| renal pathology in saimiri monkeys during a vaccine trial using the recombinant circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium vivax. | renal specimens of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus boliviensis) were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry to examine the pathologic changes during vaccine trials with four recombinant circumsporozoite (cs) proteins (rpvcs-1, rpvcs-2, rpvcs-3, ns1(81) v20) of plasmodium vivax. the monkeys were vaccinated and later challenged with p. vivax sporozoites. among the 33 posttrial biopsies, 17 had mild to moderate mesangial proliferation and nine had interstitial nephritis. immunohist ... | 1991 | 2042706 |
| malaria in israel: the ethiopian connection. | over 2,000 cases of imported malaria were diagnosed in israel in the last decade, the vast majority in immigrants from ethiopia, making malaria a continuing public health problem of significance. in 1988, more than one- fifth of imported cases were caused by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum. since the anopheles vector is still present in many areas of the country, it is necessary to detect and treat all cases quickly and effectively and to strengthen anti-malaria vector activities if ... | 1991 | 2050510 |
| periodic and chaotic host-parasite interactions in human malaria. | it has been recognized since ancient times that malaria fever is highly periodic but the mechanism has been poorly understood. malaria fever is related to the parasite growth cycle in erythrocytes. after a fixed period of replication, a mature parasite (schizont) causes the infected erythrocyte to rupture, releasing progeny that quickly invade other erythrocytes. simultaneous rupture of a large number of schizonts stimulates a host fever response. febrile temperatures are damaging to plasmodium ... | 1991 | 2052590 |
| global distribution of a variant of the circumsporozoite gene of plasmodium vivax. | the global distribution of a newly described variant of the plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (cs) gene was determined by genetic analysis of wild isolates. whole blood specimens were collected on filter paper from patients infected with p. vivax in south america. west africa, and the indian subcontinent. p. vivax dna was released from the filter paper samples, and the cs gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed for genetic variation. amplified dna was probed with oligonucleo ... | 1991 | 2056208 |
| chloroquine resistance in plasmodium vivax. | | 1991 | 2056216 |
| polyclonal b-lymphocyte stimulation in human malaria and its association with ongoing parasitemia. | to study the polyclonal b-lymphocyte stimulation or activation (pba) phenomenon in human malaria, the numbers of immunoglobulin (g, a, and m)-secreting cells in the peripheral blood, serum levels of immunoglobulins, and the presence of antibodies directed against the dna-autoantigen were evaluated in plasmodium falciparum- and p. vivax-infected individuals. individuals chronically exposed to the risk of infection or non-immune subjects who contracted malaria during first visits to endemic areas ... | 1991 | 2063961 |
| a newly-recognized vector of human malarial parasites in the oriental region, anopheles (cellia) pseudowillmori (theobald, 1910). | | 1991 | 2068752 |
| antigenic polymorphism in malaria: is it an important mechanism for immune evasion? | malarial infections do not readily evoke an effective protective immunity against re-infection. possible reasons for this include the ability of the parasites to interfere with the host's immune response and to evade the response in an immune host, by, for example, exploiting antigenic polymorphism or variation. antigenic polymorphism undoubtedly exists in malaria parasite populations but does this polymorphism actually contribute to immune evasion by the parasite? here, kamini mendis and collea ... | 1991 | 2069676 |
| [a case of plasmodium vivax malaria with findings of dic]. | we reported a rare case of plasmodium vivax malaria who showed findings of disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic). a 50-year-old japanese male was sent to our hospital with the diagnosis of plasmodium vivax malaria on the 26th of april, 1990. he had stayed in the solomon islands from oct. 1987 to dec. 1989, and had febrile episodes during his stay in the island. on april 18, 1990, he complained of a high fever with chills, and showed the same episodes on the 20th, 22th and was diagnosed as ... | 1991 | 2071964 |
| [an update on the therapy of malaria]. | the authors analyze the recent treatment regimens of malaria, related to plasmodium strains and clinical manifestation. chloroquine is the first choice drug for uncomplicated chloroquine-sensitive p. falciparum, whereas for p. malariae, p. vivax and p. ovale infections treatment with chloroquine plus primaquine is also recommended. for uncomplicated chloroquine-resistant p. falciparum infections many treatment regimens are available. management of complications is also analyzed. | 1990 | 2075276 |
| [malaria epidemiology]. | the investigators examine the worldwide epidemiological aspects of malaria infection, stressing the importance of possible alternative pathways of plasmodium transmission in countries considered free of infection. the potential danger due to the persistence in italy of the anopheles mosquito, which could resume its role as a vector of plasmodium in the future, is pointed out. | 1990 | 2075279 |
| detection of multiple invasion of erythrocytes by plasmodium vivax. | an attempt was made to detect multiple invasion of erythrocytes by plasmodium vivax in district shahjahanpur, india. out of 33,027 p. vivax cases examined, 84 showed multiple invasion of erythrocytes. there were 14 cases who showed more than five rings in an erythrocyte. maximum invasion of an erythrocyte was observed in a 50 year old male patient, a single erythrocyte was harbouring 12 rings. in 5 patients more than one schizonts were present in single erythrocyte. the number of merozoites per ... | 1990 | 2075390 |
