o/ny00 were evaluated to determine their abilities to induce humoral and cellular responses in the presence or absence of swine il-18 as genetic adjuvant. the ability to protect swine against homologous virus challenge was examined. all swine were given booster vaccinations at 21 days after the initial inoculation and were challenged 10 days after ... | 2008 | 17706296 |
| clinical safety of a viral vector based prostate cancer vaccine strategy. | the primary objective of this phase i study was to evaluate the clinical safety of a vaccine using recombinant vaccinia virus (prime) and recombinant fowlpox virus (boost) in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with prostate cancer. the vaccines contained transgenes for prostate specific antigen, a triad of co-stimulatory molecules and a tumor antigen whose amino acid sequence had been modified to enhance its immunogenicity. secondary end points were imm ... | 2007 | 17707059 |
| [active immunotherapy of prostate cancer with a focus on dendritic cells]. | recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer is generally considered an incurable disease. given the transient benefit from hormone deprivation therapy and limited successes of systemic chemotherapy, alternative treatment modalities are needed both in the situation of psa recurrence and in hormone-refractory disease. prostate cancer cells express several tumor associated antigens which are currently being evaluated as targets for active and specific immunotherapy approaches. dendritic cells (dc) are ... | 2007 | 17896564 |
| detection and differentiation of re-emerging fowlpox virus (fwpv) strains carrying integrated reticuloendotheliosis virus (fwpv-rev) by real-time pcr. | current strains of fowlpox virus (fwpv) carrying circulating reticuloendotheliosis virus (fwpv-rev) sequence are becoming more pathogenic to poultry. this is evidenced by the fact that vaccination with current available fwpv vaccines provides limited protection against them. to characterize rev insertions in a collection of both older and more recent field isolates, we developed three different types of adjacent oligoprobes and primer sets from specific genomic locations of fwpv and rev: rev-env ... | 2008 | 17913400 |
| creation of diversity in the animal virus world by inter-species and intra-species recombinations: lessons learned from poultry viruses. | the biological diversity within viruses is one of the largest found in all other forms of nature. many mechanisms contribute to virus diversity and include incorporating genetic material from the host, recombination between viruses belonging to the same or to a different family, and even recombination between viruses normally infecting different hosts. in particular, avian viruses can utilize all three of these mechanisms to generate new viruses. it is well documented that recombinations can occ ... | 2008 | 17922180 |
| improvements to the hemagglutination inhibition test for serological assessment of recombinant fowlpox-h5-avian-influenza vaccination in chickens and its use along with an agar gel immunodiffusion test for differentiating infected from noninfected vaccinated animals. | in general, avian influenza (ai) vaccines protect chickens from morbidity and mortality and reduce, but do not completely prevent, replication of wild ai viruses in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of vaccinated chickens. therefore, surveillance programs based on serological testing must be developed to differentiate vaccinated flocks infected with wild strains of ai virus from noninfected vaccinated flocks in order to evaluate the success of vaccination in a control program and allow conti ... | 2007 | 17992929 |
| concurrent infection in chickens with fowlpox virus and infectious laryngotracheitis virus as detected by immunohistochemistry and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique. | a concurrent infection of chickens with infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), a herpesvirus, and fowlpox virus (fwpv), an avipoxvirus, is described. two techniques, an immunohistochemistry (ihc) technique and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr), were used to examine 11 tissue samples from chickens clinically diagnosed as fwpv-infected, but only ihc was used to examine six tissue-paraffin blocks prepared from turkeys suspected of having fwpv infection. by multiplex pcr, both fwpv and ... | 2007 | 17992932 |
| poxvirus-based vaccine therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. | an open-label phase 1 study of recombinant prime-boost poxviruses targeting cea and muc-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was conducted to determine safety, tolerability and obtain preliminary data on immune response and survival. | 2007 | 18039393 |
| [not available]. | | 1948 | 18123406 |
