| heterologous expression and functional characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-11 from canine mammary tumor. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are reported to be involved in tumor growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and development of metastases. these are zinc containing metalloproteases, known for their role in extracellular matrix degradation. mmp-11 (stromelysin3) is reported to be highly expressed in breast cancer, therefore it may act as marker enzyme for breast cancer progression. the present work was carried out to produce recombinant canine (canis lupus familiaris) mmp-11 lacking the sig ... | 2013 | 23394368 |
| antimicrobial resistance in faecal enterococci and escherichia coli isolates recovered from iberian wolf. | the aim of this study was to report the antimicrobial resistance, the molecular mechanisms associated and the detection of virulence determinants within faecal enterococcus spp. and escherichia coli isolates of iberian wolf. enterococci (n = 227) and e. coli (n = 195) isolates were obtained from faecal samples of iberian wolf (canis lupus signatus). high rates of resistance were detected for tetracycline and erythromycin among the enterococci isolates, and most of resistant isolates harboured th ... | 2013 | 23336611 |
| occurrence and molecular genotyping of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. in wild mesocarnivores in spain. | there is a surprisingly scarce amount of epidemiological and molecular data on the prevalence, frequency, and diversity of the intestinal protozoan parasites giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. in wildlife in general and mesocarnivore species in particular. consequently, the extent of the cyst/oocyst environmental contamination attributable to these wild host species and their potential implications for public veterinary health remain largely unknown. in this molecular epidemiological su ... | 2017 | 28215875 |
| epidemiological survey in łęczyńsko-włodawskie lake district of eastern poland reveals new evidence of zoonotic potential of giardia intestinalis. | faecal samples from 297 farm animals were collected from 18 households in distinct sites of the łęczyńsko-włodawskie lake district of eastern poland. they included samples from 86 cattle (bos taurus), 84 pigs (sus scrofa f. domestica), 81 sheep (ovis aries), 10 horses (equus caballus), and 36 dogs (canis lupus familiaris). the samples were examined for the presence of giardia intestinalis by the direct fluorescence assay (dfa) and semi-nested pcr. all amplicons were sequenced on both strands. by ... | 2015 | 26706961 |
| hepatozoon spp. infects free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca) in brazil. | this study investigated the presence of hepatozoon spp. in jaguars (panthera onca) and domestic animals in the cerrado, amazon and pantanal biomes of brazil. between february 2000 and january 2010, blood samples were collected from 30 jaguars, 129 domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and 22 domestic cats (felis catus) for molecular tests. all of the jaguars from the pantanal (n=22) and cerrado (n=4) and 3 of 4 jaguars from the amazon were positive for hepatozoon spp. domestic dogs (62.8%) and ... | 2017 | 28207298 |
| tp53 expressing squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil in a captive polar wolf (canis lupus arctos). | the gross and histopathologic findings for a primary tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma in a captive 11-yr-old male polar wolf (canis lupus arctos) are described. the carcinoma had metastasized to regional lymph nodes of the pharynx, the precardial mediastinum, and the lungs. tumor suppressor protein tp53 was detected by immunohistochemistry in the nuclei of poorly differentiated, cytokeratin-positive cells of the primary neoplasm and the metastases. canine oral papillomavirus dna was not detecta ... | 2005 | 17312781 |
| prediction of lymph node parasite load from clinical data in dogs with leishmaniasis: an application of radial basis artificial neural networks. | quantification of leishmania infantum load via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) in lymph node aspirates is an accurate tool for diagnostics, surveillance and therapeutics follow-up in dogs with leishmaniasis. however, qpcr requires infrastructure and technical training that is not always available commercially or in public services. here, we used a machine learning technique, namely radial basis artificial neural network, to assess whether parasite load could be learned fr ... | 2017 | 28115177 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis in wild canines (fox, jackal, and wolf) in northeastern iran using parasitological, serological, and molecular methods. | although many studies had been conducted on various aspects of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in domestic dogs in the endemic areas of iran, investigations on cvl in wild canines are rare. | 2016 | 28032106 |
| canisome--the protein signatures of canis lupus familiaris diseases. | although the applications of proteomics in human biomedicine have been explored for some time now, in animal and veterinary research, the potential of this resource has just started to be explored, especially when companion animal health is considered. in the last years, knowledge on the canis lupus familiaris proteome has been accumulating in the literature and a resource compiling all this information and critically reviewing it was lacking. this article presents such a resource for the first ... | 2016 | 26776818 |
| first detection of leishmania infantum kinetoplast dna in hair of wild mammals: application of qpcr method to determine potential parasite reservoirs. | the data presented in this paper describe the application of a method for a reliable and non-invasive diagnosis of leishmaniosis in wild reservoirs, based on the detection of leishmania infantum kinetoplast dna (kdna) in hair samples by real time pcr (qpcr). the study has been performed on 68 ear/leg hair samples from 5 different wild species (vulpes vulpes, canis lupus, martes foina, rattus norvegicus and erinaceus europaeus) from several geographic areas of west and north spain. the presence o ... | 2013 | 23973736 |
| canid progesterone receptors lack activation function 3 domain-dependent activity. | progesterone regulates multiple behavioral, physiological, and pathological aspects of female reproductive biology through its two progesterone receptors (prs), pr-b and the truncated pr-a. pr-b is necessary for mammary gland development in mice and, compared with pr-a, is overall a stronger transactivator of target genes due to an additional activation function 3 (af3) domain. in dogs, known for their high sensitivity to progesterone-induced mammary cancer, the pr-b function was studied. canine ... | 2012 | 23041671 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum in feral swine (sus scrofa) in the united states. | the protozoon neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. canids (canis familiaris, canis latrans, canis lupus) are definitive hosts whereas many other animal species, including pigs, are intermediate hosts for the parasite. between 2012 and 2014, serum samples from 1059 feral swine (sus scrofa) from 29 states of the usa were tested for n. caninum antibodies, using the n. caninum agglutination test (nat). of these, 159 (15.0%) feral pigs from 21 states tested positive, wit ... | 2016 | 27514880 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of infections with neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in hunting dogs from campania region, southern italy. | hunting dogs have probably a higher level of exposure to neospora caninum dubey, carpenter, speer, topper et uggla, 1988 and toxoplasma gondii nicolle et manceaux, 1908 than other canine populations for their different lifestyle. the aim of our survey was to determine the seroprevalence of n. caninum and t. gondii in hunting dogs from southern italy and assess risk factors related to these protozoan infections. blood samples were collected from 398 hunting dogs (19 different breeds, aged from 5 ... | 2016 | 27189127 |
