| the celera discovery system. | the celera discovery system (cds) is a web-accessible research workbench for mining genomic and related biological information. users have access to the human and mouse genome sequences with annotation presented in summary form in biomolecule reports for genes, transcripts and proteins. over 40 additional databases are available, including sequence, mapping, mutation, genetic variation, mrna expression, protein structure, motif and classification data. data are accessible by browsing reports, th ... | 2002 | 11752274 |
| testing of corneoscleral discs and their culture media of seropositive donors for hepatitis b and c virus genomes. | the prevalence of donors seropositive for hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen (hbsag) or hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody (anti-hcv) in western countries is estimated to be 0.5%-1%. there have been only two cases, however, published so far, where hepatitis b was suspected to have been transmitted by penetrating keratoplasty [4]. concerning hcv, no suspected transmission by keratoplasty has been reported so far. this is also true for the time before serological screening for infectious diseas ... | 2001 | 11760041 |
| tuberculosis in kudus (tragelaphus strepsiceros) in the kruger national park. | five kudus (tragelaphus strepsiceros), three bulls and two cows, within the greater kruger national park complex, were diagnosed with generalized tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis. the lesions seen in these animals were similar to those previously reported in kudus and included severe tuberculous lymphadenitis of the nodes of the head and neck (that resulted in noticeable uni- or bilateral swelling beneath the ear), thorax, and the mesentery. all the animals also suffered from severe gr ... | 2001 | 11769355 |
| polymorphic expression in the cd8alpha chain surface receptor of african lions (panthera leo). | free-ranging african lion (panthera leo) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were examined using flow cytometry and antibodies developed for use in the domestic cat to determine if phenotypic changes occurred in lion lymphocytes as a result of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection. the percentage of cd8 cells from lion peripheral blood was considerably lower than in the domestic cat. lions with elevated levels of cd8+ cells were typically infected with fiv, similar to observations ... | 2002 | 11777533 |
| nonpathogenic lion and puma lentiviruses impart resistance to superinfection by virulent feline immunodeficiency virus. | lion lentivirus (llv) and puma lentivirus (plv) exist as highly divergent virus clades among populations of indigenously infected nondomestic felidae. the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is highly divergent from llv and plv and is pathogenic for domestic cats. when domestic cats are infected with llv or plv, they have immunologically and clinically silent persistent infections. we examined whether llv or plv infection might impart resistance to fiv superinfection in vitro by infecting domest ... | 2002 | 11782584 |
| understanding the basic reproductive biology of wild felids by monitoring of faecal steroids. | the ability to track gonadal activity is essential for understanding the fundamentals of reproduction. faecal steroid metabolite monitoring is a well established tool for evaluating reproductive processes in diverse mammalian species, including felids. domestic cats were used as a model and injection of radiolabelled oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and cortisol revealed that > 85% of metabolites were excreted in faeces with a time lag of 12-24 h. steroids were extracted by boiling faecal ... | 2001 | 11787193 |
| does the milk of callitrichid monkeys differ from that of larger anthropoids? | the generalization that anthropoid primates produce dilute milks that are low in protein and energy is based primarily on data from large monkeys of the families cebidae and cercopithecidae, as well as humans. the marmosets and tamarins (callitrichidae) are not only much smaller in body size, but also typically raise multiple offspring during a relatively brief lactation. we hypothesized that selection for small body size and high reproductive rate might favor secretion of milk of higher energy ... | 2002 | 11793418 |
| behavioural responses of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) to a changing habitat in a tropical rain forest fragment in the western ghats, india. | this study reports critical changes in the behaviour patterns of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) inhabiting a continuously changing and deteriorating rain forest fragment in the western ghats, india. the study area, a privately owned rain forest patch in a tea/coffee garden called puthuthotam, has suffered two massive selective logging episodes. over the years, the native rain forest trees have been largely replaced by non-native/pioneer species resulting in loss of canopy contiguity and s ... | 2001 | 11805424 |
| canine distemper infections, with special reference to south africa, with a review of the literature. | canine distemper virus is a member of the genus morbillivirus of the family paramyxoviridae that causes severe disease in dogs and a range of wild mammals. the clinical signs relate essentially to the respiratory, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. in south africa, infection with ehrlichia canis and canine parvovirus may present similarly many dogs will initially present with a wide range of central nervous system signs without any history of systemic disease. a recent south african s ... | 2001 | 11811699 |
| diagnosis and seroprevalence of leptospirosis in california sea lions from coastal california. | the sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic agglutination test (mat) as a method for detection of exposure to leptospira spp. in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) were determined. sera came from individuals that demonstrated clinical signs of renal disease, had lesions suggestive of leptospirosis at necropsy, and had visible leptospires in silver stained kidney sections as positive controls. sera from unexposed captive individuals were used as negative controls. the test was 1 ... | 2002 | 11838231 |
| viral and bacterial serology of free-ranging pacific walrus. | serum or heparinized plasma samples were obtained between 1994 and 1996 from 20 male and 20 female adult free-ranging pacific walrus (odobenus rosmarus divergens) from st. lawrence island and round island, alaska. samples were screened for antibodies to some potentially pathogenic bacteria and viruses. no sample had detectable antibody to brucella spp. three of 40 (8%) had low antibody titers to leptospira interrogans serovars. phocine distemper virus antibodies were not detected. serologic resp ... | 2002 | 11838234 |
