| sero-diagnosis of schistosomiasis by elisa test in an endemic area of gimvi village, india. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was carried out in gimvi village, india, using antigens derived from s. haematobium and s. mansoni adult worms. patients excreting schistosome ova in urine elicited positive elisa titres, whereas patients who were previously positive but are no longer passing viable eggs were negative for elisa. | 1991 | 1902523 |
| urinary schistosomiasis with cutaneous lesions. | we report a case of urinary schistosomiasis with simultaneous presence of cutaneous lesions in a white male. the literature is reviewed, and the frequency, characteristics and physiopathology are discussed. | 1991 | 1902604 |
| assessment of cure in schistosomiasis patients after chemotherapy with praziquantel by quantitation of circulating anodic antigen (caa) in urine. | the kinetics of circulating anodic antigen (caa) levels in urine were studied in egyptian male patients infected with schistosoma mansoni or with both s. mansoni and s. haematobium, before treatment, and at one, three and six weeks after chemotherapy. a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) demonstrated caa in 82% of the serum and 89% of the urine samples from these 28 patients. to evaluate the possibility of circadian variability in urine caa levels, samples were examined in 15 ... | 1991 | 1903605 |
| factors affecting the intensity of reinfection with schistosoma haematobium following treatment with praziquantel. | infection with schistosoma haematobium was studied in a rural community of approximately 500 persons in eastern zimbabwe. the overall prevalence of infection, as determined by urine egg counts, was 40.1%, and of heavy infections (greater than or equal to 50 eggs/10 ml urine) was 11.0%. the prevalence of both heavy and all infections was highest in the 8 to 10-year-old age class. during 1987-88 data were obtained from 102 individuals on intensity of reinfection 14 weeks after treatment with prazi ... | 1991 | 1903882 |
| t-cell abnormality and defective interleukin-2 production in patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder with schistosomiasis. | patients with schistosomiasis of the urinary bladder (sb) and schistosomiasis with carcinoma of the urinary bladder (scb) had significantly increased percentage of il-2r-, hla-dr-, and transferrin receptor (t9)-bearing t cells in circulation. the percentage of these activated t cells decreased by in vitro culture with pha but increased by schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigen. these patients with sb and scb had a pha-specific defect in il-2 production. a functional defect with induction of ... | 1991 | 1905303 |
| acquired immunity and epidemiology of schistosoma haematobium. | human immune responses to schistosome infection have been characterized in detail. but there has been controversy over the relative importance of ecological factors (variation in exposure to infection) and immunological factors (acquired immunity) in determining the relationships between levels of infection and age typically found in areas where infection is endemic. independent effects of exposure and age on the rates of reinfection with schistosoma haematobium after chemotherapy have been demo ... | 1991 | 1905786 |
| [anatomopathologic diagnosis of parasitosis in congo]. | in the part ten years, 9,650 anatomopathologic examinations have been carried out in the national laboratory of histopathology for public health in brazzaville: 250 cases of parasitic infestation were diagnosed. in order of frequency were noted; 144 cases of bilharzia due to schistosoma haematobium with 75 genito-urinary localisations and 51 appendicular cases, 31 cases of onchocercosis with a majority of subcutaneous nodules (17), 17 cases of digestive helminthiasis all locate in the ileo-caeca ... | 1991 | 1905986 |
| pilot study of the potential use of leucocyte adherence to schistosoma haematobium eggs as an indication of immunity to reinfection. | | 1991 | 1906208 |
| diagnostic mr 31/32000 proteins of schistosoma mansoni (sm31/32) and s. haematobium (sh31/32): stability and reaction conditions for prospective field tests. | the existence of adult schistosoma haematobium worm proteins (sh31/32) homologous to the diagnostic sm31/32 of s. mansoni is shown. sm31/32 and sh31/32, adsorbed on nitrocellulose and kept dry on the bench before immunoblot analysis, were antigenically stable for at least 4 years including storage for 17 months in tropical climates. the antigens react with patient sera in the absence of defined buffers under rather simple conditions ("humid chamber blot"). the results add to the use of these ant ... | 1991 | 1908874 |
| [seroepidemiological study of urogenital schistosomiasis in algeria: the focus of khemis el kechna]. | two foci of schistosomiasis are known to be active in algeria, first in the north of the country, at wadi el hamiz in relation with the dam of el hamiz river in the commune of khemis el kechna; and the other in the south, in the tassili n'ajjer region (djanet, ihérir, tamadjert). in relation with a preparatory phase of a control programme of the disease a sero-epidemiological study was performed in the focus of khemis el kechna in 1987-1988; 1,876 parasitological samples and 1,760 serological sa ... | 1991 | 1914047 |
| a new focus of schistosoma haematobium/s. intercalatum hybrid in cameroon. | terminal-spined schistosome eggs were found in both stool and urine specimens of a high proportion of infected individuals in kinding njabi, a village located in a savannah/forest ecotone of center province, cameroon. infections with terminal-spined schistosomes are not common in that region and first appeared in kinding njabi in the mid-1980s. the village population, determined by house-to-house census in 1986, was 345. of 302 stool samples examined by a thick smear technique, 58 (19%) were pos ... | 1991 | 1928567 |
| schistosomiasis in cross river state, nigeria: 1. prevalence and intensity of infection in adim, akamkpa local government area. | mid-stream urine was randomly collected from 248 subjects in adim. blood and protein concentrations were determined semi-quantitatively using combi-7 reagent strips. the urine samples were then processed and any ova of schistosoma haematobium present were counted per 10 ml urine. fresh stool samples were also randomly collected, processed and examined for s. masoni and other helminthic ova. the prevalence of s. haematobium in the area was 43.5% and this was found to be age-related but not sex-re ... | 1991 | 1940328 |
| chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. iv. impact of repeated annual chemotherapy on prevalence and intensity of schistosoma haematobium infection in an endemic area of kenya. | to determine the effect of repeated, annual, age-targeted therapy on prevalence and intensity of schistosoma haematobium infection in an endemic area, we treated all available, infected, school-age children (n = 2, 493) in the msambweni area of coast province, kenya with a randomized protocol of oral metrifonate (10 mg/kg for three doses each year) or praziquantel therapy (40 mg/kg as a single dose each year) for a period of one to three years. during 1984-1987, 1, 101 children completed three y ... | 1991 | 1951859 |
