| unlike in drosophila meroistic ovaries, hippo represses notch in blattella germanica panoistic ovaries, triggering the mitosis-endocycle switch in the follicular cells. | during insect oogenesis, the follicular epithelium undergoes both cell proliferation and apoptosis, thus modulating ovarian follicle growth. the hippo pathway is key in these processes, and has been thoroughly studied in the meroistic ovaries of drosophila melanogaster. however, nothing is known about the role of the hippo pathway in primitive panoistic ovaries. this work examines the mrna expression levels of the main components of the hippo pathway in the panoistic ovary of the basal insect sp ... | 2014 | 25426635 |
| an overview of german cockroach, blattella germanica, studies conducted in iran. | the control and elimination of german cockroach, the most important worldwide pest species, has been an economic and public health success. too many studies have been conducted in iran, whereas these researches was scattered in form of national and international articles that has needed to add up of them in an overview article. with doing of this work the way is smooth to future studies and the strategies of these studies will be distinguished. this article is outlook in direction of above aims. ... | 2010 | 21313881 |
| hierarchical genetic analysis of german cockroach (blattella germanica) populations from within buildings to across continents. | understanding the population structure of species that disperse primarily by human transport is essential to predicting and controlling human-mediated spread of invasive species. the german cockroach (blattella germanica) is a widespread urban invader that can actively disperse within buildings but is spread solely by human-mediated dispersal over longer distances; however, its population structure is poorly understood. using microsatellite markers we investigated population structure at several ... | 2014 | 25020136 |
| the mekre93 (methoprene tolerant-krüppel homolog 1-e93) pathway in the regulation of insect metamorphosis, and the homology of the pupal stage. | recent studies on transcription factor e93 revealed that it triggers adult morphogenesis in blattella germanica, tribolium castaneum and drosophila melanogaster. moreover, we show here that krüppel homolog 1 (kr-h1), a transducer of the antimetamorphic action of juvenile hormone (jh), represses e93 expression. kr-h1 is upstream of e93, and upstream of kr-h1 is methoprene-tolerant (met), the latter being the jh receptor in hemimetabolan and holometabolan species. as such, the met - kr-h1 - e93 pa ... | 2014 | 25008785 |
| circadian regulation of permethrin susceptibility by glutathione s-transferase (bggstd1) in the german cockroach (blattella germanica). | the daily susceptibility rhythm to permethrin and the expression level of the delta class glutathione s-transferase (bggstd1) gene were investigated in blattella germanica. male cockroaches were exposed to the same concentration of permethrin at different times in a light-dark cycle, and results showed that the highest resistance occurred at night. furthermore, the circadian rhythmicity of permethrin susceptibility was demonstrated by the highest resistance at subjective night under constant dar ... | 2014 | 24819204 |
| transcription factor e93 specifies adult metamorphosis in hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. | all immature animals undergo remarkable morphological and physiological changes to become mature adults. in winged insects, metamorphic changes either are limited to a few tissues (hemimetaboly) or involve a complete reorganization of most tissues and organs (holometaboly). despite the differences, the genetic switch between immature and adult forms in both types of insects relies on the disappearance of the antimetamorphic juvenile hormone (jh) and the transcription factors krüppel-homolog 1 (k ... | 2014 | 24778249 |
| receptor for advanced glycation end products and its ligand high-mobility group box-1 mediate allergic airway sensitization and airway inflammation. | the receptor for advanced glycation end products (rage) shares common ligands and signaling pathways with tlr4, a key mediator of house dust mite (dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) (hdm) sensitization. we hypothesized that rage and its ligand high-mobility group box-1 (hmgb1) cooperate with tlr4 to mediate hdm sensitization. | 2014 | 24506934 |
| human β-defensin hbd3 binds to immobilized bla g2 from the german cockroach (blattella germanica). | human β-defensin 3 (hbd3) is a small, well-characterized peptide in mucosal secretions with broad antimicrobial activities and diverse innate immune functions. among these functions is the ability of hbd3 to bind to antigens. in this study, we hypothesize that hbd3 binds to the allergen bla g2 from the german cockroach (blattella germanica). the ability of hbd1 (used as a control β-defensin) and hbd3 to bind to bla g2 and human serum albumin (hsa, used as a control ligand) was assessed using the ... | 2014 | 24495736 |
| persistence of double-stranded rna in insect hemolymph as a potential determiner of rna interference success: evidence from manduca sexta and blattella germanica. | rna interference (rnai) is a specific gene silencing mechanism mediated by double-stranded rna (dsrna), which has been harnessed as a useful reverse genetics tool in insects. unfortunately, however, this technology has been limited by the variable sensitivity of insect species to rnai. we propose that rapid degradation of dsrna in insect hemolymph could impede gene silencing by rnai and experimentally investigate the dynamics of dsrna persistence in two insects, the tobacco hornworm, manduca sex ... | 2013 | 22664137 |
| differential physiological responses of the german cockroach to social interactions during the ovarian cycle. | in many animal species, social interactions can influence the morphology, physiology and behavior of individuals, including their rate of development and reproduction. reproduction in cockroaches is regulated by juvenile hormone iii (jh), and social interactions have been shown to accelerate female reproduction in the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.), by stimulating jh production. however, it is not clear in this or any other insect species whether social facilitation of the reproducti ... | 2012 | 22660777 |
| super-induction of dicer-2 expression by alien double-stranded rnas: an evolutionary ancient response to viral infection? | dicer-2 is a ribonuclease involved in the insect rnai pathway. on attempting to knockdown dicer-2 expression in the insect blattella germanica by rnai, we found that treatment with dicer-2 dsrna upregulated the targeted mrna. this unexpected result was also observed after treating with a nucleopolyhedrovirus dsrna. experiments with this alien dsrna showed an all-or-none response with a threshold for inducing dicer-2 upregulation between 0.4 and 0.04 μg in terms of dsrna concentration and between ... | 2012 | 22562088 |
| susceptibility of field populations of blattella germanica (blattaria: blattellidae) to spinosad. | the german cockroach is an important household insect pest worldwide and acts as a mechanical vector and reservoir for pathogenic agents. the aim of this study was to examine the basic laboratory toxicity of blattella germanica to spinosad. the m, t, a22, azar4, boostan7 and aban21 strains were collected from field populations of six infested kitchen student dormitories and the saman strain was collected from a residential area after insecticide spraying control failure in tehran, iran. technica ... | 2011 | 22518926 |