| genomic microsatellites as evolutionary chronometers: a test in wild cats. | nuclear microsatellite loci (2- to 5-bp tandem repeats) would seem to be ideal markers for population genetic monitoring because of their abundant polymorphism, wide dispersal in vertebrate genomes, near selective neutrality, and ease of assessment; however, questions about their mode of generation, mutation rates and ascertainment bias have limited interpretation considerably. we have assessed the patterns of genomic diversity for ninety feline microsatellite loci among previously characterized ... | 2002 | 11875029 |
| protests fail to block mountain-lion surveys. | | 2002 | 11882857 |
| otarine herpesvirus-1: a novel gammaherpesvirus associated with urogenital carcinoma in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | the incidence of neoplasia in california sea lions (csls) is considered to be unusually high. electron microscopic examination of some of these urogenital tumours revealed the presence of virions with typical herpes-like structure. while current attempts to cultivate this virus have not been successful, molecular studies employing dna extracted from tumour tissues allowed both the classification of the agent and its identification in tumours and archived tissue samples. two genome fragments gene ... | 2002 | 11888696 |
| ecology. lion versus lamb. | | 2002 | 11951327 |
| one-step pcr to distinguish b virus from related primate alphaherpesviruses. | by adding betaine to the pcr mixture, we previously established a pcr method to amplify a dna segment of the glycoprotein g gene of b virus (bv) derived from a rhesus macaque. we have found that dna of other bv strains derived from cynomolgus, pigtail, and lion-tailed macaques can also serve as the template in our pcr assay. under the same conditions no product was obtained with dna of simian agent 8 of green monkeys and herpesvirus papio 2 of baboons, or the human herpes simplex viruses types 1 ... | 2002 | 11986284 |
| a forensic dental determination of serial killings by three african lions. | forensic dentistry's role in solving homicide cases is not limited to victim and other human identifications. this science also can apply to perpetrators, human as well as animal, and can clarify historical incidents that occurred many years ago. in two cases more than 90 years apart, three african lions were jointly responsible for the killing of 141 humans for food, replacing their normal animal prey. a thorough dental analysis identified pathologies that may have forced the cats to select slo ... | 2002 | 12029795 |
| endocarditis associated with escherichia coli in a sea lion (zalophus californianus). | endocarditis associated with escherichia coli was diagnosed in a 2-year-old male california sea lion (zalophus californianus). the diagnosis was based on light microscopic examination and bacterial isolation from the valvular lesion. this is the first case of bacterial endocarditis reported in a sea lion. | 2002 | 12033687 |
| georgia lions eye bank, inc. v. lavant. | the mother of a deceased infant whose corneal tissue had been removed for transplantation without her permission sued the hospital and eye bank involved. these institutions, acting in accordance with a georgia law that authorized the removal of corneal tissue for transplant if a decedent's kin did not object, had not notified the parents of their intentions, nor given them an opportunity to object. overturning a lower court finding that the law violated due process, the state supreme court hel ... | 1985 | 12041316 |
| [diphyllobothrium pacificum (nybelin,1931) margolis, 1956 in canis familiaris from chincha city, peru]. | in this communication is presented the finding of the tapeworm diphyllobothrium pacificum, parasite of sea lions, in canis familiaris (dog) in chincha city, peru. this is the first canine infection with d. pacificum in the south peruvian coast. | 2001 | 12058669 |
| meniscal ossicles in large non-domestic cats. | radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. the animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of ... | 2002 | 12088319 |
| distribution, population structure, and conservation of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) in the anaimalai hills, western ghats, india. | the lion-tailed macaque is an endangered species, and hence it is necessary that the remaining populations in the rainforests of the western ghats, india, be located and their habitats assessed for effective conservation. the anaimalai hills in the state of tamil nadu harbor 31 groups of lion-tailed macaques. however, the rainforest in these hills is highly fragmented. since lion-tailed macaques are typically arboreal, the groups have become isolated. two large rain-forest complexes in these hil ... | 2002 | 12111684 |
| sscp-based identification of members within the pseudoterranova decipiens complex (nematoda: ascaridoidea: anisakidae) using genetic markers in the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal dna. | the anisakid nematodes morphologically corresponding with pseudoterranova decipiens sensu lato (s.l.) (krabbe, 1878) from different seal or sea lion hosts and geographical origins, previously identified as pseudoterranova krabbei, p. decipiens (s.s.), p. bulbosa, p. azarasi and p. cattani by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, were characterized using a dna approach. also a population of p. decipiens (s.l.) from chaenocephalus aceratus, the blackfin icefish, from antarctica and another from osmer ... | 2002 | 12118717 |
| applied technique for increasing calicivirus detection in shellfish extracts. | optimal detection of enteric rna viruses in clinical, environmental, and food products using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) when inhibitory substances in extracted sample materials are present. | 2002 | 12147071 |
| evaluation of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet capsulotomies in eyes implanted with acrysof intraocular lenses. | as of december 31, 2000, the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (nd:yag) laser posterior capsulotomy rate for the alcon acrysof intraocular lens (iol) as measured in our database was 3.3%. this was the lowest of any iol model used in the united states. only 12 of 361 cases required treatment. we analyzed possible surgical reasons that may have been responsible for the posterior capsule opacification (pco) in this small group. special attention was given to the three surgical factors that we had p ... | 2002 | 12153790 |