| schistosomiasis of the appendix. | the clinicopathological features of schistosomiasis of the appendix are discussed, based on the clinical presentation, operative findings and morphological changes in the specimens of patients seen in ibadan between 1980 and 1989. schistosoma haematobium was implicated as the causal agent of a granulomatous inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia and fibrosis. intramuscular oviposition was associated with frank acute appendicitis, and serosal involvement resulted in peritoneal adhesions, with il ... | 1991 | 1958989 |
| detection of schistosome antigen in mummies. | | 1990 | 1969079 |
| evaluation of the reagent strip test for haematuria in the control of schistosoma haematobium infection in schoolchildren. | several recent reports have indicated the potential of the reagent strip test for haematuria in the diagnosis of schistosoma haematobium infection. approximately 15,000 schoolchildren from a population of 40,000 people were examined for reagent strip microhaematuria on three occasions between 1986 and 1987 and treated with praziquantel 40 mg/kg if positive. the reagent strip was evaluated against a single filtration of 10 ml urine for s. haematobium eggs. initially 65.9% of children were treated ... | 1990 | 1969705 |
| population dynamics model for bulinus globosus, intermediate host for schistosoma haematobium, in river habitats. | a mathematical model is developed that describes the population dynamics of the freshwater snail bulinus globosus, an intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium. the model is developed from field data recording abundance changes, recruitment rates, and mortality rates for adult snails in river habitats in zimbabwe. rate of recruitment into the adult population is dependent on temperature, incorporating a time lag to allow for growth to adult size. mortality rate is also a function of temperatu ... | 1990 | 1971492 |
| ectopic pregnancy associated with tubal schistosomiasis in a nigerian woman. | a case of ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy is presented. on histological examination of the fallopian tube involved, ova of schistosoma haematobium were found in the submucosal and intramural parts of the tube. the case illustrates a rare preventable cause of ectopic pregnancy in this population. | 1990 | 1972123 |
| mixed schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni infection: effect of different treatments on the serum level of circulating anodic antigen (caa). | in this study, levels of circulating anodic antigen (caa) in serum were investigated after differential treatment of 160 sudanese patients with mixed schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni infections. the patients were randomly divided into four groups, which were treated with metrifonate (two doses of 10 mg/kg bodyweight), oxamniquine (60 mg/kg), praziquantel (40 mg/kg), or a multivitamin preparation, respectively. serum, stool and urine samples were taken prior to treatment as well as one mont ... | 1990 | 1980801 |
| highly repeated short dna sequences in the genome of schistosoma mansoni recognized by a species-specific probe. | a cloned 0.64-kb dna sequence of schistosoma mansoni contains 121-bp tandem repeats and comprises at least 12% of the schistosomal genome of both sexes. it exhibits a high degree of species specificity upon hybridization with schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma magrebowiei dna, and could detect with high sensitivity schistosomal dna sequences in infected snails. | 1991 | 2011155 |
| effect of schistosome infection on protein, glycogen and glucose contents in biomphalaria arabica and bulinus truncatus. | b. arabica and b. truncatus the snail intermediate hosts of intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis in yemen arab republic, were bred in the laboratory and infected with s. mansoni and s. haematobium respectively. schistosome infection caused a marked decrease in the glycogen and protein contents in the tissue of b. arabica and b. truncatus. the glucose content in the hemolymph of both infected snails was lower than that in the normal snails. | 1991 | 2033308 |
| cercarial shedding patterns of schistosoma bovis and s. haematobium from single and mixed infections of bulinus truncatus. | the cercarial shedding of schistosoma bovis and s. haematobium were studied in single and mixed infections in the snail host bulinus truncatus. the two species displayed a distinctive diurnal cercarial emergence with an earlier shedding pattern for s. bovis than s. haematobium (the average emergence peaks were respectively at 0800 h and 1200 h). in mixed infections, each species kept its own cercarial shedding rhythm with no marked alterations. the cercarial emergence pattern is proposed as a ne ... | 1991 | 2050991 |
| adherence of blood platelets and leucocytes to hybrid schistosomes. | the bovine parasite, schistosoma mattheei was crossed with the human schistosome, s. haematobium. the f1 hybrids resulting from this cross were viable in both snails and rodents. however, f1 x f1 (f2) crosses were less viable in snails and a proportion of them seemed to be changed structurally when viewed by scanning electron microscopy. certain of the schistosomes were covered with a dense mass of interconnected blood platelets resembling a temporary haemostatic plug but not a blood clot. inter ... | 1990 | 2074140 |
| ratio of schistosoma haematobium to s. mattheei infections in bulinus africanus snails from rural areas in the eastern transvaal lowveld in south africa. | | 1990 | 2091350 |
| [immunoenzyme assay of parasite-specific igg4 antibodies in schistosomiasis using the monoclonal antibody bl-igg4/1]. | sera from 251 children living in endemic areas (schistosoma mansoni or schistosoma haematobium) and from 188 hospital outpatients in ethiopia were evaluated for specific igg4 antibodies reacting with schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen employing an enzyme-immunoassay. patients with schistosomiasis (n = 140) possessed a significantly higher mean value of specific igg4 antibodies than normal controls (n = 30) and individuals from different countries who had no schistosomiasis but are infected w ... | 1990 | 2097901 |
| prospects of vaccination against schistosomiasis. | the development of a vaccine against schistosomiasis is necessary in order to reduce the risk of reinfection after drug treatment. recent reports converge on a message strongly supporting the existence of naturally acquired human immunity to this infection and reinforcing the hypothesis that at least partial protection can be achieved by artificial means. advances in molecular biology have led to the identification and characterization of an array of protective schistosome antigens, and the intr ... | 1990 | 2102021 |
| vulvar schistosoma haematobium lesion treated with praziquantel. | | 1990 | 2106182 |
