| [seasonal variations in the nyctohemeral rhythm of plasma testosterone in the european badger meles meles l]. | in the badger a seasonal sexual rhythm of the plasma testosterone is observed. there is also a nycthemeral rhythm of the testosterone secretion; during the regressed period of the testis this rhythm is bimodal with testosterone peaks during the light phase of the day; during the active period and "activity rhythm" with many transitorys peaks during the dark phase is added. | 1980 | 6775840 |
| a spontaneously seasonal hypercholesterolemic animal: plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the european badger (meles meles l.). | the european badger has previously been shown to exhibit yearly cycles of locomotor activity, endocrine secretions, and body weight, as well as seasonal variations in plasma cholesterol. over a period of 2 years, we have followed the plasma levels of free and esterified cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids, and of plasma lipoproteins (by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, agarose column chromatography and preparative and analytical ultracentrifugation). some preliminary observa ... | 1980 | 7419984 |
| plasma estrogen levels during delayed implantation in the european badger (meles meles l.). | | 1980 | 7419041 |
| [epidemiology and control of wildlife rabies-analysis of potential causes for the vigorous reduction of the badger (meles meles) population in hesse 1952 till 1977 (frg) (author's transl)]. | | 1980 | 7006978 |
| seasonal variations of thyroid activity in the adult male badger, (meles meles l.). | | 1979 | 488675 |
| delayed implantation is under environmental control in the badger (meles meles l.) | | 1979 | 440410 |
| a report of hepatic angioma in the badger (meles meles). | | 1978 | 751829 |
| plasma progesterone levels during delayed implantation in the european badger (meles meles). | there was a biphasic pattern of progesterone secretion during the year. delayed implantation was characterized by low concentrations from february to june, a significant (p less than 0.001) increase during july, august and september, and a return to low levels in october-november. a second significant increase (p less than 0.001) was observed in december and early january just before the presumed time of implantation. | 1978 | 621697 |
| [annual cycle of plasma testosterone and thyroxine in the european badger (meles meles l.)]. | in the male european badger there are important variations in the plasma testosterone and thyroxine levels during the annual cycle. during the summer, plasma testosterone concentrations are low while plasma thyroxine rises to a very high level. in winter, when the thyroid activity is minimal, testicular activity increases. from february to may, the plasma testosterone remains at a high level, and then, after a sudden fall, a second peak occurs in june at which time the concentration of thyroxine ... | 1977 | 406085 |
| [morphogenesis and hormonogenesis in vitro of granulosa cells of the european badger meles meles l]. | granulosa cells harvested from follicles of badger during inactive luteal phaseluteinize in vitro. the results demonstrate that the serum's origin influence progesteron production of badger's granulosa cells in culture. lh appears equally to be stimulating. | 1977 | 404074 |
| the immobilization of the badger (meles meles). | | 2003 | 990891 |
| [demonstration of a seasonal thyroid cycle in the male badger (meles meles l) using iodine 131 fixation]. | a seasonal cycle of thyroid activity has been determined in male adult badger by the thyroid 131i uptake. this cycle is characterized by maximal activity in autumn and minimal activity in winter and at the beginning of summer. there is no difference between animals recently caught and those living in captivity. | 1975 | 816499 |
| [endocrine activity of testis in european badger (meles meles l.)]. | | 1975 | 1211954 |
| dental caries in the european badger (meles meles l). | | 1974 | 4446310 |
| some observations on the sexual activities of badgers (meles meles) in yorkshire in the months december to april. | | 1974 | 4468892 |
| [sexual cycle of the male badger (meles meles l.)]. | | 1972 | 4667908 |
| [dynamics of blastocyst migration in the european badger (meles meles l.)]. | | 1971 | 5003753 |
| [early experimental ovo-implantation in the european badger (meles meles l.) during the blastocyst latency period]. | | 1971 | 5003026 |
| [electrophysiologic study of the uterine musculature of the european badger (meles meles l.)]. | | 1969 | 4983266 |
| [weight changes of the testis of the european badger (meles meles l.) during the annual genital cycle]. | | 1967 | 4229394 |
| [results of hemicastration in the male european badger (meles meles l.)]. | | 1967 | 4963849 |
| [experimental test of luteal reactivation in the european badger (meles meles l.)]. | | 1967 | 4962223 |
| [some ultrastructural aspects of the luteal cell in the badger (meles meles l.)]. | | 1967 | 4963472 |
| [experimental change of the circadian rhythm in the european badger, meles meles l]. | | 1967 | 4963829 |
| [luteal function in the european badger, meles meles l]. | | 1967 | 5615168 |
| [action of genital steroids on nuclear inclusions of the luteal cells of the european badger (meles meles l)]. | | 1967 | 4234299 |
| [experimental ovulation during progestation in the european badger meles meles l]. | | 1964 | 14190513 |
| [experimental study of blastocyte distribution in the badger meles meles l]. | | 1964 | 14250556 |
| [histophysiology of the progestational and gestational bodies in the european badger (meles meles l.)]. | | 2016 | 13871073 |
| [has the pregnant uterus a luteotropic function in the european badger, meles meles l.?]. | | 1962 | 14018296 |
| [placental cicatrices in the european badger, meles meles l]. | | 1962 | 13968852 |