| cost-effectiveness of integrated pest management compared with insecticidal spraying against the german cockroach in apartment buildings. | this study assessed the cost and effectiveness of an integrated pest management (ipm) program using hydramethylnon gel baits compared with conventional spraying for controlling the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.) (blattodea: blattellidae), in two residential buildings in yasuj, iran. the ipm approach was based on educational programs using pamphlets, posters and lectures, sanitation using vacuuming and application of hydramethylnon gel baits. conventional approach used cypermethrin (1 ... | 2011 | 22068948 |
| mineral oil and aliphatic alcohols: toxicity and analysis of synergistic effects on german cockroaches (dictyoptera: blattellidae). | two mineral oils and 12 linear primary alcohols were studied, alone and in combination, to determine their contact toxicity to adult german cockroaches, blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattellidae). the more toxic oil, pd23 (ld50 = 1.45 mg per cockroach) was used for combination studies. alcohols with carbon chain lengths of c3 and c8 through c12 were the most toxic, with ld50 values ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 mg. c1 (methanol) and c14 (1-tetradecanol) were least toxic, with ld50 values of ... | 2011 | 22066199 |
| nuclear receptor hr4 plays an essential role in the ecdysteroid-triggered gene cascade in the development of the hemimetabolous insect blattella germanica. | despite the differences in the developmental strategies between hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects, a common feature between both types of development is that periodic pulses of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) dictate each developmental transition. although the molecular action of 20e has been extensively studied in holometabolous insects, data on hemimetabolous is scarce. to address this, we have used the german cockroach blattella germanica to show that 20e signals through ... | 2012 | 21945476 |
| leucomyosuppressin modulates cardiac rhythm in the cockroach blattella germanica. | several lines of evidence point to leucomyosuppressin (lms) and myosuppressin-related peptides as inhibitory modulators of heartbeat frequency in arthropods. previous studies in blattella germanica demonstrated that heartbeat frequency decreases after ootheca formation, and remains low during the period of ootheca transport. subsequent work in this cockroach resulted in the characterization of lms and the cloning and sequencing of its precursor. the present paper describes the activity of lms on ... | 2011 | 21925505 |
| interspecific competition between the smooth cockroach symploce pallens and the german cockroach blattella germanica (dictyoptera: blattellidae) under different food and water regimes. | the interspecific competition between a new cockroach pest species in southeast asia, the smooth cockroach, symploce pallens (stephens) and the ubiquitous german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.) was studied under different food and water regimes (unlimited food and water [control], limited water, limited food and limited food and water). both species were found to have equal chances to coexist when both food and water are unlimited, when food is a limiting factor, and when both food and water ... | 2010 | 20562819 |
| juvenile hormone and allatostatins in the german cockroach embryo. | levels of juvenile hormone iii (jh), fglamide allatostatin peptides (asts), asts precursor (preproast) mrna and methyl farnesoate epoxidase (cyp15a1) mrna were measured in embryos of the cockroach blattella germanica. jh starts to rise just after dorsal closure, reaches maximal levels between 60% and 80% of embryogenesis, and decrease subsequently to undetectable levels. asts show low levels during the first two thirds of embryogenesis, increase thereafter and maintain high levels until hatching ... | 2010 | 20542115 |
| mite and cockroach sensitisation in patients with allergic rhinitis in the free state. | studies in patients with allergic rhinitis living in the free state have showed grass pollens to be the predominant allergens, with house-dust mite sensitisation being less prevalent than in the coastal areas and a low rate of sensitisation to the storage mite lepidoglyphus destructor. no studies have been conducted on sensitisation to the other storage mites, spider mites or cockroaches. we aimed to determine the prevalence of sensitisation to various house-dust mites, storage mites, spider mit ... | 2010 | 20459939 |
| local enhancement promotes cockroach feeding aggregations. | communication and learning from each other are part of the success of animal societies. social insects invest considerable effort into signalling to their nestmates the locations of the most profitable resources in their environment. growing evidence also indicates that insects glean such information through cues inadvertently provided by their conspecifics. here, we investigate social information use in the foraging decisions by gregarious cockroaches (blattella germanica l.). individual cockro ... | 2011 | 21811557 |
| insecticide resistance and synergism of three field-collected strains of the german cockroach blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattellidae) from hospitals in kermanshah, iran. | the development of insecticide resistance in the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.) is a serious problem in controlling this medically important household pest. the insecticide resistance status in three hospital-collected strains of the german cockroach using four commonly used insecticides from different classes (permethrin, cypermethrin, bendiocarb and chlorpyrifos) was detected by topical bioassay method and preliminary information on possible involvement of monooxygenases in permeth ... | 2011 | 21602776 |
| molecular characterization and functional expression of the dsc1 channel. | drosophila sodium channel 1 (dsc1) was predicted to encode a sodium channel based on a high sequence similarity with vertebrate and invertebrate sodium channel genes. however, bsc1, a dsc1 ortholog in blattella germanica, was recently shown to encode a cation channel with ion selectivity toward ca(2+). in this study, we isolated a total of 20 full-length cdna clones that cover the entire coding region of the dsc1 gene from adults of drosophila melanogaster by reverse transcription-polymerase cha ... | 2011 | 21571069 |
| [first open reading frame protein (orf1p) of the blattella germanica r1 retroposon and phylogenetically close gag-like proteins of insects and fungi contain rrm domains]. | the rdna locus of insects and other arthropods contains non-ltr retrotransposons (retroposons) that are specifically inserted into 28s rrna genes. the most frequent retroposons are r1 and r2, but the mechanism of insertion and the functions of these mobile elements have not been studied in detail. a clone containing a full-length r1 retroposon copy was islated from the cosmid library of blattella germanica genes and sequenced. the amino acid sequences encoded by orf1 of the r1 retroposon were su ... | 2011 | 21516786 |
| differential inputs from chemosensory appendages mediate feeding responses to glucose in wild-type and glucose-averse german cockroaches, blattella germanica. | glucose is a universal phagostimulant in many animal species, including the cockroach blattella germanica. however, some natural populations of b. germanica have been found that are behaviorally deterred from eating glucose. in dose-response studies, glucose was a powerful phagostimulant for wild-type cockroaches, but it strongly deterred feeding in a glucose-averse strain. both strains, however, exhibited identical dose-response curves to other phagostimulants and deterrents. as a lead to elect ... | 2011 | 21467150 |
