| the helminth parasites of various artiodactylids from some south african nature reserves. | the helminth species composition and helminth burdens of 4 grey duikers, 12 bushbuck, 2 nyala, 2 giraffe, a steenbok, an oribi, a waterbuck and a tsessebe from the kruger national park (knp); of a steenbok and a greater kudu from the farm riekerts laager, transvaal; of a single blue duiker from the tsitsikama forest national park, and of a blue wildebeest, a red hartebeest, a gemsbok and 2 springbok from the kalahari gemsbok national park (kgnp) were collected, counted and identified. new parasi ... | 1986 | 3725333 |
| cultivation of haemonchus contortus (nematoda: trichostrongylidae) from infective larvae to the adult male and the egg-laying female. | the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus was cultured in vitro to the adult male and the egg-laying female. gastric contents from 2 cannulated calves and 2 sheep as well as extracts of stomach mucosa from both hosts were added to a mixture of api-1 culture medium and fildes' reagent (a pepsin digest of defibrinated bovine blood) adjusted to ph 6.4 for the first week and ph 6.8 thereafter. the gas phase was 85% n2:5% o2:10% co2. best results were obtained when api-1 culture medium plus fildes' ... | 1986 | 3734999 |
| effect of ph and temperature on lipase and phospholipase of adult haemonchus contortus (nematoda: trichostrongylidae). | | 1986 | 3735000 |
| the effect of triflumuron (sir8514) on the free-living stages of sheep nematodes. | studies both in vitro and in vivo showed that the insect growth regulator, triflumuron, exhibited potent larvacidal effects against the free-living stages of trichostrongylus colubriformis. effects were not as marked on the closely related nematodes, haemonchus contortus and ostertagia circumcincta. nevertheless, these findings suggest that growth regulators may be used to develop novel methods of nematode control, and thus offer alternatives or adjuncts to conventional anthelmintic therapy and ... | 1986 | 3739204 |
| the comparative efficacy of oxfendazole administered as bolus and suspension to naturally infected sheep in greece. | in a flock of 20 ewes naturally infected with those parasites of sheep most common in greece, and kept indoors during the whole trial, oxfendazole at the dose rate of approximately 2.9 and 2.8 mg/kg body-weight was tested as a 4 g bolus containing 112 mg active ingredient and a 2.265% suspension. the evaluation of its efficacy was based on the necropsy findings which were also supported by faecal egg counts. no differences in efficacy were noticed between the two formulations of the drug. both b ... | 1986 | 3745877 |
| interactions of benzimidazoles (bz) with tubulin from bz-sensitive and bz-resistant isolates of haemonchus contortus. | the binding of tritiated benzimidazoles (bzs)-albendazole, parbendazole, oxibendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole and fenbendazole-to crude tubulin extracts from bz-susceptible and -resistant haemonchus contortus has been examined. for all bzs, the binding was substantially lower in the resistant isolate. the extent of this reduction was dependent on the structure of the bz, with mebendazole demonstrating superior binding to the resistant isolate than the other bzs. enrichment of the crude tubulin ... | 1986 | 3755220 |
| activity of ivermectin against natural infections by abomasal nematodes in lambs in controlled tests: evaluation of equine and bovine injectable formulations administered intraorally. | the efficacy of 2 injectable formulations of ivermectin, administered intraorally at the dosage of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight, was evaluated against naturally occurring infections by abomasal nematodes in lambs in 2 controlled tests. one test (a) included 17 lambs treated with the equine formulation and 16 nontreated lambs. for the other test (b), 14 lambs were treated with the bovine formulation, and 12 were nontreated. in controlled test a, only mature nematodes were recovered, and remov ... | 1986 | 3755309 |
| efficacy of repeated doses of levamisole, morantel, fenbendazole, and ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in ewes. | levamisole, morantel, fenbendazole, or ivermectin was administered at 2-week intervals from may 1 through sept 14, 1985, to breeding ewes (20 ewes/drug) infected with various gastrointestinal nematodes. all ewes had fewer gastrointestinal nematode eggs per gram of feces (epg) after 2 treatments, compared with pretreatment epg counts. ewes administered ivermectin continued to have a low mean epg (0 to 3) throughout the study. the mean epg counts of ewes treated with levamisole increased from 3 to ... | 1986 | 3755877 |
