| vector-host-parasite inter-relationships in leishmaniasis. iv. electrophoretic studies on proteins of four vertebrate bloods with and without leishmania infantum or l. major. | fifty five protein bands with relative mobilities of 8,954 to 245,471 kilo daltons (kd) were electrophoretically separated from 12 feeding media of blood from 4 natural vertebrate hosts of phlebotomus langeroni. the feeding media included human, dog (canis familiaris), rat (rattus rattus) and turkey (melagris gallopava) bloods without or with leishmania infantum or l. major promastigotes. protein bands were identical among the feeding media of one host's blood but varied in number (24-28 bands) ... | 1997 | 9425823 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of the psa genes from leishmania infantum. | we describe the molecular cloning of the psa genes from the leishmania infantum parasite, which show high sequence similarity with the l. major psa-2 and l. amazonensis gp46/m2 genes. the psa genes in l. infantum are arrayed in tandem with a repetition unit of 6 kb. a single-size class of psa mrna of 4 kb was detected. the characterised l. infantum psa genes code for a protein lacking the glycosylphosphatidylinositol addition signal described in other leishmania species due to the presence of a ... | 1998 | 9492309 |
| diagnostic potential of western blot analysis of sera from dogs with leishmaniasis in endemic areas and significance of the pattern. | serum samples collected from 237 dogs in catalonia (northeastern spain) were screened by western blot analysis to detect the presence of antibodies specific to different leishmania infantum polypeptide fractions. leishmaniasis was confirmed in 72 of these dogs by direct examination and/or culture. another 165 animals from the priorat region were studied periodically for 2-8 years between 1987 and 1995, giving a total of 565 determinations. a control group of 93 dogs from nonendemic areas was als ... | 1998 | 9502597 |
| detection of anti-leishmania antibodies in blood collected on filter paper by the direct agglutination test. | human capillary blood drawn by finger pricking was absorbed on whatman no. 4 filter paper and tested for anti-leishmania antibodies using the direct agglutination test (dat). over 1400 filter paper samples were collected from l. infantum endemic areas in northern pakistan and compared with 569 serum samples obtained from the same area. eleven filter paper samples (0.8%) gave positive results (antibody titre > or = 1:3200), compared with 8 serum samples (1.4%); the difference was not statisticall ... | 1997 | 9509187 |
| a cloned antigen (recombinant k39) of leishmania chagasi diagnostic for visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patients and a prognostic indicator for monitoring patients undergoing drug therapy. | serologic assays using crude antigens for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv)-seropositive patients have been shown to lack sensitivity and specificity, particularly in aids patients. antibodies to a cloned antigen, recombinant (r) k39, of leishmania chagasi are specific for members of the leishmania donovani complex and have been shown to indicate active disease in immunocompetent persons. this study demonstrated that antibodies to rk39 were also ... | 1998 | 9593022 |
| [serologic cross-reactions to leishmania infantum using indirect immunofluorescence in hiv+ and hiv- patients with active tuberculosis]. | clinical presentation of disseminated tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniosis can be very similar, mainly in those infected with hiv, being serology a useful tool in making a differential diagnosis. cross-reactions of ifat serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniosis with other diseases are well known, but few data is available with tuberculosis. | 1998 | 9611875 |
| ecological interactions of visceral leishmaniasis in the state of bahia, brazil. | the laboratory and field observations summarized in this paper on visceral leishmaniasis ecology in the state of bahia, brazil are based on the author's observations over the past 35 years in a number of state's foci, public health records and literature citations. the disease is endemic with epidemic outbreaks occurring every ten years and its geographical distribution is expanding rapidly in the last years. leishmania chagasi is the main ethiologic agent of the visceral leishmaniasis but le. a ... | 1996 | 9283643 |
| histopathological studies of syrian golden hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania d. infantum. | in the 1980s, infantile visceral leishmaniasis was documented in al agamy (alexandria). the causative agent is leishmania d. infantum and the insect vector is phlebotomus langeroni. in this paper, syrian golden hamsters were chosen as a model animal for histopathological studies of l. d. infantum. twenty four male hamsters were experimentally infected with l.d. infantum. every week, two hamsters were sacrificed and parts from the liver, heart, lung, spleen, small intestine and kidney were paraff ... | 1997 | 9425815 |