| avipoxvirus in blackcaps (sylvia atricapilla). | from july to september 2005, 1075 wild birds of 37 species were mist-netted at a location in the north-eastern part of the czech republic. the birds were examined for the presence of avipoxvirus lesions. this was demonstrated by electron microscopy in skin lesions in nine of 244 blackcaps (sylvia atricapilla) examined (4% prevalence). blackcaps skin bioptates were processed using the ultrathin section method. in skin bioptates, avipoxviruses were demonstrated in intracytoplasmic inclusions where ... | 2008 | 18202957 |
| antiviral therapy with entecavir combined with post-exposure "prime-boost" vaccination eliminates duck hepatitis b virus-infected hepatocytes and prevents the development of persistent infection. | short-term antiviral therapy with the nucleoside analogue entecavir (etv), given at an early stage of duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) infection, restricts virus spread and leads to clearance of dhbv-infected hepatocytes in approximately 50% of etv-treated ducks, whereas widespread and persistent dhbv infection develops in 100% of untreated ducks. to increase the treatment response rate, etv treatment was combined in the current study with a post-exposure "prime-boost" vaccination protocol. four gr ... | 2008 | 18206204 |
| immunization with a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing a hepatitis c virus core-e1 polyprotein variant, protects mice and african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) against challenge with a surrogate vaccinia virus. | hcv (hepatitis c virus) is a worldwide health problem nowadays. no preventive vaccine is available against this pathogen, and therapeutic treatments currently in use have important drawbacks, including limited efficacy. in the present work a recombinant fowlpox virus, fpcoe1, expressing a truncated hcv core-e1 polyprotein, was generated. fpcoe1 virus generally failed to elicit a humoral immune response against hcv antigens in balb/c mice. by contrast, mice inoculated with fpcoe1 elicited a posit ... | 2008 | 18215116 |
| eimeria tenella: construction of a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing rhomboid gene and its protective efficacy against homologous infection. | a recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) expressing the eimeria tenella rhomboid gene was constructed and its protective efficacy against homologous infection in chickens determined. three-day-old-specific pathogen free (spf) chickens were immunized s.c. with 10(2) plaque forming units (pfu), 10(4) pfu, or 10(6) pfu of rfpv-rhomboid, and challenged with 5x10(4) homologous sporulated oocysts 14 days post-immunization (p.i.). the specific antibody response and lymphocyte proliferation were measured 1, 2 ... | 2008 | 18261729 |
| an mhc-restricted cd8+ t-cell response is induced in cattle by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection and also following vaccination with inactivated fmdv. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hooved animals that carries enormous economic consequences. cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes play an important role in protection and disease outcome in viral infections but, to date, the role of the cd8(+) t-cell immune response to fmdv remains unclear. this study aimed to investigate major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted cd8(+) t-cell responses to fmdv in vaccinated and in infected cattle. an in ... | 2008 | 18272757 |
| targeted delivery of murine ifn-gamma using a recombinant fowlpox virus: nk cell recruitment to regional lymph nodes and priming of tumor-specific host immunity. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is a proinflammatory cytokine that also acts as a potent immunomodulatory agent. in this study, a replication-deficient recombinant avian (fowlpox) virus was engineered to express the murine ifn-gamma gene (rf-muifn-gamma) with the rationale of delivering concentrated levels of the cytokine to a local tissue microenvironment. subcutaneous (s.c.) rf-muifn-gamma administration resulted in ifn-gamma production that (1) was restricted to the tissue microenvironment of th ... | 2008 | 18279103 |
| recombination-mediated genetic engineering of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva). | the production, manipulation and rescue of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of vaccinia virus (vac-bac) in order to expedite construction of expression vectors and mutagenesis of the genome has been described (domi & moss, 2002, pnas99 12415-20). the genomic bac clone was 'rescued' back to infectious virus using a fowlpox virus helper to supply transcriptional machinery. we apply here a similar approach to the attenuated strain modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva), now widely used as a sa ... | 2008 | 18286194 |