| substitutions in the domain iii voltage-sensing module enhance the sensitivity of an insect sodium channel to a scorpion beta-toxin. | scorpion β-toxins bind to the extracellular regions of the voltage-sensing module of domain ii and to the pore module of domain iii in voltage-gated sodium channels and enhance channel activation by trapping and stabilizing the voltage sensor of domain ii in its activated state. we investigated the interaction of a highly potent insect-selective scorpion depressant β-toxin, lqh-dprit(3), from leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus with insect sodium channels from blattella germanica (bgna(v)). like ot ... | 2011 | 21454658 |
| rna interference unveils functions of the hypertrehalosemic hormone on cyclic fluctuation of hemolymph trehalose and oviposition in the virgin female blattella germanica. | hypertrehalosemic hormone (hth) is a neuropeptide within the adipokinetic hormone (akh) family that induces a release of trehalose from fat body into hemolymph in a number of insects. in this study, we first showed that female adult german cockroach, blattella germanica, displayed a cyclic fluctuation of hemolymph trehalose levels correlated to the maturation of oocytes in the reproductive cycle. after cloning the hth cdna from the german cockroach (blage-hth), expression studies indicated that ... | 2011 | 21439292 |
| structure and molecular evolution of the ribosomal dna external transcribed spacer in the cockroach genus blattella. | the ribosomal dna (rdna) cluster of insects contains several hundred repeating structural-functional units and, therefore, is a typical example of a multigene family. eukaryotic ribosomal rna (rrna) genes (18s, 5.8s, and 28s like) are arranged in tandemly repeated clusters in the nucleolus organizers, separated by several spacers, namely the nontranscribed spacer, the external transcribed spacer (ets), and the internal transcribed spacers. the nucleotide sequences of the ets of the three closely ... | 2011 | 21423285 |
| bla g 1 allergen levels in zagreb area household dust. | cockroach allergy is a health problem in many parts of the world. in urban environments, indoor exposure to cockroach allergens involves a risk of asthma. the aim of this study was to measure the mass fraction of bla g 1, a major allergen of the german cockroach (blatella germanica) in 30 house samples, collected at random from zagreb area households, croatia. dust samples were collected on cellulose filters by vacuuming living rooms floors. after extraction, bla g 1 was detected using the comme ... | 2011 | 21421531 |
| conservation of fruitless' role as master regulator of male courtship behaviour from cockroaches to flies. | in drosophila melanogaster, male courtship behaviour is regulated by the fruitless gene. in d. melanogaster, fruitless encodes a set of putative transcription factors that are sex-specifically spliced. male-specific variants are necessary and sufficient to elicit male courtship behaviour. fruitless sequences have been reported in other insect species, but there are no data available on their functional role. in the present work, we cloned and sequenced fruitless in males of the german cockroach, ... | 2011 | 21340608 |
| a revisit to cockroach allergens. | among cockroaches (cr) that live in people's homes, two species, i.e., german cr (blattella germanica) and american cr (periplaneta americana) predominate in temperate and tropical areas, respectively. cr is an important source of inhalant indoor allergens that sensitize atopic subjects to (localized) type i hypersensitivity or atopy including allergic rhinitis and atopic asthma. in thailand the predominant cr species is p. americana. cr allergens are found throughout cr infested houses; the num ... | 2016 | 21038777 |
| biorational control programme for the german cockroach (blattaria: blattellidae) in selected urban communities. | this study assessed the effectiveness of a biorational control approach using 2% hydramethylnon gel bait on german cockroaches, blattella germanica (l.) in some residential and hospital buildings in south western iran. in total, three buildings consisting of 150 apartment units and 101 hospital units were monitored weekly via sticky trap for german cockroach infestations over a period of eight months. these infested units were randomly subjected to intervention and control treatments. pamphlets ... | 2010 | 20962720 |
| proteome mining for novel ige-binding proteins from the german cockroach (blattella germanica) and allergen profiling of patients. | although cockroaches are known to produce allergens that can cause ige-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, including perennial rhinitis and asthma, the various cockroach allergens have not yet been fully studied. many proteins from the german cockroach show high ige reactivity, but have never been comprehensively characterized. to identify these potential allergens, proteins were separated by 2-de and ige-binding proteins were analyzed by nanolc-ms/ms or n-terminal sequencing analysis. using a ... | 2010 | 20960453 |
| functional analysis and molecular characterization of two acetylcholinesterases from the german cockroach, blattella germanica. | two acetylcholinesterases (aches; bgache1 and bgache2) from blattella germanica were functionally expressed using the baculovirus system. kinetic analysis demonstrated that bgache2 had higher catalytic efficiency but lower substrate specificity than bgache1. with the exceptions of paraoxon and propoxur, bgache1 was generally less sensitive to inhibitors than bgache2. western blot analysis using anti-bgache antibodies revealed that bgache1 was far more abundant in all examined tissues compared to ... | 2010 | 20738424 |
| level of cyp4g19 expression is associated with pyrethroid resistance in blattella germanica. | german cockroaches have become a large problem in the shenzhen area because of their pesticide resistance, especially to pyrethroid. a pyrethroid called "jia chong qing" to prevent pests for a long time were found to be resistant to "jia chong qing" with resistance index of 3.88 measured using rt-pcr and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that both cyp4g19 mrna and cyp4g19 protein expression levels in the wild strain were substantially higher than that of a sensitive strain. dsrna segments der ... | 2010 | 20700426 |
| the hormonal pathway controlling cell death during metamorphosis in a hemimetabolous insect. | metamorphosis in holometabolous insects is mainly based on the destruction of larval tissues. intensive research in drosophila melanogaster, a model of holometabolan metamorphosis, has shown that the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) signals cell death of larval tissues during metamorphosis. however, d. melanogaster shows a highly derived type of development and the mechanisms regulating apoptosis may not be representative in the insect class context. unfortunately, no functional studies ... | 2010 | 20638378 |
| fumigant toxicity of essential oils to the german cockroach (dictyoptera: blattellidae). | the fumigant toxicity of 12 essential oil components [carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citronellic acid, eugenol, geraniol, s-(-)-limonene, (-)-linalool, (-)-menthone, (+)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene, and thymol] to adult male, adult female, gravid female, and large, medium, and small nymphs of the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattellidae), was determined. 1,8-cineole was the most toxic essential oil component to adult males and females, gravid females ... | 2010 | 20568624 |