| [action of gonadotropic hormones on the ovary of the european badger (meles meles l.) during the free life phase of the ovum]. | | 1962 | 13876206 |
| [measurement of daily activity in european badger meles meles l]. | | 1960 | 13807436 |
| [pituitary changes in the female badger (meles meles l.) during the course of the annual cycle]. | | 1960 | 13848423 |
| [experimental study of the appearance of the postpartum corpus luteum in the european badger, meles meles l]. | | 1959 | 13802583 |
| [investigation of corpus luteum of pregnancy in the european badger, meles meles l]. | | 1959 | 13663359 |
| [action of various hormonal states on the free-living phase of fertilized eggs in the european badger (meles meles l.)]. | | 1958 | 13597165 |
| [presence of free intra-uterine blastula during lactation in european badger (meles meles)]. | | 1956 | 13383933 |
| ovulation during delayed implantation and other reproductive phenomena in the badger (meles meles l.). | | 1956 | 13322009 |
| pathogenesis ofmycobacterium bovisinfection: the badger model as a paradigm for understanding tuberculosis in animals. | tuberculosis in animals is caused principally by infection withmycobacterium bovisand the potential for transmission of infection to humans is often the fundamental driver for surveillance of disease in livestock and wild animals. however, with such a vast array of species susceptible to infection, it is often extremely difficult to gain a detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of infection--a key component of the epidemiology in all affected species. this is important because the developmen ... | 2017 | 29379792 |
| environmental dust inhalation in the european badger (meles meles): systemic distribution of silica-laden macrophages, pathological changes, and association with mycobacterium bovis infection status. | chronic inhalation of crystalline silica and silicates may lead to severe lung disease in humans, termed silicosis. the disease is an occupational health concern in miners and related professions worldwide. silicosis is also a strong risk factor for tuberculosis in humans. due to its subterranean lifestyle, the european badger (meles meles) is continuously exposed to environmental dust, while this species is also susceptible to tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium bovis. to date, a thorough inv ... | 2018 | 29342164 |
| genital tract screening finds widespread infection with mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 in the european badger ( meles meles). | : sexually transmitted diseases (stds) can be important drivers of population dynamics because of their negative effects on reproduction. however, screening for stds, especially in wildlife populations, is widely neglected. using the promiscuous, polygynandrous european badger ( meles meles) as a model, we investigated the presence and prevalence of herpesviruses (hvs) in a wild, high-density population and assessed potential differences in somatic fitness and female reproductive condition betw ... | 2018 | 29077546 |
| wild mammals as potential silent reservoirs of leishmania infantum in a mediterranean area. | a molecular survey of wild mammals was performed to assess their potential as reservoirs of l. infantum. a total of 156 specimens of wild mammalian fauna were obtained for analysis from areas in catalonia with a reported incidence of canine leishmaniasis. they consisted of 124 small mammals: 35 mus spretus (muridae); 64 erinaceus europaeus (erinaceidae), 25 sciurus vulgaris (sciuridae) and 32 carnivores: 11 vulpes vulpes (canidae), 1 felis catus (felidae), 15 meles meles, 4 martes foina and 1 mu ... | 2020 | 31901603 |
| investigating the role of the eurasian badger (meles meles) in the nationwide distribution of the western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) in england. | biodiversity is declining globally, which calls for effective conservation measures. it is, therefore, important to investigate the drivers behind species presence at large spatial scales. the western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) is one of the species facing declines in parts of its range. yet, drivers of western european hedgehog distribution at large spatial scales remain largely unknown. at local scales, the eurasian badger (meles meles), an intraguild predator of the western europ ... | 2019 | 31581679 |
| maximizing habitat connectivity in the mitigation hierarchy. a case study on three terrestrial mammals in an urban environment. | environmental policies and the objective of no net loss highlight the importance of preserving ecological networks to limit the fragmentation of natural habitats and biodiversity loss, especially due to urbanization. in the environmental impact assessment context, habitat connectivity and the spatio-temporal dynamics of biodiversity are crucial to obtaining reliable predictions that can support decision-making. we propose a methodological framework 1) to quantify the overall impact of a developm ... | 2019 | 31103679 |
| reduced occupancy of hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) in rural england and wales: the influence of habitat and an asymmetric intra-guild predator. | agricultural landscapes have become increasingly intensively managed resulting in population declines across a broad range of taxa, including insectivores such as the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). hedgehog declines have also been attributed to an increase in the abundance of badgers (meles meles), an intra-guild predator. the status of hedgehogs across the rural landscape at large spatial scales is, however, unknown. in this study, we used footprint tracking tunnels to conduct the first nation ... | 2018 | 30190482 |