| leukocyte adherence to schistosoma haematobium eggs from children. | the pattern of leukocyte adherence to voided schistosoma haematobium eggs was compared in children 7-16 years old. a method enabling the measurement of the intensity of adherence was first developed by means of scanning electron microscopy, after which it was adapted for light microscopy. the intensity of adherence decreased from younger to older age groups. this result was unexpected, and has bearing on contemporary views on immunity to human schistosomiasis, particularly the blocking antibody ... | 1990 | 2107768 |
| mixed schistosoma haematobium/schistosoma intercalatum infection. | | 1990 | 2109968 |
| susceptibility of south african bulinus africanus populations to infection with schistosoma haematobium. | the use of intermediate host snails of schistosoma spp. which are insusceptible to infection has been proposed as a possible method of controlling schistosomiasis. the objective of this approach is to change the susceptibility of natural snail populations from being predominantly susceptible to a non-susceptible state, through the release of refractory snails into natural habitats. in an attempt to determine whether or not such refractory bulinus africanus populations occur in eastern south afri ... | 1990 | 2111941 |
| ultrasound scanning for detecting morbidity due to schistosoma haematobium and its resolution following treatment with different doses of praziquantel. | a study to assess the resolution of urinary tract morbidity due to schistosoma haematobium was conducted on 2 cohorts of schoolchildren attending neighbouring schools in kilombero district, southern tanzania. schoolchildren were screened for s. haematobium infection using the standard world health organization filtration technique and subsequently examined for urinary tract pathology using a portable 3.0 mhz sector scanner (siemens sonoline 1300). treatment with praziquantel was given to all inf ... | 1990 | 2111949 |
| immunization of baboons with attenuated schistosomula of schistosoma haematobium: levels of protection induced by immunization with larvae irradiated with 20 and 60 krad. | we have shown previously that baboons (papio anubis) develop high levels (greater than 80%) of protection against challenge infection following immunization with schistosoma haematobium cercariae irradiated with 20 krad. in the present study baboons were immunized with schistosomula irradiated with either 20 krad or 60 krad, with variations in the timing and number of larvae comprising each vaccination. baboons immunized 2 or 3 times with schistosomula irradiated with 20 krad were significantly ... | 1990 | 2111950 |
| [enzyme immunoassay of the level of parasite-specific ige antibodies in schistosomiasis using the monoclonal antibody bl-ige 9]. | sera from patients with chronic schistosomiasis (schistosoma mansoni or schistosoma haematobium) were examined for the presence of parasite specific ige antibodies by means of elisa technique using tegument antigen prepared from adult worms of schistosoma mansoni and using the monoclonal antibody bl-ige 9. individuals from tropical countries who had no schistosomiasis and blood donors from gdr were studied for comparison. significantly higher levels of specific ige antibody were given by sera fr ... | 1990 | 2111965 |
| [pulmonary arterial hypertension due to bilharziasis. apropos of a case due to schistosoma haematobium having been cured by praziquantel]. | a case of cardiopulmonary bilharziasis is studied in a female, 21 years old, from senegal, infested by schistosoma haematobium. with praziquantel, the patient was cured in 16 months. the cardiopulmonary bilharziasis is more frequent on pathological examination than in clinical features. the diagnosis of cardiopulmonary bilharziasis is made by pulmonary biopsy which shows an occlusive angiitis with chronic inflammatory cells, and arteriolar medial hypertrophy. the prognosis is dependent upon deve ... | 1990 | 2112430 |
| [human bilharziasis in the near-east mediterranean countries. historical aspects and current distribution]. | the countries surrounding the mediterranean share geographical ethnic, historical and pathological features. bilharziasis infectious found in these countries include s. haematobium infection in north africa, egypt and near east and s. mansoni infection in egypt and arabian peninsula. the origin of two bilharziasis is probably west and east africa, egypt. | 1990 | 2112431 |
| schistosoma haematobium infection in mauritania: two years of follow-up after a targeted chemotherapy--a life-table approach of the risk of reinfection. | reinfection pattern among 6- to 20-year-old subjects was studied over 24 months in two mauritanian villages of intense schistosoma haematobium infection after a targeted chemotherapy with praziquantel involving the whole community. subjects received treatment according to the presence of haematuria/proteinuria and this indirect screening technique was able to identify 98-100% of the heavily infected subjects (50 + eggs/10 ml). the two villages differed with respect to their characteristics, qual ... | 1990 | 2114011 |
| human schistosomiasis in cameroon. i. distribution of schistosomiasis. | the status of schistosomiasis in cameroon was examined in a nationwide survey of 5th grade schoolchildren. five hundred twelve schools were surveyed; 19,524 urine and 22,166 stool samples were examined. the 3 northern provinces, which comprised 29% of the population, had 87% of all urinary and 82% of all intestinal cases. these provinces have a low seasonal rainfall. the presence of temporary bodies of water and of molluscan intermediate hosts adapted to this environment permits intense transmis ... | 1990 | 2115306 |
| chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. ii. metrifonate vs. praziquantel in control of infection-associated morbidity. | to determine the relative efficacy of metrifonate and praziquantel in controlling urinary tract morbidity due to schistosoma haematobium infection, a random allocation treatment trial was performed among 1,813 school age s. haematobium-infected children from the msambweni area of coast province, kenya. following baseline examination for infection, hematuria, proteinuria, and ultrasonographic urinary tract abnormalities, oral treatment with either metrifonate (10 mg/kg, repeated at 4 month interv ... | 1990 | 2115308 |
| [bilharziasis in a biopsy sample]. | | 1990 | 2115678 |
| calcification of the large bowel in schistosomiasis demonstrated by computed tomography. | four cases are described in which large bowel calcification was demonstrated on ct. all four patients had mixed infection by schistosoma haematobium and mansoni, the latter being responsible for this abnormality. intestinal calcification by s. mansoni is unusual, but is especially well demonstrated by computed tomography. | 1990 | 2116210 |
| ultrasonographic assessment of urinary tract lesions due to schistosoma haematobium in niger after four consecutive years of treatment with praziquantel. | a comparative study on the extent of urinary tract abnormalities detected by ultrasound was conducted in two villages in an irrigated area of niger where the pretreatment prevalences were 64.3% and 58.8% respectively. fewer bladder lesions (20% of abnormalities) and fewer renal lesions (6% of abnormalities) were observed after four consecutive years of follow-up and treatment with praziquantel in the study village as compared to the control village where 54% bladder abnormalities and 36% renal a ... | 1990 | 2116659 |