| sexual selection, temperature, and the lion's mane. | the mane of the african lion (panthera leo) is a highly variable trait that reflects male condition and ambient temperature. we examined the consequences of this variation in a long-term study of lions in the serengeti national park, tanzania. mane darkness indicates nutrition and testosterone and influences both female choice and male-male competition. mane length signals fighting success and only appears to influence male-male assessment. dark-maned males enjoy longer reproductive life-spans a ... | 2002 | 12193785 |
| acoustic differences between spontaneous and induced long calls of golden lion tamarins, leontopithecus rosalia. | long calls are emitted by several primate taxa and appear to have multiple functions related to spacing mechanisms and reproduction. yet, in some species the spontaneous rate of emission of these calls is low, and playbacks are used to elicit long calls to augment the sample size of studies. the objective of this study was to compare the acoustic structure of spontaneously emitted and experimentally induced long calls of golden lion tamarins. results from 6 adult tamarins show that spontaneously ... | 2002 | 12207059 |
| induction of contraception in some african wild carnivores by downregulation of lh and fsh secretion using the gnrh analogue deslorelin. | the gnrh analogue deslorelin, in long-acting biocompatible implants, was used as a contraceptive in 31 cheetahs (13 females and 18 males), 21 african wild dogs (15 females and 6 males), 10 lionesses and four leopards (three females and one male). a dose of 12 or 15 mg deslorelin was administered to lions, whereas 6 mg deslorelin was administered to the other species. monitoring consisted of observations, measurement of plasma progesterone and testosterone concentrations, vaginal cytology and eva ... | 2002 | 12220163 |
| evidence of helicobacter sp. in dental plaque of captive dolphins (tursiops gephyreus). | gastrointestinal lesions have been extensively reported in wild and captive marine mammals. however, their etiology remains unclear. in humans and other animals, chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers have been associated with helicobacter sp. therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the presence of helicobacter sp. in the gastric juice, dental plaque, and saliva of marine mammals living in a controlled environment. five dolphins (tursiops gephyreus), one killer whale (orcinus orca), one ... | 2002 | 12238390 |
| calakmul model forest. reports from the field -- latin america. | the calakmul model forest, which is situated in the calakmul area of mexico's yucatan peninsula, is one of 18 model forests in five countries worldwide that are coordinated by the secretariat at idrc headquarters in ottawa. the program promotes the management of natural resources in a sustained manner by a partnership of environmentalists, industry, and local communities. the goals of the program include: 1) ensuring ongoing harvests of food, wood, and other products; 2) enhancing the standard ... | 1997 | 12290332 |
| where no consent = death. | men must be made to understand the value of family planning - particularly in societies where men hold the power of decision in the family. dr. kotha pannikar, chairman of the kedah family planning association (fpa) in malaysia, illustrated this point in discussion which followed the consultation of medical and communication fieldworkers conference in kuala lumpur in august, with a story about 1 of her own patients. when the girl, who had a rheumatic heart, was 16, dr. pannikar advised the par ... | 1977 | 12308740 |
| against all odds. | a family physician who practices in zaveri bazar in bombay, india, first detected hiv infection in his practice in 1991. zaveri bazar is a community of jewelers. he then talked to business leaders and social workers in zaveri bazar about hiv infection, but they were not interested. in 1993, he randomly tested 108 people and found eight hiv infections. he publicly announced his findings. workers and craftsmen feared discrimination should their hiv status become public. the media printed sev ... | 1995 | 12346832 |
| hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (panthera leo), jaguar (panthera onca), tiger (panthera tigris), cheetah (acinonyxjubatus) and domestic cat (felis silvestris f. catus). | structures of the hyoid apparatus, the pharynx and their topographical positions in the lion, tiger, jaguar, cheetah and domestic cat were described in order to determine morphological differences between species or subfamilies of the felidae. in the lion, tiger and jaguar (species of the subfamily pantherinae) the epihyoideum is an elastic ligament lying between the lateral pharyngeal muscles and the musculus (m.) thyroglossus rather than a bony element like in the cheetah or the domestic cat. ... | 2002 | 12363272 |
| hiv-associated lipodystrophy syndrome: lion-haart cohort: (lipodystrophy in patients on nucleoside-based haart). highly active antiretroviral therapy. | | 2002 | 12394807 |
| the impact of feedback semantics in visual word recognition: number-of-features effects in lexical decision and naming tasks. | the notion of feedback activation from semantics to both orthography and phonology has recently been used to explain a number of semantic effects in visual word recognition, including polysemy effects (hino & lupker, 1996; pexman & lupker, 1999) and synonym effects (pecher, 2001). in the present research, we tested an account based on feedback activation by investigating a new semantic variable: number of features (nof). words with high nof (e.g., lion) should activate richer semantic representa ... | 2002 | 12412895 |
| sea lions and equivalence: expanding classes by exclusion. | experiments have shown that human and nonhuman subjects are capable of performing new arbitrary stimulus-stimulus relations without error. when subjects that are experienced with matching-to-sample procedures are presented with a novel sample, a novel comparison, and a familiar comparison, most respond by correctly selecting the novel comparison in the presence of the new sample. this exclusion paradigm was expanded with two california sea lions that had previously formed two 10-member equivalen ... | 2002 | 12507014 |
| serum concentrations of lipids, vitamin d metabolites, retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected carotenoids in twelve captive wild felid species at four zoos. | serum concentrations of several nutrients were measured in 12 captive wild felid species including caracal (felis caracal), cheetah (acinonyx jubatus), cougar (felis concolor), fishing cat (felis viverrinus), leopard (panthera pardus), lion (panthera leo), ocelot (felis pardalis), pallas cat (felis manul), sand cat (felis margarita), serval (felis serval), snow leopard (panthera uncia) and tiger (panthera tigris). diet information was collected for these animals from each participating zoo (broo ... | 2003 | 12514284 |