| insecticide resistance profiles and synergism in field populations of the german cockroach (dictyoptera: blattellidae) from singapore. | the resistance profiles of 22 field-collected populations of the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattellidae), from various localities in singapore were determined by topical bioassay against novel and conventional insecticides from six classes: (1) pyrethroid (beta-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin), (2) carbamate (propoxur), (3) organophosphate (chlorpyrifos), (4) phenyl pyrazole (fipronil), (5) neonicotinoid (imidacloprid), and (6) oxadiazine (indoxacarb). compared with a lab ... | 2010 | 20429463 |
| topical toxicity of essential oils to the german cockroach (dictyoptera: blattellidae). | the toxicity of 12 essential oil components [carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citronellic acid, eugenol, geraniol, s-(-)-limonene, (-)-linalool, (-)-menthone, (+)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene, and thymol] to adult male; adult female; gravid female; and large, medium, and small nymphs of the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattellidae), was determined. thymol was the most toxic essential oil component to adult males, gravid females, and medium nymphs, with ... | 2010 | 20429462 |
| biology of symploce pallens (dictyoptera: blattellidae). | here, we describe the biology of a relatively new pest cockroach species in southeast asia, symploce pallens (stephens) (dictyoptera: blattellidae). s. pallens collected from penang island, malaysia, were used for the biological parameter studies and were observed for molting and reproduction events. nymphal development took 118.2 +/- 1.7 d, with a mean of 9.5 +/- 0.1 molts. the oothecal incubation period was 36.1 +/- 0.2 d. females produced a mean of 16.0 +/- 10.2 oothecae, with mean 17.6 +/- 0 ... | 2010 | 20429461 |
| key roles of the broad-complex gene in insect embryogenesis. | the broad-complex (br-c) is a primary response gene in the ecdysteroid signaling pathway which encodes a family of transcription factors that play a key role in metamorphic processes. with the aim of studying the possible functions of br-c in the embryogenesis of a short germ band insect, we cloned br-c cdnas in the cockroach blattella germanica (bgbr-c) and obtained the full coding region of six br-c isoforms (z1-z6) of which, z1-z5 have homologous sequences in other insects, whereas z6 is new. ... | 2010 | 20403438 |
| pest control in albania: an example of collaboration in technical and scientific development in public health. | in september 2007, a severe cockroach (blattella germanica) infestation was reported on the premises of the scutari regional hospital. the hospital was infested by cockroaches despite regular insecticide treatment by local pest control officers. the failure of treatment required a careful evaluation of the problem. it also created the opportunity for a more complete analysis of pest control in albania. | 2010 | 20391365 |
| effects of two temperature storage regimes on the efficacy of 3 commercial gel baits against the german cockroach, blattella germanica l. (dictyoptera: blattellidae). | to compare the effectiveness of 3 commercial gel bait formulations containing fipronil (goliath(©) cockroach gel 0.05% ai), chlorpyrifos-a (clean bait(©) gel, 2% ai), and chloropyrifos-b (serpa(©) gel 2% ai) against german cockroaches (blattella germanica) when stored at 23(°)c and 30(°) c after treatment. | 2010 | 23113028 |
| effect of an oxadiazine, indoxacarb, on the biochemical composition of ovaries in the german cockroach. | conventional insecticides have been widely used to control cockroaches but these insects have developed resistance to several compounds. safer insecticides with a low toxicity such as oxadiazine have been advanced: indoxacarb (30% wg) is designated to be a reduced-risk insecticide and is considered as an organophosphate replacement. insecticidal activity occurs via blockage of the sodium channels in the insect nervous system. in a first series of experiments, the toxicity of different concentrat ... | 2010 | 21539254 |
| brownie, a gene involved in building complex respiratory devices in insect eggshells. | insect eggshells must combine protection for the yolk and embryo with provisions for respiration and for the entry of sperm, which are ensured by aeropyles and micropyles, respectively. insects which oviposit the eggs in an egg-case have a double problem of respiration as gas exchange then involves two barriers. an example of this situation is found in the cockroach blattella germanica, where the aeropyle and the micropyle are combined in a complex structure called the sponge-like body. the spon ... | 2009 | 20020062 |
| microrna-dependent metamorphosis in hemimetabolan insects. | how does a juvenile insect transform into an adult? this question, which sums up the wonder of insect metamorphosis, has fascinated mankind since ancient times. modern physiology has established the endocrine basis regulating these transformations, which mainly depend on two hormone types: ecdysteroids, which promote molts, and juvenile hormones, which repress the transformation into the adult stage. the interplay of these two hormones regulates the genes involved in juvenile and adult programs ... | 2009 | 19966227 |
| blatella germanica as a possible cockroach vector of micro-organisms in a hospital. | | 2010 | 19914742 |
| rnai of ace1 and ace2 in blattella germanica reveals their differential contribution to acetylcholinesterase activity and sensitivity to insecticides. | cyclorrhapha insect genomes contain a single acetylcholinesterase (ache) gene while other insects contain at least two ace genes (ace1 and ace2). in this study we tested the hypothesis that the two ace paralogous from blattella germanica have different contributions to ache activity, using rna interference (rnai) to knockdown each one individually. paralogous-specific depletion of bgace transcripts was evident in ganglia of injected cockroaches, although the effects at the protein level were les ... | 2009 | 19900550 |
| comparative toxicity and repellency of microencapsulated and other liquid insecticide formulations to the german cockroach (dictyoptera: blattellidae). | responses of german cockroaches, blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattellidae), to microencapsulated (me) formulations of six insecticides (bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and permethrin) were compared with emulsifiable concentrates (ec) (chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin) or ready-to-use (rtu) formulations (bifenthin and lambda-cyhalothrin). two rates were tested per comparison. baseline toxicity (lt50 value) was determined by ... | 2010 | 21309234 |
| development of strategies for monitoring indoxacarb and gel bait susceptibility in the german cockroach (blattodea: blattellidae). | advion(®) cockroach gel bait (6 g kg(-1) indoxacarb) is in widespread use for blattella germanica (l.) control in the united states. however, baseline susceptibility levels to indoxacarb in german cockroach field populations are not known. hence, this research sought to develop monitoring strategies to estimate the susceptibility of german cockroach populations to indoxacarb. | 2011 | 21308952 |
