| incubation period and risk factors support sexual transmission of bacterial vaginosis in women who have sex with women. | the epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis (bv) favours sexual transmission of bv-associated bacteria. we examined incubation period and risk factors for incident bv (ibv) in a prospective study of women who have sex with women (wsw). | 2019 | 30872415 |
| prognostic indicators of recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. | following all forms of therapy for bacterial vaginosis (bv), recurrence rates are extremely high. many diagnostic tests are available that differentiate bacterial vaginosis from other types of vaginal disorders, but none predict recurrence after treatment, nor are any vetted for monitoring ongoing responses to treatment. our goal was to determine which tests, and at what optimal times, have prognostic value in predicting recurrence. this prospective cohort study monitored 74 highly recurrent bv ... | 2019 | 30842235 |
| combined oral contraceptive pill-exposure alone does not reduce the risk of bacterial vaginosis recurrence in a pilot randomised controlled trial. | we conducted a pilot open-label randomised controlled trial of combined (oestrogen-progesterone) oral contraceptive pill (cocp)-exposure aimed to examine its effect on bv-recurrence following first-line antibiotics compared to antibiotics alone. ninety-five women with symptomatic bv were prescribed antibiotic therapy, randomised to cocp-exposure (intervention) or current non-hormonal contraceptive practices (control) and followed monthly for six-months or until bv-recurrence. modified intention- ... | 2019 | 30837554 |
| estimating age-dependent survival from age-aggregated ringing data-extending the use of historical records. | bird ring-recovery data have been widely used to estimate demographic parameters such as survival probabilities since the mid-20th century. however, while the total number of birds ringed each year is usually known, historical information on age at ringing is often not available. a standard ring-recovery model, for which information on age at ringing is required, cannot be used when historical data are incomplete. we develop a new model to estimate age-dependent survival probabilities from such ... | 2019 | 30766667 |
| screening for multiple tick-borne pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks from birds in denmark during spring and autumn migration seasons. | presently, it is uncertain to what extent seasonal migrating birds contribute to the introduction of ticks and tick-associated pathogens in denmark. to quantify this phenomenon, we captured birds during the spring and autumn migration at three field sites in denmark and screened them for ticks. bird-derived ticks were identified to tick species and screened for 37 tick-borne pathogens using real-time pcr. overall, 807 birds, representing 44 bird species, were captured and examined for ticks duri ... | 2019 | 30709658 |
| exposure to pb impairs breeding success and is associated with longer lifespan in urban european blackbirds. | although several factors have been highlighted to explain the influence of urbanization on bird fitness and survival, the role of persistent toxicants such as lead (pb), which is typically present in urban areas worldwide, has seldom been studied despite the ecological importance of such a widespread stressor. studying free-living european blackbirds (turdus merula) in city parks, we tested the hypothesis that low-dose chronic exposure to pb could shape the life-history traits of urban birds. th ... | 2019 | 30679484 |
| haemoproteus minutus is highly virulent for australasian and south american parrots. | haemoproteus and plasmodium species are widespread avian blood parasites. several plasmodium species are known for their high virulence and have caused significant declines in naïve bird populations. the impact of closely related haemoproteus parasites is largely unknown. recently we reported a lethal disease in two parrot aviaries caused by haemoproteus parasites. | 2019 | 30654841 |
| different competence as a lyme borreliosis causative agent reservoir found in two thrush species: the blackbird (turdus merula) and the song thrush (turdus philomelos). | passerine birds are significantly involved in the dissemination of borreliella spp. bacteria (formerly borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex), the causative agent of most common and important tick-spread disease lyme borreliosis. among several dozen investigated passerine bird species, thrushes (turdidae) have been reported as a relatively good pathogen reservoirs and disseminators. the principal aim of the study was to identify the differences in borreliella spp. reservoir competence between ... | 2019 | 30615582 |
| vaginal microbiome variances in sample groups categorized by clinical criteria of bacterial vaginosis. | one of the most common and recurrent vaginal infections is bacterial vaginosis (bv). the diagnosis is based on changes to the "normal" vaginal microbiome; however, the normal microbiome appears to differ according to reproductive status and ethnicity, and even among individuals within these groups. the amsel criteria and nugent score test are widely used for diagnosing bv; however, these tests are based on different criteria, and so may indicate distinct changes in the vaginal microbial communit ... | 2018 | 30598080 |