| [a case of congenital malaria with atypical expression of plasmodium vivax originating from madagascar]. | | 1990 | 2078076 |
| [malaria in 1989 in a village in the highland plateaux of madagascar. parasitologic and clinical data obtained in a longitudinal study of a population representative of this region]. | | 1990 | 2078077 |
| [preliminary study on malaria transmission at the end of the rainy season in mahitsy near tananarive]. | this survey carried out from march to june 1989, demonstrated the important part of an. funestus in malaria transmission, in mahisty, a village near the malagasy capital city. end of march, the number of an. funestus bites reached 6 per man per night, and only 0.75 for an. gambiae s.l. in march a mean of 23 an. funestus per room were found as indoor resting mosquitoes. one indoor resting an. funestus, caught in june, was positive against p. vivax by elisa. observed of 52 indoor-resting an. funes ... | 1990 | 2078087 |
| identification of a chloroquine artifact by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | | 1990 | 2084135 |
| efficacy of amodiaquine against a chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium vivax. | | 1990 | 2091330 |
| large-scale production of plasmodium vivax sporozoites. | mass-scale production of plasmodium vivax sporozoites in anopheles stephensi was achieved using the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) as a source of infective blood. membrane feeding was as successful as feeding mosquitoes directly on the animal so long as the time between drawing the blood and feeding was restricted to 45 min. longer delays such as 2-3 h resulted in loss of infectivity in terms of oocyst production. the selected strain of a. stephensi was highly susceptible to p. vivax (chesson stra ... | 1990 | 2092287 |
| studies on genetic polymorphism in relation to malaria in tea gardens of dibrugarh district, assam. | | 1990 | 2093007 |
| human immunization with attenuated sporozoites. | studies conducted between 1971 and 1975 showed that attenuated sporozoites can induce protection against human malaria. three volunteers were protected against challenge with either a homologous or heterologous strain of plasmodium falciparum after being exposed to a total of 440-987 x-irradiated mosquitos on 6-8 occasions over a period of 10-38 weeks. protection lasted for at least 8 weeks, but not 16 weeks, after the last immunization with irradiated sporozoites. another 7 volunteers were not ... | 1990 | 2094578 |
| antibody responses to plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax sporozoites in areas with stable and unstable malaria. | availability of synthetic and recombinant peptides reproducing the repetitive regions of the circumsporozoite (cs) proteins of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax has allowed the development of assays for the detection of specific antibodies and of potential subunit vaccines. knowledge of the immune responses to malaria sporozoites is a prerequisite for the optimal design of a sporozoite antigen-based vaccine. studies carried out in areas with stable p. falciparum malaria (united republic of tanz ... | 1990 | 2094587 |
| testing of plasmodium vivax cs proteins in saimiri monkeys. | recombinant proteins directed against the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of plasmodium vivax were tested for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. the monkeys were immunized 3 times with either alum or muramyl tripeptide as adjuvant, and were challenged with 10,000 sporozoites (p. vivax, salvador i strain) from mosquitos infected by membrane feeding on gametocytes from chimpanzees. antibodies, measured by indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests and enzyme ... | 1990 | 2094590 |
| immunity to falciparum and vivax malaria induced by irradiated sporozoites: a review of the university of maryland studies, 1971-75. | the immunogenicity in adult male volunteers of sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax was evaluated at the university of maryland from 1971 to 1975. inoculation of large numbers of sporozoites by mosquitos that had been x-irradiated proved safe and well tolerated, and the sporozoites were rendered noninfective. three volunteers were protectively immunized by this method, one against p. falciparum, one against p. vivax, and one against both species. protection was species- and stage-sp ... | 1990 | 2094597 |
| effects of untreated bed nets on the transmission of plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax and wuchereria bancrofti in papua new guinea. | the impact of untreated bed nets on the transmission of human malaria and filariasis in a village in a hyperendemic area of papua new guinea was studied. in anopheline mosquitoes, the plasmodium falciparum sporozoite antigen positivity rate, filarial infection rates and human blood indices dropped significantly after bed nets were introduced. this reduction in human-vector contact did not affect mosquito density as no significant difference in either landing rates or indoor resting catches was f ... | 1990 | 2096502 |
| c-reactive protein and the liver stage of plasmodium vivax and p. berghei. | | 1990 | 2096504 |
| experience with the becton dickinson qbc ii centrifugal haematology analyser for haemoparasites. | | 1990 | 2096505 |
| patterns of erythropoiesis and anaemia in malaria. | of 138 patients with malaria, 90 were found to be having plasmodium falciparum in their peripheral blood smears. megaloblastosis alone or in combination with the other patterns of erythropoiesis was observed in 82.1 percent cases of chronic p. falciparum malaria as compared to 36.3 and 26.5 per cent cases of acute p. falciparum and p. vivax malaria respectively. iron deficiency was observed in 15.5 percent cases of chronic p. falciparum, 18.2 per cent cases of acute p. falciparum and 13.3 per ce ... | 1990 | 2098429 |