| stage-dependent tolerance of the german cockroach, blattella germanica for dichlorvos and propoxur. | tage-dependent dichlorvos and propoxur tolerance in a field population of the german cockroach, blattella germanica linnaeus (blatodea: blattellidae), was investigated in the laboratory using a topical application bioassay. the results showed the 6 week-old nymphs were more tolerant to dichlorvos and propoxur than the other ages tested. ld₅₀ values of dichlorvos and propoxur for the 6 week-old nymphs were 2.003 µg per insect and 5.296 µg per insect, respectively. tolerance ratios of 18.55-fold a ... | 2010 | 21268698 |
| general food semiochemicals attract omnivorous german cockroaches, blattella germanica. | stale beer and peanut butter are effective baits for the german cockroach (gcrs), blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattellidae). in still-air arena olfactometer experiments it was previously shown that headspace volatile extracts of peanut butter and solvent extract of beer attract male gcrs. the objective of this study was to identify the semiochemicals that mediate attraction of gcrs to these sources. coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (gc-ead) and gc-mass spect ... | 2011 | 21244057 |
| longterm persistence of proteolytic activities in frass of blattella germanica increases its allergenic potential. | chromogenic microplate assays in 96 wells were used to determine the stability of enzyme activity in frass of blattella germanica (blattodea: blattellidae). frass samples were exposed to controlled conditions [temperature 15-35 °c and/or 53-100% relative humidity (rh)] and to household conditions (apartment). exposure times were 0 (control), 90, 183 and 276 days. starch digestion and cellulolytic activities decreased during exposure. non-specific proteolytic activities were affected by changes i ... | 2011 | 21198710 |
| the influence of environmental temperature and humidity on temporal decomposition of cockroach allergens bla g 1 and bla g 2 in feces. | the aim of the study was to establish a model of the environmental fate of german cockroach (blattella germanica l.) allergens bla g 1 and bla g 2 in feces under controlled and field conditions. temporal decline (3, 6, and 9 mo) of allergens bla g 1 and bla g 2 in the feces protected from cleaning was measured under laboratory and experimental household conditions. the influence of environmental temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees c) and moisture (53, 75, 85, and 100% rh) on allergen deg ... | 2010 | 21175054 |
| citrus, a key insect eggshell protein. | molecular aspects of chorion synthesis in insects have been studied deeply in species with meroistic ovaries. information available in insects with panoistic ovaries is principally structural whereas molecular information in these species is scarce. this paper seeks to balance the above situation by describing a novel chorion gene, citrus, from the cockroach blattella germanica, a phylogenetically basal hemimetabolan insect with reproduction regulated by juvenile hormone and with panoistic ovari ... | 2011 | 21078389 |
| the weight of the clan: even in insects, social isolation can induce a behavioural syndrome. | social isolation has dramatic consequences on the development of individuals of many vertebrate species, and it induces a set of behavioural disturbances rending them unable to process environmental as well as social stimuli appropriately. we hypothesized that isolation syndrome is a ubiquitous trait of social life that can be observed in a wide array of species, including invertebrates. here we report that gregarious cockroaches (blattella germanica) reared in isolation showed (i) stronger expl ... | 2009 | 19615616 |
| german cockroach allergen levels in north carolina schools: comparison of integrated pest management and conventional cockroach control. | cockroach suppression is fundamental to cockroach allergen mitigation in infested homes. the effects of various cockroach control strategies on cockroach populations and allergen concentration have not been examined in schools. this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of integrated pest management (ipm) and conventional pest control in controlling german cockroach (blattella germanica l.) infestations and concentrations of the cockroach allergen bla g 1 in public school buildings. t ... | 2009 | 19496408 |
| molecular characterization of a sodium channel gene from the silkworm bombyx mori. | the voltage-gated sodium channel mediates the rapid rising phase of action potentials in almost all excitable cells and is a molecular target of a variety of neurotoxins including pyrethroid insecticides. most studies have focused on the expression of sodium channel genes in the adult stage, information on other developmental stages, however, is limited. in this study, we characterized the para sodium channel orthologous gene (bmna(v)) of the silkworm bombyx mori, a model insect of lepidopteran ... | 2009 | 18996195 |
| catalytic hypervalent iodine oxidation of p-dialkoxybenzenes to p-quinones using 4-iodophenoxyacetic acid and oxone. | a catalytic hypervalent iodine oxidation of p-dialkoxybenzenes using 4-iodophenoxyacetic acid (1) and 2khso5 x khso4 x k2so4 (oxone) was developed. reaction of p-dialkoxybenzenes (2) with a catalytic amount of 1 in the presence of oxone as a co-oxidant in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-water (1 : 2) gave the corresponding p-quinones (3) in excellent yields without purification. this procedure was applied to synthesis of blattellaquinone (9), the sex pheromone of the german cockroach, blattella germanica ... | 2008 | 18981622 |
| mutual mate choice: when it pays both sexes to avoid inbreeding. | theoretical models of sexual selection predict that both males and females of many species should benefit by selecting their mating partners. however, empirical evidence testing and validating this prediction is scarce. in particular, whereas inbreeding avoidance is expected to induce sexual conflicts, in some cases both partners could benefit by acting in concert and exerting mutual mate choice for non-assortative pairings. we tested this prediction with the gregarious cockroach blattella germa ... | 2008 | 18843373 |
| cost and effectiveness of community-wide integrated pest management for german cockroach, cockroach allergen, and insecticide use reduction in low-income housing. | many low-income housing units in the united states continue to have chronic german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.), infestations and high prevalence of cockroach allergens despite the availability of highly effective cockroach control products. several studies have demonstrated the greater effectiveness of integrated pest management (ipm) compared with routine chemical interventions in apartment buildings and the benefit of cockroach allergen reduction using ipm. yet, there has been little i ... | 2009 | 19736776 |
| behavioral and electrophysiological studies on the sexually biased synergism between oligosaccharides and phospholipids in gustatory perception of nuptial secretion by the german cockroach. | females of blattella germanica feed compulsively on a nuptial secretion from the male's eighth tergal gland (tg-8) during courtship. using tg-8 extract and its essential ingredients, maltotriose (mt) and 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (pc), we investigated the perception of the secretion by gustatory sensilla in both sexes. female-biased chemosensitivity was found in the feeding responses to the tg-8 extract. the tg-8 extract induced specific impulses in four functionally different receptor cel ... | 2009 | 19422830 |