| changes in serum pepsinogen and haemoglobin concentrations in calves infected with haemonchus contortus. | in four calves given haemonchus contortus larvae, the serum pepsinogen concentration rose quickly to reach a mean of 3.5 iu tyrosine on day 14 after infection. the mean concentration dropped to 1.8 iu tyrosine by day 23 and remained around 2.0 iu tyrosine until an anthelmintic was given on day 57, when concentrations returned to preinfection values. | 1986 | 3764097 |
| in vitro demonstration of in utero larval development in an oviparous parasitic nematode: haemonchus contortus. | the life-cycle of haemonchus contortus, a pathogenic stomach nematode of sheep, is typical of those of the other members of the superfamily trichostrongyloides, all of which require a period of development outside the definitive host. classically, gravid h. contortus, known as strictly oviparous, releases her eggs into the abomasal lumen. the eggs are passed out in the faeces in which they hatch into the 1st-stage larvae and then develop into the infective 3rd-stage larvae. we have developed a m ... | 1986 | 3785975 |
| haemonchus contortus and other trichostrongylid infections in parturient, lactating and dry ewes. | from autumn (april) to spring (november), groups of pregnant and dry merino ewes grazed pasture contaminated with infective larvae of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta and trichostrongylus colubriformis. a periparturient rise in faecal egg counts occurred in the pregnant ewes, following the maturation in early spring of arrested fourth-stage larvae of h. contortus and failure of pregnant ewes to expel the resulting adult worms. peak egg counts were seen in september, just before lamb ... | 1986 | 3788026 |
| developmental arrest of haemonchus contortus in sheep treated with a corticosteroid. | | 1986 | 3804575 |
| efficacy of ivermectin against induced gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats. | the efficacy of ivermectin (0.08 per cent w/v oral solution) at different dose levels was evaluated against induced infections of adult haemonchus contortus (21 days old) and trichostrongylus colubriformis (21 days old) and fourth stage larvae of oesophagostomum columbianum (17 days old), ostertagia circumcincta (five days old) and strongyloides papillosus (five days old). twenty-five boergoats (mutton goats) were randomly allocated by bodyweight within each sex to an untreated control group and ... | 1985 | 3840299 |
| potentiation of the anthelmintic activity of oxfendazole by parbendazole. | the ability of parbendazole (pbz) to potentiate co-administered oxfendazole (ofz) was investigated. administration of a range (1.35-36.0 mg/kg) of doses of pbz with 4.53 mg ofz/kg demonstrated that significant potentiation occurred at 4.5 mg pbz/kg. at 4.5 mg pbz/kg, the area under the plasma ofz concentration curve was about twice that obtained from oral administration of ofz alone. when tested against benzimidazole-resistant haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis, the mixture ... | 1985 | 3840535 |
| anthelmintic activity of ivermectin against immature gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. | twenty-four lambs of mixed breeding with mixed experimental infections of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta, trichostrongylus axei, and t colubriformis were allotted to 4 groups. one group (control) was given the vehicle propylene glycol, and the others were given 100, 200, or 300 micrograms of ivermectin/kg of body weight by mouth. twelve days after treatment, the sheep were necropsied. the compound was greater than 99% effective against immature stages of 4 nematode species at all ... | 1985 | 3840965 |
| [haemonchus contortus and ostertagia circumcincta: expulsion of parasites and restoration of the integrity of the abomasal mucosa after intraabomasal administration of arachidonic acid to the experimentally infested sheep]. | | 1985 | 3935475 |
| [haemonchus contortus: inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by the abomasal mucosa promotes the development of the parasite]. | | 1986 | 3943589 |
| pathologic changes in lambs with ostertagia circumcincta infections associated with decreased infectivity of haemonchus contortus. | two experiments were done to examine the severity and type of abomasal lesions induced by moderate infections of ostertagia circumcincta in young lambs and to examine the differences in pathologic changes in lambs with monospecific and combined infections of o circumcincta and haemonchus contortus. observations included descriptions of gross and microscopic changes in the abomasums, as well as quantitative analysis of the thickness of the mucosa, numbers of mucus-containing cells, and inflammato ... | 1986 | 3954209 |