| isolation of viable neospora caninum from brains of wild gray wolves (canis lupus). | neospora caninum is a common cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. canids, including the dog and the dingo (canis familiaris), the coyote (canis latrans), and the gray wolf (canis lupus) are its definitive hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts in the environment, but also can act as intermediate hosts, harboring tissue stages of the parasite. in an attempt to isolate viable n. caninum from tissues of naturally infected wolves, brain and heart tissue from 109 wolves from minne ... | 2014 | 24522164 |
| oslerus osleri (metastrongyloidea; filaroididae) in gray wolves (canis lupus) from banff national park, alberta, canada. | oslerus osleri is a filaroid parasite of the respiratory tract of canids. in north america, it is most commonly reported from coyotes (canis latrans) and domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris), but reports in gray wolves (canis lupus) are infrequent. we report a new geographic record for o. osleri in four gray wolves from banff national park, alberta, canada. adult nematodes found in nodules in the submucosa of the trachea and bronchi were identified as o. osleri based on morphometry of spicules ... | 2013 | 23568921 |
| reemergence of rabies in the southern han river region, korea. | recently, 11 cases of animal rabies were reported in the southern region (suwon and hwaseong cities) of gyeonggi province, south korea. the cases were temporally separated into two cases in dogs (canis lupus familiaris) in spring 2012 and nine cases in domestic animals and wildlife in winter 2012-13. all carcasses were submitted for histopathologic examination and viral antigen identification. sequences of the glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and glycoprotein-large polymerase protein intergenic nonc ... | 2014 | 24807360 |
| fleas and ticks in carnivores from a domestic-wildlife interface: implications for public health and wildlife. | fleas and ticks are parasites of wild and domestic mammals, and can be vectors of several pathogens. in rural areas, domestic carnivores such as the domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris l.), may act as a "bridge" between natural areas and human settlements where ectoparasites can be used as a metric of such link. the aim of this study was to identify fleas, ticks, and rickettsia spp., collected from domestic and wild carnivores in a natural reserve and surrounding human settlements in central ch ... | 2016 | 27539151 |
| molecular identification of cryptic cysticercosis: taenia ovis krabbei in wild intermediate and domestic definitive hosts. | the complex life cycle of taeniids represents an ideal model of a multi-host system. the complexity of these parasites can therefore cover the epidemiological issues of the interface between wild and domestic animals, especially once spatial overlap between wild and domestic definitive and intermediate hosts occurs. here we use the occurrence of taenia ovis krabbei in two model areas as an example of this epidemiological complexity. in two contiguous areas in the italian northern apennines, two ... | 2017 | 28349853 |
| description and life-cycle of taenia lynciscapreoli sp. n. (cestoda, cyclophyllidea). | a new species of tapeworm, taenia lynciscapreoli sp. n. (cestoda, cyclophyllidea), is described from the eurasian lynx (lynx lynx), the main definitive host, and the roe deer (capreolus capreolus and capreolus pygargus), the main intermediate hosts, from finland and russia (siberia and the russian far east). the new species was found once also in the wolf (canis lupus) and the eurasian elk/moose (alces alces), representing accidental definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. the conspecif ... | 2016 | 27199592 |
| thelazia callipaeda in wild carnivores from romania: new host and geographical records. | thelazia callipaeda is a vector-borne zoonotic nematode parasitizing the conjunctival sac of domestic and wild carnivores, rabbits and humans, with a vast distribution in asia and the former soviet union. in europe, the nematode has an emerging trend, being reported in italy, france, switzerland, germany, spain, portugal, bosnia and herzegovina, croatia, romania, greece and serbia, with human cases known in italy, france, spain, serbia and croatia. in romania, the infection was so far reported o ... | 2016 | 27316971 |
| ecotoxicoparasitology: understanding mercury concentrations in gut contents, intestinal helminths and host tissues of alaskan gray wolves (canis lupus). | some gastrointestinal helminths acquire nutrients from the lumen contents in which they live; thus, they may be exposed to non-essential elements, such as mercury (hg), during feeding. the objectives of this study were: 1) determine the total mercury concentrations ([thg]) in gray wolves (canis lupus) and their parasites, and 2) use stable isotopes to evaluate the trophic relationships within the host. [thg] and stable isotopes (c and n) were determined for helminths, host tissues, and lumen con ... | 2015 | 26283618 |
| a survey of intestinal helminths in wild carnivores from the tatra national park, southern poland. | from january 2011 to july 2012, 144 faecal samples of wild carnivores from the tatra national park were examined to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal helminths--72 of wolves (canis lupus), 45 of red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 15 of pine martens (martes martes) and 12 of brown bears (ursus arctos). in wolves, monospecific infection with trichuris vulpis (13.9%), toxocara canis (6.9%), ancylostoma/uncinaria (5.6%) and taeniids (1.4%) was revealed. in red foxes, the most prevalent infection was 7 v ... | 2013 | 24791342 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in zoo and domestic animals in jiangxi province, china. | toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of warm-blooded animals throughout the world. in the present study, antibodies to t. gondii were determined using a commercial indirect hemagglutination (iha) test in wild animals in a zoo. three of 11 giraffes (giraffa camelopardalis) (27%), 1 of 5 wolves (canis lupus laniger) (20%), 1 of 6 hippopotamuses (hippopotamus amphibious) (17%), and 2 of 9 tundra swans (cygnus columbianus) (22%) were found to be positive. no a ... | 2017 | 28224883 |
| isolation and rflp genotyping of toxoplasma gondii from the gray wolf (canis lupus). | little is known of the genetic diversity of toxoplasma gondii circulating in wildlife. in the present study feral gray wolves (canis lupus) from minnesota were examined for t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii were detected in 130 (52.4%) of 248 wolves tested by the modified agglutination test (cut-off titer of 25). tissues (hearts, brains or both) of 109 wolves were bioassayed in mice for protozoal isolation. viable t. gondii was isolated from 25 and the isolates were further propagated ... | 2013 | 23786787 |