| detection of plasmodia in acridine orange stained capillary tubes (the qbc system). | the sensitivity, specificity and convenience of carrying out malaria diagnosis in acridine orange stained capillary tubes using a fluorescent microscope (the qbc system) was compared to screening for plasmodia on conventional giemsa stained thick smears. a dilution study revealed that the qbc is able to detect plasmodia in as low a dilution as 5 organisms per ul. the qbc system was evaluated at a district hospital in thailand. a preliminary study of 186 patients compared the qbc system to the ro ... | 1990 | 2098913 |
| clinical experience with halofantrine in the treatment of malaria. | halofantrine hydrochloride (hf) belongs to a new class of antimalarials, the phenanthrene methanols. preliminary clinical studies suggested that an adult dose of 500 mg 6-hourly for three doses, with a weight-based regimen of 8 mg/kg 6-hourly for three doses in children, would be effective. in an ongoing clinical programme, 1973 patients with acute malaria were analysed, of whom 1474 (1315 with p. falciparum and 122 with p. vivax malaria) received the above regimen. in the studies 931 adults and ... | 1990 | 2100732 |
| [malaria in spain]. | | 1990 | 2103299 |
| [induced malaria in drug addicts? a real problem in our country?]. | | 1990 | 2103300 |
| cell-adhesive motif in region ii of malarial circumsporozoite protein. | the segment of the malarial circumsporozoite (cs) protein designated region ii is highly conserved among different malarial species. a similar sequence is also present in several other proteins, including thrombospondin, properdin, and a blood-stage antigen of plasmodium falciparum. by means of peptides synthesized from sequences of the plasmodium vivax cs protein in the vicinity of region ii, it was found that two overlapping 18- to 20-amino acid peptides promoted the adhesion of a variety of h ... | 1990 | 2120774 |
| imported malaria associated with malariotherapy of lyme disease--new jersey. | | 1990 | 2123017 |
| anti-parasite effects of cytokines in malaria. | cytokines induced during natural malaria infections, e.g., at crisis of a blood infection of plasmodium cynomolgi, and during clinical paroxysms in human plasmodium vivax infections, mediate killing of intra-erythrocytic blood stage malaria parasites. these cytokines, tnf and ifn-gamma, require additional, yet unidentified complementary factors that are present in "crisis" and "paroxysm" serum to kill intra-erythrocytic blood stage parasites. in contrast, cytokines, (mainly ifn-gamma) are able t ... | 1990 | 2126526 |
| [the prevention of malaria by ecologically safe methods]. | 120 imported cases of malaria and 2 cases of malaria among the native population (1986-1987) likely infected by parasite carriers were registered over a period from 1970 to 1988 in georgia. the attention has been focused on the planning of preventive measures. parasitological service of the sanitary epidemiological stations is being improved. population of anophelogenic reservoirs with the larvae-eating fish gambusia (brought from italy by n. p. rukhadze in 1925) seems to be of great importance. ... | 1990 | 2146472 |
| comparison of experimental infectivity and development of plasmodium vivax in anopheles sacharovi and an. superpictus in turkey. | a study has been made of the infectivity and the sporogenic development of plasmodium vivax in anopheles sacharovi and an. superpictus under experimental conditions. an. superpictus showed a slightly lower rate of feeding on human bait, oocyst development, and sporozoite infection of the salivary glands, with ratios of 89.3:100, 89:100, and 98:100, respectively. an. superpictus completed sporogony in 10-14 days with an average of 11.7 days, and an. sacharovi within 8-12 days with an average of 9 ... | 1990 | 2180330 |
| characteristics of malaria transmission in kataragama, sri lanka: a focus for immuno-epidemiological studies. | parasitological and entomological parameters of malaria transmission were monitored for 17 months in 3,625 residents in a plasmodium vivax malaria endemic region in southern sri lanka; the study area consisted of 7 contiguous villages where routine national malaria control operations were being conducted. malaria was monitored in every resident; fever patients were screened and 4 periodical mass blood surveys were conducted. an annual malaria incidence rate of 23.1% was reported during the perio ... | 1990 | 2184688 |
| infectivity of gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax after storage in vitro. | | 1990 | 2184788 |
| susceptibility of anopheles hermsi to plasmodium vivax. | two outbreaks of plasmodium vivax malaria have occurred recently in southern california, and anopheles hermsi, a newly described species closely related to a freeborni, has been implicated as the vector. to assess the competence of a. hermsi as a vector, its susceptibility to p. vivax was compared with that of the efficient vector a. freeborni by allowing 150 females of each species to feed to repletion on infected squirrel monkeys. oocyst density was greater in a. hermsi than in a. freeborni, a ... | 1990 | 2187365 |
| a stable, oligosymptomatic malaria focus in thailand. | blood from most of the 250 residents of a non-migratory farming village in south-eastern thailand was visually examined for malaria parasites monthly for 2 years. nearly 97% of the population had at least one (median = 5) patent plasmodium falciparum infection per year; 72% had one due to p. vivax (median = 1). this contrasted with a slide positivity rate of 17% calculated from 12 months of passive case detection before the study began. children 1-9 years old had the highest mean monthly prevale ... | 1990 | 2189235 |
| the prevalence of naturally acquired multiple infections of wuchereria bancrofti and human malarias in anophelines. | malaria and filaria infection rates were determined for anopheline mosquitoes collected whilst biting and resting in village houses in papua new guinea. the number of anophelines infected with both parasites was greater than expected from the infection rates of each parasite and this difference was significant in resting collections. the excess of multiply infected mosquitoes is probably a result of a vector population composed of individuals with differing numbers of opportunities to become inf ... | 1990 | 2194153 |