| census and distribution of the golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia). | during 1990-1992, a survey of the golden lion tamarin, leontopithecus rosalia, was carried out throughout its known distribution area. forest remnants were identified by visual interpretation of landsat-tm satellite images. localities occupied by l. rosalia were first identified by interviews with local people. all forests more than 20 ha in size, and for which two or more interviews suggested the presence of the species, were surveyed using "play-back" recordings of lion tamarin long calls. the ... | 2003 | 12526037 |
| possible effects of pollock and herring on the growth and reproductive success of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus): insights from feeding experiments using an alternative animal model, rattus norvegicus. | the decline of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in the gulf of alaska appears to have been associated with a switch of diet from one dominated by fatty forage fishes (such as herring; clupea pallasi) to one dominated by low-fat fish (such as pollock; theragra chalcogramma). observations made during the decline include reduced body size of sea lions, low pregnancy rates, and high mortality. we used the general mammalian model, the laboratory rat (rattus norvegicus), to test whether changing ... | 2003 | 12568666 |
| comparison of seven blastomyces dermatitidis antigens for the detection of antibodies in humans with occupationally acquired blastomycosis. | yeast phase lysate antigens, prepared from seven isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis (dogs, t-58, m-98; human, le; soil, s; sea lion, sl; polar bear, pb; cat, c) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies in human sera. the sera were from individuals potentially exposed to b. dermatitidis while working on a prairie dog relocation project in colorado. all antigens exhibited greatest reactivity with three specimens in two separate assays. absorbance values rang ... | 2002 | 12572716 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of san miguel sea lion virus: an animal calicivirus. | the caliciviridae is a family of nonenveloped, icosahedral, positive-sense single-stranded rna viruses. this family of viruses consists of both animal and human pathogens. adapting human caliciviruses to cell culture has not been successful, whereas some animal caliciviruses, including san miguel sea lion virus, have been successfully propagated in vitro. here we report the crystallization of san miguel sea lion virus serotype 4 (smsv4) and the preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of the ... | 2003 | 12615540 |
| observations in 2001 on hookworms ( uncinaria spp.) in otariid pinnipeds. | uncinaria spp. were recovered from the milk of california sea lions ( zalophus californianus) collected from the: (1) teats of a cow just after parturition (one parasitic third-stage larva, l(3)), (2) stomach of her nursing pup (two l(3)), and (3) stomach of a dead pup about 2 days old (one l(3), one headless, probably l(3), and four l(4)) on san miguel island, california in may 2001. this, in addition to earlier research, indicates transmammary transmission of hookworms in this host. uncinaria ... | 2003 | 12658464 |
| whole blood leukocyte counts of domestic cats and african lions utilizing a disposable hemacytometer. | | 1996 | 12660966 |
| characterization and clinical manifestations of arcanobacterium phocae infections in marine mammals stranded along the central california coast. | between 1994 and 2000, 141 arcanobacterium phocae isolates were recovered from marine mammals that stranded along the central california coast (usa). arcanobacterium phocae was cultured from tissue sites with abnormal discharge or evidence of inflammation in 66 california sea lions (zalophus californianus), 50 pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardii), 19 northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), five southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis), and one common dolphin (delphinus d ... | 2003 | 12685077 |
| evidence of leptospira interrogans infection in california sea lion pups from the gulf of california. | forty-two urine and 96 blood and serum samples were obtained from california sea lion (zalophus californianus) pups from the gulf of california during the 2000 reproductive season. antibody prevalence to 13 serovars of leptospira interrogans was determined by microagglutination tests (mat); presence of pathogenic leptospires was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). samples with antibody titers > or = 1:25 or 115 bp fragments on ethidium bromidestained 1.5% agarose gels were considered po ... | 2003 | 12685078 |
| evolution of a pigmentation gene, the melanocortin-1 receptor, in primates. | the melanocortin-1 receptor (mc1r) forms a critical switch in the production of orange/red pheomelanin and black/brown eumelanin pigments during hair development in mammals. the molecular evolution of the melanocortin-1 receptor gene was investigated in a broad range of primate species, including several groups with large differences in distribution of orange/red and black hairs. primate mc1r has been subject to purifying selection throughout most of its evolution, with small changes in selectiv ... | 2003 | 12687585 |
| a molecular epidemiologic investigation of salmonella from a meat source to the feces of captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). | low cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) birth rates were observed for a long time in a captive breeding facility in which salmonella, which was possibly present in contaminated beef, was isolated from still-born lion (panthera leo) cubs. salmonella, including 14 isolates of salmonella serovar typhimurium and 19 isolates of salmonella serovar muenchen, was subsequently isolated 47 times from 378 meat samples at the facility during a 13-mo period. salmonella, including 26 isolates of s. serovar typhimurium ... | 2003 | 12723804 |
| irradiation of diets fed to captive exotic felids: microbial destruction, consumption, and fecal consistency. | two frozen, raw horse meat-based diets fed to captive exotic felids at brookfield zoo were irradiated to determine the extent of microbial destruction and whether radiation treatment would affect consumption and/or fecal consistency in exotic cats. fifteen cats, two african lions (panthera leo), two amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica), one amur leopard (panthera pardus orientalis), two clouded leopards (neofelis nebulosa), two caracals (felis caracal), one bobcat (felis rufus), and five fishin ... | 2001 | 12785680 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibodies in exotic wild felids from brazilian zoos. | serum samples from 37 captive exotic felids in 12 zoos from six brazilian states were assayed for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites. titers greater than or equal to 1:20 were considered positive. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 24 of 37 (64.9%) felids, including one european lynx (lynx lynx), two jungle cats (felis chaus), two servals (leptailurus serval), two tigers (panthera tigris), three leopards (panthera pardus), ... | 2001 | 12785684 |