| revision of the genus megacraspedus zeller, 1839, a challenging taxonomic tightrope of species delimitation (lepidoptera, gelechiidae). | the taxonomy of the palearctic genus megacraspedus zeller, 1839 (lepidoptera, gelechiidae) is revised, based on external morphology, genitalia and dna barcodes. an integrative taxonomic approach supports the existence of 85 species which are arranged in 24 species groups (disputed taxa from other faunal regions are discussed). morphology of all species is described and figured in detail. for 35 species both sexes are described; for 46 species only the male sex is reported, in one species the mal ... | 2018 | 30532621 |
| comparing the effect of sucrose gel and metronidazole gel in treatment of clinical symptoms of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial. | lactobacilli, as normal vaginal flora, have a central role in controlling body environment and preventing the growth of pathogens. sucrose, by promoting the growth of lactobacilli, accelerates the suppression of pathogenic bacteria. the aim of this research was to compare the effects of sucrose gel with those of metronidazole gel in treating women with bacterial vaginosis (bv). | 2018 | 30367673 |
| taxonomic study of the genus evergestis hübner, 1825 (lepidoptera: crambidae: glaphyriinae) in iran with description of a new species. | the iranian species of the genus evergestis were reviewed taxonomically and as a result, evergestis pazukii sp. n. is described as a new species, e. comealis amsel stat. n. is raised to species level from the subspecies e. caesialis comealis, and four species, namely e. flavifuscalis rebel, e. limbata (linnaeus), e. pechi (bethune-baker), and e. serratalis staudinger are newly reported from iran. furthermore, the females of evergestis africalis (guenée), and e. nomadalis (lederer), and the male ... | 2018 | 30313551 |
| high susceptibility of the laboratory-reared biting midges culicoides nubeculosus to haemoproteus infections, with review on culicoides species that transmit avian haemoproteids. | haemosporidian parasites belonging to haemoproteus cause avian diseases, however, vectors remain unidentified for the majority of described species. we used the laboratory-reared biting midges culicoides nubeculosus to determine if the sporogonic development of three widespread haemoproteus parasites completes in this insect. the midges were reared and fed on one common blackbird, white wagtail and thrush nightingale naturally infected with haemoproteus minutus, haemoproteus motacillae and haemo ... | 2019 | 30176948 |
| infrared thermography provides insight into the thermal properties of bird nests. | thermal properties of nests have been investigated using a variety of techniques. infrared (ir) thermography has the advantage of being a non-invasive technique allowing the integrity of the nest wall to be retained during measurement. this study investigated the insulative properties of nests of the eurasian bullfinch (pyrrhula pyrrhula), the common blackbird (turdus merula) and the song thrush (turdus philomelos) using ir thermography. nests were inverted over a heat source and the temperature ... | 2018 | 30143304 |
| effect of vaginal suppository on bacterial vaginitis based on persian medicine (iranian traditional medicine): a randomised double blind clinical study. | this trial was conducted on 127 women aged 18-50 years with bacterial vaginosis to compare the vaginal suppository of metronidazole with forzejeh, a vaginal suppository of herbal persian medicine combination of tribulus terrestris, myrtus commuis, foeniculum vulgare and tamarindus indica. the patients (63 in metronidazole group and 64 in forzejeh group) received the medications for 1 week. their symptoms including the amount and odour of discharge and cervical pain were assessed using a question ... | 2018 | 30084707 |
| two new species of brusqeulia razowski & becker, 2000 from the neotropics, with comments on the systematic position of the genus in relation to the apolychrosis amsel, 1962 group of genera (lepidoptera, tortricidae, cochylini). | two new species of the neotropical genus brusqeulia razowski & becker, 2000, are described and illustrated: b. yunkensis pérez santa-rita & baixeras, sp. n. from bolivia and b. araguensis pérez sant-rita & baixeras, sp. n. from venezuela. the systematic position and diagnostic characters of the genus are reviewed, resulting in the synonymy of pinhaisania razowski & becker, 2000, with brusqeulia, and the combination b. crispula (razowski & becker, 2000), comb. n. new characters of the female geni ... | 2018 | 30002594 |
| ghrelin, corticosterone and the resumption of migration from stopover, an automated telemetry study. | the spectacular natural phenomenon of avian migration is evidently shaped by physical factors, but we know little about the underlying physiological regulation. this contrast is especially apparent for the process of departure on a migratory flight. the decision to resume migration is shaped by a suite of departure cues from innate rhythms, and intrinsic and extrinsic factors. it currently appears that these departure cues are translated into actual departure by the hormone corticosterone, but o ... | 2018 | 29958878 |
| multicenter study establishing the clinical validity of a nucleic-acid amplification-based assay for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. | the present study sought to validate the clinical performance of a previously described pcr-based assay for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (bv). a total of 1579 patients were enrolled in 5 locations; samples were classified as bv positive (n=538) or negative (n=1,041) based on an algorithm utilizing quantitative gram-stain analysis of vaginal discharge and clinical evaluation (amsel criteria); a next-generation sequencing (ngs) approach to determining diversity of vaginal microbiota was us ... | 2018 | 29937222 |