| a rapid sporozoite elisa using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine as the substrate chromogen. | a modified version of the standard 2-site sporozoite enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (tmb) as the substrate chromogen solution was adapted for rapid detection and identification of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax circumsporozoite (cs) proteins. the tmb-elisa was evaluated using sporozoites from experimentally infected mosquitoes and laboratory colonized uninfected mosquitoes. our data indicate comparable sensitivity levels between the tmb-elisa a ... | 1990 | 2184690 |
| [nutritional status in children under 6 years of age and its relation to malaria and intestinal parasitism]. | in order to determine the prevalence of the nutritional situation in children under six years of age and to study the relation with malaria and intestinal parasitism an epidemiological study of a cross sectional was carried out in cordoba locality, buenaventura municipality in the colombian pacific coast. one hundred and twenty eight children were studied to whom a questionnaire, a thick smear examination, and a serological test through the indirect immunofluorescence reaction was practiced. cop ... | 1990 | 2184526 |
| human t cell proliferative responses to plasmodium vivax antigens: evidence of immunosuppression following prolonged exposure to endemic malaria. | human t cell proliferative responses, of 33 adult sri lankans convalescing from plasmodium vivax infections, to several p. vivax antigens (i.e. a soluble extract of asexual erythrocytic stage parasites and two cloned antigens that are potential vaccine candidates pv200 and gam-1) were assessed. the peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to the soluble extract of p. vivax, as assessed by studying both the proportion of responders and the degree of the response, were significant ... | 1990 | 2196178 |
| treatment of malaria--1990. | malaria has become an increasingly common health problem in the 1970s and 1980s, both in areas where infection is endemic and in travellers returning to non-endemic areas. the severity of infection varies widely, depending on the plasmodial species involved, and there is an extensive chemotherapeutic armamentarium currently available to combat malarial infection. drug chemistry, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of drug action and resistance, and toxicities are outlined for the cinchona alkaloids (qui ... | 1990 | 2183998 |
| [the differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malaria]. | | 1990 | 2199227 |
| congenital malaria in one identical twin. | | 1990 | 2199541 |
| natural malaria infections in anophelines in rondonia state, brazilian amazon. | the use of an immunoassay for the detection of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax circumsporozoite (cs) antigens in anophelines has recently incriminated other malaria vectors besides anopheles darlingi in the brazilian amazon. in this study we analyzed 12,336 field-collected anophelines from endemic areas in rondonia for plasmodial infection. sixty-one specimens from 6 species were positive: 47 an. darlingi, 5 an. triannulatus, 4 an. albitarsis, 2 an. braziliensis, 2 an. strodei, and 1 an. oswa ... | 1990 | 2200290 |
| malaria in children. | fifty-four cases of malaria in children seen during an 11-year period are described. there have been more cases seen in recent years, and the proportion of plasmodium falciparum malaria has increased. compliance with chemoprophylaxis is poor, but compliance does not guarantee protection. malaria is the primary diagnostic consideration in any child recently returning from an endemic area who presents with fever. two cases are described. | 1990 | 2181413 |
| malaria in leicester 1983-1988: a review of 114 cases. | we have reviewed 114 episodes of malaria in 110 patients who were admitted to the infectious diseases unit in leicester during the 5 year period from february 1983-january 1988. there were 71 episodes of vivax malaria (62%), 33 episodes of falciparum malaria (29%), four patients with mixed infection and six patients with negative blood films who were diagnosed on clinical suspicion alone. most patients presented in the summer months, 68% were aged under 40 years, 39% were born in the indian subc ... | 1990 | 2181023 |
| interpretation of low-level plasmodium infection rates determined by elisa for anophelines (diptera: culicidae) from egyptian oases. | plasmodium infection rates determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were compared for anopheles sergentii (theobald) and an. multicolor cambouliu in siwa oasis, egypt, an area with low-level plasmodium vivax transmission, and in bahariya and farafra, two other egyptian oases which appear to be free of malaria. initial testing indicated that 4.4% (23 of 518) and 0.8% (4 of 518) of the an. sergentii were positive for p. vivax and p. falciparum, respectively, and that 1.4% (1 of 71) ... | 1990 | 2201771 |
| a comparison of two dna probes, one specific for plasmodium falciparum and one with wider reactivity, in the diagnosis of malaria. | the sensitivity and specificity of 2 probes for the detection of malarial infection was studied. 399 blood samples from gambian children were tested in a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) hybridization assay, and the results compared with the microscopical findings from thick blood films. 8 additional pure plasmodium malariae and 14 pure p. vivax samples were also assayed. one probe, containing a 21 base pair tandem repeat and highly specific for p. falciparum, detected this species in all except 2 of ... | 1990 | 2202099 |