| habitat influences on diversity of bacteria found on german cockroach in beijing. | cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance. german cockroaches (blattella germanica) were sampled in five habitats (hospital, restaurant, office home, and market) in beijing, and the bacteria were isolated from their external surface and alimentary tract and identified using a biolog identification system. cockroach densities significantly differed among habitats (market > home > office > restaurant > hospital). however, no significant differences in bac ... | 2009 | 19402430 |
| mapping the cellular network of the circadian clock in two cockroach species. | the german cockroach, blattella germanica, and the double-striped cockroach, b. bisignata, are sibling species with a similar period sequence but a distinctive circadian rhythm in locomotion. the cell distribution of immunoreactivity (ir) against three clock-related proteins, period (per), pigment dispersing factor (pdf), and corazonin (crz), was compared between the species. the per-ir cells tend to form clusters and are sprayed out in the central nervous system. three major per-ir cells are lo ... | 2008 | 18618766 |
| horizontal transfer of bait in the german cockroach: indoxacarb causes secondary and tertiary mortality. | horizontal transfer of indoxacarb in the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.), was examined under laboratory conditions. results show that a single bait-fed adult cockroach (i.e., the donor) transferred indoxacarb to numerous primary recipients (secondary mortality),which then became secondary donors. these recipients subsequently became donors to other cockroaches and caused significant mortality in other members of the aggregation, resulting in tertiary kill. indoxacarb was effectively t ... | 2008 | 18613592 |
| the embodiment of cockroach aggregation behavior in a group of micro-robots. | we report the faithful reproduction of the self-organized aggregation behavior of the german cockroach blattella germanica with a group of robots. we describe the implementation of the biological model provided by jeanson et al. in alice robots, and we compare the behaviors of the cockroaches and the robots using the same experimental and analytical methodology. we show that the aggregation behavior of the german cockroach was successfully transferred to the alice robot despite strong difference ... | 2008 | 18573067 |
| antifeeding properties of myosuppressin in a generalist phytophagous leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval). | insect myosuppressins are a family of peptides with a characteristic hv/sflrfamide carboxy terminus. they are expressed in brain, neurohemal organs, stomatogastric nervous system, and in midgut endocrine cells. from a functional point of view, myosuppressins inhibit contractions of different visceral muscles, stimulate certain skeletal muscles and activate enzyme secretion from the gut. moreover, in the omnivorous cockroach blattella germanica, myosuppressin inhibits food intake. based on these ... | 2008 | 18374428 |
| development of the circadian clock in the german cockroach, blattella germanica. | the cell distribution and immunoreactivity (ir) against period (per), pigment dispersing factor (pdf) and corazonin (crz), were compared between adults and nymphs in the central nervous system of the german cockroach. although per-ir cells in the optic lobes (ol) were expressed in the nymphs from the first instar, the links between major clock cells became more elaborated after second/third instar. a circadian rhythm of locomotion was initiated at the fourth/fifth instar. the results suggest tha ... | 2009 | 19245873 |
| target of rapamycin (tor) mediates the transduction of nutritional signals into juvenile hormone production. | anautogeny is a reproductive strategy by which females do not reproduce until they feed. therefore, nutritional signals must inform the reproductive tissues, and cells that the organism has reached a nutritional status suitable for triggering reproductive processes. one of the possible pathways involved in anautogeny is the "target of rapamycin" (tor) pathway, which has been described as connecting the nutritional status with growth, proliferation, and cancer. the german cockroach, blattella ger ... | 2009 | 19106101 |
| sequence diversity of the bla g 4 cockroach allergen, homologous to lipocalins, from blattella germanica. | the cockroach allergen bla g 4, a putative lipocalin, is known to exhibit frequent sequence variations. however, the previously reported cdna sequences are truncated at the n terminus. this study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms by which these sequence variations are generated. | 2009 | 19001794 |
| comparison of several traps for catching german cockroaches (dictyoptera: blattellidae) under laboratory conditions. | german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattellidae), catch by five types of traps and modifications of each, were tested under controlled laboratory conditions. cockroach catch differed significantly among traps. lo-line trap caught the greatest number of cockroaches in the test arena for each size class (23% small nymphs, 39% of gravid females, and 60% of other size classes in the experimental arena). jar traps caught the least number of cockroaches in the test arena for each ... | 2008 | 18330130 |
| cuticular hydrocarbons as maternal provisions in embryos and nymphs of the cockroach blattella germanica. | cuticular hydrocarbons of arthropods serve multiple functions, including as barriers to water loss and as pheromones and pheromone precursors. in the oviparous german cockroach, blattella germanica, long-chain hydrocarbons are produced by oenocytes within the abdominal integument and are transported by a blood lipoprotein, lipophorin, both to the cuticular surface and into vitellogenic oocytes. using radiotracer approaches, we tracked the location and metabolic fate of 14c- and 3h-labeled hydroc ... | 2008 | 18245631 |
| differential retention of pcb congeners in cockroaches blattella germanica. | organisms differ widely in their ability to metabolize and eliminate polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). we evaluated the retention of pcb congeners, reference standard mixture, experimentally injected into cockroach blattella germanica, in relation to sex and time, and its elimination through the feces, exuviae and oothecae. the nymphs that died prematurely had a higher average pcb retention than those with a longer lifetime, 88% of the injected dose for those that died within 1 to 10 days, and 7 ... | 2007 | 17473998 |
| field performance of imidacloprid gel bait against german cockroaches (dictyoptera: blatellidae). | resistance amongst cockroaches has been reported to most of the spray insecticides. imidacloprid gel baits, which can be selectively applied at the infested and potential harborages sites have been found effective in control of cockroach infestation in some laboratory studies but very few field studies are available. this study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of imidacloprid gel bait in the control of german cockroaches (blatella germanica) in field. | 2006 | 16926462 |
| effects of the juvenile hormone analog pyriproxyfen on german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.), tergal gland development and production of tergal gland secretion proteins. | male german cockroaches possess secretory glands that secrete fluid into a pair of transverse depressions on the seventh and eighth abdominal tergites. we investigated the effects of altered juvenoid titer during the first part of the last instar on tergal gland secretory tissue development and the production of tergal gland secretion proteins. male fifth (last) instar nymphs (1-3 days post-emergent) were topically treated with the jh analog pyriproxyfen. light and transmission electron microsco ... | 2006 | 16921520 |