| [construction of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing e0 gene of classical swine fever virus shimen strain and the animal immunity experiment]. | the csfv e0 gene was amplified from the plasmid pmd18-t-e0 by pcr and cloned into the fpv-p11 and fpv-psy. the identified recombinant dna was transfected into chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) to package fowlpox virus. e0 gene was confirmed to be integrated into the genome of recombinant fowlpox virus by pcr, and western blot was employed for detection of e0 expression in the chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with recombinant fowlpox virus . the results of elisa showed that systemic immune resp ... | 2008 | 18320824 |
| influence of ifngamma co-expression on the safety and antiviral efficacy of recombinant fowlpox virus hiv therapeutic vaccines following interruption of antiretroviral therapy. | therapeutic immunization to stimulate host immune responses and control human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) replication is being investigated as a supplementary treatment for the management of hiv infection. on completion of an earlier study involving three vaccinations while taking combination antiretroviral therapy (cart), twenty-five subjects with plasma viral load (pvl) <50 copies/ml received a booster vaccination with either placebo (n = 7); fowl pox vaccine (rfpv) expressing hiv-1 gag/pol ... | 2007 | 18340117 |
| protection of chickens from newcastle disease and infectious laryngotracheitis with a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing the f, hn genes of newcastle disease virus and gb gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | a recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) coexpressing the newcastle disease virus (ndv) fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes and infectious laryngothracheitis virus (iltv) glycoprotein b gene was constructed. this virus was then evaluated for its ability to protect specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens against clinical symptoms and death after challenge by virulent ndv and iltv. spf chickens were grouped and vaccinated with the rfpv and commercial ndv (la sota) and iltv attenuated live vaccine ... | 2008 | 18459306 |
| field isolates of fowlpox virus contaminated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was used to examine samples from field cases of fowlpox for the presence of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). the s-strain fowlpox vaccine, known to be contaminated with rev, served as a positive control. fowlpox virus was grown from field samples and vaccines by inoculation of embryonated hen eggs by the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) route. dna was extracted from the cam lesions and examined for rev proviral sequences using primers specific for the l ... | 1998 | 18483965 |
| recombinant fowlpox virus elicits transient cytotoxic t cell responses due to suboptimal innate recognition and recruitment of t cell help. | recombinant fowlpox viruses (fpvs) have been used in a variety of vaccine strategies; however strong data clearly demonstrating the characteristics of the strength and nature of the resultant immune response elicited by these vectors are lacking. by utilising a recombinant variant of fpv which expresses the nominal antigen chicken ovalbumin (ova), and assessing innate fpv- and ova-specific adaptive immune responses, we show that recombinant fpv induces a rapid type i interferon (ifn) response, m ... | 2008 | 18541346 |
| fowlpox vaccination: routes of inoculation and pathological effects. | chickens were vaccinated against fowlpox via the wing web, oral route, drinking water or by aerosol. using two inoculations of virus, at 5 and 26 days of age, protective immunity was induced in chickens which resisted challenge with a pathogenic fowlpox virus given either via the wing web or intravenously at 46 days of age. aerosol and wing web vaccination induced slightly better protective immunity than drinking water or oral vaccination. virus was detected in lung cells of chicks vaccinated by ... | 1990 | 18679975 |
| safety and immunologic response of a viral vaccine to prostate-specific antigen in combination with radiation therapy when metronomic-dose interleukin 2 is used as an adjuvant. | we have previously reported on the safety and immunologic response of a poxvirus-based vaccine encoding prostate-specific antigen (psa) used in combination with radiation therapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. we hypothesized that a "metronomic" dose of interleukin 2 (il-2) as a biological adjuvant would cause less toxicity while maintaining immunologic response. | 2008 | 18698048 |
| outbreak of atypical fowlpox in chickens with persistent reticuloendotheliosis viraemia. | during the autumn in s/eastern australia, eight chickens of 7 months of age with an experimentally-induced reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) viraemia developed cutaneous manifestations similar to fowlpox. ten hatchmates housed in a separate pen nearby, and known to be free of rev infection, remained clinically normal. fowlpox virus was isolated from the affected birds and histologically the lesions were characteristic of fowlpox. unsuccessful application of fowlpox vaccine by wing web 'stab', 2 ... | 1987 | 18766601 |