| control of helminthosis in lambs by strategic treatment with closantel and broad-spectrum anthelmintics. | treatment of ewes with broad-spectrum anthelmintic in august (pre-lambing) and early november, and of lambs in early november and early february, was effective in controlling infections with trichostrongylus spp in lambs reared on contaminated pastures under set-stocked conditions. it was ineffective in controlling infections with haemonchus contortus; 82% of lambs had to be withdrawn from the experiment because of severe haemonchosis. treatment with closantel (7.5 mg/kg) at the same times was v ... | 1986 | 3954695 |
| resistance to benzimidazole of haemonchus contortus utkalensis in sheep on martinique. | | 1986 | 3962103 |
| control of trichostrongylid pasture infestation in spring by the periparturient anthelmintic treatment of housed ewes prior to or at the time of turn out. | ewes, housed in late november and lambing in late february and march, were divided into three groups of eight, six and eight animals, and received a single treatment with ivermectin (approximately 200 micrograms kg-1) in late february (group i), on 15 april (group ii), or on 1 may (group iii), respectively. the egg output of the ewes and, subsequently, of eight lambs (group iv) was measured at 2-weekly intervals by counting and identifying the larvae after culture. group i showed a small rise in ... | 1986 | 3962158 |
| haemonchus contortus and ostertagia circumcincta: fenbendazole treatment and abomasal permeability changes in sheep. | effects of fenbendazole (7.5 mg/kg of body weight infused during 90 minutes) on abomasal transmural potential difference (pd), ph, and ionic concentrations were determined in 8 lambs fitted with permanent abomasal cannulae. four sheep were treated before inoculation and on day 28 after inoculation, with 200,000 3rd-stage ostertagia circumcincta larvae and 4 others were similarly inoculated with 15,000 3rd-stage haemonchus contortus larvae. in worm-free lambs, the unique effect was an increase in ... | 1985 | 3970427 |
| influence of dietary protein on the pathophysiology of ovine haemonchosis in finn dorset and scottish blackface lambs given a single moderate infection. | two experiments were conducted to examine the influence of dietary protein on the pathophysiology of haemonchus contortus in lambs of two breeds, namely finn dorset and scottish blackface. erythrokinetic and metabolic studies using 51cr-red cells, 59fe-transferrin and 125i-albumin, and digestive efficiency and nitrogen balance measurements were conducted between four and six weeks after infection. identical radioisotopic and nutritional studies were also conducted on pair-fed control lambs of bo ... | 1985 | 3975482 |
| influence of dietary protein on parasite establishment and pathogenesis in finn dorset and scottish blackface lambs given a single moderate infection of haemonchus contortus. | an experiment was conducted to examine the influence of dietary protein on parasite establishment and pathogenesis of haemonchus contortus in lambs of two breeds. finn dorset and scottish blackface. the lambs were introduced to high protein (170 g crude protein (cp) kg-1 dry matter (dm) or low protein (88 g cp kg-1 dm) diets at three months old and infected one month later with 125 larvae (kg bodyweight)-1. blood and faecal samples were collected for analysis and bodyweights recorded weekly. the ... | 1985 | 3975483 |
| resistance of exotic and domestic lambs to experimental infection with haemonchus contortus. | | 1985 | 3980138 |
| the contribution of a partial tricarboxylic acid cycle to volatile end-products in thiabendazole-resistant and susceptible trichostrongylus colubriformis. | acetate, propionate, ethanol and propanol were the predominant end-products released during incubation of a thiabendazole resistant and a susceptible strain of trichostrongylus colubriformis. the parasites in all the incubations appeared to be deficient in reducing equivalents if the end-products arose from the classical catabolic pathway through fumarate reductase (ec 1.3.1.6). possible alternative pathways for accounting for redox balance, including beta-oxidation, the pentose phosphate pathwa ... | 1985 | 3990706 |