| genetic evidence further elucidates the history and extent of badger introductions from great britain into ireland. | the colonization of ireland by mammals has been the subject of extensive study using genetic methods and forms a central problem in understanding the phylogeography of european mammals after the last glacial maximum. ireland exhibits a depauperate mammal fauna relative to great britain and continental europe, and a range of natural and anthropogenic processes have given rise to its modern fauna. previous europe-wide surveys of the european badger (meles meles) have found conflicting microsatelli ... | 2020 | 32431911 |
| predicting badger visits to farm yards and making predictions available to farmers. | the use of agricultural resources or environments by wildlife may result in opportunities for transmission of infections amongst wild animals, livestock and humans. targeted use of biosecurity measures may therefore reduce disease risks, although this requires practical knowledge of where such measures would be most effective, and effective means of communicating risks so that stakeholders can make informed decisions about such investment. in parts of europe, the european badger meles meles may ... | 2019 | 31125349 |
| diversity of anaplasma and ehrlichia/neoehrlichia agents in terrestrial wild carnivores worldwide: implications for human and domestic animal health and wildlife conservation. | recently, the incidence and awareness of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals have increased due to several factors, which in association favor the chances of contact among wild animals and their ectoparasites, domestic animals and humans. wild and domestic carnivores are considered the primary source of tick-borne zoonotic agents to humans. among emergent tick-borne pathogens, agents belonging to family anaplasmataceae (order rickettsiales) agents stand out due their worldwide distribution ... | 2018 | 30533417 |
| bait uptake by wild badgers and its implications for oral vaccination against tuberculosis. | the deployment of baits containing vaccines or toxins has been used successfully in the management of wildlife populations, including for disease control. optimisation of deployment strategies seeks to maximise uptake by the targeted population whilst ensuring cost-effectiveness. tuberculosis (tb) caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis affects a broad range of mammalian hosts across the globe, including cattle, wildlife and humans. the control of tb in cattle in the uk and republic of irel ... | 2018 | 30412584 |
| detection of toxoplasma gondii in a eurasian badger (meles meles) living in wildlife areas of izmir, turkey. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular protozoon parasite that causes toxoplasmosis in humans and all warm-blooded animals. in this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of t. gondii dna in a eurasian badger (meles meles) that was found dead in the wildlife area of izmir. according to the results of real time polymerase chain reaction, t. gondii rep gene was found to be positive in the eurasian badger brain homogenate. in conclusion, eurasian badger, a known carnivore, can be a p ... | 2018 | 30280697 |
| a citizen science based survey method for estimating the density of urban carnivores. | globally there are many examples of synanthropic carnivores exploiting growth in urbanisation. as carnivores can come into conflict with humans and are potential vectors of zoonotic disease, assessing densities in suburban areas and identifying factors that influence them are necessary to aid management and mitigation. however, fragmented, privately owned land restricts the use of conventional carnivore surveying techniques in these areas, requiring development of novel methods. we present a met ... | 2018 | 29787598 |
| unveiling patterns of viral pathogen infection in free-ranging carnivores of northern portugal using a complementary methodological approach. | pathogen surveillance in free-ranging carnivores presents challenges due to their low densitie and secretive nature. we combined molecular and serological assays to investigate infections by viral pathogens (canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine coronavirus (ccov)) in portuguese carnivores (canis lupus, vulpes vulpes, lutra lutra, martes foina, m. martes, meles meles, and genetta genetta) over a period of 16 years. additionally we explored spatio-temporal patterns of v ... | 2020 | 32062189 |
| molecular survey on vector-borne pathogens in alpine wild carnivorans. | in europe, free-ranging wildlife has been linked to the emergence of several vector-borne diseases such as rodents for borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in particular, wild carnivorans are one of the most important sources of emerging zoonotic pathogens worldwide, although little information is available regarding the epidemiology of vector-borne parasites in these animals. thus, the aim of this paper was to investigate the prevalence of babesia spp., anaplasma spp., ehrlichia spp., hepatozoon spp. and ... | 2020 | 32039255 |
| genetic characterization of carnivore parvoviruses in spanish wildlife reveals domestic dog and cat-related sequences. | the impact of carnivore parvovirus infection on wild populations is not yet understood; disease signs are mainly developed in pups and assessing the health of litters in wild carnivores has big limitations. this study aims to shed light on the virus dynamics among wild carnivores thanks to the analysis of 213 samples collected between 1994 and 2013 in wild ecosystems from spain. we determined the presence of carnivore parvovirus dna by real-time pcr and sequenced the vp2 gen from 22 positive sam ... | 2020 | 31581349 |