| restoration of reproductive potential following expiration or removal of melengestrol acetate contraceptive implants in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | although reversible contraception is important to successful management of small populations, there are concerns about the reversibility of melengestrol acetate (mga), the most commonly used implant in captive animals. female golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia) placed in potential breeding situations after surgical mga implant removal showed a 75% return to reproduction within 2 yr, unlike golden-headed tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas), which have had a 29% return to reproduction ... | 2001 | 12785695 |
| impacts of the jessica oil spill on sea lion (zalophus wollebaeki) populations. | following the jessica oil spill, a total of 79 oiled galápagos sea lions (zalophus wollebaeki) were recorded around the islands of san cristóbal, santa fé, isabela and floreana. almost half of these animals required washing and other treatment. one sea lion death and a high incidence of conjunctivitis and burns were detected during the period of the oil spill. sea lion populations exhibited a tendency for decline in the first months following the spill at all three colonies monitored close to th ... | 2003 | 12810095 |
| immunohistochemical analysis of two strains of lion (panthera leo)-adapted canine distemper virus in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | canine distemper virus (cdv) caused epizootics in lions (panthera leo) in tanzania's serengeti national park in 1994 and in captive lions and other panthera spp. in the usa in 1991-1992. in this study, immunohistochemistry was used to compare viral distribution in tissues collected from ferrets (mustela putorius furo) inoculated with one of the two lion-derived cdv isolates, either from serengeti (a94-11/13) or from california (a92-27/20). the california isolate resulted in severe morbidity in a ... | 2003 | 12824519 |
| evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of feline lentivirus-reactive antibodies in wild felids, employing a puma lentivirus-derived synthetic peptide antigen. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a puma lentivirus-derived synthetic peptide as coating antigen was evaluated as a diagnostic test for infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) or related lentiviruses in free-ranging lions. the sensitivity and specificity of the elisa was determined using two approaches. in the first approach, the results were standardized according to certain statistical criteria, and in the second, the puma lentivirus western blot was used as the gol ... | 2003 | 12825674 |
| extensive subcutaneous soft tissue calcification in a neonate following hypothermia: case report. | a ten-hour old newborn found in the street where a dog was savaging him, was brought to black lion hospital in 1998. the history, physical findings and radiological features suggested widespread subcutaneous fat necrosis, which later became calcified. although this is a rare condition, medical workers need to be aware of the possibility of this self-limiting disease, which may occur in abandoned and hypothermic neonates. | 2000 | 12858910 |
| identification of haemobartonella felis (mycoplasma haemofelis) in captive nondomestic cats. | this study was undertaken to determine whether haemobartonella felis (mycoplasma haemofelis), the causative bacterial agent of feline infectious anemia, infects nondomestic cats. routine complete blood count and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were performed to detect the gene for 16s ribosomal rna for the organism. sixty-four blood samples were collected from 54 nondomestic cats, including tigers (panthera tigris), cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), lions (p. leo), mountain lions (felis concolor), sn ... | 2003 | 12885130 |
| cutaneous fibropapilloma in a mountain lion (felis concolor). | a 12-yr-old mountain lion (felis concolor) developed a 0.5-cm3 raised nonpigmented and nonulcerated mass between the lip and the nasal planum. the tumor was surgically removed and diagnosed histologically as a fibropapilloma. the tumor recurred 1 yr later, at which time it was again excised, and the diagnosis was reconfirmed by biopsy. frozen tissue from the second excision was submitted for polymerase chain reaction testing for papillomavirus. the 176-base pair polymerase chain reaction product ... | 2003 | 12885136 |
| lion man takes pride of place as oldest statue. | | 2003 | 12955108 |
| [morphological blood picture of a young lion (felis leo)]. | | 1957 | 13499590 |
| isolation of pasteurella septica from a lion-bite wound and lion's mouth. | | 1958 | 13576331 |
| b. pediatric lions and gynecological lambs. | | 1958 | 13588280 |
| [microsporosis observed in a group of lions in captivity; epizootic focus caused by microsporum lanosum]. | | 1958 | 13590046 |
| biology of filarioid nematode dipetalonema spirocauda (leidy, 1858) from the heart of captive harbor seals and sea lions, together with pathology of the hosts. | | 1961 | 13919910 |
| curriculum frontiers for the elementary gifted pupil ... flying monkeys and silent lions. | | 1961 | 13922005 |
| domestic cats infected with lion or puma lentivirus develop anti-feline immunodeficiency virus immune responses. | attenuated live viral strains have afforded significant protection against virus challenge in hiv vaccine models. although both cellular and humoral immunity are assumed to be vital for protection, specific parameters consistently associated with control of infection have been elusive. our previous studies have shown that lentiviruses from 2 nondomestic feline species--lion (pathera leo) and puma (felis concolor)--persistently but nonpathogenetically infect domestic cats (felis domestica). moreo ... | 2003 | 14501789 |
| adaptations to diving hypoxia in the heart, kidneys and splanchnic organs of harbor seals (phoca vitulina). | pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) have an elevated mitochondrial volume density [vv(mt)] and elevated citrate synthase (cs) and beta-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase (hoad) activities in their swimming muscles to maintain an aerobic, fat-based metabolism during diving. the goal of this study was to determine whether the heart, kidneys and splanchnic organs have an elevated vv(mt) and cs and hoad activities as parallel adaptations for sustaining aerobic metabolism and normal function during hypoxia in ... | 2003 | 14555753 |