| malaria transmission and vector biology in manarintsoa, high plateaux of madagascar. | to evaluate the factors which determine the transmission level of falciparum malaria, entomological and parasitological surveys were conducted from october 1988 to february 1990 in manarintsoa in the central highland plateaux of madagascar. mosquitoes were collected for 928 man-nights in pit shelters and indoor resting sites. malaria vectors were anopheles arabiensis and an. funestus, with no evidence of the presence of an. gambiae sensu stricto. vectors were mainly exophilic and zoophilic. the ... | 1990 | 2202220 |
| [clinical evaluation of antimalarial drugs]. | we have analyzed the clinical data of 189 patients with malaria to establish antimalarial regimens in japan. the causative parasite species were plasmodium falciparum in 56 cases (30%), p. vivax in 132 (70%) and p. malariae in 1 (1%). the outcomes f malaria cases are as follows: cure rats in falciparum and vivax malaria are 86% and 91%, respectively. two patients died of falciparum malaria and recurrence occurred in 6 cases (11%) of falciparum malaria. relapse was seen in 12 (9%) of vivax malari ... | 1990 | 2205671 |
| fine structure of the erythrocytic stages of plasmodium vivax and the host cell alterations. | fine structural analysis of the trophic and sexual stages of plasmodium vivax obtained from naturally infected humans revealed that in general, the structural features as well as certain specialized functions such as haemoglobin ingestion and utilization etc., are similar to those described for other malaria parasites. young trophozoite is characterised by less condense cytoplasm with scattering of free ribosomes and minimum amount of endoplasmic reticulum. the trophozoite grows by feeding on th ... | 1990 | 2209930 |
| chemotherapy: principles in practice--a case study of the philippines. | this paper reports on the principles that form the basis of chemotherapy and examines the operational considerations that affect their practice in a developing country like the philippines, where malaria endemicity is synonymous with difficult topography, poor public health infrastructure, and alternative means of obtaining medication. the practice of using microscopic diagnosis for radical treatment is followed routinely and uniformly. where policy dictates that all fever cases be screened, the ... | 1990 | 2180084 |
| [incidences of dic complication in japanese patients with malaria]. | fourty eight patients with falciparum malaria (14) and vivax malaria (34) were evaluated retrospectively as to whether dic (disseminated intravascular coagulation) had been complicated or not. serum concentration of fibrin-degradation products (fdp) was elevated in 8 cases (57%) of falciparum malaria and 3 cases (9%) of vivax malaria. thrombocytopenia was found in 12 cases (88%) of falciparum malaria and in 30 cases (86%) of vivax malaria. prothrombin time elongated in 4 cases (8%) and plasma co ... | 1990 | 2212761 |
| factors affecting the human-feeding behavior of anopheline mosquitoes in egyptian oases. | blood meals were tested by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for 424 anopheles sergentii and for 63 an. multicolor collected in siwa, farafra and bahariya oases in the western desert of egypt. both species were highly zoophilic. human blood-feeding by an. sergentii was less common in bahariya (2.3%) and farafra (1.3%) than in siwa (15.3%). a likely explanation is that large domestic animals are held at night inside houses in bahariya and in farafra whereas in siwa, animals are u ... | 1990 | 2230773 |
| sickle haemoglobin, g-6pd deficiency and malaria in western orissa. | sixty cases of malaria were screened for sickle haemoglobin and g-6pd deficiency. plasmodium vivax was detected in 40 (66%) and plasmodium falciparum in 21 (35%) cases, with six of the latter having cerebral manifestation. sickle hb was found in 7 (11.5%) patients and g-6pd deficiency in 3 (5%) cases. both patients with ss disease had vivax malaria, while of 5 with sickle cell trait 3 had only vivax, one only falciparum and one mixed infection. amongst g-6pd deficient patients one had vivax and ... | 1990 | 2246194 |
| changes in plasma lipoproteins in acute malaria. | plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were monitored in 16 patients with acute malaria. plasma high density lipoprotein (hdl) levels decreased dramatically during the first 3 d after diagnosis to around 0.2 mmol l-1 (reference range 0.8-1.6 mmol l-1). the low hdl levels were related to parasitaemia, and rapidly recovered after successful therapy. plasma triglyceride concentrations were moderately increased and plasma low density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol concentrations decreased during ... | 1990 | 2179459 |
| the duffy receptor family of plasmodium knowlesi is located within the micronemes of invasive malaria merozoites. | plasmodium vivax and plasmodium knowlesi merozoites invade human erythrocytes that express duffy blood group surface determinants. a soluble parasite protein of 135 kd binds specifically to a human duffy antigen. using antisera affinity purified on the 135 kd protein, we cloned a gene that encodes a member of a p. knowlesi family of erythrocyte binding proteins. the gene is a member of a family that includes three homologous genes located on separate chromosomes. two genes are expressed as major ... | 1990 | 2170017 |
| gastrointestinal bleeding in malaria. | hematological alterations are frequent in patients with malaria. however, these rarely manifest clinically, except for symptoms due to anemia. two cases with gastrointestinal hemorrhage as a complication of malaria are reported. | 1990 | 2258215 |
| detection of malaria endemicity in community villages in north sumatra, indonesia by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for malaria was used in north sumatra, indonesia as an epidemiological survey tool. the seroepidemiological investigation was concentrated on junior high schools. serum samples obtained were classified according to the villages of origin of the students. the mean of elisa values of each village group was compared with the parasite rate in primary schools in their native villages. a good correlation was observed between them (r = 0.96). the present results ind ... | 1990 | 2260894 |