| molecular detection of babesia spp. (apicomplexa: piroplasma) in free-ranging canids and mustelids from southern italy. | babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan parasites with widespread geographical distribution and various wildlife species as reservoir hosts. the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and assess the role of free-ranging canids and mustelids in the maintenance of babesia spp. in southern italy. pcr analysis of splenic samples targeting the 18s rrna gene revealed the presence of babesia spp. in 36 of 82 (43.9%) red foxes (vulpes vulpes) including 29 (58%) ... | 2019 | 31555669 |
| high diversity of hemotropic mycoplasmas in iberian wild carnivores. | two-hundred and thirty-one wild carnivores belonging to 10 species of in spain were analyzed for the presence of dna of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) by means of a universal real-time pcr targeting a 16s rrna gene fragment. positive reactions were found for wolf (canis lupus: 6/37), fox (vulpes vulpes: 1/41), eurasian badger (meles meles: 49/85), pine marten (martes martes: 11/23), stone marten (martes foina: 6/9), least weasel (mustela nivalis: 4/4), european wildcat (felis s. silvestris ... | 2018 | 30396424 |
| circulation of diverse protoparvoviruses in wild carnivores, italy. | protoparvovirus is a monophyletic viral genus that includes the species carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infecting domestic and wild carnivores. in this paper, the results of an epidemiological survey for carnivore protoparvovirus-1 in wild carnivores in italy are reported. overall, 34 (11.4%) out of 297 tested animals were positive for carnivore protoparvovirus-1, but the frequency of detection was much higher in intestine (54%) than in spleen samples (2.8%), thus suggesting that the intestine is th ... | 2020 | 33176056 |
| reproduction success in european badgers, red foxes and raccoon dogs in relation to sett cohabitation. | the setts of the european badger meles meles can be cohabited during reproductive season by the red fox vulpes vulpes and raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides. there is no information on the possible impact of both species on the size of badgers' litter. the aim of the study was to show the influence of cohabitation of the same setts by badger, raccoon dog and fox on the litter size. the research was conducted in 2012-2014 and 2018 in the lowland forests of western poland. we conducted the surve ... | 2020 | 32797065 |
| spatio-temporal partitioning facilitates mesocarnivore sympatry in the stara planina mountains, bulgaria. | the top trophic level in many terrestrial food webs is typically occupied by mammalian carnivores (order carnivora) that broadly affect and shape ecosystems through trophic cascades. their inter-specific interactions can further complicate effects on community dynamics as a consequence of intra-guild competition. the capacity for competitive mammalian carnivores to segregate their hunting and activity regimes is in major part a function of their similarity, in terms of body-size and dietary nich ... | 2020 | 32563175 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild carnivores in north-eastern poland. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate parasitic intracellular bacterium. it is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, with effects on human and animal health. in europe, the pathogen is mainly transmitted among a wide range of vertebrate hosts by blood-sucking arthropods. the aim of this study was to determine the presence of a. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores, viz raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides), badgers (meles meles), foxes (vulpes vulpes), martens (martes sp.) and eur ... | 2019 | 31590678 |
| living with roommates in a shared den: spatial and temporal segregation among semifossorial mammals. | positive interspecific interactions in animal communities (i.e. den sharing) have long been overlooked in animal ecology. the assessment of spatiotemporal overlap among species living within the same burrow system is paramount to explain their strategies of interspecific coexistence. we studied spatiotemporal behavioural patterns of coexistence among four den-sharing mammal species (i.e. the crested porcupine hystrix cristata, the eurasian badger meles meles, the red fox vulpes vulpes and the eu ... | 2019 | 31022506 |
| mesocarnivore community structure under predator control: unintended patterns in a conservation context. | across the mediterranean, conservation programmes often operate concomitantly with hunting interests within game-lands. carnivore guilds lie at the interface between contrasting management goals, being simultaneously fundamental components of ecosystems and targets of predator control to reduce predation on game species. here, we evaluate the composition and spatial structure of a mesocarnivore community in a protected area of southeast portugal, with high economic investment in conservation and ... | 2019 | 30653547 |
| urbanization and cattle density are determinants in the exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides of non-target wildlife. | the persistence and toxicity of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (sgars) in animal tissues make these compounds dangerous by biomagnification in predatory species. here we studied the levels of sgars in non-target species of wildlife and the environmental factors that influence such exposure. liver samples of terrestrial vertebrates (n = 244) found dead between 2007 and 2016 in the region of aragón (ne spain) were analysed. the presence of sgars was statistically analysed with binary ... | 2019 | 30390453 |