| serological survey of toxoplasma gondii in tibetan mastiffs (canis lupus familiaris) and yaks (bos grunniens) in qinghai, china. | toxoplasma gondii is an amphixenosis which has extensive hosts. in recent years, the prevalence of t. gondii in china has been reported, while little is known on the survey of t. gondii infection in northwest china, especially in yaks (bos grunniens) and tibetan mastiffs (canis lupus familiaris). the current study survey the infection of t. gondii in tibetan mastiffs and yaks in qinghai province, china. | 2012 | 22330277 |
| the role of the wolf in endemic sylvatic trichinella britovi infection in the abruzzi region of central italy. | during the period 2004-2014 in the abruzzi region (central italy), muscle samples gathered from hunted wild boars (n=16,323) and retrieved from carcasses of other susceptible wild mammals (n=838) and birds (n=438) were tested for trichinella larvae according to european union regulations. although no positive samples were found from wild birds, 91 wild mammals tested positive. six species were found to harbor trichinella spp. infections, namely wolf (canis lupus, 59 positive samples out of 218), ... | 2016 | 27522469 |
| the occurrence of nematodes of the genus trichinella in wolves (canis lupus) from the bieszczady mountains and augustowska forest in poland. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of trichinella infection in wolves (canis lupus) in two regions in poland. muscle samples were collected from 21 wolves between 1999 and 2015 and processed by artificial digestion. in two cases, the muscle larvae (ml) were obtained and stored in alcohol. ml were detected in 12 wolves and genotyped by multiplex pcr. trichinella britovi was confirmed in 12 wolves (54.5%). the larval burdens in infected animals ranged from 0.009 to 27 l ... | 2016 | 27103397 |
| the wolf (canis lupus) as an indicator species for the sylvatic trichinella cycle in the central balkans. | wildlife is the most important reservoir of trichinella spp. worldwide. although the balkans are a recognized european endemic region for trichinella infections, data on wildlife are scarce. to monitor the circulation of these zoonotic parasites in the central balkan region, the wolf (canis lupus) was selected because of its abundance (>2,000 individuals) and because it is at the top of the food chain. a total of 116 carcasses of wolves were collected in serbia and in the neighboring areas of ma ... | 2014 | 25105811 |
| trichinella infections in different host species of an endemic district of serbia. | trichinella infections are endemic in the balkan region of europe. though trichinellosis and agents thereof are serious problems for human health and animal husbandry, only a limited number of trichinella isolates from serbia have been identified at the species level so far. the aim of the present study was the surveillance and monitoring of trichinella in domestic pigs and wild animals from the endemic district of branicevo. investigations performed during the 2009-2010 period revealed trichine ... | 2013 | 23453823 |
| understanding the role of dogs (canis lupus familiaris) in the transmission dynamics of trypanosoma cruzi genotypes in colombia. | the dog (canis lupus familiaris) is the most important domestic reservoir of chagas disease, a zoonosis that affects more than 10 million people in latin america. trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of the disease, displays remarkable genetic variability, as indicated by its six genotypes (tci-tcvi). a pilot study was conducted to establish the prevalence of t. cruzi among the canine population by analyzing 80 dogs. we report the identification of the tci, tcii, tciv and tcvi genotypes as sin ... | 2013 | 23351975 |
| molecular diagnosis and phylogeographic analysis of trypanosoma evansi in dogs (canis lupus familiaris) suggest an epidemiological importance of this species in colombia. | surra disease is a zoonosis caused by trypanosoma (trypanozoon) evansi, a salivary trypanosome, originally from africa, which affects a wide range of mammalian worldwide. dogs are highly susceptible to t. evansi infection and they often exhibit strong clinical signs than can lead to death, even within weeks in untreated acute cases. the present survey is the first report through clinical, parasitological and molecular approaches, of two fatal cases of t. evansi in colombian dogs. after analysing ... | 2017 | 28364836 |
| canis lupus familiaris involved in the transmission of pathogenic yersinia spp. in china. | to investigate canines carrying pathogens associated with human illness, we studied their roles in transmitting and maintaining pathogenic yersinia spp. we examined different ecological landscapes in china for the distribution of pathogenic yersinia spp. in canis lupus familiaris, the domestic dog. the highest number of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica was shown from the tonsils (6.30%), followed by rectal swabs (3.63%) and feces (1.23%). strains isolated from plague free areas for c. lupus fa ... | 2014 | 24861841 |
| the influence of top-down, bottom-up and abiotic factors on the moose (alces alces) population of isle royale. | long-term, concurrent measurement of population dynamics and associated top-down and bottom-up processes are rare for unmanipulated, terrestrial systems. here, we analyse populations of moose, their predators (wolves, canis lupus), their primary winter forage (balsam fir, abies balsamea) and several climatic variables that were monitored for 40 consecutive years in isle royale national park (544 km2), lake superior, usa. we judged the relative importance of top-down, bottom-up and abiotic factor ... | 2004 | 15058396 |
| isolation, molecular cloning, and characterization of a novel porcine lymphotoxin beta receptor gene. | the lymphotoxin beta receptor (ltβr) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family of receptors (tnfr). it plays a role in regulating lymphoid organogenesis and homeostasis of the immune system. in the present study, the full coding region of a putative ltβr gene of sus scrofa was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and cloned for the first time (accession nos. jx457347 and afu74012). in addition, analysis of the tissue expression profile was carried out via r ... | 2014 | 25501186 |
| group or ungroup - moose behavioural response to recolonization of wolves. | predation risk is a primary motivator for prey to congregate in larger groups. a large group can be beneficial to detect predators, share predation risk among individuals and cause confusion for an attacking predator. however, forming large groups also has disadvantages like higher detection and attack rates of predators or interspecific competition. with the current recolonization of wolves (canis lupus) in scandinavia, we studied whether moose (alces alces) respond by changing grouping behavio ... | 2017 | 28239401 |
| ungulate predation and ecological roles of wolves and coyotes in eastern north america. | understanding the ecological roles of species that influence ecosystem processes is a central goal of ecology and conservation biology. eastern coyotes (canis latrans) have ascended to the role of apex predator across much of eastern north america since the extirpation of wolves (canis spp.) and there has been considerable confusion regarding their ability to prey on ungulates and their ecological niche relative to wolves. eastern wolves (c. lycaon) are thought to have been the historical top pr ... | 2017 | 28064464 |