| antibody responses in schistosomiasis haematobium in somalia. relation to age and infection intensity. | antibody responses in schistosomiasis haematobium were studied in relation to age and infection intensity in somalia. the area is highly endemic for schistosoma haematobium but free of s. mansoni. antibodies of the igg class against particulate antigens of s. mansoni adult worms were investigated by immunofluorescence (gut and somatic associated antigens) and against soluble egg and adult worm antigens by elisa. total ige levels were examined by pharmacia ige ria, and specific ige against solubl ... | 1990 | 2116776 |
| metrifonate or praziquantel treatment improves physical fitness and appetite of kenyan schoolboys with schistosoma haematobium and hookworm infections. | we studied physical fitness, as determined by the harvard step test (hst), and appetite, as measured by the consumption of a morning snack (maize meal porridge), in primary school boys infected with schistosoma haematobium (100% baseline prevalence) and hookworm (94-100% prevalence) who received a single dose of metrifonate (mt, 10 mg/kg body weight) or praziquantel (pr, 40 mg/kg body weight), or a placebo (pl). five weeks after treatment, hst scores and porridge intake increased significantly i ... | 1990 | 2117858 |
| canoeists and waterborne diseases in south africa. | the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis (schistosoma haematobium) in canoeists in south africa was estimated from examinations of urine samples taken from participants in the 1988 and 1989 duzi canoe marathons on the umsinduzi/umgeni river in natal. as an indicator of water quality during races, water samples were taken from the river for bacteriological analysis. results showed a very low prevalence of s. haematobium and possible reasons for this are offered. faecal coliform levels in the riv ... | 1990 | 2118684 |
| [urinary schistosomiasis in the saharan mountain plateau of air (republic of niger)]. | in two villages of the aïr (republic of niger) the authors have found a schistosoma haematobium overall prevalence of 24.1% at timia and 43.5% at el meki. at el meki, the distribution of prevalences by age group accords to that which is usually found. the maximum is found in the 5-14 years age group and highest in men than in women. at timia, the prevalence among young pupils is low, this seems to be due to the application of sanitary education measures. at el meki, bulinus truncatus rohlfsi, pr ... | 1990 | 2119898 |
| control of morbidity due to schistosoma haematobium on pemba island: egg excretion and hematuria as indicators of infection. | the variability of schistosoma haematobium egg excretion using a quantitative syringe filtration technique and the variability of hematuria detected visually and by reagent strips were studied in a population of 520 subjects from the village of pujini (pemba island, zanzibar, tanzania) for 6 consecutive days. a high degree of day-to-day variability of egg excretion within subjects was found both in the whole population and in the 5-19 year age group. subjects with 1 urinary egg count of greater ... | 1990 | 2121056 |
| a note on the post-aestivation biology of bulinus rohlfsi (clessin), an intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium (bilharz) in northern nigeria. | | 1990 | 2124099 |
| progress in the control of schistosomiasis in egypt 1985-1988. | continuing epidemiological evaluation of schistosomiasis intervention measures applied in middle and upper egypt since 1985 indicate that a large measure of control of schistosoma haematobium has been achieved in relation to both prevalence and intensity of the infection and incidence of new infections. transmission control has, however, been inadequate in many areas, since numerous re-infections occurred in treated schoolchildren. variable compliance rates in the chemotherapy delivery system we ... | 1990 | 2124392 |
| water contact and schistosoma haematobium infection: a case study from an upper egyptian village. | the quantitative relationship between water contact and schistosoma haematobium infection was studied in a cohort of male school children aged 6-17 in el ayaisha village, upper egypt, during a two-year study. an exposure index (total body minutes, tbm) was used to identify the activities responsible for exposure to cercariae-infested water and to examine the relationship between water contact and infection. results show that 65% of all contacts and 86% of all tbm were due to swimming in the nile ... | 1990 | 2124576 |
| frequency and possible consequences of hybridization between schistosoma haematobium and s. mattheei in the eastern transvaal lowveld. | a survey was conducted at a locality in the eastern transvaal lowveld where the prevalence of human infection with the bovine parasite, schistosoma mattheei, is relatively high. it was found that, when compared to the number of s. haematobium eggs released into the environment, the number of s. mattheei eggs, with enclosed hybrid miracidia, is small. the consequences of backcrossing between the hybrids and s. haematobium was considered; a mathematical model indicated that a high percentage of th ... | 1990 | 2126549 |
| [epidemiological study of schistosomes in a coastal lake of recent formation]. | parasitological and malacological surveys were conducted round a fresh water lake, previously a salted lagoon, in the south of bénin and leaded to measure prevalence of schistosomiasis. 23 percent of population were found positive for schistosoma haematobium and 13.4 percent for s. mansoni. prevalences were different from locality to locality according to beach variations, but mean of parasite density was quite constant. males were significantly more infected than females and young adults were m ... | 1990 | 2126751 |
| schistosoma haematobium cercariae transmission patterns in freshwater systems of anambra state, nigeria. | the seasonality of infection of bulinus (ph.) globosus, the snail host of schistosoma haematobium is reported. the pattern of snail infection was shown to vary with the type of habitats. the cercarial "transmission potential" was calculated based on the number of infected snails and the level of cercarial production. it is consequently assumed that the transmission pattern varies with season and habitat type. dry season transmission potential was found to be high in running water habitats while ... | 1990 | 2127166 |
| measurement of schistosomiasis-related morbidity at community level in areas of different endemicity. | among the indicators of schistosomiasis morbidity currently used in control programmes, ultrasound has been found to be a safe, non-invasive and efficient technique for detecting schistosomiasis-related lesions and for assessing the effect of treatment on their resolution. three case-studies from east africa, in areas of different endemicity for schistosoma haematobium, using ultrasound are described and their results related to indirect measurements of the disease (e.g., haematuria, egg counts) ... | 1990 | 2127383 |