| prevalence of capillaria plica in danish wild carnivores. | capillaria plica is a parasitic nematode belonging to the family capillariidae. the adult parasites reside in the urinary tract of wild and domestic canines. the infection is most often asymptomatic, but can cause a wide range of symptoms including urinary bladder inflammation, pollacisuria, dysuria and hematuria. canines acquire the infection by ingesting the intermediate host, the earthworm (lumbricidae). epidemiological studies on c. plica infection in wildlife are few and only one previous d ... | 2018 | 30302310 |
| causes of mortality and morbidity in free-ranging mustelids in switzerland: necropsy data from over 50 years of general health surveillance. | although mustelids occur worldwide and include a wide range of species, little is known about the diseases affecting them. mustelids have regularly been submitted for post mortem investigation in the framework of the program for general wildlife health surveillance in switzerland, which has been in place for nearly 60 years. we performed a retrospective analysis of the necropsy reports on mustelids submitted to the diagnostic service of the university of bern. the aims of this study were to pres ... | 2018 | 29921290 |
| serological survey of toxoplasma gondii and besnoitia besnoiti in a wildlife conservation area in southern portugal. | toxoplasma gondii and besnoitia besnoiti are closely related apicomplexan protozoa. t. gondii is a zoonotic pathogen which may cause serious disease in man and warm-blooded animals, including wild species. b. besnoiti causes bovine besnoitiosis, an emergent disease in europe, which is linked to important production losses. unlike t. gondii, the life cycle of b. besnoiti remains a mystery, since the definitive host has not yet been identified. the aim of this work was to determine the seroprevale ... | 2016 | 31014504 |
| invasion of the raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides in europe: history of colonization, features behind its success, and threats to native fauna. | we aimed to review the history of the introduction and colonization of the raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides in europe, the features behind its successful expansion and its impact on native fauna. the raccoon dog quickly colonized new areas after being introduced to the european part of the former soviet union. today it is widespread in northern and eastern europe and is still spreading in central europe. features behind its success include its adaptability, high reproductive potential, omniv ... | 2011 | 32288758 |
| influence of tree thinning on the abundance of mammals in a japanese larch larix kaempferi plantation. | we examined the influence of tree thinning on the abundance of mammals in a japanese larch larix kaempferi plantation in mt gariwang, pyeongchang, south korea. in 2014 and 2015, from april to october, we recorded the presence of tracks as a proxy for abundance, for the following seven mammalian species: korean hare lepus coreanus, raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides, siberian weasel mustela sibirica, eurasian badger meles meles, water deer hydropotes inermis, roe deer capreolus pygargus, and wi ... | 2017 | 30460053 |
| demodex melesinus (acariformes: demodecidae) - the forgotten european badger parasite, rediscovered after 100 years. | among 15 demodecid mite species (acariformes: demodecidae) recorded from carnivorans carnivora, 3 species were described from mustelids mustelidae. they are known only from single records, for which demodex erminae has been described from the stoat mustela erminea from great britain and new zealand, d. melesinus from the european badger meles meles known solely from great britain and d. lutrae discovered in the eurasian otter lutra lutra from poland. the current record confirms the existence of ... | 2018 | 30367752 |
| molecular identification of sarcocystis lutrae (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) in muscles of five species of the family mustelidae. | carnivores usually act as definitive hosts of sarcocystis species. however, the number of reports on sarcocyst formation in musculature of predators is on the increase. in the present study, muscle samples of 68 mustelids collected in lithuania were examined for sarcocysts of sarcocystis species. sarcocysts were detected in diaphragm, tongue and limb muscles of ten animals (14.7%) but were not discovered in the heart. based on 18s rdna, 28s rdna, cox1 and its1 sequence analysis, sarcocystis lutr ... | 2018 | 29700640 |
| molecular identification of sarcocystis lutrae in the european otter (lutra lutra) and the european badger (meles meles) from the czech republic. | muscular sarcosporidial infections by sarcocystis lutrae (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) from the otter (lutra lutra) and badger (meles meles) (carnivora: mustelidae) were found in the czech republic. as part of a diversity evaluation of sarcocystis in wild carnivores during 2016-2017, samples of diaphragm, tongue and hind-limb muscles were collected from nine districts, examined by compression and characterized molecularly. cyst walls were thin, with no visible protrusions, and histological sectio ... | 2018 | 29411109 |
| thelazia callipaeda in mustelids from romania with the european badger, meles meles, as a new host for this parasite. | thelazia callipaeda (spirurida, thelaziidae) is a vector-borne zoonotic eye worm with a broad host spectrum. in europe, it is an emerging threat, having greatly expanded its geographical distribution during the past two decades. in romania, t. callipaeda has been previously reported in domestic and wild canids and felids. the aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of t. callipaeda in mustelids in the country. | 2019 | 31349861 |