| the detection of cytotoxic lymphocyte activity in chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus or fowl pox virus. | a cytotoxic lymphocyte assay, using cells that adhered to plastic as the target cells and neutral red as the indicator for lysis, was applied to chickens infected with either infectious bronchitis virus or fowl pox virus. both target and effector cells were derived from the same bird. cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated in birds infected with either virus. the activity was confined to cells of the spleen after initial immunisation, but could be detected in white cells from the blood after chall ... | 1987 | 18766629 |
| fowlpox virus: its structural proteins and immunogens and the detection of viral-specific antibodies by elisa. | this study showed a possible 30 structural polypeptides in the fowlpox virion. there were three major structural proteins, of relative molecular mass (rmm) 91, 64, and 58 kda which were not major immunogens. although most viral polypeptides were shown to be immunogenic, antibodies in chicken sera taken after a primary fowlpox inoculation reacted strongly only with polypeptides of 37 and 35 kda, whereas antibodies in sera taken after a secondary inoculation also reacted strongly with six other vi ... | 1987 | 18766637 |
| integration of the reticuloendotheliosis virus envelope gene into the poultry fowlpox virus genome is not universal. | fowlpox virus (fwpv) is found worldwide in poultry and wild birds. fwpv is a natural example of recombination between viruses, as reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) fragments have been found in all poultry fwpvs and these are implicated in virulence alteration. we aimed to determine the commonality of this phenomenon and analysed fwpvs collected from 128 poultry flocks and birds over the last 10 years. various fragments of both viruses were amplified and sequenced at the fwpv integration site, lo ... | 2008 | 18796713 |
| safety and immunogenicity of recombinant poxvirus hiv-1 vaccines in young adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy. | a trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant modified vaccinia ankara (mva) and fowlpox (fp) vectors expressing multiple hiv-1 proteins was conducted in twenty hiv-1 infected youth with suppressed viral replication on haart. the mva and fp-based multigene hiv-1 vaccines were safe and well tolerated. increased frequencies of hiv-1 specific cd4+ proliferative responses and cytokine secreting cells were detected following immunization. increased frequencies and breadth of hiv-1 ... | 2008 | 18940219 |
| mhc-restricted cytotoxic t-lymphocyte assay: an improved method based on normal and sv40-immortalized rabbit epidermal target cells. | although several techniques are available to evaluate cell-mediated immunity, numerous difficulties have prevented their use in rabbits. cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) assays have been used to determine the ex vivo cytolytic activity of cd8+ t-lymphocytes in immunization protocols. however, this assay cannot be performed with rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) targets because of their high spontaneous (51)cr release. to overcome this intrinsic difficulty shown by rabbit cells, syngene ... | 2009 | 18955084 |
| [construction of recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing ha from subtype h5 of avian influenza virus and chicken interleukin-18]. | we developed recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpv) coexpressing chicken il-18 and h5 aiv ha. | 2008 | 18956750 |
| dna binding and cleavage by the fowlpox virus resolvase. | the first steps of poxvirus dna synthesis yield concatemeric arrays of covalently linked genomes. the virus-encoded holliday junction resolvase is required to process concatemers into unit-length genomes for packaging. previous studies of the vaccinia virus resolvase have been problematic due to poor protein solubility. we found that fowlpox virus resolvase was much more tractable. fowlpox resolvase formed complexes with a variety of branched dna substrates, but not linear dna, and had the highe ... | 2009 | 19004818 |
| dasatinib inhibits recombinant viral antigen-specific murine cd4+ and cd8+ t-cell responses and nk-cell cytolytic activity in vitro and in vivo. | dasatinib (bms-354825) is a small molecule src/abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. members of the src family of kinases are involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory action of dasatinib on antigen-specific cd8(+) and cd4(+) t-cell function, as well as natural killer (nk) cell cytotoxicity. | 2009 | 19056158 |