| water demand and schistosomiasis among the gumau people of bauchi state, nigeria. | a helminthological study of stool and urine samples from 1037 people from 4 rural communities in gumau district of bauchi state, nigeria, was carried out using formol-ether concentration and direct centrifugation methods respectively. 39.0% of persons examined were infected. ova of ascaris lumbricoides, schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni were the most common. trichuris trichiura, hookworm, tapeworm and strongyloides stercoralis were also encountered. 17.9% and 10.8% of examined persons had s ... | 1990 | 2128667 |
| relationship between bladder cancer incidence, schistosoma haematobium infection, and geographical region in zimbabwe. | bladder cancer is common in zimbabwe, possibly due to the high prevalence of schistosoma haematobium infection in some areas. we undertook a correlational study based on retrospective medical record review to see whether the number of bladder cancers could be related to geographical region and prevalence of s. haematobium infection. we also determined patient demographic characteristics and tumour histology. of 483 patients identified (1984-1987), 69% with available histology had squamous cell c ... | 1990 | 2128668 |
| immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis by falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (fast-elisa) and by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) technique. | the falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (fast-elisa) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) technique were used to test human sera with dracunculus medinensis adult worm antigen in order to assess their potential value in the immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis. the human sera used were from patients with prepatent and patent d. medinensis infections or from patients infected with other nematodes (onchocerca volvulus and loa loa) or trematodes (schistosom ... | 1990 | 2148463 |
| do all human urinary infections with schistosoma mattheei represent hybridization between s. haematobium and s. mattheei? | enzyme electrophoresis indicated that all schistosoma mattheei eggs passed in the urine of humans derive from s. mattheei females in copula with s. haematobium males. it appears that s. mattheei males do not reach sexual maturity in man; however, s. haematobiumxs. mattheei males possibly do. | 1990 | 2149382 |
| schistosoma haematobium: the effect of astiban on the cell composition and ultrastructure of the vitelline gland and the ultrastructure of the tegument and gastrodermis. | treatment of schistosoma haematobium (nigerian strain) in hamsters with a single dose of 40 mg/kg of astiban caused a reduction in the number of s1, s2, and s3 vitelline cells and an increase in s4 cells. following seven daily doses of the drug, a marked reduction in s1 cells and a complete loss of s2 and s3 cells occurred such that 95% of the cells were s4 cells, all of which were structurally abnormal. coagulation and disintegration of the protein granules of the vitelline droplets occurred wi ... | 1990 | 2159964 |
| the gene family encoding eggshell proteins of schistosoma japonicum. | the four closely related genes encoding eggshell proteins in the human parasite schistosoma japonicum are described. a cdna and a genomic dna library were constructed and members of the eggshell protein gene family isolated. the four genes in this family do not contain introns, and differ in organization and nucleotide sequence from the related set of genes in schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma haematobium. the coding sequences of two of the s. japonicum genes and their flanking regions were de ... | 1990 | 2172818 |
| a technique for identification of cercariae of schistosoma haematobium, s. curassoni, s. bovis and s. intercalatum. | the chaetotaxy of 84 samples or isolates of schistosoma spp. from western or central africa has been studied. three indices were calculated for cercariae of each sample; their average value, the skewness and kurtosis of each indice was established. each species (s. haematobium, s. curassoni, s. bovis and s. intercalatum) was discriminated with nine variables. the present work gives information to assess, specific diagnosis with simple calculations easily achieved on a small computer. | 1990 | 2221757 |
| [fallopian tube bilharziasis caused by schistosoma intercalatum disclosed by hemoperitoneum]. | schistosomiasis due to schistosoma intercalatumis common in gabon and, since 1971, schistosoma haematobium has been found in the south of the country. genital involvement is infrequent: 0.8 per cent of gynecologic specimens sent to the pathology laboratory and ten of 622 fallopian tube specimens (1.5 per cent). we report an unusual clinical case with hemoperitoneum as the first manifestation: the schistosomal lesion was developed within the tubal serosa, and caused a breach in an arteriole respo ... | 1990 | 2281956 |
| variation in the morphology of the dorsal and dorso-lateral tegument of male schistosoma haematobium from southern africa. | the teguments of schistosoma haematobium males from three localities in the eastern transvaal and one in the eastern caprivi were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. eastern transvaal s. haematobium, which occurs sympatrically with s. mattheei, a bovine schistosome also infecting man and which hybridizes with s. haematobium, exhibited certain s. mattheei characteristics. the occurrence of these characteristics were neither related to the prevalence of human s. mattheei infections n ... | 1990 | 2283474 |
| analysis and comparison of cercarial emergence rhythms of schistosoma haematobium, s. intercalatum, s. bovis, and their hybrid progeny. | in identical experimental conditions, the three schistosomes of the terminal spined egg group (s. haematobium, s. intercalatum and s. bovis) showed significant differences in their cercarial shedding patterns. the cercariae of the f1 hybrids, obtained by experimental crosses between these three species, showed the same circadian emergence rhythm (with one peak) as the cercariae of the parental species. however, the mean shedding time of these hybrid parasites (12:14 +/- 1 h 34 min for s. haemato ... | 1990 | 2332278 |
| temporal patterns in the epidemiology of schistosome infections of snails: a model for field data. | the prevalence of patent schistosome infections of intermediate host snails often shows seasonal variations. for schistosome, mainly schistosoma haematobium, infections of bulinus globosus field data from zimbabwe show annual ranges in prevalence from 2% to 30%. in this paper a mathematical model is developed for b. globosus population dynamics and the epidemiology of schistosome infection. the model is a discrete-time analogue of a catalytic model, with an added recruitment term. snail fecundit ... | 1990 | 2345659 |
| the granulocyte response of bulinus africanus to infection with compatible and non-compatible trematode parasites. | the granulocyte response of b. africanus was investigated after infection with either a compatible or a non-compatible trematode parasite. in both experiments a decrease in the granulocyte numbers was observed 7 days post-infection. this was maintained for 20 days. an observation made after 42 days showed that the numbers had recovered to normal. the granulocyte numbers of snails previously infected with s. mansoni (non-compatible) also showed a decrease 7 days after a reinfection. in this case, ... | 1990 | 2358314 |