| role of mustelids in the life-cycle of ixodid ticks and transmission cycles of four tick-borne pathogens. | elucidating which wildlife species significantly contribute to the maintenance of ixodes ricinus populations and the enzootic cycles of the pathogens they transmit is imperative in understanding the driving forces behind the emergence of tick-borne diseases. here, we aimed to quantify the relative contribution of four mustelid species in the life-cycles of i. ricinus and borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in forested areas and to investigate their role in the transmission of other tick-borne path ... | 2018 | 30458847 |
| the european badger, meles meles, as a new host for trichinella britovi in romania. | the european badger, meles meles (carnivora, mustelidae) is a widespread opportunistic omnivorous mammal. its food spectrum comprises a wide variety of plants and small animals, occasionally including rodents, such as mice or rats. considering that rodents are known to play a key role in the life cycle of trichinella spp., the aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of these parasites in badgers from romania and to identify the species. overall, 61 badgers originating from 14 count ... | 2020 | 33161282 |
| a non-invasive method to assess the reproductive status of the european badger (meles meles) from urinary sex-steroid metabolites. | due to their unique reproductive physiology and behaviour, european badgers (meles meles) are often used as a model to study mammalian reproduction. for reproductive endocrinology, circulating hormone levels are conventionally measured directly from blood samples. however, routine blood sampling is often not practical for wild animals and may induce stress affecting measurement accuracy. non-invasive alternatives are thus of interest. circulating hormones are metabolized through different routes ... | 2020 | 33152349 |
| potentially toxic element accumulation in badgers (meles meles): a compositional approach. | potentially toxic elements (ptes) in badgers (meles meles), otherwise known as heavy metals, are unique amongst environmental pollutants occurring, both naturally and anthropogenically. ptes have a broad range of negative health and environmental effects, therefore identifying their sources and pathways through the environment is imperative for public health policy. this is difficult in terrestrial systems due to the compositional nature of soil geochemistry. in this study, a compositional stati ... | 2020 | 33131870 |
| estimation of environmental, genetic and parental age at conception effects on telomere length in a wild mammal. | understanding individual variation in fitness-related traits requires separating the environmental and genetic determinants. telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that are thought to be a biomarker of senescence as their length predicts mortality risk and reflect the physiological consequences of environmental conditions. the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to individual variation in telomere length is however unclear, yet important for understanding ... | 2020 | 33113164 |
| underground diversity: uropodina mites (acari: mesostigmata) from european badger (meles meles) nests. | badgers can gather huge quantities of organic material to build their nests for winter time and to rear their cubs. moreover, badger burrows (setts) are characterized by specific microclimate with quite stable temperature and humidity. their fauna is poorly studied, especially in respect of saprobiontic uropodina mites. in 2018-2019, we monitored 94 badger setts to search for nest material that had been thrown away during cleaning of the chambers after mating and winter sleep. in the collected m ... | 2020 | 33098499 |
| grazing cattle exposure to neighbouring herds and badgers in relation to bovine tuberculosis risk. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) can be spread between and among cattle and wildlife hosts e.g. european badger (meles meles). the majority of cattle in the uk and ireland are grazed during the summer, potentially exposing them to mycobacterium bovis. 18 farms were surveyed (39% dairy, 61% beef; fields n = 697) for one grazing season (may-november 2016, n = 148,461 field days) to quantify the co-occurrence of cattle with badger setts and latrines and adjacency to neighbouring cattle herds. 3% (n = 24) ... | 2020 | 33069429 |
| evaluation of a faecal shedding test to detect badger social groups infected with mycobacterium bovis. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is an economically important disease affecting the cattle industry in england and wales. btb, caused by mycobacterium bovis, also causes disease in the eurasian badger (meles meles), a secondary maintenance host. disease transmission between these two species is bidirectional. infected badgers shed m. bovis in their faeces. the uk animal and plant health agency (apha) organised a comparative trial to determine the performance of tests in detecting m. bovis in badger fae ... | 2020 | 33055185 |
| effects of mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (musghv-1) reactivation in european badger (meles meles) genital tracts on reproductive fitness. | reactivation of latent gammaherpesvirus in the genital tract can lead to reproductive failure in domestic animals. nevertheless, this pathophysiology has not received formal study in wild mammals. high prevalence of mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (musghv-1) dna detected in the genital tracts of european badgers (meles meles) implies that this common pathogen may be a sexual transmitted infection. here we used pcr to test musghv-1 dna prevalence in genital swabs collected from 144 wild badgers in ir ... | 2020 | 32962280 |