| prime-boost vaccination with a fowlpox vector and an inactivated avian influenza vaccine is highly immunogenic in pekin ducks challenged with asian h5n1 hpai. | the efficacy of different vaccination schedules was evaluated in 17-day-old pekin ducks using an experimental inactivated whole virus vaccine based on the h5n9 a/chicken/italy/22a/98 isolate (h5n9-it) and/or a fowlpox recombinant (vfp-h5) expressing a synthetic ha gene from an asian h5n1 isolate (a/chicken/indonesia/7/2003). full protection against clinical signs and shedding was induced by the different vaccination schemes. however, the broadest antibody response and the lowest antibody increas ... | 2009 | 19056442 |
| transient dominant selection for the modification and generation of recombinant infectious bronchitis coronaviruses. | we have developed a reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in which a full-length cdna corresponding to the ibv genome is inserted into the vaccinia virus genome under the control of a t7 promoter sequence. vaccinia virus as a vector for the full-length ibv cdna has the advantage that modifications can be introduced into the ibv cdna using homologous recombination, a method frequently used to insert and delete sequences from the vaccinia virus genome. ... | 2008 | 19057872 |
| recombinant fowlpox virus vector-based vaccine completely protects chickens from h5n1 avian influenza virus. | with the widespread presence of influenza virus h5n1 in poultry and wildlife species, particularly migrating birds, vaccination has become an important control strategy for avian influenza (ai). in this study, the immune efficacy and hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody responses induced by a recombinant fowlpox virus (fpv) vector-based rfpv-ha-na vaccine was evaluated in spf and commercial chickens. four-week old spf chickens vaccinated with one dose of vaccine containing 2 x 10(3) plaque ... | 2009 | 19110002 |
| immunogenicity of recombinant modified vaccinia ankara following a single or multi-dose vaccine regimen in rhesus monkeys. | modified vaccinia ankara (mva) is a replication-defective strain of vaccinia virus (vv) that is being investigated in humans as an alternative vaccine against smallpox. understanding the parameters of a mva vaccine regimen that can effectively enhance protective immunity will be important for clinical development. the present studies utilize cohorts of rhesus monkeys immunized with recombinant mva (rmva) or recombinant vv (rvv) vaccine vectors to investigate the magnitude, breadth, and durabilit ... | 2009 | 19168105 |
| re-emerging fowlpox: evaluation of isolates from vaccinated flocks. | vaccines of fowlpox or pigeonpox virus origin have been routinely used for more than half a century to prevent fowlpox in commercial poultry in areas where the disease is endemic. however, in recent years, outbreaks of fowlpox have occurred in previously vaccinated flocks. one possible explanation for this problem is the emergence of variant strains of fowlpox virus (fpv). a second, not mutually exclusive, postulate is that the novel fpv exhibit enhanced virulence due to the integration of avian ... | 2000 | 19184837 |
| protection of chickens from infectious laryngotracheitis with a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing glycoprotein b of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is an economically important disease of chickens caused by a type i gallid herpesvirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv). the vaccines currently available are modified live viruses, which are effective in preventing disease outbreaks. however, they have often been associated with a variety of adverse effects including spread of vaccine virus to non-vaccinates, inadequate attenuation, production of latently infected carriers, and increased virulence as ... | 2001 | 19184888 |
| the antitumor and immunoadjuvant effects of ifn-alpha in combination with recombinant poxvirus vaccines. | ifn-alpha is a pleiotropic cytokine possessing immunomodulatory properties that may improve the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and compatibility of combining recombinant ifn-alpha with poxvirus vaccines targeting the human carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) in murine models of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, where cea is a self-antigen. | 2009 | 19276249 |
| construction and characterization of recombinant fowlpox viruses expressing human papilloma virus e6 and e7 oncoproteins. | human papilloma virus (hpv)-16 is the most prevalent high-risk mucosal genotype and the expression of the e6 and e7 proteins, which can bind to the p53 and p105rb host cell-cycle regulatory proteins, is related to its tumorigenicity. virus-like-particle (vlp)-based immunogens developed recently are successful as prophylactic hpv vaccines. however, given the high number of individuals infected already with hpv and the absence of expression of the l1 structural protein in hpv-infected or hpv-trans ... | 2009 | 19428588 |