| [expression of allergen bla g 2 from blattella germanica in pichia pastoris]. | to express the major allergen of blattella germanica (bla g 2) in pichia pastoris and obtain the soluble protein. | 2007 | 17633822 |
| removed: immunohistochemical localization and role of [arg(7)]-corazonin in the brains of nymph and adult sibling species of cockroaches, blatella germanica and blatella bisignata. | this article has been removed, consistent with elsevier policy on article withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. | 2007 | 17617420 |
| [determination of insecticide-resistance and resistance mechanisms of blattella germanica (dictyoptera: blattellidae)]. | in this paper, the level of resistance to four insecticides of 3 blatella germanica strains collected from various places in the city of havana province was evaluated. these strains were resistant to two pyrethroids (cypermethrin and lambda-cyalothrine) and to organophosphorate malathion but susceptible to carbamate propoxur. the values of alpha and beta esterases, acetylcholinesterase and gluthatione-s-transferase were estimated in three strains involved in the study. the results of the study s ... | 2014 | 23427451 |
| [chemical composition and lethal effect of essential oil from pimenta racemosa (myrtales: myrtaceae) on blatella germanica (dictyoptera: blattellidae)]. | gas chromatography test and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry test allowed examining the essential oil from pimenta racemosa leaves (mill.) j.w. moore (myrtales: myrtaceae). a total of 26 volatile compounds representing 99.5% of the whole composition were identified, being ternipen 4-ol and 1.8 cineol those having the largest portions. lab bioassays were performed with 5 different oil doses on blattella germanica. dl50, 15.55 and dl95 = 48.16% were estimated by a probit-log analysis as well a ... | 2013 | 23427450 |
| path selection in cockroaches. | in gregarious insects, the exploration and the use of the home range can involve both individual navigational abilities and/or chemical trails. trail formation can result from an active laying of pheromones but can also derive from the incidental deposition of chemical cues. in this study, we investigated whether scent trails can influence path selection in the cockroach blattella germanica (l.). experiments were designed to separate the role of prior experience based on the orientation of the p ... | 2006 | 17114409 |
| juvenile hormone titer versus juvenile hormone synthesis in female nymphs and adults of the german cockroach, blattella germanica. | abstract patterns of juvenile hormone have been intensively studied in the cockroach blattella germanica under different physiological situations. however, data have been mainly obtained in vitro, and refer to hormone synthesized by isolated corpora allata, whereas information available on hormone concentration in the hemolymph is restricted to adult females. in order to complement our studies in vitro, we have measured juvenile hormone titer in the hemolymph of b. germanica females in four char ... | 2006 | 20233097 |
| genetic basis for resistance to gel baits, fipronil, and sugar-based attractants in german cockroaches (dictyoptera: blattellidae). | a gel bait-resistant blattella germanica (l.) strain (cincy) was collected in cincinnati, oh, in 2003. this strain exhibited strong behavioral resistance to avert (0.05% abamectin), maxforce fc (0.01% fipronil), and pre-empt (2.15% imidacloprid) gel baits. reciprocal mass crosses and back crosses between the cincy strain and a susceptible strain (jwax) were made and tested for their inheritance of resistance to avert, maxforce fc, and pre-empt gel baits. topical assays comparing the parental and ... | 2006 | 17066810 |
| linear alcohol ethoxylates: insecticidal and synergistic effects on german cockroaches (blattodea: blattellidae) and other insects. | sixteen linear ethoxylated alcohol surfactants (aeos) were studied to determine their contact insecticidal activity to adult german cockroaches, blattella germanica (l.) (blattodea: blattellidae). within groups of aeos of equal carbon chain length, insecticidal activity, measured as lt50 values (in minutes) and 24-h mortality after treatment, was inversely related to the amount of ethoxylation. there was a highly significant negative relationship between the hydrophile-lipophile balance (hlb) va ... | 2007 | 17598550 |
| toxicity of myristica fagrans seed compounds against blattella germanica (dictyoptera: blattellidae). | the insecticidal constituents of hexane-soluble fraction from a methanolic extract of the seeds from myristica fragrans (myristicaceae) against adult females of blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattellidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the insecticidal activity of 13 myristica seed compounds against female b. germanica was examined by using the filter-paper contact toxicity and vapor phase toxicity bioassays. results were compared with thos ... | 2007 | 17547241 |
| repellence and toxicity of schinus molle extracts on blattella germanica. | the biological activities of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts from leaves and fruits of schinus molle against adults of blattella germanica were examined by repellence test and topical application. all extracts produced significant repellent effect and mortality. | 2007 | 17490831 |
| brief exposure of blattella germanica (blattodea) to insecticides formulated in various microcapsule sizes and applied on porous and non-porous surfaces. | the authors explored how microcapsule size and brief exposure affected the bioavailability of five microencapsulated insecticide formulations, chlorpyrifos 23.1 g l(-1) cs (detmol-pro), chlorpyrifos 20 g l(-1) cs (empire 20), fenitrothion 20 g l(-1) cs (detmol-mic), cyphenothrin 10 g l(-1) cs (detmol-cap) and diazinon 30 g l(-1) cs (diacap), to blattella germanica l. on porous and non-porous surfaces. the hypothesis was tested that microencapsulated (cs) insecticides comprising larger microcapsu ... | 2009 | 18823064 |
| nuclear receptor bgftz-f1 regulates molting and the timing of ecdysteroid production during nymphal development in the hemimetabolous insect blattella germanica. | postembryonic development of holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects occurs through successive molts triggered by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e). the molecular action of 20e has been extensively studied in holometabolous insects, but data on hemimetabolous are scarce. we have demonstrated that during the nymphal development of the hemimetabolous insect blattella germanica, 20e binds to the heterodimeric receptor formed by the nuclear receptors bgecr-a and bgrxr activating a cascade of gene expressio ... | 2008 | 18816439 |
| toxicity of fatty acid salts to german and american cockroaches. | the toxicity of fatty acid salts to german, blattella germanica (l.), and american cockroaches, periplaneta americana (l.), was evaluated. potassium and sodium laurate caused up to 95% mortality of german cockroaches and 100% mortality of american cockroaches. even-numbered potassium fatty acid salts, c8-c18 were assessed for toxicity at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% concentrations by a 30-s immersion of cockroaches. the more soluble of the fatty acid salts at 2% concentration caused 65-95% mortal ... | 2008 | 18767751 |
| cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in blattella germanica: effects of halofenozide, boric acid and benfuracarb. | in order to complete previous studies conducted on blattella germanica, three insecticides from different groups were evaluated: boric acid, an inorganic compound, benfuracarb, a carbamate, and halofenozide, a non-steroidal ecdysone agonist. boric acid (8.20%, ld50) and benfuracarb (2%, ld50) were incorporated into the diet and orally administrated to newly emerged adults of both sexes, while halofenozide (0.33%, ld50) was applied topically. hydrocarbons extracts was made on bidistilled pentane ... | 2006 | 17385524 |
| molecular cloning and developmental expression pattern of the vitellogenin receptor from the cockroach, leucophaea maderae. | a cdna encoding the vitellogenin receptor (vgr) of the cockroach, leucophaea maderae (lm) was cloned and sequenced. the coding region consisted of 5454bp flanked by a 67bp 5'-untranslated region (utr) and a 168bp 3'-utr, which encoded a 1792-residues mature protein with a predicted molecular mass of 199.84kda. the deduced amino acid sequence of the lmvgr cdna revealed two ligand-binding domains with 5 repeats in the first domain and 8 in the second domain similar to those of other insect vgrs. n ... | 2007 | 17296498 |
| asian ladybugs (harmonia axyridis): a new seasonal indoor allergen. | harmonia axyridis, the asian ladybug (alb), was repeatedly introduced between 1916 and 1990. these beetles are intolerant to cold and move indoors during the winter. | 2007 | 17291858 |
| redundant ecdysis regulatory functions of three nuclear receptor hr3 isoforms in the direct-developing insect blattella germanica. | in hemimetabolous insects, the molecular basis of the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e)-triggered genetic hierarchy is practically unknown. in the cockroach blattella germanica, we had previously characterized one isoform of the ecdysone receptor, bgecr-a, and two isoforms of its heterodimeric partner, bgrxr-s and bgrxr-l. one of the early-late genes of the 20e-triggered genetic hierarchy, is hr3. in the present paper, we report the discovery of three isoforms of hr3 in b. germanica, that were named bghr ... | 2007 | 17258436 |
| field trial on the control effect of fipronil bait against german cockroaches. | a field trial on the control effect of fipronil poison bait against german cockroaches (blatella germanica) was carried out at different restaurant types in sinchon, seoul, republic of korea. monitoring was performed applying food baited traps for 2 days per week. reduction rates of german cockroaches by applying fipronil baits were 90.9% at korean restaurants, 96.4% at chinese restaurants, and 89.4% in beer hall kitchens after 4 weeks of the treatment. overall average of the reduction rate was ... | 2006 | 16969066 |
| [adaptation of methods for quantification of the effect of esterase, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione-s-transferase in blattella germanica (dictyoptera: blattellidae)]. | the resistance mechanisms of blatella germanica, one of the most important urban plagues worldwide since it is a mechanical vector that houses a number of highly harmful viruses, fungi, helmints and bacteria were studied. there are different control methods used against blattella germnanica, with insecticides playing the leading role. their uncontrolled application has caused the development of insecticice resistance in this species. this paper adapted biochemical methods to detect the enzymes e ... | 2014 | 23424793 |
| new contact sex pheromone components of the german cockroach, blattella germanica, predicted from the proposed biosynthetic pathway. | upon contacting the cuticle of a sexually mature female, a male german cockroach exhibits a characteristic courtship behavior: he turns away from the female and raises his wings, thereby exposing tergal glands. the glandular secretion stimulates the female to mount the male and feed, thus positioning her appropriately for copulation. a multi-component contact sex pheromone produced by females is responsible for eliciting courtship behavior. the most abundant pheromone components are 3,11-dimethy ... | 2008 | 18231836 |
| the nuclear hormone receptor bge75 links molting and developmental progression in the direct-developing insect blattella germanica. | ecdysteroid hormones regulate key developmental processes throughout the life cycle of insects. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) acts upon binding to a heterodimeric receptor formed by the nuclear receptors ecr and usp. the receptor, once 20e bounds to it, elicits cascades of gene expression that mediate and amplify the hormonal signal. the molecular characterization of the 20e-mediated hierarchy of transcription factors has been analyzed in detail in holometabolous insects, especially in drosophila mel ... | 2008 | 18207139 |
| identification of a tachykinin-related peptide with orexigenic properties in the german cockroach. | a number of evidences suggest that tachykinin-related peptides (trps) of insects can stimulate food consumption after being released from the midgut to the hemolymph. the idea of the present work has been to test this hypothesis in the anautogenous cockroach blattella germanica. first, we have identified the peptide lemtrp-1 (apsgflgvr-nh(2)) from brain extracts, by means of an elisa developed with a polyclonal antibody against this peptide. elisa studies have also shown that, whereas brain lemt ... | 2008 | 18178289 |
| [r1 and r2 retrotransposons of german cockroach blattella germanica: comparative analysis of 5' truncated copies integrated into genome]. | this is the first report providing results on identification, cloning, and sequencing of extended fragments (5'-truncated copies) of r1 and r2 retrotransposons integrated into blattella germanica genome. comparative structural analysis of the received clones revealed two distinct subfamilies of r1 elements. however, all b. germanica r1 clones have two common features: poly(t) tails and similar target site duplications. nucleotide structure and organization of five sequenced r2 fragments was simi ... | 2007 | 17936979 |
| occupational health risks due to shipboard cockroaches. | in various investigated populations, sensitization to cockroaches was observed in 8% of screened subjects from temperate climatic zones and in 36% of those from tropical zones. because of the numerous hiding places and food storages aboard a ship the crews can be highly exposed to cockroaches. the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of sensitization to cockroaches and potentially associated health risks in seafarers. | 2008 | 17896113 |
| molecular, biochemical and histochemical characterization of two acetylcholinesterase cdnas from the german cockroach blattella germanica. | full length cdnas encoding two acetylcholinesterases (aches; bgace1 and bgace2) were cloned and characterized from the german cockroach, blattella germanica. sequence analyses showed that both genes possess all the typical features of ace, and that bgace1 is orthologous to the insect ace1 whereas bgace2 is to the insect ace2. transcript level of bgace1 was significantly higher (c. 10 fold) than that of bgace2 in all 11 tissues examined, suggesting that bgace1 likely encodes a predominant ache. m ... | 2006 | 16907838 |
| functions of the ecdysone receptor isoform-a in the hemimetabolous insect blattella germanica revealed by systemic rnai in vivo. | the molecular basis of ecdysteroid function during development has been analyzed in detail in holometabolous insects, especially in drosophila melanogaster, but rarely in hemimetabolous. using the hemimetabolous species blattella germanica (german cockroach) as model, we show that the ecdysone receptor isoform-a (bgecr-a) mrna is present throughout the penultimate and last nymphal instars in all tissues analyzed (prothoracic gland, epidermis and fat body). to study the functions of bgecr-a, we r ... | 2006 | 16890931 |