| estimating wildlife vaccination coverage using genetic methods. | vaccination is a useful approach for the control of disease in wildlife populations. however, its effectiveness is dependent in part on delivery to a sufficient proportion of the target population. measuring the proportions of wild animal populations that have been vaccinated is challenging and so there is a need to develop robust approaches that can contribute to our understanding of the likely efficacy of wildlife vaccination campaigns. we used a modified capture mark recapture technique to es ... | 2020 | 32907707 |
| bioreactor-grown bacillus of calmette and guérin (bcg) vaccine protects badgers against virulent mycobacterium bovis when administered orally: identifying limitations in baited vaccine delivery. | bovine tuberculosis (tb) in great britain adversely affects animal health and welfare and is a cause of considerable economic loss. the situation is exacerbated by european badgers (meles meles) acting as a wildlife source of recurrent mycobacterium bovis infection to cattle. vaccination of badgers against tb is a possible means to reduce and control bovine tb. the delivery of vaccine in oral bait holds the best prospect for vaccinating badgers over a wide geographical area. there are practical ... | 2020 | 32824778 |
| mycobacterium bovis infection in red foxes in four animal tuberculosis endemic areas in france. | in france, animal tuberculosis (tb) due to mycobacterium bovis (m.bovis) affects a multi-host community that include cattle and wildlife species such as wild boars (sus scrofa), badgers (meles meles), or wild deer (cervus elaphus, capreolus capreolus). the involvement of foxes in the epidemiology of tb is fairly described in countries facing multispecies concerns. after the discovery of grouped cases of tb in foxes in a french tb endemic region, a study was implemented in the core of four tb end ... | 2020 | 32709124 |
| mycobacterium bovis population structure in cattle and local badgers: co-localisation and variation by farm type. | bovine tuberculosis surveillance in northern ireland includes multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) to determine the mycobacterium bovis genetic type present in both cattle and the predominant wildlife host, the european badger (meles meles). these data are useful for investigating clusters of infection and understanding the scale at which interspecific transmission may occur. we utilised a comprehensive dataset of routinely sampled isolates from infected cattle and from b ... | 2020 | 32708155 |
| social effects on age-related and sex-specific immune cell profiles in a wild mammal. | evidence for age-related changes in innate and adaptive immune responses is increasing in wild populations. such changes have been linked to fitness, and knowledge of the factors driving immune response variation is important for understanding the evolution of immunity. age-related changes in immune profiles may be owing to factors such as immune system development, sex-specific behaviour and responses to environmental conditions. social environments may also contribute to variation in immunolog ... | 2020 | 32673548 |
| reproductive and somatic senescence in the european badger (meles meles): evidence from lifetime sex-steroid profiles. | among the carnivora, there is sparse evidence for any substantive fitness benefits of post reproductive lifespan (prls, survival after reproductive cessation, rc). using the european badger (meles meles) as a model species, we analyzed sex-specific cross-sectional endocrinological and morphological data to investigate: 1) age-dependent reproductive decline in sex-steroid levels versus prime reproductive age; 2) age-dependent declines in somatic condition and reproductive advertisement (from subc ... | 2020 | 32574816 |
| extra territorial excursions by european badgers are not limited by age, sex or season. | european badgers (meles meles) in medium and high density populations show strong territorial behaviour. territories in these populations are contiguous, well-marked and often unchanging over many years. however, badgers do not always stay within their territorial boundaries. in our medium-density population, most individual badgers made extra-territorial excursions (etes) throughout the year. etes were most frequent between april and september and least frequent in december and january (the per ... | 2020 | 32541685 |
| local lung immune response to mycobacterium bovis challenge after bcg and m. bovis heat-inactivated vaccination in european badger (meles meles). | tuberculosis (tb) vaccination could be used as a key part of integrated strategies for the disease's control if an effective and safe vaccine under field conditions is obtained. recent studies in spain have evaluated the protective efficacy of two oral vaccines against experimental challenge with live intra-bronchial mycobacterium bovis in captive badgers: the live-attenuated m. bovis bcg vaccine (danish strain) and a heat-inactivated m. bovis (himb) vaccine. with the objective of increasing the ... | 2020 | 32526872 |
| evaluation of the dual path platform (dpp) vettb assay for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in badgers. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), caused by mycobacterium bovis, represents a major animal health issue. in the united kingdom and the republic of ireland, european badgers (meles meles) have been shown to act as a reservoir of m. bovis infection, hindering the eradication of btb in livestock. the availability of suitable diagnostic assays, particularly those that may be applied in a "trap-side" setting, would facilitate the implementation of a wider range of disease control strategies. here we evaluat ... | 2020 | 32473415 |