| testing predator-prey theory using broad-scale manipulations and independent validation. | a robust test of ecological theory is to gauge the predictive accuracy of general relationships parameterized from multiple systems but applied to a new area. to address this goal, we used an ecosystem-level experiment to test predator-prey theory by manipulating prey abundance to determine whether predation was density dependent, density independent, compensatory or depensatory (inversely density dependent) on prey populations. understanding the nature of predation is of primary importance in c ... | 2015 | 26101058 |
| using predator-prey theory to predict outcomes of broadscale experiments to reduce apparent competition. | apparent competition is an important process influencing many ecological communities. we used predator-prey theory to predict outcomes of ecosystem experiments aimed at mitigating apparent competition by reducing primary prey. simulations predicted declines in secondary prey following reductions in primary prey because predators consumed more secondary prey until predator numbers responded to reduced prey densities. losses were exacerbated by a higher carrying capacity of primary prey and a long ... | 2015 | 25905509 |
| response of moose hunters to predation following wolf return in sweden. | predation and hunter harvest constitute the main mortality factors affecting the size and dynamics of many exploited populations. the re-colonization by wolves (canis lupus) of the scandinavian peninsula may therefore substantially reduce hunter harvest of moose (alces alces), the main prey of wolves. | 2015 | 25853570 |
| wolves adapt territory size, not pack size to local habitat quality. | 1. although local variation in territorial predator density is often correlated with habitat quality, the causal mechanism underlying this frequently observed association is poorly understood and could stem from facultative adjustment in either group size or territory size. 2. to test between these alternative hypotheses, we used a novel statistical framework to construct a winter population-level utilization distribution for wolves (canis lupus) in northern ontario, which we then linked to a su ... | 2015 | 25757794 |
| space-use behaviour of woodland caribou based on a cognitive movement model. | movement patterns offer a rich source of information on animal behaviour and the ecological significance of landscape attributes. this is especially useful for species occupying remote landscapes where direct behavioural observations are limited. in this study, we fit a mechanistic model of animal cognition and movement to gps positional data of woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou; gmelin 1788) collected over a wide range of ecological conditions. the model explicitly tracks individual a ... | 2015 | 25714592 |
| predator-dependent functional response in wolves: from food limitation to surplus killing. | the functional response of a predator describes the change in per capita kill rate to changes in prey density. this response can be influenced by predator densities, giving a predator-dependent functional response. in social carnivores which defend a territory, kill rates also depend on the individual energetic requirements of group members and their contribution to the kill rate. this study aims to provide empirical data for the functional response of wolves canis lupus to the highly managed mo ... | 2015 | 25109601 |
| testing the risk of predation hypothesis: the influence of recolonizing wolves on habitat use by moose. | considered as absent throughout scandinavia for >100 years, wolves (canis lupus) have recently naturally recolonized south-central sweden. this recolonization has provided an opportunity to study behavioral responses of moose (alces alces) to wolves. we used satellite telemetry locations from collared moose and wolves to determine whether moose habitat use was affected by predation risk based on wolf use distributions. moose habitat use was influenced by reproductive status and time of day and s ... | 2014 | 25015119 |
| where wolves kill moose: the influence of prey life history dynamics on the landscape ecology of predation. | the landscape ecology of predation is well studied and known to be influenced by habitat heterogeneity. little attention has been given to how the influence of habitat heterogeneity on the landscape ecology of predation might be modulated by life history dynamics of prey in mammalian systems. we demonstrate how life history dynamics of moose (alces alces) contribute to landscape patterns in predation by wolves (canis lupus) in isle royale national park, lake superior, usa. we use pattern analysi ... | 2014 | 24622241 |
| decomposing risk: landscape structure and wolf behavior generate different predation patterns in two sympatric ungulates. | recolonizing carnivores can have a large impact on the status of wild ungulates, which have often modified their behavior in the absence of predation. therefore, understanding the dynamics of reestablished predator-prey systems is crucial to predict their potential ecosystem effects. we decomposed the spatial structure of predation by recolonizing wolves (canis lupus) on two sympatric ungulates, moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus), in scandinavia during a 10-year study. we mon ... | 2013 | 24261051 |
| multi-trophic resource selection function enlightens the behavioural game between wolves and their prey. | 1. habitat selection strategies translate into movement tactics, which reckon with the predator-prey spatial game. strategic habitat selection analysis can therefore illuminate behavioural games. cover types at potential encounter sites (i.e. intersections between movement paths of predator and prey) can be compared with cover types available (i) within the area of home-range-overlap (hro) between predator and prey; and (ii) along the path (mp) of each species. unlike the hro scale, cover-type a ... | 2013 | 23701257 |
| the influence of winter severity, predation and senescence on moose habitat use. | habitat use is widely known to be influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, such as climate, population density, foraging opportunity and predation risk. the influence of the life-history state of an individual organism on habitat use is less well understood, especially for terrestrial mammals. there is good reason to expect that life-history state would affect habitat use. for example, organisms exhibiting poor condition associated with senescence have an increased vulnerability to predation an ... | 2013 | 23205630 |
| ecology of arthritis. | osteoarthritis (oa) is a widespread degenerative disease of skeletal joints and is often associated with senescence in vertebrates. oa commonly results from excessive or abnormal mechanical loading of weight-bearing joints ('wear-and-tear'), arising from heavy long-term use or specific injuries; yet, in the absence of injury, the aetiology of oa remains obscure. we show that poor nutritional conditions experienced by moose (alces alces) early in life are linked to greater prevalence of oa during ... | 2010 | 20618843 |