| [comparative studies on the role of anopheles anthropophagus and anopheles sinensis in malaria transmission in china]. | this paper reports on the studies of the role of anopheles anthropophagus and anopheles sinensis in malaria transmission in a sense to elucidate which one of the two species the predominance in this respect. systematic investigations including artificial infection of mosquitoes, quantitative entomological studies and parasitological research were conducted in 1982-1987 in 5 pilot areas in anhui (1), guangxi (2), sichuan (1) and guangdong (1). the results revealed that the susceptibility of an. a ... | 1990 | 2276188 |
| from the centers for disease control. transmission of plasmodium vivax malaria--san diego county, california, 1988 and 1989. | | 1990 | 2155329 |
| malaria in displaced persons along the thai-burmese border. | malaria epidemiology in displaced karen ethnic children along the thai-burmese (myanmar) border was observed for 3 years. an active screening process in connection with malaria chemoprophylaxis trials showed a decrease in malaria prevalence over time in children not receiving chemoprophylaxis. the number of malaria cases detected at a primary health care clinic in the same area remained stable. | 1990 | 2144910 |
| [the immunoenzymatic assay (elisa) in the serodiagnosis of plasmodium vivax]. | elisa was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of plasmodium vivax using homologous antigen. this was a crude fraction obtained after detergent (np-40) lysis of human parasitized red blood cells. antibodies of the classes igm, igg, iga were determined in a pool of eleven sera from patients with p. vivax malaria. the protein a was introduced as secondary probe to screen p. vivax antibodies in 30 sera of patients harbouring a first episode of p. vivax malaria. there was a correlation of 93% with the pa ... | 1990 | 2135372 |
| t cell responses in a sporozoite-immunized human volunteer and a chimpanzee. | we have recently investigated the specificity of t cells induced in a human volunteer and a chimpanzee immunized by multiple exposures to the bites of large numbers of malaria-infected mosquitoes. t cell lines and clones have been obtained from a human volunteer immunized with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. these cd4+ t cell clones specifically recognize the native circumsporozoite (cs) protein expressed on sporozoites, as well as bacteria- and yeast-derived recombinant falciparum cs protein ... | 1990 | 2283162 |
| [pulmonary manifestations of malaria]. | pulmonary edema is a classic and severe manifestation of falciparum malaria. to evaluate the predictive factors of this severe complication, we studied epidemiological, clinical and biological data of 136 patients with acute malaria. two groups were individualized according to the presence (group i = 53 patients) or the absence (group ii = 83 patients) of pulmonary manifestations. pulmonary signs incidence was not correlated with impairement consciousness, creatinemia, hypoglycemia, and coagulat ... | 1990 | 2286002 |
| serum tumor necrosis factor associated with malaria in patients in the solomon islands. | there is now significant evidence that tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is involved in the pathogenesis of malaria. we have tested sera from patients presenting with a febrile illness admitted to hospital in honiara, solomon islands, for the presence of tnf, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-1 (il-1). this study differs from previous reports as the subjects were mainly adults from a semi-immune population living in an endemic area. the results from 2 different commercially-available assays for tnf we ... | 1990 | 2126152 |
| plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis circumsporozoite gene structure and its implications for the evolution of the repeat regions. | the circumsporozoite (cs) gene encodes the most immunogenic component of the plasmodial sporozoites. the immunodominant epitope-encoding domain of the cs gene shows sequences that are repeated in tandem. a detailed analysis of the cs repeats of certain closely related malaria parasites (strains of plasmodium cynomolgi, plasmodium knowlesi, and plasmodium vivax) showed that they evolve rapidly yet are well conserved within the gene. we were interested in studying whether the cs repeats of plasmod ... | 1990 | 2290446 |
| vector-transmitted diseases in central america, belize and panama. | | 1990 | 2124815 |
| widespread reactivity of human sera with a variant repeat of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium vivax. | a panel of brazilian and indian sera was screened for reactivity with a variant strain of plasmodium vivax recently isolated in thailand. this strain has been shown to have a unique repeat region which differs from the previously described p. vivax cs proteins. a total of 21/343 human sera were found to react with a synthetic peptide representing the variant p. vivax repeat. all of the sera that reacted with the variant repeat peptide, (angagnqpg)4, also reacted with variant p. vivax sporozoites ... | 1990 | 2122747 |
| plasmodium vivax: malarial proteins associated with the membrane-bound caveola-vesicle complexes and cytoplasmic cleft structures of infected erythrocytes. | the identification of antigens of parasite origin associated with the altered membrane of plasmodium vivax-infected erythrocytes was undertaken in this study. the 125i-lactoperoxidase catalyzed surface radiolabeling of trophozoite-infected erythrocytes revealed new bands of 95 and 70 kda not labeled in normal erythrocytes. erythrocyte membrane-enriched preparations from [35s]methionine biosynthetically labeled-infected erythrocytes also indicated that in addition to bands at 95 and 70 kda, sever ... | 1990 | 2403934 |
| mefloquine for malaria. | | 1990 | 2405246 |