| on the distribution of schistosome infections among host snails. | the distribution of schistosoma haematobium infections in a population of bulinus globosus snails collected from a field site in zimbabwe is described. cercariae of both sexes emerged from a proportion of patent infected snails, as was demonstrated by the detection of paired schistosomes in hamsters each exposed to cercariae from a single snail. these snails must have been infected by two or more miracidia. analysis showed that the proportion of mixed-sex infections was higher than expected if i ... | 1990 | 2358316 |
| the effect of schistosoma haematobium infection on the growth and fecundity of three sympatric species of bulinid snails. | three species of bulinid snails were monitored to determine the effect of infection with 2 sympatric strains of schistosoma haematobium on longevity, growth, and reproductive output, from the onset of cercarial production until death. bulinus senegalensis was least affected by infection, with total fecundity reduced by less than 34%. infected bulinus truncatus showed an acceleration in growth accompanied by a 63% reduction in fecundity, although the majority of snails continued to oviposit at a ... | 1990 | 2380865 |
| genetic variability in the compatibility between schistosoma haematobium and its potential vectors in niger. epidemiological implications. | a populational study of the compatibility between schistosoma haematobium and its potential vectors has been carried out in the niger, confronting samples of s. haematobium populations from three epidemiologic foci with bulinus populations originating from the same focus (sympatric infection) and with bulinus populations from other foci (allopatric infections). the three transmission foci selected were irrigation canals in ricefields along the niger river where one finds: bulinus truncatus rohlf ... | 1990 | 2382092 |
| characterization of developmentally regulated epitopes of schistosoma mansoni egg glycoprotein antigens. | the chemical and antigenic composition of a major group of concanavalin a-binding glycoprotein antigens of schistosoma mansoni eggs was examined by the use of monoclonal antibodies. the individual glycoproteins of this group each displayed a very wide range of apparent m.w. and had isoelectric points of less than 5 when analyzed by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. these glycoproteins could be chemically labeled with 125iodine by two different methods and ... | 1985 | 2409151 |
| ige response and histamine release in chronic human schistosomiasis. | total and specific ige anti-schistosome antibodies were quantitated in 31 patients with chronic schistosomiasis and in 15 controls. both levels of total and specific ige were significantly increased in sera of 74 and 68% of infected patients respectively. histamine release from basophils by specific antigens was assessed using a spectrofluorimetric method. this test was found to be highly significant in all the patients studied. there was a significant correlation between specific ige levels and ... | 1985 | 2411308 |
| human schistosomiasis: deficiency of large granular lymphocytes and indomethacin-sensitive suppression of natural killing. | twenty-eight children infected with schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni were tested for natural killer (nk) cell activity in vitro using the myeloid/erythroid cell line k562 as target. in addition, the frequency of large granular lymphocytes (lgl) and the number of hnk-1+ lymphocytes were examined in peripheral blood. nk cell activity was found to be markedly reduced in most patients when compared with a group of healthy caucasian individuals (p less than 0.005). moreover, the impairment of n ... | 1986 | 2419970 |
| molecular identity of a major antigen of schistosoma mansoni which cross-reacts with trichinella spiralis and fasciola hepatica. | a glycoprotein cross-reactive among schistosoma mansoni, trichinella spiralis and fasciola hepatica was identified and characterized by use of monoclonal antibodies prepared against s. mansoni glycoproteins. four monoclonal antibodies recognized the same antigen which was one of the major s. mansoni glycoproteins precipitated by sera of hosts infected with either s. mansoni or t. spiralis. this antigen was expressed in s. mansoni cercariae, adult male and female worms, and eggs, and in s. haemat ... | 1986 | 2421229 |
| patterns of schistosoma haematobium egg distribution in the human lower urinary tract. ii. obstructive uropathy. | in a series of 32 unselected consecutive autopsies of egyptian male adults, we found a significant prevalence of schistosomal obstructive uropathy (sou) and of precursor lesions of stenosis, fibrosis and induration of the ureters (62.5%). lower urinary tracts with obstructive uropathy had a significantly higher total egg burden (teb) than did lower urinary tracts with any other type of gross lesion (i.e., benign prostatic hypertrophy, other urethral outlet obstruction, or sou precursor lesions). ... | 1986 | 2425648 |
| decalcification of schistosome eggs during staining of tissue sections: a potential source of diagnostic error. | miracidial nuclei within calcified schistosome eggs are frequently mummified. calcified eggs are often decalcified prior to or during the routine processing and staining of tissues, and mummified miracidial nuclei then stain clearly and are often arranged in the patterns seen in live eggs. these miracidia may be incorrectly assumed to be alive or to have died recently and thus be taken as evidence of an active infection requiring chemotherapy. the present observations demonstrate the decalcifica ... | 1986 | 2429569 |
| igm antibodies recognizing carbohydrate epitopes shared between schistosomula and miracidia of schistosoma mansoni that block in vitro killing. | a series of monoclonal antibodies (mab) was raised in mice against schistosoma mansoni, which recognized a carbohydrate determinant on a major mr greater than 200,000 schistosomulum surface antigen. these mab cross-reacted with the surface of cercariae and miracidia and with schistosomula of s. haematobium and s. bovis. other mab were generated that only recognized a mr 20,000 schistosomulum surface antigen; they did not cross-react with eggs or miracidia and were species specific. the anti-mr 2 ... | 1986 | 2431050 |
| immunohistochemical observations of keratins, involucrin, and epithelial membrane antigen in urinary bladder carcinomas from patients infected with schistosoma haematobium. | squamous cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder and the epithelial lesions associated with infection by schistosoma haematobium were histopathologically and immunohistochemically described for keratin proteins (tk, 41-65 kda; kl1, 55-57 kda; pkk1, 40, 45 and 52.5 kda), involucrin, and epithelial membrane antigen (ema). normal urothelial epithelium was positive for all keratins, and showed absent or slight reactions for involucrin and ema in superficial umbrella cells. the intestinal type of epit ... | 1987 | 2440175 |