| large herbivores and aquatic-terrestrial links in southern boreal forests. | 1. concurrent measurement of population dynamics and associated spatio-temporal patterns of resource flow across aquatic-terrestrial boundaries are rare, yet necessary to understand the consequences of cross-habitat resource flux. long-term study of the moose alces alces (l.) population in isle royale national park (lake superior, usa) provides an opportunity to examine the patterns of resource flux from aquatic to terrestrial habitats over approximately50 years. 2. we analysed the spatio-tempor ... | 2009 | 19021781 |
| summer kill rates and predation pattern in a wolf-moose system: can we rely on winter estimates? | so far the vast majority of studies on large carnivore predation, including kill rates and consumption, have been based on winter studies. because large carnivores relying on ungulates as prey often show a preference for juveniles, kill rates may be both higher and more variable during the summer season than during the rest of the year leading to serious underestimates of the total annual predation rate. this study is the first to present detailed empirical data on kill rates and prey selection ... | 2008 | 18270746 |
| alternative prey use affects helminth parasite infections in grey wolves. | predators affect prey populations not only through direct predation, but also by acting as definitive hosts for their parasites and completing parasite life cycles. understanding the affects of parasitism on prey population dynamics requires knowing how their predators' parasite community is affected by diet and prey availability. ungulates, such as moose (alces americanus) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), are often important prey for wolves (canis lupus), but wolves also consume ... | 2016 | 27155132 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in caribou, moose, and wolf scat samples from three areas of the alberta oil sands. | impacts of toxic substances from oil production in the alberta oil sands (aos), such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), have been widely debated. studies have been largely restricted to exposures from surface mining in aquatic species. we measured pahs in woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), moose (alces americanus), and grey wolf (canis lupus) across three areas that varied in magnitude of in situ oil production. our results suggest a distinction of pah level and source profil ... | 2015 | 26284348 |
| a spatial theory for characterizing predator-multiprey interactions in heterogeneous landscapes. | trophic interactions in multiprey systems can be largely determined by prey distributions. yet, classic predator-prey models assume spatially homogeneous interactions between predators and prey. we developed a spatially informed theory that predicts how habitat heterogeneity alters the landscape-scale distribution of mortality risk of prey from predation, and hence the nature of predator interactions in multiprey systems. the theoretical model is a spatially explicit, multiprey functional respon ... | 2015 | 26224710 |
| spatio-temporal dynamics in the response of woodland caribou and moose to the passage of grey wolf. | predators impact prey populations not only by consuming individuals, but also by altering their behaviours. these nonlethal effects can influence food web properties as much as lethal effects. the mechanisms of nonlethal effects include chronic and temporary anti-predator behaviours, the nature of which depends on the spatial dynamics of predators and the range over which prey perceive risk. the relation between chronic and ephemeral responses to risk determines predator-prey interactions, with ... | 2014 | 23859231 |
| amblyomma auricularium (ixodida: ixodidae) in florida: new hosts and distribution records. | previous published evidence for the occurrence of an exotic armadillo tick, amblyomma auricularium (conil), in florida is scant, but we found it is fully established and integrated into the state's tick fauna. we collected 11,192 specimens of this tick from naturalized nine-banded armadillos, dasypus novemcinctus l., and 14 other species of wild native mammals and birds in florida, while sampling statewide during 2004 through 2007. in all, we document its specific presence only in 14 contiguous ... | 2017 | 28082640 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) from medium-sized to large mammals in ehime prefecture, japan. | ixodid ticks were collected from medium-sized to large mammals in ehime prefecture, shikoku, japan. ten species of ticks (amblyomma testudinarium, dermacentor taiwanensis, haemaphysalis flava, h. formosensis, h. hystricis, h. longicornis, h. megaspinosa, ixodes nipponensis, i. ovatus, and i. tanuki) were collected from a total of 29 mammals comprising 11 species. haemaphysalis hystricis, a possible vector of japanese spotted fever in ehime prefecture, was collected from canis lupus familiaris (d ... | 2013 | 23242932 |
| trophic cascades from wolves to grizzly bears in yellowstone. | we explored multiple linkages among grey wolves (canis lupus), elk (cervus elaphus), berry-producing shrubs and grizzly bears (ursus arctos) in yellowstone national park. we hypothesized competition between elk and grizzly bears whereby, in the absence of wolves, increases in elk numbers would increase browsing on berry-producing shrubs and decrease fruit availability to grizzly bears. after wolves were reintroduced and with a reduced elk population, we hypothesized there would be an increase in ... | 2014 | 24033136 |
| recolonizing wolves and mesopredator suppression of coyotes: impacts on pronghorn population dynamics. | food web theory predicts that the loss of large carnivores may contribute to elevated predation rates and, hence, declining prey populations, through the process of mesopredator release. however, opportunities to test predictions of the mesopredator release hypothesis are rare, and the extent to which changes in predation rates influence prey population dynamics may not be clear due to a lack of demographic information on the prey population of interest. we utilized spatial and seasonal heteroge ... | 2008 | 18488620 |
| indirect effects and traditional trophic cascades: a test involving wolves, coyotes, and pronghorn. | the traditional trophic cascades model is based on consumer resource interactions at each link in a food chain. however, trophic-level interactions, such as mesocarnivore release resulting from intraguild predation, may also be important mediators of cascades. from september 2001 to august 2004, we used spatial and seasonal heterogeneity in wolf distribution and abundance in the southern greater yellowstone ecosystem to evaluate whether mesopredator release of coyotes (canis latrans), resulting ... | 2008 | 18459344 |
| modified discrete grey wolf optimizer algorithm for multilevel image thresholding. | the computation of image segmentation has become more complicated with the increasing number of thresholds, and the option and application of the thresholds in image thresholding fields have become an np problem at the same time. the paper puts forward the modified discrete grey wolf optimizer algorithm (mdgwo), which improves on the optimal solution updating mechanism of the search agent by the weights. taking kapur's entropy as the optimized function and based on the discreteness of threshold ... | 2017 | 28127305 |
| poor construction, not time, takes its toll on subsidised fences designed to deter large carnivores. | large carnivore conservation may be considered as successful in sweden, as wolf (canis lupus), lynx (lynx lynx), brown bear (ursus arctos), golden eagles (aquila chrysaetos), and wolverine (gulo gulo) populations have recovered from extinction or near extinction to viable populations during the last three decades. particularly the wolf and lynx populations have returned at the cost of an increasing number of carnivore attacks on domestic livestock. to support coexistence between carnivores and l ... | 2017 | 28394912 |