| helminths of the ocelot from southern texas. | in the usa, the ocelot (leopardus pardalis) is a highly endangered felid found only in a few remaining vestiges of native thornshrub brushland in the lower rio grande valley (lrgv) of extreme southern texas. from 1987-1998, carcasses of 15 adult ocelots that died of vehicular accidents or natural causes were examined for helminths. all cats had 1-8 (mean = 3) helminth species. all were infected with 1-101 (mean +/- se = 32 +/- 7) toxascaris leonina. other helminths from these ocelots were alaria ... | 2003 | 14567231 |
| toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, sarcocystis neurona, and sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals. | toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, sarcocystis neurona, and s. canis are related protozoans that can cause mortality in many species of domestic and wild animals. recently, t. gondii and s. neurona were recognized to cause encephalitis in marine mammals. as yet, there is no report of natural exposure of n. caninum in marine mammals. in the present study, antibodies to t. gondii and n. caninum were assayed in sera of several species of marine mammals. for t. gondii, sera were diluted 1:25, 1:50 ... | 2003 | 14580799 |
| blastomycosis in nondomestic felids. | blastomycosis was diagnosed in six nondomestic felids from eastern tennessee, including two asian lions (panthera leo persicus), one african lion (panthera leo), one siberian tiger (panthera tigris), one cheetah (acinonyx jubatus), and one snow leopard (panthera uncia). clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, sneezing. ataxia, and paresis. variable nonspecific changes included leukocytosis, monocytosis, moderate left shift of neutrophils, moderate hypercalcemia, hyperpr ... | 2003 | 14582783 |
| different underlying mechanisms for deficits in concept formation in dementia. | we investigated the different mechanisms that may underlie deficits in verbal concept formation among patients with alzheimer's disease (ad) and ischaemic vascular dementia (ivd) associated with periventricular and deep white matter alterations. concept formation was assessed with the wais-r similarities subtest (sim). two types of errors were re-coded from the 0-point responses as scored by the wais-r manual. in set errors (e.g., dog-lion "they're alive") were coded when patients reported a ver ... | 2001 | 14590153 |
| evaluation of t lymphocytes in captive african lions (panthera leo) infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | to determine whether fiv infection in captive african lions is associated with changes in immune cell variables similar to those detected in domestic cats infected with fiv. | 2003 | 14596469 |
| the development of an operant conditioning training program for new world primates at the bronx zoo. | this article describes the development of an operant conditioning training program for 17 species of new world primates at the bronx zoo. to apply less invasive techniques to husbandry protocols, the study introduced behaviors-hand feeding, syringe feeding, targeting, scale and crate training, and transponder reading-for formal training to 86 callitrichids and small-bodied cebids housed in 26 social groups. individual responses to training varied greatly, but general patterns were noted among sp ... | 2003 | 14612272 |
| number-of-features effects and semantic processing. | participants list many semantic features for some concrete nouns (e.g., lion) and fewer for others (e.g., lime; mcrae, de sa, & seidenberg, 1997). pexman, lupker, and hino (2002) reported faster lexical decision and naming responses for high number of features (nof) words than for low-nof words. in the present research, we investigated the impact of nof on semantic processing. we observed nof effects in a self-paced reading task when prior context was not congruent with the target word (experime ... | 2003 | 14651293 |
| antibodies to neospora caninum in wild animals from kenya, east africa. | the prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum was examined in six wild artiodactyla species, and in five wild carnivora species from kenya. blood sera (104 wild ungulates from marula estates (mes), and 31 wild carnivores from masai-mara reserve and from other wildlife areas in northern and southern kenya), were screened using a neospora agglutination test (nat), with a twofold dilution (1:40-1:320 titres). presence of nat antibodies to n. caninun is reported here for the first time in zebra ( ... | 2003 | 14651874 |
| establishment of proliferative cell nuclear antigen gene as an internal reference gene for polymerase chain reaction of a wide range of archival and fresh mammalian tissues. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from paraffin-embedded tissues provides a powerful tool to amplify dna from a variety of recent and archival material. because dna from paraffin-embedded samples is more degraded than from fresh material, the amplification of reference genes is essential to exclude false-negative results. this study describes the use of the proliferative cell nuclear antigen (pcna) gene as a reference gene in a range of animal species and in humans. the pcna-pcr to amplify a fragm ... | 2003 | 14667025 |
| in silico study of breast cancer associated gene 3 using lion target engine and other tools. | sequence analysis of individual targets is an important step in annotation and validation. as a test case, we investigated human breast cancer associated gene 3 (bca3) with lion target engine and with other bioinformatics tools. lion target engine confirmed that the bca3 gene is located on 11p15.4 and that the two most likely splice variants (lacking exon 3 and exons 3 and 5, respectively) exist. based on our manual curation of sequence data, it is proposed that an additional variant (missing on ... | 2003 | 14682057 |
| control of pulmonary surfactant secretion in adult california sea lions. | marine mammals have a spectacular suite of respiratory adaptations to deal with the extreme pressures associated with deep diving. in particular, maintaining a functional pulmonary surfactant system at depth is critical for marine mammals to ensure that inspiration is possible upon re-emergence. pulmonary surfactant is secreted from alveolar type ii (atii) cells and is crucial for normal lung function. it is not known whether atii cells have the ability to continue to secrete pulmonary surfactan ... | 2004 | 14697251 |