| malaria: triple whammy for a traveler. | | 1990 | 2407874 |
| [rapid staining methods for the detection of malaria parasites]. | | 1985 | 2408783 |
| occupational malaria in thai rangers: epidemiological, clinical and immunological features. | malaria continues to be a serious disease threat to soldiers deployed in tropical environments. distinct features of the disease and the host immune response require that malaria occurring in occupational groups be investigated separately from the infection as found in endemic populations. for the first time since the vietnam war, malaria has been systematically studied in soldiers under combat conditions. in this report we describe characteristics of malaria as experienced by thai rangers opera ... | 1990 | 2120625 |
| circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium vivax: gene cloning and characterization of the immunodominant epitope. | the gene encoding the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of the human malaria parasite plasmodium vivax has been cloned. the deduced sequence of the protein consists of 373 amino acids with a central region of 19 tandem repeats of the nonapeptide asp-arg-ala-asp/ala-gly-gln-pro-ala-gly. a synthetic 18-amino acid peptide containing two tandem repeats binds to a monoclonal antibody directed to the cs protein of plasmodium vivax and inhibits the interaction of this antibody with the native protein in sp ... | 1985 | 2414847 |
| sequence of the immunodominant epitope for the surface protein on sporozoites of plasmodium vivax. | plasmodium vivax is one of the four malaria parasites that cause disease in humans. the structure of the immunodominant repeating peptide of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of p. vivax was determined. a fragment of p. vivax dna that encodes this tandemly repeating epitope was isolated by use of an oligonucleotide probe whose sequence is thought to be conserved in cs protein genes. dna sequence analysis of the p. vivax clone indicates that the cs repeat is nine amino acids in length (gly-asp-ar ... | 1985 | 2416057 |
| laboratory diagnosis of malaria. | | 1985 | 2417946 |
| identification of plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for identifying plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes is described. monoclonal antibodies produced against thailand p. vivax sporozoites were used in an elisa to detect and identify homologous sporozoites of southeast asian, mexican and north korean origin in extracts of frozen or dried infected mosquitoes. the assay was sensitive enough to detect 1 infected mosquito in a pool of 20 insects or 125-250 sporozoites per 30 microliter of mosq ... | 1985 | 2422965 |
| further studies on the antigenic diversity of the circumsporozoite proteins of the plasmodium cynomolgi complex. | the circumsporozoite (cs) proteins of strains of the plasmodium cynomolgi complex have been examined using antisporozoite monoclonal antibodies (mab) in various immunologic assays. we found extensive antigenic diversity in the repeating immunodominant epitope of the cs proteins of the various strains. based on the antigenicity and the electrophoretic mobility of their cs protein, the 11 strains that we examined can be placed in 7 distinct groups. our data also indicate homology between the immun ... | 1986 | 2422969 |
| [malaria prevention. chemotherapy and immune prophylaxis. 3. immune response of infected organism. perspectives of malaria prevention]. | | 1986 | 2423092 |
| a review of antimalarial drug pyronaridine. | | 1990 | 2118061 |
| imported malaria in italy from 1986 to 1988. | the trend of imported malaria cases in italy from 1960 to 1988 is discussed. comparative analysis of malaria incidence in the last three years is also presented. since 1985, a rapid increase was recorded with 191 cases in 1986, 287 in 1987 and 350 in 1988. in 1986-1988 plasmodium falciparum was responsible for 74% cases of the total number, followed by p. vivax (21%), p. malariae (2.2%) and p. ovale (1%). 86% of the imported cases was acquired in african countries, 8% in asia and 3% in south ame ... | 1990 | 2114489 |
| development of immunity in natural plasmodium falciparum malaria: antibodies to the falciparum sporozoite vaccine 1 antigen (r32tet32). | antibodies that reacted with a candidate sporozoite vaccine antigen (r32tet32) were found in 20 of 21 patients treated for acute infection with plasmodium falciparum and monitored longitudinally over 67 days. r32tet32 contains 32 tandem copies of a tetrapeptide sequence that constitutes the immunodominant epitope of the circumsporozoite surface protein. the magnitude of the antibody response varied considerably among individuals and appeared to be independent of the number of previous clinical i ... | 1987 | 2439533 |
| clinical profile of malaria in children--a prospective study from aligarh (n. india). | in a prospective, hospital-based study in north india, malaria accounted for 1.5% of paediatric outpatient attendances during 1 year. a marked increase in the prevalence of malaria was noted during the post-monsoon months. plasmodium falciparum was the causative species in 44.4% of cases, contrary to previous reports of low prevalence of this parasite in the area. pyrexia with or without chills or rigor, vomiting, pallor and hepatosplenomegaly were the common presenting clinical features. spleni ... | 1987 | 2441656 |
| antigenic analysis of the repeat domain of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium vivax. | in the present study we analyzed the fine specificity of mouse monoclonal and human polyclonal antibodies directed against the repeat domain of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of the human malaria parasite, plasmodium vivax. five synthetic peptides, representing monomeric and dimeric repeats of this malarial antigen, were assayed for their capacity to inhibit the binding of these antibodies to a yeast-derived recombinant cs protein. the results revealed the existence of at least two distinct r ... | 1987 | 2442254 |