| environmental dna: a promising factor for tuberculosis risk assessment in multi-host settings. | attaining and maintaining the official tuberculosis free status continues to be a challenge when several domestic and wild hosts contribute to the maintenance of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc). local tuberculosis hotspots are sometimes identified in cattle in low-prevalence regions. we have, therefore, studied one such hotspot in depth in order to produce an epidemiological diagnosis. host population size and mtc prevalence were estimated in selected wildlife and in livestock, whil ... | 2020 | 32470035 |
| is moving from targeted culling to bcg-vaccination of badgers (meles meles) associated with an unacceptable increased incidence of cattle herd tuberculosis in the republic of ireland? a practical non-inferiority wildlife intervention study in the republic of ireland (2011-2017). | bovine tuberculosis (btb) remains as a costly disease of cattle-herds in the republic of ireland (roi). this persistence is partially attributable to the presence of m. bovis infection in a wildlife reservoir, the european badger (meles meles). thus, both area-wide and limited-area targeted-badger-culling have been part of the roi-btb control/eradication program to help reduce the future incidence of a cattle-herd btb breakdown (i.e. a "new herd-level occurrence of btb"). however, neither badger ... | 2020 | 32361147 |
| subclinical bcg-osis in a captive badger (meles meles) with lymphoma. | subclinical systemic dissemination of bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is described in a captive badger (meles meles) with lymphoma. an adult female european badger was vaccinated per os with bcg and after 8 weeks post-mortem examination identified marked lymphadenomegaly and multinodular hepatic lesions. the histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed a multicentric t-cell lymphoma, associated with high bcg bacterial load in numerous tissues. the histology did not identify bcg-associated le ... | 2020 | 32359639 |
| investigation into the pathology of idiopathic systemic amyloidosis in four captive badgers (meles meles). | systemic idiopathic amyloidosis was described in four captive badgers (meles meles). two animals (b1 and b2) were not enrolled in any trial, while animals b3 and b4 took part in a vaccine efficacy study and had been challenged with mycobacterium bovis. a full set of tissues was collected and processed routinely for histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. splenomegaly was found in three out of four animals. histopathological evaluation revealed congophilic, permanganat ... | 2020 | 32359625 |
| what lies beneath? population dynamics conceal pace-of-life and sex ratio variation, with implications for resilience to environmental change. | life-history and pace-of-life syndrome theory predict that populations are comprised of individuals exhibiting different reproductive schedules and associated behavioural and physiological traits, optimized to prevailing social and environmental factors. changing weather and social conditions provide in situ cues altering this life-history optimality; nevertheless, few studies have considered how tactical, sex-specific plasticity over an individual's lifespan varies in wild populations and influ ... | 2020 | 32243650 |
| evaluating the application of the dual path platform vettb test for badgers (meles meles) in the test and vaccinate or remove (tvr) wildlife research intervention project in northern ireland. | european badgers (meles meles) are accepted as a wildlife reservoir host for mycobacterium bovis, which causes bovine tuberculosis (btb) in the british isles. the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of dual path platform (dpp) vettb test (chembio diagnostic systems inc., medford, ny, usa) within a test and vaccinate or remove (tvr) wildlife research intervention project. blood samples were collected from 456 individual badgers, trapped in 2015 and 2016, and tested in the field with d ... | 2020 | 32197169 |
| molecular detection of arthropod-borne pathogens in eurasian badgers (meles meles) from the united kingdom. | arthropod-borne diseases (abd) are of increasing interest in veterinary and public health. eurasian badgers (meles meles) are known to harbor a wide range of pathogens, but information on their role as abd reservoirs and their potential epidemiological relevance is limited. this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of arthropod-borne pathogens, specifically piroplasmids and the bacteria anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia canis, coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis and bartonella spp. ... | 2020 | 32155963 |
| protective effect of oral bcg and inactivated mycobacterium bovis vaccines in european badgers (meles meles) experimentally infected with m. bovis. | in europe, badgers (meles meles) are recognized as major tuberculosis (tb) reservoir hosts with the potential to transmit infection to associated cattle herds. recent studies in spain have demonstrated that vaccination with a heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis vaccine (himb) successfully protects captive wild boar and red deer against progressive disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two oral vaccines against tb in a badger model: the live-attenuated m. bovis bacillus ... | 2020 | 32118064 |
| rodents as intermediate hosts of cestode parasites of mammalian carnivores and birds of prey in poland, with the first data on the life-cycle of mesocestoides melesi. | rodents constitute an important part of the diet of many carnivore species. this predator-prey food chain is exploited by helminth parasites, such as cestodes, whose larval stages develop in rodents and then mature to the adult stage in predators. the main aim of our study was to use molecular techniques for identification of cestode species recovered from both intermediate and definitive hosts, with a particular focus on the genus mesocestoides. | 2020 | 32087754 |