| transcriptome of the dead: characterisation of immune genes and marker development from necropsy samples in a free-ranging marine mammal. | | 2013 | 23347513 |
| responses of beaver (castor canadensis kuhl) to predator chemicals. | free-ranging beaver (castor canadensis) in two different beaver populations in new york state were exposed to predator chemicals to test feeding inhibition. solvent extracts of feces were applied to stem sections of aspen, the preferred food tree of beavers, permitting smelling and tasting the samples. predator odors were from wolf (canis lupus), coyote (canis latrans), dog (canis familiaris), black bear (ursus americanus), river otter (lutra canadensis), lynx (lynx canadensis), and african lion ... | 1995 | 24234632 |
| influence of group size on the success of wolves hunting bison. | an intriguing aspect of social foraging behaviour is that large groups are often no better at capturing prey than are small groups, a pattern that has been attributed to diminished cooperation (i.e., free riding) in large groups. although this suggests the formation of large groups is unrelated to prey capture, little is known about cooperation in large groups that hunt hard-to-catch prey. here, we used direct observations of yellowstone wolves (canis lupus) hunting their most formidable prey, b ... | 2014 | 25389760 |
| spatial heterogeneity in the strength of plant-herbivore interactions under predation risk: the tale of bison foraging in wolf country. | spatial heterogeneity in the strength of trophic interactions is a fundamental property of food web spatial dynamics. the feeding effort of herbivores should reflect adaptive decisions that only become rewarding when foraging gains exceed 1) the metabolic costs, 2) the missed opportunity costs of not foraging elsewhere, and 3) the foraging costs of anti-predator behaviour. two aspects of these costs remain largely unexplored: the link between the strength of plant-herbivore interactions and the ... | 2013 | 24039909 |
| serological survey of avian influenza virus infection in non-avian wildlife in xinjiang, china. | we conducted a serological survey to detect antibodies against avian influenza virus (aiv) in gazella subgutturosa, canis lupus, capreolus pygargus, sus scrofa, cervus elaphus, capra ibex, ovis ammon, bos grunniens and pseudois nayaur in xinjiang, china. two hundred forty-six sera collected from 2009 to 2013 were assayed for antibodies against h5, h7 and h9 aivs using hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests and a pan-influenza competitive elisa. across all tested wildlife species, 4.47 % harbored ... | 2016 | 26733295 |
| patterns of livestock predation by carnivores: human-wildlife conflict in northwest yunnan, china. | alleviating human-carnivore conflict is central to large carnivore conservation and is often of economic importance, where people coexist with carnivores. in this article, we report on the patterns of predation and economic losses from wild carnivores preying on livestock in three villages of northern baima xueshan nature reserve, northwest yunnan during a 2-year period between january 2010 and december 2011. we analyzed claims from 149 households that 258 head of livestock were predated. wolves ... | 2013 | 24202281 |
| the cattle-wolf dilemma: interactions among three protected species. | this paper utilizes economic valuation to offer a new perspective on livestock rancher-predator conflicts. while most studies have considered losses to the species directly involved, i.e., cattle and wolves (canis lupus), we take into account other species that are threatened by efforts to protect livestock. in this case, vultures (gyps fulvus) and gazelles (gazella gazella), both endangered species, are either poisoned (vultures) or suffer from habitat fragmentation (gazelles) in the upper gali ... | 2017 | 27796488 |
| mutation/snp analysis in ef-hand calcium binding domain of mitochondrial ca[formula: see text] uptake 1 gene in bipolar disorder patients. | calcium signaling is important for synaptic plasticity, generation of brain rhythms, regulating neuronal excitability, data processing and cognition. impairment in calcium homeostasis contributed to the development of psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (bp). mcu is the most important calcium transporter in mitochondria inner membrane responsible for influx of ca[formula: see text]. micu1 is linked with mcu and has two canonical ef hands that are vital for its activity and regulates m ... | 2016 | 27297032 |
| impact of growth hormone (gh) and follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) on in vitro canine preantral follicle development and estradiol production. | evaluate the effect of different concentrations of growth hormone (gh) on the in vitro development of domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris) preantral follicles in the presence or absence of follicle stimulating hormone (fsh). | 2015 | 25604894 |
| cadmium and lead in grey wolf liver samples: optimisation of a microwave-assisted digestion method. | a microwave-assisted digestion method for the determination of cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms) was optimised on certified reference material (crm) (bovine liver, bcr-185r) and wolf liver samples. different factors influencing digestion efficiency (temperature, time, composition of the digestion mixture, sample mass) were tested. validation included linearity (up to 200 μg l(-1) for cd and pb), detection (0.003 μg l(-1) for cd and 0.035 μg l(-1) ... | 2013 | 24084348 |
| complementary dna cloning, sequence analysis, and tissue transcription profile of a novel u2af2 gene from the chinese banna mini-pig inbred line. | u2 small nuclear rna auxiliary factor 2 (u2af2) is an important gene for pre-messenger rna splicing in higher eukaryotes. in this study, the banna mini-pig inbred line (bmi) u2af2 coding sequence (cds) was cloned, sequenced, and characterized. the u2af2 complete cds was amplified using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technique based on the conserved sequence information of cattle and known highly homologous swine expressed sequence tags. this novel gene was deposited ... | 2013 | 23613239 |
| intestinal rupture in a mexican gray wolf (canis lupus baileyi) in association with ingestion of a diazinon-impregnated cattle ear tag. | a free-ranging mexican gray wolf (canis lupus baileyi) suffered intestinal rupture following ingestion of an insecticidal cattle ear tag. subsequent organophosphate toxicosis as a cause of the rupture was speculated. insecticidal ear tags could represent a poisoning risk in canids and other wildlife scavengers. | 2013 | 23307392 |