| a new human duffy blood group specificity defined by a murine monoclonal antibody. immunogenetics and association with susceptibility to plasmodium vivax. | a new duffy specificity, fy6, defined by a murine monoclonal antibody of the igg1 kappa class, is related to susceptibility to malarial invasion. in humans, fy6 is present on the red cells of all persons except those of the fy(a-b-) type, a distribution resembling that of fy3. however proteolytic enzyme treatment of red cells enhances the reactivity of fy3, whereas fy6, like fya and fyb, is susceptible to degradation by this process. the number of fy6 sites on human red cells was found to be 12, ... | 1987 | 2442291 |
| proteosome-lipopeptide vaccines: enhancement of immunogenicity for malaria cs peptides. | proteosomes are hydrophobic, membranous, multimolecular preparations of meningococcal outer membrane proteins that are also b cell mitogens. these characteristics suggested that proteosomes may serve as carrier proteins and adjuvants to enhance peptide immunogenicity. although high titers of malaria circumsporozoite (cs) antibodies protect against malaria, vaccines thus far tested in humans have been insufficiently immunogenic to be clinically useful. here it is shown that synthetic cs peptides ... | 1988 | 2452484 |
| characterization of cross-reactive blood-stage antigens of the plasmodium cynomolgi complex using anti-plasmodium vivax monoclonal antibodies. | five out of 18 monoclonal antibodies (moab's) produced against blood stages of a brazilian (belem) strain of plasmodium vivax were shown to cross-react with all of the 11 strains of the p. cynomolgi complex that were assayed. the 5 moab's produced 3 different patterns of immunofluorescence, identical for both p. vivax and p. cynomolgi. three of these moab's appeared to react with antigens associated with the cytoplasm or membranes of infected erythrocytes. by western blot analysis, 2 of these 3 ... | 1988 | 2454311 |
| transmission of plasmodium vivax malaria--san diego county, california, 1988 and 1989. | | 1990 | 2105445 |
| [malaria outbreak in users of injectable drugs]. | an outbreak of plasmodium vivax malaria among drug addicts in bauru, s. paulo state, brazil, is reported. until july 1989, 12 cases had been confirmed by thick smear examinations and 20 contacts were being investigated. all of them reported frequent use of intravenous cocaine and sharing of needles and syringes but deny having travelled through endemic malarial areas. | 1990 | 2103651 |
| cross-reacting antigens to pc96, a protective antigen of plasmodium chabaudi, in p. falciparum, p. vivax, and p. cynomolgi. | mice can be partially protected against plasmodium chabaudi by immunization with the antigen pc96, isolated from the erythrocyte membranes of infected mice. we used a pc96 specific monoclonal antibody to identify antigens which cross-react with pc96 in p. falciparum, p. vivax, and p. cynomologi. the cross-reactive molecules are antigens of mr 155,000 in p. falciparum, mr 220,000 in p. cynomologi. they are located in the surface membranes of infected erythrocytes. pc96 is characterized by immunoe ... | 1989 | 2472747 |
| [prevention of malaria in travellers and expatriates]. | since the occurrence of the chloroquino-resistance, chemoprophylaxis for all is not anymore the sound principle to malaria prophylaxis for travellers and expatriates. protection against malaria has now to be based on comprehensive actions (chemoprophylaxis, control of infecting bites, treatment of malaria cases as soon as first symptom occur), they have to be combined, as a whole or not, according to the area, the duration and the type of tropical stay, and even sometimes according to some param ... | 1990 | 2195279 |
| [results of the use of a therapeutic protocol for plasmodium vivax for 5 days in 3 municipalities of the são luís island, state of maranhao, brazil]. | a uniform therapeutic schedule of chloroquine 1500mg (three days) and primaquine 75mg (adult 15mg x 5 days) was used in 1232 patients suffering from malaria due to plasmodium vivax occurring in island of são luis maranhão state in the period between january of 1984 and december 1985. of the cases, 499 (40.5%) concluded treatment, and of these 448 were cured. fifty one patients who relapsed responded to a second course of the treatment. | 1989 | 2486524 |
| [analysis on mixed distribution of tertian malaria with long and short incubation]. | the purpose of this paper is to make an epidemiological analysis of the mixed distribution of tertian malaria with long and short incubation by mathematical model. using the gram-charlier series and the marquardt's nonlinear least square dissecting method and the systematic computerized program for the dissection of mixed samples of tertian malaria with different incubation periods over the past 7 years in changde city, hunan province, and discussing the influence of the climatic factor and epid ... | 1990 | 2194692 |
| anatomical distribution of developing trophozoites and schizonts of plasmodium vivax in aotus lemurinus lemurinus and saimiri sciureus. | organ distribution of developing trophozoite- and schizont-infected erythrocytes of plasmodium vivax and night monkeys, aotus lemurinus lemurinus, and squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus, was determined. the primary site for the infection in both species was the splenic vasculature. secondary organ involvement differed between hosts although some overlapping did occur. | 1990 | 2191104 |
| [malaria. experience at a general hospital]. | general hospitals should not ignore tropical diseases, even if they are not directly concerned with them. in our area, 3 and 6 instances of malaria have been diagnosed per year, 13 cases having been observed during the last 3 years. prognosis is related with the quickness in achieving the diagnosis after the onset of symptoms; in our series it ranged from 4 days and one month. the outcome was good in all cases. to keep a reasonable good suspicion level, it should be remembered that the latency p ... | 1989 | 2490697 |