| prevalence and epidemiological significance of trypanosoma cruzi infection among latin american immigrants in berlin, germany. | a survey was conducted among latin american immigrants living in berlin to investigate the presence of trypanosoma cruzi infection and to evaluate possible risk factors. one hundred persons were interviewed about risk factors (rural origin, contact with the reduviid bug) and evaluated serologically. the sera were tested with indirect immunofluorescence (iif). all samples seroreactive with iif were additionally evaluated with an elisa for t. cruzi antibodies. to rule out cross-reactivity all sero ... | 1997 | 9427054 |
| multicomponent chimeric antigen for serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. | in this work, we describe the assembly of a synthetic gene coding for several antigenic determinants found in different leishmania infantum antigens. selected epitopes were derived from the ribosomal proteins lip2a, lip2b, and lip0 and from the histone h2a. the resulting gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli either as a fusion protein (with the vector pmal-c2) or alone (with the vector pqe). in both cases, high-level bacterial production of the recombinant protein was achieved and the produ ... | 1998 | 9431920 |
| specific igg1 and igg2 antibody and lymphocyte subset levels in naturally leishmania infantum-infected treated and untreated dogs. | peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and specific igg1 and igg2 antibody levels were studied in 14 dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum using flow cytometry and elisa. six dogs (group 1) were asymptomatic, and received no treatment. samples from this group were collected from d0 to d180. the other eight dogs (group 2) showed clinical symptoms, and were treated with glucantime (from d0 to d40), with samples being collected from d0 to d90. twenty-two healthy dogs were used as a c ... | 1997 | 9437823 |
| cutaneous lesions in patients with visceral leishmaniasis and hiv infection. | cutaneous lesions attributed to leishmania are very seldom observed in classic kala-azar, but recently some reports have mentioned them in patients with hiv infection. we found cutaneous lesions whose biopsy disclosed the presence of leishmania organisms in six patients of a group of 32 hiv patients with visceral leishmaniasis. these lesions did not present a uniform or specific appearance, even though they tended to localize symmetrically on acral zones. they consisted of erythematous papules a ... | 1997 | 9459400 |
| 86rb+ transport in leishmania infantum promastigotes under various in vitro culture conditions. | the survival of leishmania, which encounter drastic changes of environment during their life-cycle, requires regulation and control of ionic concentrations within the cell. we analysed the influence of growth stage, ionic composition of the medium, heat and acidic stress on 86rb+ influx in l. infantum promastigotes. proliferating promastigotes exhibited faster and higher 86rb+ uptake than stationary cells. cl- anion did not have any effect, but in the presence of physiological concentration of h ... | 1997 | 9467740 |
| molecular cloning and analysis of expression of the leishmania infantum histone h4 genes. | in the present work, we describe the sequence, organization and expression of histone h4 genes in the protozoan parasite leishmania infantum. the predicted l. infantum histone h4 is a polypeptide of 100 amino acids with a molecular mass of 11.5 kda. comparison of the amino acid sequence of leishmania histone h4 with the rest of histone h4 sequences indicates that this is the most divergent sequence reported to date. the genomic distribution analysis of histone h4 genes indicates that there must ... | 1997 | 9476792 |
| an immunodiffusion assay for the detection of canine leishmaniasis due to infection with leishmania infantum. | an immunodiffusion assay (ida) with polyethylene glycol (peg) was tested for usefulness as diagnostic test for canine leishmaniasis (cl). a comparative analysis of dog sera was made using ida with peg, immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and enzyme immunosorbent assay (elisa) techniques. fourty-four dogs from italy with cl (endemic dogs) and eight dutch dogs with cl contracted in south europe (expatriate dogs) were tested together with 40 endemic and 35 expatriate controls. specificity did not differ ... | 1997 | 9477507 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum. case reports and literature review. | leishmania infantum recently has been identified as a possible agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). this species has been isolated from cutaneous lesions of patients from the mediterranean basin. however, little is known about the clinical, biological, or therapeutic features of this newly recognized cl. | 1998 | 9487211 |