| molecular cloning and expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in hu sheep. | 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-hsd2) catalyzes the nadp+-dependent oxidation of the most potent estrogen 17β-estradiol into the weak estrogen estrone, and the conversion of testosterone to androstenedione. it has been reported that 17β-hsd2 was expressed in many tissues in human, rats, however, the full-length sequence of 17β-hsd2 gene and its expression in ewe were still unknown. in this study, we cloned the full-length cdna sequence and investigated mrna differential expression i ... | 2013 | 23096084 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multidimensional scaling, binary hierarchical cluster tree and selected diagnostic masses improves species identification of neolithic keratin sequences from furs of the tyrolean iceman oetzi. | the identification of fur origins from the 5300-year-old tyrolean iceman's accoutrement is not yet complete, although definite identification is essential for the socio-cultural context of his epoch. neither have all potential samples been identified so far, nor there has a consensus been reached on the species identified using the classical methods. archaeological hair often lacks analyzable hair scale patterns in microscopic analyses and polymer chain reaction (pcr)-based techniques are often ... | 2012 | 22777774 |
| genome-wide evidence reveals that african and eurasian golden jackals are distinct species. | the golden jackal of africa (canis aureus) has long been considered a conspecific of jackals distributed throughout eurasia, with the nearest source populations in the middle east. however, two recent reports found that mitochondrial haplotypes of some african golden jackals aligned more closely to gray wolves (canis lupus), which is surprising given the absence of gray wolves in africa and the phenotypic divergence between the two species. moreover, these results imply the existence of a previo ... | 2015 | 26234211 |
| molecular characterization of trichinella species from wild animals in israel. | trichinellosis is a worldwide disease caused by nematode worms of the genus trichinella, frequently diagnosed in israel. however, the identity of the israeli isolates have not been studied. here we describe the molecular characterization of 58 isolates collected from jackals (canis aureus), wild boar (sus scrofa), foxes (vulpes vulpes) and a wolf (canis lupus) in central and northern israel. isolates were analyzed using the multiplex pcr analysis encompassing expansion segment v (esv) and intern ... | 2016 | 27838087 |
| dna barcoding of three species (canis aureus, canis lupus and vulpes vulpes) of canidae. | sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene have been used for dna barcoding and determining the genetic diversity of mammal species. in the current study, our intention was to test the validity of coi barcodes for detecting genetic divergence and to reveal whether or not there is a genetic variation at this marker within canids. three species (canis aureus, canis lupus and vulpes vulpes) from the family canidae were selected for dna barcoding using samples collected ... | 2016 | 27180732 |
| phylogeography of the golden jackal (canis aureus) in india. | the golden jackal (canis aureus) is one of the most common and widely distributed carnivores in india but phylogeographic studies on the species have been limited across its range. recent studies have observed absence of mitochondrial (mt) dna diversity in european populations while some north african populations of golden jackal were found to carry gray wolf (canis lupus lupaster) mtdna lineages. in the present study, we sequenced 440 basepairs (bp) of control region (cr) and 412 bp of cytochro ... | 2015 | 26414163 |
| the cryptic african wolf: canis aureus lupaster is not a golden jackal and is not endemic to egypt. | the egyptian jackal (canis aureus lupaster) has hitherto been considered a large, rare subspecies of the golden jackal (c. aureus). it has maintained its taxonomical status to date, despite studies demonstrating morphological similarities to the grey wolf (c. lupus). we have analyzed 2055 bp of mitochondrial dna from c. a. lupaster and investigated the similarity to c. aureus and c. lupus. through phylogenetic comparison with all wild wolf-like canids (based on 726 bp of the cytochrome b gene) w ... | 2011 | 21298107 |
| [studies on the digestive physiology of the wolf (canis lupus l.), dingo (canis dingo l.) and jackal (canis aureus l.). ii. digestive capacity of the pancreas, duodenum and salivary glands; size of the digestive system; weight of internal organs]. | | 2007 | 14196030 |
| [studies on the digestive physiology of the wolf (canis lupus l.), dingo (canis dingo l.) and jackal (canis aureus l.). i. effect of histamine on the course of digestive-excretory processes of the stomach under morphine-eunarcon anesthesia]. | | 2013 | 14196029 |
| ancient himalayan wolf (canis lupus chanco) lineage in upper mustang of the annapurna conservation area, nepal. | the taxonomic status of the wolf (canis lupus) in nepal's trans-himalaya is poorly understood. recent genetic studies have revealed the existence of three lineages of wolves in the indian sub-continent. of these, the himalayan wolf, canis lupus chanco, has been reported to be the most ancient lineage historically distributed within the nepal himalaya. these wolves residing in the trans-himalayan region have been suggested to be smaller and very different from the european wolf. during october 20 ... | 2016 | 27199590 |
| revisiting the concept of behavior patterns in animal behavior with an example from food-caching sequences in wolves (canis lupus), coyotes (canis latrans), and red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | we discuss the history, conceptualization, and relevance of behavior patterns in modern ethology by explaining the evolution of the concepts of fixed action patterns and modal action patterns. we present the movement toward a more flexible concept of natural action sequences with significant degrees of (production and expressive) freedom. an example is presented with the food caching behavior of three canidae species: red fox (vulpes vulpes), coyote (canis latrans) and gray wolf (canis lupus). e ... | 2015 | 25446624 |
| a continental scale trophic cascade from wolves through coyotes to foxes. | top-down processes, via the direct and indirect effects of interspecific competitive killing (no consumption of the kill) or intraguild predation (consumption of the kill), can potentially influence the spatial distribution of terrestrial predators, but few studies have demonstrated the phenomenon at a continental scale. for example, in north america, grey wolves canis lupus are known to kill coyotes canis latrans, and coyotes, in turn, may kill foxes vulpes spp., but the spatial effects of thes ... | 2015 | 24930631 |
| production of hybrids between western gray wolves and western coyotes. | using artificial insemination we attempted to produce hybrids between captive, male, western, gray wolves (canis lupus) and female, western coyotes (canis latrans) to determine whether their gametes would be compatible and the coyotes could produce and nurture offspring. the results contribute new information to an ongoing controversy over whether the eastern wolf (canis lycaon) is a valid unique species that could be subject to the u. s. endangered species act. attempts with transcervically dep ... | 2014 | 24586418 |
| inter-specific territoriality in a canis hybrid zone: spatial segregation between wolves, coyotes, and hybrids. | gray wolves (canis lupus) and coyotes (canis latrans) generally exhibit intraspecific territoriality manifesting in spatial segregation between adjacent packs. however, previous studies have found a high degree of interspecific spatial overlap between sympatric wolves and coyotes. eastern wolves (canis lycaon) are the most common wolf in and around algonquin provincial park (app), ontario, canada and hybridize with sympatric gray wolves and coyotes. we hypothesized that all canis types (wolves, ... | 2013 | 23864253 |