| the seasonal prevalence of inhibited development of haemonchus contortus in sheep in senegal. | throughout a period of 13 months, the abomasa of 1024 sheep, living in a sahelian region, were examined for adult haemonchus contortus and their inhibited l4 larvae. of these 796 (78%) were found harbouring h. contortus, but with low worm burdens (geometric mean 37). significant numbers of inhibited larvae appeared early in the dry season (november) and they represented 49% of the total in december. a similar proportion of inhibited larvae were present until april and after that their number dec ... | 1985 | 3992869 |
| cuticular carbohydrates of three nematode species and chemoreception by trichostrongylus colubriformis. | the cuticle of haemonchus contortus, nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trichostrongylus colubriformis contained n-acetylgalactosamine and n-acetylglucosamine, based on the binding of fluorescein-labelled lectins. binding of the lectins varied between the sexes and body regions of the nematodes. treatment of male t. colubriformis with the lectin lens culinaris agglutinin (lca) reduced the feeding by helminths that was stimulated by histamine and the male's response to their female's pheromone, bas ... | 1985 | 3998961 |
| study of gastro-intestinal strongylosis in a sheep flock on permanent pasture 2. sheep parasitism in 1978-1979. | the epidemiological study carried out in 1977 in the limousin region of france was continued for the next two years. eighty-five lambs were slaughtered at the rate of five animals every weeks: sixty were slaughtered from may 1978 to march 1979 and twenty-five from may to september 1979. total parasite counts and coprological examinations were carried out. in spring the infestation of the lambs was early and heavy, and revealed that certain free-living stages can survive in low temperatures. the ... | 1985 | 4014986 |
| effects of season and physical condition on the gastrointestinal helminth community of white-tailed deer from the texas edwards plateau. | eighty-six adult female white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann), collected over a 12-mo period in the texas edwards plateau, harbored six species of nematodes (haemonchus contortus, gongylonema pulchrum, oesophagostomum venulosum, ostertagia ostertagi, cooperia sp., and apteragia odocoilei), and two cestodes (moniezia sp. and taenia hydatigena). the patterns of distribution of the three common species of gastrointestinal helminths (h. contortus, o. venulosum, and g. pulchrum) were ... | 1985 | 4032624 |
| haemonchus contortus: qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids. | | 1985 | 4050203 |
| anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of goats. | cases of anthelmintic resistance on 3 goat farms in gippsland were investigated. on the first farm haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus colubriformis and ostertagia (teladorsagia) circumcincta were found to be resistant to fenbendazole, but the first 2 species were fully susceptible to levamisole. on the second farm a population of t. colubriformis, resistant to concurrent full doses of levamisole and a benzimidazole, was found to retain this resistance when transferred to sheep. on the third ... | 1985 | 4051913 |
| enhancement of resistance of lambs to haemonchus contortus by previous infection with ostertagia circumcincta. | two experiments were performed to determine whether previous infection of young lambs with ostertagia circumcincta increased their resistance to the development of haemonchus contortus and to explore alterations in the microenvironment of the abomasum related to the interaction. the parasitic infections were monitored with periodic fecal egg counts and by recovery and enumeration of parasites at necropsy of the lambs. alteration of the microenvironment was examined by measurement of serum gastri ... | 1985 | 4062019 |
| regulation of haemonchus contortus populations in sheep exposed to continuous infection. | | 1985 | 4066146 |
| studies on the abomasal pathology of immunized and non-immunized sheep infected with haemonchus contortus. | five adult ewes and five lambs were repeatedly immunized with weekly doses of 10,000 irradiated haemonchus contortus l3 before challenge with 100,000 and 10,000 normal larvae respectively. two groups of non-immunized ewes and lambs were similarly challenged and one animal from each of the four groups killed on days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 24 post-challenge. the cellular changes in the abomasal mucosa were less marked in the non-immunized groups than in the immunized animals and appeared later in the lam ... | 1985 | 4093592 |