| surface and species-specific antigens of schistosoma haematobium. | of the surface antigens identified by radio-iodination, two-dimensional gel analyses showed no similarities between those of schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma mansoni, thus providing a basis for the species specificity of these antigens described previously (simpson, knight, hagan, hodgson, wilkins & smithers (1985) parasitology 90, 499-508). the surface antigens of s. haematobium were glycosylated and comprised an acidic polypeptide of mr 17,000 as well as a complex set of polypeptides of ... | 1987 | 2447549 |
| signet ring cell carcinoma in a schistosoma-infested bladder: case report and histochemical study. | a case of signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with concomitant schistosoma haematobium infection is reported with a histochemical study of mucous secretion. this rare kind of tumor differentiation in schistosoma-related neoplasms may suggest that the tumor-promoting stimuli, acting on reserve cells of bladder epithelium, do not determine the tumor differentiation pattern as strictly as currently thought. | 1989 | 2473566 |
| proteinuria and haematuria as predictors of schistosomiasis in children. | examination of urine samples from 922 children from epe and surrounding communities in south-western nigeria indicated a 13% prevalence of schistosoma haematobium infection. children, 10-14 years of age, accounted for 65% of the disease prevalence. approximately 79% of the study population was negative for proteinuria, while 52.6% of children with 30 mg% proteinuria were positive for s. haematobium infection. however, 96% and 100% of all children who, respectively, had 30 mg% and 100 mg% protein ... | 1989 | 2475060 |
| variable species and stage specificity of schistosomulum surface epitopes recognized by mice vaccinated with highly irradiated cercariae. | antibodies from mice vaccinated with highly irradiated schistosoma mansoni or s. haematobium cercariae were used to characterize schistosomulum surface epitopes which were found to be diverse in their species and stage specificities. the epitopes recognized on the mr greater than 200,000 and 15,000 schistosomulum surface antigens of s. mansoni and the mr greater than 200,000 schistosomulum surface antigen of s. haematobium were found to be cross-specific whereas those on the mr 38,000, 32,000 an ... | 1989 | 2475844 |
| selective exposure of active and sociable children to schistosomiasis. | investigations into the impact of schistosomiasis on the physical and psychological development of children have yielded contradictory findings. this may be due to a failure to take account of transmission factors. in areas where schistosoma haematobium is endemic, children who bathe regularly in contaminated water are more likely to contract the disease. the harmful effects of the disease may be masked in these more active and gregarious children, particularly when infections are mild and other ... | 1988 | 2476973 |
| acute obstructive urinary schistosomiasis mimicking clinical glomerulonephritis: an unrecognized syndrome. | urinary schistosomiasis presenting with the clinical signs of acute glomerulonephritis is described in 20 african children. nineteen had oedema, 10 had circulatory overload, 11 had hypertension, 12 had oligoanuria and all had obstructive uropathy with hydronephrosis. lack of support for a diagnosis of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (psgn) was the absence in these patients of a raised anti-streptolysin 0 titre and marked reduction in c3, which are noted in about 93% of those with psgn. fur ... | 1989 | 2482001 |
| antibody to schistosomulum surface carbohydrate epitopes in subjects infected with schistosoma haematobium. | the binding of immunoglobulin to carbohydrate epitopes on the surface of schistosoma mansoni schistosomula was measured with 125i-labelled protein a in sera from 67 gambian subjects living in a focus of intense s. haematobium transmission. the levels of such antibody differed considerably between subjects and there was significant variation between age groups. the highest mean level, in subjects aged between 8 and 14 years, was significantly greater than that in older subjects. previous studies ... | 1989 | 2482557 |
| giant fibrous pseudotumor of the testicular tunics in association with schistosoma haematobium infection. | a giant fibrous pseudotumor of the right testicular tunics in a 27-year-old zambian is presented. it has been suggested that associated schistosoma haematobium infection could have contributed to the giant size and rapid growth of the lesion. | 1989 | 2492352 |
| pathology resulting from the administration of a live attenuated anti-schistosoma haematobium vaccine in baboons. | baboons (papio anubis) were injected in the leg muscle with 18,000 20 krad irradiated schistosomula of schistosoma haematobium. four protocols were followed: single, primary injection; single injection into animals primed by patent s. haematobium infection; secondary vaccine injection following an earlier injection; and single injection following praziquantel treatment of infected animals. injection of the putative vaccine elicited localized mixed inflammatory infiltration at the site of injecti ... | 1989 | 2492778 |
| renal function and morphology in sudanese patients with advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and portal hypertension. | the association between glomerular disease and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is well documented in reports from south america. during the present hospital investigation in sudan, 58 patients admitted for intercurrent complications of advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis were studied. the patients, median age 35 years, had no concurrent schistosoma haematobium infection. diagnostic criteria included an enlarged spleen (n = 58), at least 1 episode of hematemesis (n = 55) and/or melena (n = 36), ... | 1989 | 2493202 |
| a new suspected focus of schistosoma haematobium in the metema area, gonder administrative region, north-west ethiopia. | two cases of schistosoma haematobium, one in a 10 year old boy who was born in metema and had never left the area, and another from a sudaness refugee, are reported. further investigation is required to verify if s. haematobium has been imported from sudan or is being transmitted in metema. | 1989 | 2493370 |
| [schistosomiasis]. | schistosomiasis ranks among the major public health problems in the tropics and subtropics. the disease is caused by the parasite schistosoma, a flatworm with a life cyclus including man as the definitive host and a freshwater snail as the intermediate host. during the last ten years one hundred cases of this disease have been reported in norway. we report two cases of schistosomiasis, one patient infected with schistosoma japonicum, the first reported case in norway, the other with schistosoma ... | 1989 | 2493686 |