| successful cloning of coyotes through interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer using domestic dog oocytes. | interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iscnt) is an emerging assisted reproductive technology (art) for preserving nature's diversity. the scarcity of oocytes from some species makes utilisation of readily available oocytes inevitable. in the present study, we describe the successful cloning of coyotes (canis latrans) through iscnt using oocytes from domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris or dingo). transfer of 320 interspecies-reconstructed embryos into 22 domestic dog recipients resulted i ... | 2013 | 23217630 |
| quantity discrimination in wolves (canis lupus). | quantity discrimination has been studied extensively in different non-human animal species. in the current study, we tested 11 hand-raised wolves (canis lupus) in a two-way choice task. we placed a number of food items (one to four) sequentially into two opaque cans and asked the wolves to choose the larger amount. moreover, we conducted two additional control conditions to rule out non-numerical properties of the presentation that the animals might have used to make the correct choice. our resu ... | 2012 | 23181044 |
| canid hybridization: contemporary evolution in human-modified landscapes. | contemporary evolution through human-induced hybridization occurs throughout the taxonomic range. formerly allopatric species appear especially susceptible to hybridization. consequently, hybridization is expected to be more common in regions with recent sympatry owing to human activity than in areas of historical range overlap. coyotes (canis latrans) and gray wolves (c. lupus) are historically sympatric in western north america. following european settlement gray wolf range contracted, whereas ... | 2012 | 23139873 |
| a shared system of representation governing quantity discrimination in canids. | one way to investigate the evolution of cognition is to compare the abilities of phylogenetically related species. the domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris), for example, still shares cognitive abilities with the coyote (canis latrans). both of these canids possess the ability to make psychophysical "less/more" discriminations of food based on quantity. like many other species including humans, this ability is mediated by weber's law: discrimination of continuous quantities is dependent on the r ... | 2012 | 23060847 |
| the origin of the tibetan mastiff and species identification of canis based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene and coi barcoding. | dna barcoding is an effective technique to identify species and analyze phylogenesis and evolution. however, research on and application of dna barcoding in canis have not been carried out. in this study, we analyzed two species of canis, canis lupus (n = 115) and canis latrans (n = 4), using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene (1545 bp) and coi barcoding (648 bp dna sequence of the coi gene). the results showed that the coi gene, as the moderate variant sequence, applied to the analys ... | 2011 | 22440462 |
| evolution in coyotes (canis latrans) in response to the megafaunal extinctions. | living coyotes modify their behavior in the presence of larger carnivores, such as wolves. however, little is known about the effects of competitor presence or absence on morphological change in coyotes or wolves over long periods of time. we examined the evolution of coyotes and wolves through time from the late pleistocene, during which many large carnivorous species coexisted as predators and competitors, to the recent; this allowed us to investigate evolutionary changes in these species in r ... | 2012 | 22371581 |
| complete sequence of the tibetan mastiff mitochondrial genome and its phylogenetic relationship with other canids ( canis, canidae). | in this study, the complete sequence of the tibetan mastiff mitochondrial genome (mtdna) was determined, and the phylogenetic relationships between the tibetan mastiff and other species of canidae were analyzed using the coyote (canis latrans) as an outgroup. the complete nucleotide sequence of the tibetan mastiff mtdna was 16 710 bp, and included 22 trna genes, 2s rrna gene, 13 protein-coding genes and one non-coding region (d-loop region), which is similar to other mammalian mitochondrial geno ... | 2011 | 22440697 |
| native great lakes wolves were not restored. | wolves from the great lakes area were historically decimated due to habitat loss and predator control programmes. under the protection of the us endangered species act, the population has rebounded to approximately 3000 individuals. we show that the pre-recovery population was dominated by mitochondrial dna haplotypes from an endemic american wolf referred to here as the great lakes wolf. in contrast, the recent population is admixed, and probably derives also from the grey wolf (canis lupus) of ... | 2008 | 17956840 |
| does interference competition with wolves limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes? | interference competition with wolves canis lupus is hypothesized to limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes canis latrans, and the extirpation of wolves is often invoked to explain the expansion in coyote range throughout much of north america. we used spatial, seasonal and temporal heterogeneity in wolf distribution and abundance to test the hypothesis that interference competition with wolves limits the distribution and abundance of coyotes. from august 2001 to august 2004, we gathered ... | 2007 | 17922704 |
| serologic survey of trichinellosis in wild mammals kept in a mexico city zoo. | a serologic survey of trichinella infection was carried out to determine the prevalence of this parasitosis among wild mammals kept in captivity at the chapultepec zoo. this was prompted by the necropsy finding of a heavy trichinella infection in a canadian polar bear (ursus maritimus) that had been kept at the zoo for more than 11 years. the parasites recovered were identified as t. nativa (t2). a serologic study based on elisa and western blot analysis was performed in serum samples from two p ... | 1996 | 9017871 |
| traumatic, degenerative, and developmental lesions in wolves and coyotes from saskatchewan. | a retrospective review was done of traumatic and osseous lesions in 241 wolves (canis lupus) and 316 coyotes (canis latrans) necropsied at the university of saskatchewan between 1971 and 1990. most lesions were the result of interspecific conflict. the most frequently occurring lesion in wolves was fracture of one or more bones, primarily ribs. lesions were healed in most cases and appeared to be compatible with injuries caused by prey animals. one wolf, found dead, died as a result of thoracic ... | 1992 | 1602579 |
| hematologic values of the endangered san joaquin kit fox, vulpes macrotis mutica. | between 1981 and 1982 blood samples were collected from 64 adult san joaquin kit foxes, vulpes macrotis mutica, in western kern county, california. the goal of the study was to establish normal blood values for this endangered species, and to determine whether changes in them could be used to assess the possible effects of petroleum developments on these foxes. none of the values differed significantly between the sexes, or between foxes sampled in developed habitats compared with foxes sampled ... | 1987 | 3820416 |
| helminths in coyotes (canis latrans say), wolves (canis lupus l.), and red foxes (vulpes vulpes l.) of southwestern manitoba. | | 1978 | 751709 |