| haemonchus contortus: enzymes. i. isoelectric focusing of malate dehydrogenase in sucrose and in polyacrylamide gels. | | 1970 | 4100983 |
| reaction of sheep serum , - and -globulins with third stage larvae of haemonchus contortus. | | 1972 | 4116199 |
| [pathogenesis of experimental invasions of haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in lambs and its changes after treatment with nilverm (ici)]. | | 1972 | 4211041 |
| some analyses of exsheathing fluid from infective haemonchus contortus larvae from ontario. | | 1974 | 4217323 |
| an observation on the maturation of arrested haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep. | | 1971 | 4253468 |
| gastrointestinal nematode populations in stabled ewes of rimouski region. | nematode populations is stabled ewes of the rimouski region were studied by means of fecal worm egg counts, fecal culture of larvae, and worm counts at necropsy. it was found that during the winter strongyle egg counts were low, trichostrongylus eggs being most numerous, the stronglye egg counts increased following lambing and reached peak in june. ostertagia spp was the principal contributor to this "spring-rise", with substantial contribution from trichostrongylus and haemonchus contortus. the ... | 1973 | 4270807 |
| controlled trials with morantel tartrate plus diethylcarbamazine given to lambs infected experimentally with haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta, nematodirus battus, trichostrongylus colubriformis and dictyocaulus filaria. | | 1973 | 4272498 |
| studies on the carbohydrate metabolism of third-stage haemonchus contortus larvae. | | 1969 | 4311241 |
| mode of action of the anthelminthic thiabendazole in haemonchus contortus. | | 1970 | 4319844 |
| reduction of cytochrome-c by haemonchus contortus larvae. | | 1968 | 4320254 |
| haemonchus contortus: enzymes. 3. glutamate dehydrogenase. | | 1973 | 4352927 |
| proceedings: arrested development of haemonchus contortus under field conditions. | | 1974 | 4419319 |
| the effect of natural worm loss on the estimate of anthelmintic activity in an anthelmintic test with haemonchus contortus. | | 1974 | 4419554 |
| the metabolism of glucose by haemonchus contortus, in vitro. | | 1974 | 4422110 |
| immunization in sheep orally vaccinated against haemonchus contortus. | | 1974 | 4429243 |
| controlled tests with phenothiazine and haloxon against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in lambs. | | 1974 | 4452494 |
| studies on haemonchus contortus. i. the influence of previous exposure to trichostrongylus axei on infestation with h. contortus. | | 1974 | 4469831 |
| development and survival of haemonchus contortus on pasture. | | 1974 | 4473945 |
| the incidence of haemonchus contortus infections in sheep abomasa received at animal health laboratories in new zealand. | | 1973 | 4515190 |
| inhibited development of haemonchus contortus in naturally acquired infections in sheep. | | 1973 | 4516769 |
| haemonchus contortus. infection in sheep: an electrophoretic analysis of serum proteins of actively immunized and normal lambs. | | 1974 | 4527824 |
| the persistence and fate of inhibited haemonchus contortus larvae in young sheep. | | 1974 | 4530943 |
| the anthelmintic efficacy of thiabendazole and levamisole against inhibited haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep. | | 1974 | 4531605 |
| trials with rafoxanide. 6. the effect of repeated and single treatments with rafoxanide against haemonchus contortus and oestrus ovis in sheep. | | 1973 | 4595667 |
| the effects of temperature on the survival and development of the free living stages of twisted wireworm haemonchus contortus rudolphi, 1803 of sheep and other ruminants. | | 1974 | 4598822 |
| haemonchus contortus: enzymes. ii. fructose diphosphate aldolase. | | 1972 | 4625806 |
| [hematological values in experimental infections by haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in lambs and changes following nilverm (ici) therapy]. | | 1973 | 4633931 |
| haemonchus contortus: factors determining the polymorphism of linguiform females. | | 1972 | 4648293 |
| studies on the arrested development of haemonchus contortus in sheep. ii. termination of arrested development and the spring rise phenomenon. | | 1972 | 4652910 |
| studies on the arrested development of haemonchus contortus in sheep. i. the induction of arrested development. | | 1972 | 4652919 |
| haemonchus contortus: attempts to determine biologic differences between the various morphologic types of females. | | 1972 | 4675137 |