| the detection of ige by radio allergosorbent technique (r.a.s.t.) and elisa in egyptian cases of schistosomiasis. | studies were carried out on the radioallergosorbent test (r.a.s.t.) in comparison with the elisa for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. using sera from known s. mansoni, s. haematobium and both s. mansoni and s. haematobium cases, r.a.s.t. showed high sensitivity; 72%, 55% and 75% respectively, in the detection and quantification of specific ige antibodies. while in case of elisa only 20% of patients were positive. with control sera, both tests showed 100% negative. it is concluded that r.a.s.t. ... | 1989 | 2496184 |
| new trends in the sero-diagnosis of schistosomiasis in egypt. | a comparison has been made of a newly modified diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent technique (dig-elisa) and an established, standardized elisa, using sera as well as whole blood adsorbed on filter paper discs. with known human cases of s. mansoni and/or s. haematobium, both tests showed great sensitivity in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis; 93%-95% positive for elisa and 92%-93% positive by dig-elisa on using egg antigens, while 92% positive for elisa and 91% positive by dig-elisa when ... | 1989 | 2496186 |
| [immunofluorescence serologic findings in schistosomiasis. methodologic aspects]. | in 101 africans with schistosomiasis the ifat showed sensitivity in 71%, in which cases frozen sections of adult mansoni-bilharzias were used as antigen. an observation of the sensitivity of the ifat separated according to the species of parasites for the affection with s. mansoni resulted in a by 23% higher sensitivity in contrast to the s. haematobium affection. in double infestation the sensitivity was 77%. using a soluble s. mansoni antigen the elisa had a sensitivity of 53% in the affection ... | 1989 | 2496532 |
| association between hla-a, b, c and dr antigens and clinical manifestations of schistosoma haematobium in the bladder. | this study is a search for the genetic susceptibility of egyptians to schistosoma haematobium infestation with its various bladder complications, including cancer. 80 bilharzial patients, 20 with simple bilharzial bladder cystitis, 30 with bilharzial bladder lesions, and 30 with bilharzial bladder cancer, as well as 35 normal egyptian controls were studied. all patients were typed for hla-a, b, c and dr antigens using the microlymphocytotoxicity test. hla-a9 and its split aw24 antigens were foun ... | 1989 | 2497017 |
| poor patient compliance reduces the efficacy of metrifonate treatment of schistosoma haematobium in somalia. | the degree of compliance during metrifonate therapy of schistosoma haematobium infection has been evaluated together with its impact on drug efficacy in two rural villages in somalia. drug treatment was offered to all subjects with s. haematobium infection. 243 subjects were screened for the presence of eggs in the urine using a sensitive nucleopore filtration method and 211 were positive. all infected patients were put on a treatment schedule of 3 doses of metrifonate 7.5 mg/kg at fortnightly i ... | 1989 | 2498106 |
| field diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis by multiple use of nuclepore urine filters. | it has been recognized recently that the standard field technique for the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis, urine filtration using reusable polyamide mesh filters, may give false-positive findings because filters cannot be washed adequately in all circumstances. in this study the alternative filtration method using polycarbonate membrane filters was tested, and the same problem existed. a variety of more vigorous washing procedures was field tested with the conclusion that polycarbonate filt ... | 1989 | 2498496 |
| schistosome vaccines: current progress and future prospects. | vaccination against human schistosomes in laboratory hosts is now a reality. a number of different parasite molecules have been shown to confer partial protective immunity against challenge infection with schistosoma mansoni or schistosoma japonicum in rodent or primate hosts. these antigens are unusually diverse in their structure and stage specificity. interestingly, although all of the vaccine molecules characterized are situated in the tegument, their exposure on the parasite surface, in mos ... | 1989 | 2498828 |
| dose-finding study for praziquantel therapy of schistosoma haematobium in coast province, kenya. | to assess the efficacy of low dose praziquantel regimens in comparison with standard 40 mg/kg dosing in the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis, a random allocation dose-finding trial was performed in children and adults from a schistosoma haematobium endemic region in coast province, kenya. following an initial screening, 280 individuals with greater than or equal to 50 eggs/10 ml urine were randomly assigned to receive either 10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg of the drug in a single oral dose. two to t ... | 1989 | 2499203 |
| ultrasonographic assessment of the regression of bladder and renal lesions due to schistosoma haematobium after treatment with praziquantel. | the effect of praziquantel on urinary tract lesions due to schistosoma haematobium was assessed by ultrasound in an endemic village in niger. ten months after treatment with praziquantel, bladder and renal lesions among the 149 patients were assessed. the parasitological cure rate was 87%. ultrasonography proved to be an excellent tool to assess pathological changes. it is reliable, quickly performed, well accepted by the community and permits the definition of a "regression-rate" of the patholo ... | 1989 | 2499278 |
| 1983 nile delta schistosomiasis survey: 48 years after scott. | to determine whether the sharply declining schistosoma haematobium infection rates in parts of the nile delta could be generalized to the entire region, and to update the status of s. mansoni infection rates, a large scale survey was undertaken in 1983 in 70 of the 71 districts of the nile delta. in a house-to-house survey, greater than 91% of the sample population of 16,675 participated by providing stool and/or urine specimens which were examined qualitatively by kato thick smear and sedimenta ... | 1989 | 2504069 |
| total and specific immunoglobulin e in schistosomiasis. | total and schistosoma related ige were estimated in sera from 29 active schistosomal patients with different infection intensities and different pathological complications. schistosomal patients had significantly higher total ige levels and parasite related ige was detected in 89.65% of them. a highly significant correlation was found between total and specific ige. no correlation was found between neither total ige nor parasite related ige and the log and mean of stool egg counts. the levels of ... | 1989 | 2504824 |
| prevalence and control of schistosoma haematobium infections in the amran subprovince of the yemen arab republic. | 803 schoolchildren in the subprovince of amran were examined for s. haematobium. the prevalence was 28.9%. stool samples of 92 children were negative for s. mansoni eggs. bulinus snails were most frequent, whereas biomphalaria were rare. control measures included chemotherapy and mollusciciding. the prevalence in 8 selected villages could be reduced by this from 36.3% down to 5.1%. no gross haematuria and only one single case of heavy infection were detected. eradication of this disease seems fe ... | 1989 | 2505380 |