| the fowlpox virus bcl-2 homologue, fpv039, interacts with activated bax and a discrete subset of bh3-only proteins to inhibit apoptosis. | apoptosis is a potent immune barrier against viral infection, and many viruses, including poxviruses, encode proteins to overcome this defense. interestingly, the avipoxviruses, which include fowlpox and canarypox virus, are the only poxviruses known to encode proteins with obvious bcl-2 sequence homology. we previously characterized the fowlpox virus protein fpv039 as a bcl-2-like antiapoptotic protein that inhibits apoptosis by interacting with and inactivating the proapoptotic cellular protei ... | 2009 | 19439472 |
| detection and quantitation of fowl adenovirus genome by a real-time pcr assay. | the purpose of the study was to develop a highly sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to detect and quantitate fowl adenovirus (fadv) dna in chicken tissues, using fadv-9 as a model. the assay had a dynamic range of 7 logs and minimum detection limit of 9.4 viral genome copies. it was shown to be highly specific, as tissues from uninfected chickens and other viral genomes, such as those of marek's disease virus, fowlpox virus and infectious laryngotracheitis virus did not pr ... | 2009 | 19442846 |
| squamous cell carcinoma with presence of poxvirus-like inclusions in the foot of a pink-backed pelican (pelecanus rufescens). | squamous cell carcinoma (scc) or avian keratoacanthoma is a neoplastic skin lesion of unknown aetiology that has been well described in birds. some studies have reported that poxviruses may contribute to the onset of scc. here we describe a case of scc on the underside of a pelican's foot. histologically, the tumour consisted of irregular cords of pleomorphic epithelial cells that invaded the adjacent tissues. additionally, keratinized epithelial cells and moderate numbers of keratin pearls were ... | 2009 | 19468940 |
| identification of ongoing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication in residual viremia during recombinant hiv-1 poxvirus immunizations in patients with clinically undetectable viral loads on durable suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy. | in most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected individuals who achieve viral loads of <50 copies/ml during highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), low levels of plasma virus remain detectable for years by ultrasensitive methods. the relative contributions of ongoing virus replication and virus production from hiv-1 reservoirs to persistent low-level viremia during haart remain controversial. hiv-1 vaccination of haart-treated individuals provides a model for examining low-lev ... | 2009 | 19605490 |
| [anti-tumor effects on human laryngeal carcinoma hep-2 of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing chicken anemia virus apoptin gene]. | to investigate the anti-tumor effects and the mechanism of the recombinant fowlpox virus expressing apoptin gene on human laryngeal carcinoma hep-2. | 2009 | 19621600 |
| serologic response against fowl poxvirus and reticuloendotheliosis virus after experimental and natural infections of chickens with fowl poxvirus. | two infection studies in chickens were done to investigate the humoral immune response against fowl poxvirus (fpv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) after intradermal infection with different passages of a field isolate and with the vaccine strain hp b. the field isolate in a low passage carried the near-full-length rev provirus and induced antibodies to rev, but not to fpv. the vaccine strain carried only remnants of the long terminal repeat and induced antibodies against fpv, but not again ... | 2009 | 19630225 |
| quantitative pcr as a tool to determine the reticuloendotheliosis virus-proviral load of fowl poxvirus. | sequences of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), an avian retrovirus, are integrated into the genome of fowl poxvirus (fpv). we developed and evaluated a quantitative multiplex real-time pcr (multiplex qpcr) assay to determine the rev-proviral load of fpv strains. amplification efficiencies were 98.7% for the amplification of the fpv dna and 88.7% for the amplification of rev-proviral dna. the ratio between fpv dna and rev-proviral dna was calculated from the pcr efficiencies and the threshol ... | 2009 | 19630226 |
| molecular biological characterization of avian poxvirus strains isolated from different avian species. | fifteen strains of avipoxvirus from different avian species were isolated and molecular biologically characterized. most strains did not produce evident pocks on the chorioallantoic membranes of commercial and specific-pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs where, on the contrary, microscopic signs of viral growth were always detected. polymerase chain reaction of highly conserved p4b gene was positive for all cases confirming to be a reliable diagnostic method for avipoxvirus. sequencing of the ... | 2010 | 19646826 |