| haemonchus contortus infection in sheep: effects of oral iron plus active, passive, and adoptive immunizations of the hematopoietic systems of lambs. | | 1972 | 4675196 |
| pathogenicity of experimentally induced concurrent infections of fasciola hepatica and haemonchus contortus in sheep. | | 1973 | 4683975 |
| experimental development of a cambendazole-resistant strain of haemonchus contortus in sheep. | | 1973 | 4687489 |
| determination of two populations of haemonchus contortus in sheep. | | 1973 | 4691496 |
| responses in florida native and rambouillet lambs exposed to one and two oral doses of haemonchus contortus. | | 1973 | 4707557 |
| unimpaired infectivity of the nematode haemonchus contortus after freezing for 44 weeks in the presence of liquid nitrogen. | | 1973 | 4711660 |
| responses to infection with haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in ewes of different reproductive status. | | 1973 | 4726285 |
| the fumarate reductase reaction of haemonchus contortus and the mode of action of some anthelmintics. | | 1973 | 4732036 |
| optimum temperature for egg development of phenotypes in haemonchus contortus cayugensis as determined by arrhenius diagrams and sacher's entropy function. | | 1973 | 4738725 |
| evaluation of the metabolic activity of embryos of some helminths by the chemiluminescence method and measurement of surface potential using a powder electrode. 3. haemonchus contortus (rudolphi 1803). | | 1973 | 4741204 |
| first report of human infection with haemonchus contortus, ostertagia ostertagi, and marshallagia marshalli (family trichostrongylidae) in iran. | | 1973 | 4760647 |
| protective effects of premunition and age-group interaction of haemonchus contortus in sheep. | | 1973 | 4762719 |
| morphological types in haemonchus contortus (nematoda) populations in ontario sheep. | | 1973 | 4778357 |
| self-cure of haemonchus contortus infections under field conditions. | | 1973 | 4786833 |
| the effect of various periods of infection with the nematode haemonchus contortus on the development of the nematode nematodirus battus. | | 1973 | 4786836 |
| on the relationship between abomasal electrolytes and some population parameters of the nematodes haemonchus contortus and nematodirus battus. | | 1973 | 4786837 |
| the effect of storage on the infectivity and parasitic development of third-stage haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep. | | 1973 | 4805154 |
| cambendazole-resistant haemonchus contortus strain in sheep: further experimental development. | | 1974 | 4821116 |
| the interaction of infections of haemonchus contortus and nematodirus battus in lambs. i. the effect of massive infections of haemonchus on subsequent infections of nematodirus. | | 1970 | 4907164 |
| structural differences in the egg envelopes of haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis (nematoda: trichostrongylidae). | | 1971 | 4927617 |
| the effect of large doses of haemonchus contortus on the level of plasma pepsinogen and the concentration of electrolytes in the abomasal fluid of sheep. | | 1971 | 4933333 |
| haemonchus contortus: food of preinfective larvae. | | 1971 | 4933697 |
| haemonchus contortus: somatic and metabolic antigens of third and fourth larval and adult stages. | | 1968 | 4973227 |
| partial characterization of haemonchus contortus exsheathing fluid. | | 1969 | 4974313 |
| effect of heterologous antibody on haemonchus contortus development in vitro. | | 1969 | 4978145 |
| 59fe retention in sheep as a function of age and of artificially induced parasitism with haemonchus contortus. | | 1971 | 4996587 |
| analyses of supernatant fluids from exsheathing infective haemonchus contortus cayugensis larvae. | | 1971 | 4998632 |
| haemonchus contortus--the effect on lambs of prolonged exposure to daily and weekly doses of infective larvae. | | 1972 | 5010455 |
| haemonchus contortus--haematological changes in lambs during prolonged exposure to daily and weekly doses of infective larvae. | | 1972 | 5010456 |
| exsheathment phenomenon in the infective-stage larvae of haemonchus contortus. | | 1972 | 5012525 |
| host responses of worm-free florida native and rambouillet lambs experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus. | | 1972 | 5017872 |
| selection for variations in pathogenicity of haemonchus contortus isolates. | | 1972 | 5047117 |
| motility and infectivity of haemonchus contortus larvae after freezing. | | 1972 | 5047563 |
| the effect of thiabendazole on fumarate reductase from thiabendazole-sensitive and resistant haemonchus contortus. | | 1972 | 5057246 |