| identification of key bacteria involved in the induction of incident bacterial vaginosis: a prospective study. | the sequence of events preceding incident bacterial vaginosis (ibv) is unclear. | 2018 | 29718358 |
| vaginitis: diagnosis and treatment. | vaginitis is defined as any condition with symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge, odor, irritation, itching, or burning. the most common causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. bacterial vaginosis is implicated in 40% to 50% of cases when a cause is identified, with vulvovaginal candidiasis accounting for 20% to 25% and trichomoniasis for 15% to 20% of cases. noninfectious causes, including atrophic, irritant, allergic, and inflammatory vaginit ... | 2018 | 29671516 |
| nest predation risk modifies nestlings' immune function depending on the level of threat. | predation risk is thought to modify the physiology of prey mainly through the stress response. however, little is known about its potential effects on the immunity of animals, particularly in young individuals, despite the importance of overcoming wounding and pathogen aggression following a predator attack. we investigated the effect of four progressive levels of nest predation risk on several components of the immune system in common blackbird (turdus merula) nestlings by presenting them with ... | 2018 | 29666198 |
| the stimulation of the vaginal immune system with short-term administration of a vaginal gel containing fraction of propionibacterium acnes, hyaluronic acid and polycarbophil is efficacious in vaginal infections dependent on disorders in the vaginal ecosystem. | the vaginal immune system (vis) is the first defense against antigens recognized as foreign. substances capable of locally activating the vis could be a valid strategy to treat vulvo-vaginal infections (vvi), caused by changes in the vaginal ecosystem, such as bacterial vaginosis (bv), vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (ca), and mixed vaginitis (mv). bacterial lysates, obtained by crushing bacterial cultures, exert immuno-modulatory activities. the parietal fraction from propionibacterium acnes is a pat ... | 2018 | 29648469 |
| urban blackbirds have shorter telomeres. | urbanization, one of the most extreme human-induced environmental changes, represents a major challenge for many organisms. anthropogenic habitats can have opposing effects on different fitness components, for example, by decreasing starvation risk but also health status. assessment of the net fitness effect of anthropogenic habitats is therefore difficult. telomere length is associated with phenotypic quality and mortality rate in many species, and the rate of telomere shortening is considered ... | 2018 | 29563283 |
| use of copper intrauterine device is not associated with higher bacterial vaginosis prevalence in thai hiv-positive women. | the study assessed and compared bacterial vaginosis (bv) prevalence in thai women in reproductive age in four study groups - group 1, hiv-positive with copper intrauterine device (cu-iud); group 2, hiv-positive without cu-iud; group 3, hiv-negative with cu-iud; and group 4, hiv-negative without cu-iud. we conducted a cross-sectional study. bv prevalence was assessed by nugent score and amsel criteria. descriptive statistics was used to present baseline characteristics; kwallis rank test - to com ... | 2018 | 29548268 |
| a hidden cost of migration? innate immune function versus antioxidant defense. | migration is energetically demanding and physiologically challenging. migrating birds, for example, need to boost their antioxidant defenses to defeat the pro-oxidants produced during high energetic activity. the enhanced antioxidant defense possibly withdraws limited resources (e.g., energy or micronutrients) from other physiological functions, such as immune defense. such a trade-off might not occur outside the migration seasons or in resident individuals. here, we investigate whether there is ... | 2018 | 29531689 |
| the effect of calendula officinalis versus metronidazole on bacterial vaginosis in women: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a common disorder among women of reproductive age. this study aimed to compare the effect of a calendula officinalis extract-based cream and metronidazole on bv among women of reproductive age. in this study, 80 women of reproductive age with bv were randomly assigned to the c. officinalis (n = 40) or metronidazole (n = 40). diagnosis of bv was confirmed when at least 3 of the 4 amsel criteria were met (ph >4.5, whitish grey or thin homogeneous discharge, release of a ... | 2020 | 29441319 |
| cues, corticosterone and departure decisions in a partial migrant. | most migrating birds make multiple stopovers to fuel and/or rest. the decision to resume migration from stopover is based on various cues, such as time within the season and wind conditions. there are hints that the strength of these departure cues shapes corticosterone level, which in its turn appears to regulate the timing of departure. we here provide results that very strongly indicate that indeed departure cues jointly shape corticosterone level of migrants at stopover. we compared corticos ... | 2018 | 29397064 |