| helicobacter acinonychis: genetic and rodent infection studies of a helicobacter pylori-like gastric pathogen of cheetahs and other big cats. | insights into bacterium-host interactions and genome evolution can emerge from comparisons among related species. here we studied helicobacter acinonychis (formerly h. acinonyx), a species closely related to the human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori. two groups of strains were identified by randomly amplified polymorphic dna fingerprinting and gene sequencing: one group from six cheetahs in a u.s. zoo and two lions in a european circus, and the other group from a tiger and a lion-tiger hybr ... | 2004 | 14702304 |
| [morphology and structure of the nictitating membrane cartilage in mammals]. | in 30 species of mammals of varying body size (from rat to elephant), the form, dimensions and structure of the cartilage of the third eyelid were studied. the cartilage is a thin lamina concave in its corneal side, usually elongated in the oro-aboral direction. in the most species studied the outline of the cartilage may be inscribed in a triangle with a oral base, a dorsal margin, a ventral margin and an aboral apex. a study of stained sections revealed, in more than half of species, the prese ... | 2003 | 14717063 |
| archaeology: a lion found in the egyptian tomb of maïa. | lions are mentioned by classical scholars and in pharaonic inscriptions as being among the sacred animals that were bred and buried in the nile valley. and yet no specimens have been found in egypt - until the excavation of the bubasteion necropolis at saqqara. here we describe a complete skeleton, once a mummy, of a male lion (panthera leo) that was discovered there, buried among the cats' catacombs created during the last centuries bc and occupying the much older tomb of maïa, wet-nurse to the ... | 2004 | 14724625 |
| isolation and characterization of novel helicobacter spp. from the gastric mucosa of harp seals phoca groenlandica. | since the recent discovery of helicobacter cetorum in cetaceans and its role in the development of gastritis, speculation has existed as to whether pinnipeds have helicobacter spp. associated gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. the gastric mucosa of 4 stranded harp seals phoca groenlandica from the massachusetts coastline were assessed for helicobacter spp. by culture and pcr. we cultured 2 novel helicobacter spp. from the pyloric antrum of 1 of the 4 harp seals studied, and identified these by ... | 2003 | 14735915 |
| changes in locomotor and foraging skills in captive-born, reintroduced golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia rosalia). | the behavior of reintroduced, captive-born animals is understudied, limiting the scientific understanding and utility of reintroduction as a conservation tool. this work describes changes in locomotor and foraging behaviors in captive-born golden lion tamarins over the first 18 months after their release into the wild. the subjects included 73 individuals living in and around the poco das antas biological reserve in brazil between 1984 and 1996. the differences between animals that survived 6 mo ... | 2004 | 14752809 |
| chromosome evolution in bears: reconstructing phylogenetic relationships by cross-species chromosome painting. | genome-wide homology maps among dog (canis familiaris, cfa, 2n = 78), african lion (panthera leo, ple, 2n = 38), clouded leopard (neofelis nebulosa, nne, 2n = 38) and malayan sun bear (helartos malayanus, hma, 2n = 74) have been established by chromosome painting using a complete set of dog probes. in total, chromosome-specific painting probes from the 38 dog autosomes reveal 69, 69 and 73 conserved segments in african lion, clouded leopard and malayan sun bear, respectively. the chromosomal pai ... | 2004 | 14984102 |
| disseminated lethal encephalitozoon cuniculi (genotype iii) infections in cotton-top tamarins (oedipomidas oedipus)--a case report. | for the first time, encephalitozoon (e.) cuniculi genotype iii ('dog strain') was verified in two cotton-top tamarins (oedipomidas oedipus) by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, pcr and sequencing. the animals had a disseminated lethal infection with this protist. in earlier reports, genotype iii had been found only in domestic dogs, man, emperor tamarins (saguinus imperator) and golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). this investigation establishes now that the ... | 2004 | 14984833 |
| recent evidence of animal exploitation in the axumite epoch, 1st-5th centuries ad. | this study reports evidence of animal exploitation during the axumite era based on a survey of architectural features, rock art and artefacts recovered from the archaeological site at axum, northern ethiopia. animals and agricultural tools were identified from materials not previously examined. pottery, rock art and animal remains revealed a range of zoological species. agricultural implements and sacrificial vessels also provided indirect evidence of animal exploitation. it is concluded that, i ... | 2004 | 14998309 |
| patterns of feline immunodeficiency virus multiple infection and genome divergence in a free-ranging population of african lions. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that causes aids-like immunodeficiency disease in domestic cats. free-ranging lions, panthera leo, carry a chronic species-specific strain of fiv, fiv-ple, which so far has not been convincingly connected with immune pathology or mortality. fiv-ple, harboring the three distinct strains a, b, and c defined by pol gene sequence divergences, is endemic in the large outbred population of lions in the serengeti ecosystem in tanzania. here we describ ... | 2004 | 15016897 |
| transmission ecology of echinococcus in wild-life in australia and africa. | following the introduction of e. granulosus into australia with domestic animals during european settlement, the parasite quickly became established in the e. granulosus-naive native animals of the continent. the distribution of e. granulosus in wildlife in australia is restricted by rainfall, but nevertheless the parasite is currently widespread and highly prevalent in many areas including numerous national parks and privately owned farms. the human population of africa is rapidly increasing re ... | 2003 | 15027605 |
| coprological helminth screening in brazilian free ranging golden lion tamarins, leontopithecus rosalia (l., 1766) (primates, callithrichidae). | | 2004 | 15029386 |
| a novel microsatellite (str) marker for forensic identification of big cats in india. | india is the home to five of the eight majestic big cats of the world. the three major big cats namely, lion, tiger, and leopard are listed in the schedule i of the indian wildlife protection act, 1972. apart from the severe loss of the habitat, these are continuously facing the danger of extinction mainly due to poaching and hunting for their body parts, which are being greatly valued by apothecaries marketing traditional chinese medicines. with the advent of polymerase chain reaction (pcr), dn ... | 2004 | 15062954 |