| a preclinical animal study of a novel, simple, and secure duct and vessel occluder for laparoscopic surgery. | secure occlusion of large blood vessels and ductal structures is critical to all surgeries and remains a challenge in many minimally invasive procedures. this study compares in vivo use of the amsel occluder (ao) for secure laparoscopic blood vessel and duct closure, with one of the many commercially available hemoclips (ligaclip®), in the porcine model. | 2018 | 29340822 |
| [diagnosis of vaginal discharge]. | changes in vaginal discharge are often caused by imbalance in the vaginal microflora, and laboratory testing is usually of little use, as most microbes detected are commensals. in-office diagnosis in general practice using wet mount microscopy and amsel criteria is helpful and often sufficient to ensure correct diagnosis and treatment. laboratory testing of vaginal discharge should only be performed, if sexually transmitted disease is suspected, if there is treatment failure or inconclusive wet ... | 2018 | 29336298 |
| combined oral and topical antimicrobial therapy for male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis: acceptability, tolerability and impact on the genital microbiota of couples - a pilot study. | recurrence following recommended treatment for bacterial vaginosis is unacceptably high. while the pathogenesis of recurrence is not well understood, recent evidence indicates re-infection from sexual partners is likely to play a role. the aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and tolerability of topical and oral antimicrobial therapy in male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (bv), and to investigate the impact of dual-partner treatment on the vaginal and penile microbiota. | 2018 | 29293559 |
| characterization of a de novo assembled transcriptome of the common blackbird (turdus merula). | in recent years, next generation high throughput sequencing technologies have proven to be useful tools for investigations concerning the genomics or transcriptomics also of non-model species. consequently, ornithologists have adopted these technologies and the respective bioinformatics tools to survey the genomes and transcriptomes of a few avian non-model species. the common blackbird is one of the most common bird species living in european cities, which has successfully colonized urban areas ... | 2017 | 29255646 |
| redox imbalance correlates with high nugent score in bacterial vaginosis. | the main goal of this work was to highlight the significance of redox imbalance in the pathophysiology of bacterial vaginosis (bv). we studied the pro-oxidant (malondialdehyde) and antioxidants (glutathione, total antioxidant capacity) in the vaginal fluids of women and compared them on the basis of their nugent score (ns). | 2018 | 29239072 |
| efficacy and safety of vaginally administered lyophilized lactobacillus crispatus ip 174178 in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis recurrence. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a recurrent disease in women despite treatment by antibiotics. this study investigated the impact of a vaginal probiotic, lactobacillus crispatus ip174178* (lc), on the rate of recurrence and time to recurrence. | 2018 | 29196153 |
| migration confers winter survival benefits in a partially migratory songbird. | to evolve and to be maintained, seasonal migration, despite its risks, has to yield fitness benefits compared with year-round residency. empirical data supporting this prediction have remained elusive in the bird literature. to test fitness related benefits of migration, we studied a partial migratory population of european blackbirds (turdus merula) over 7 years. using a combination of capture-mark-recapture and radio telemetry, we compared survival probabilities between migrants and residents ... | 2017 | 29157357 |
| effect of a yoghurt drink containing lactobacillus strains on bacterial vaginosis in women - a double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical pilot trial. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is characterised by a depletion of lactobacilli in favour of an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. it is associated with increased risk for urogenital infections and abortion. in this study we assessed the effect of a yoghurt drink containing lactobacillus strains on bv. the strains had been isolated from healthy pregnant women and selected for acidification capacity, production of h2o2, glycogen utilisation, bile salt tolerance and inhibition of pathogens. using amsel cr ... | 2018 | 29065710 |
| normative ratings for perceptual and motor attributes of 750 object concepts in spanish. | subjective ratings of perceptual and motor attributes were obtained for a set of 750 concrete concepts in spanish by requiring scale-based judgments from a sample of university students (n = 539). following on the work of amsel, urbach, and kutas (2012), the seven attributes were color, motion, sound, smell, taste, graspability, and pain. normative data based on the obtained ratings are provided as a tool for future investigations. additionally, the relationships of these attributes to other lex ... | 2018 | 29052168 |
| the effect of prebiotic vaginal gel with adjuvant oral metronidazole tablets on treatment and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis: a triple-blind randomized controlled study. | bacterial vaginosis is a change in the normal vaginal bacterial flora that leads to loss of hydrogen peroxide producing lactobacilli and overgrowth of predominantly anaerobic bacteria. the present study was conducted to compare the effects of prebiotic vaginal gel with oral metronidazole tablet and metronidazole tablet alone on treatment and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. | 2018 | 28983665 |
| bacterial biota of women with bacterial vaginosis treated with lactoferrin: an open prospective randomized trial. | background: bacterial vaginosis is the most frequent condition associated to the vaginal microbiota imbalance, affecting about the 40-50% of women in the world. even if antibiotics are effcetive for bacterial vaginosis treatment a long-term recurrence rates, higher than 70%, is recorded. lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein with bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. it owns the ability to protect the host against infection, by binding and regulating the iron needed for the bacterial ... | 2017 | 28959181 |
| corrigendum to: avian gut passage reduces seed exit costs in sorbus aucuparia (rosaceae) as measured by a diametral compression test. | reduced seed exit costs have been suggested to explain advanced seedling emergence and increased seedling growth in sorbus aucuparia l. (rosaceae; rowan) following turdus spp. (turdidae; thrush) gut passage. in the present study, seed coat tension strength of turdus merula l. (turdidae; blackbird) gut-passed and non-ingested control seeds were tested with a diametral compression test. both maximum load (n) and work (mj) required for opening the seeds were reduced in gut-passed seeds, although sc ... | 2006 | 32689269 |
| research note: avian gut passage reduces seed exit costs in sorbus aucuparia (rosaceae) as measured by a diametral compression test. | reduced seed exit costs have been suggested to explain advanced seedling emergence and increased seedling growth in sorbus aucuparia l. (rosaceae; rowan) following turdus spp. (turdidae; thrush) gut passage. in the present study, seed coat tension strength of turdus merula l. (turdidae; blackbird) gut-passed and non-ingested control seeds were tested with a diametral compression test. both maximum load (n) and work (mj) required for opening the seeds were reduced in gut-passed seeds, although sc ... | 2006 | 32689246 |
| a bacterially-expressed recombinant envelope protein from usutu virus induces neutralizing antibodies in rabbits. | recently, an emerging flavivirus, usutu virus (usuv), has caused an epidemic among birds in europe, resulting in a massive die-off in eurasian blackbirds. currently found only in europe and africa, it can be envisioned that usutu virus will follow the path of other flaviviruses, like west nile virus and zika virus, and will spread via its mosquito vectors and bird hosts to other parts of the world. several cases of human infections by usutu virus have already been published. anticipating this sp ... | 2021 | 33669414 |
| a sentinel serological study in selected zoo animals to assess early detection of west nile and usutu virus circulation in slovenia. | monitoring infectious diseases is a crucial part of preventive veterinary medicine in zoological collections. this zoo environment contains a great variety of animal species that are in contact with wildlife species as a potential source of infectious diseases. wild birds may be a source of west nile virus (wnv) and usutu (usuv) virus, which are both emerging pathogens of rising concern. the aim of this study was to use zoo animals as sentinels for the early detection of wnv and usuv in slovenia ... | 2021 | 33917545 |
| west nile and usutu viruses' surveillance in birds of the province of ferrara, italy, from 2015 to 2019. | west nile (wnv) and usutu (usuv) viruses are mosquito-borne flaviviruses. thanks to their importance as zoonotic diseases, a regional plan for surveillance of arboviruses was implemented in emilia-romagna in 2009. the province of ferrara belongs to the emilia-romagna region, and it is an endemic territory for these viruses, with favorable ecological conditions for abundance of mosquitoes and wild birds. from 2015 to 2019, we collected 1842 dead-found birds at a wildlife rehabilitation center, wh ... | 2021 | 34372573 |
| migratory birds as disseminators of ticks and the tick-borne pathogens borrelia bacteria and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus: a seasonal study at ottenby bird observatory in south-eastern sweden. | birds can act as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens and can also disperse pathogen-containing ticks to both nearby and remote localities. the aims of this study were to estimate tick infestation patterns on migratory birds and the prevalence of different borrelia species and tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in ticks removed from birds in south-eastern sweden. | 2020 | 33272317 |
| elevated risk of bacterial vaginosis among users of the copper intrauterine device: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. | limited evidence suggests that the nonhormonal contraceptive copper intrauterine device (cu-iud) may increase bacterial vaginosis (bv) risk, possibly due to increased volume and duration of menses, a common side effect of cu-iud use. although increases in bleeding typically resolve within 6-12 months following initiation, evaluations of the association between cu-iud and bv have not included more than 6 months of follow-up. | 2021 | 32505132 |