| canine distemper virus in a californian sea lion (zalophus californianus). | | 2004 | 15068043 |
| prevalence of bartonella infection in wild african lions (panthera leo) and cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | bartonella species are emerging pathogens that have been isolated worldwide from humans and other mammals. our objective was to estimate the prevalence of bartonella infection in free-ranging african lions (panthera leo) and cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). blood and/or serum samples were collected from a convenience sample of 113 lions and 74 cheetahs captured in africa between 1982 and 2002. whole blood samples available from 58 of the lions and 17 of the cheetahs were cultured for evidence of bar ... | 2004 | 15135511 |
| localization of aerial broadband noise by pinnipeds. | although many pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) emit broadband calls on land as part of their communication system, few studies have addressed these animals' ability to localize aerial broadband sounds. in this study, the aerial sound localization acuities of a female northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris), a male harbor seal (phoca vitulina), and a female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) were measured in the horizontal plane. the stimulus was broadband white noise ... | 2004 | 15139647 |
| stereology of the liver in three species of leontopithecus (lesson, 1840) callitrichidae--primates. | studies on liver morphology and stereology are relevant to the comparative anatomical and pathological research. they also facilitate the use of non-human primates in basic research, which has substantially supported studies in human medicine. quantitative studies of liver structures have also been more extensive in old world primates and other vertebrates. twenty-three livers of adult lion tamarins were studied (six leontopithecus rosalia, seven leontopithecus chrysomelas, and 10 leontopithecus ... | 2004 | 15144289 |
| inter- and intragenus structural variations in caliciviruses and their functional implications. | the family caliciviridae is divided into four genera and consists of single-stranded rna viruses with hosts ranging from humans to a wide variety of animals. human caliciviruses are the major cause of outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, whereas animal caliciviruses cause various host-dependent illnesses with a documented potential for zoonoses. to investigate inter- and intragenus structural variations and to provide a better understanding of the structural basis of host specificity ... | 2004 | 15163740 |
| entanglement of australian sea lions and new zealand fur seals in lost fishing gear and other marine debris before and after government and industry attempts to reduce the problem. | in recent years, australian governments and fishing industry associations have developed guiding principles aimed at reducing the impact of fishing on non-target species and the benthos and increasing community awareness of their efforts. to determine whether they reduced seal entanglement in lost fishing gear and other marine debris, we analysed australian sea lion and new zealand fur seal entanglement data collected from kangaroo island, south australia. contrary to our expectations, we found ... | 2004 | 15234872 |
| conservation of wild animals by assisted reproduction and molecular marker technology. | wild animals are an integral component of the ecosystem. their decimation due to abrupt natural calamities or due to gradual human intervention would be disastrous to the ecosystem and would alter the balance in nature between various biotic components. such an imbalance could have an adverse effect on the ecosystem. therefore, there is an urgent need to put an end to the ever increasing list of endangered species by undertaking both in situ and ex situ conservation using tools of modern biology ... | 2003 | 15255374 |
| fecal shedding of helicobacter spp. by co-housed australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) and australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). | with the emergence of helicobacter species as agents of gastrointestinal disease within a broad range of animal hosts, there is growing awareness of the need to identify such species and the potential role(s) they play within the intestine. of interest in this study are captive seals and sea lions, where close proximity to one another may enhance the transmission of pathogens, in particular helicobacter. the feces of several captive australian sea lions and australian fur seals were assessed for ... | 2004 | 15261996 |
| temporal changes in the prevalence of parasites in two oregon estuary-dwelling fishes. | the parasite faunas of juvenile english sole (parophrys vetulus) in 1971-1972 and staghorn sculpin (leptocottus armatus) in 1971 from yaquina bay, oregon, were compared with faunas found in the same estuary in 1997-2000 (english sole) and 1999-2000 (staghorn sculpin). the 7 most commonly occurring parasites in 1971 were compared with the same species observed during the same month and sampling sites in 1997-2000. multivariate community analysis of juvenile english sole parasites supported the su ... | 2004 | 15270100 |
| tularaemia in a captive golden-headed lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysomelas) in switzerland. | | 2004 | 15285287 |
| species of the family helicobacteraceae detected in an australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) with chronic gastritis. | we describe the first case of gastritis in a male australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) in which members of the family helicobacteraceae, particularly the genus wolinella, were detected. the sea lion exhibited clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease, including abdominal pain, lack of appetite, and lethargy. examination of one ileal and five gastric biopsy specimens collected over a 10-year period revealed persistent fibrosis and/or superficial focal erosion and ulceration of the lamina propr ... | 2004 | 15297490 |
| vaccine-induced protection against anthrax in cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) and black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | institution of a policy of vaccination in endangered species with a vaccine not previously administered to it cannot be undertaken lightly. this applies even more in the case of cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) with their unusually monomorphic gene pool and the potential restrictions this places on their immune responses. however, the recently observed mortalities from anthrax in these animals in the etosha national park, namibia, made it imperative to evaluate vaccination. black rhinoceros (diceros b ... | 2004 | 15308358 |