| molecular characterization of antigen 24, a specific immunodominant antigen family from leishmania infantum. | leishmania infantum immunoelectrophoretic antigen 24 (ag 24), a visceral leishmaniasis associated immunodominant antigen, has been characterized with a monospecific antiserum by combining sds-page, immunoblotting, metabolic labelling, radio-immunoprecipitation and in vitro poly a+ mrna translation. ag 24 appeared to correspond to a multi-antigen family of 6-9 members ranging from 20 to 31 kda and proteinic by nature with no post-translational modifications. a similar banding pattern was recogniz ... | 1997 | 9488872 |
| cloning, characterization and overexpression of two iron superoxide dismutase cdnas from leishmania chagasi: role in pathogenesis. | we have isolated and characterized two superoxide dismutase (sod) cdnas from a leishmania chagasi promastigote cdna library using degenerate primers derived from conserved amino acid residues of previously isolated manganese and iron sods. comparison of these two l. chagasi sod deduced amino acid sequences with previously isolated mnsod and fesod amino acid sequences revealed that they have higher homology to, and complete conservation of, invariant residues found in iron-containing sods. southe ... | 1997 | 9497044 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and overexpression of two distinct cysteine protease cdnas from leishmania donovani chagasi. | we have cloned and characterized two distinct cysteine protease cdnas from leishmania donovani chagasi. one of the cdnas, ldccy2, was isolated from a cdna library prepared from total promastigote rna while the other cdna, ldccys1, was isolated from a cdna library prepared from total amastigote rna. ldccys2 has an open reading frame of 471 amino acids and ldccys1 has an open reading frame of 447 amino acids. comparison of the predicted protein sequences of the two distinct cysteine proteases with ... | 1997 | 9497047 |
| short- and long-term efficacy of hexadecylphosphocholine against established leishmania infantum infection in balb/c mice. | in the immunocompetent host, visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a fatal disease if untreated. in immunosuppressed patients, vl is an opportunistic infection for which there is no effective treatment for relapses. here we report on the long-term activity of orally administered hexadecylphosphocholine (hdpc) against established leishmania infantum infection in balb/c mice. hdpc is a synthetic phospholipid with antiproliferative properties that has been extensively studied for its cancerostatic activit ... | 1998 | 9517947 |
| evaluation of nitric oxide production by leishmania infantum-infected dog macrophages. | protozoa of the genus leishmania (l.) infect reticuloendothelial cells of several mammalian species, including dogs, in which they often give rise to a chronic, not self-healing visceral disease. since the parasitocidal mechanism of macrophages towards leishmania in dog has not yet been well investigated, in this work we have evaluated in leishmania infantum-infected macrophage cultures from 10 healthy dogs, killing capacity and nitric oxide (no) production, in terms of nitrite (no2) levels. par ... | 1998 | 9543705 |
| mediterranean leishmaniasis in hiv-infected patients: epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic features of 22 cases. | twenty-two italian hiv-infected patients developed leishmaniasis, clinically manifested as visceral (13 cases), cutaneous (2 cases) and disseminated disease (7 cases). twenty were males and two females (mean age: 32.8 years) with a mean cd4+ cell count of 46.8/microliter at diagnosis; risk factors were intravenous drug use (17 patients) and sexual behaviour (two bisexual, two homosexual, one heterosexual). all but one patient lived or travelled in hypoendemic italian regions and other mediterran ... | 1998 | 9561378 |
| changes in antibody titres against leishmania infantum in naturally infected dogs in southern spain. | monthly serological follow-up of the antibody titres against leishmania infantum in hunting dogs in rural southern spain was carried out during the transmission period (from april to october in 1996). titres > or = 160 were regarded as indicating disease, while lower positive tires were also recorded as 'seropositive'. over this period, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of dogs with a titre > or = 160 was observed; from 12.6% in april to 19.2% in october. the same pattern was o ... | 1998 | 9566089 |
| pharmacokinetics of meglumine antimoniate after administration of a multiple dose in dogs experimentally infected with leishmania infantum. | pharmacokinetics of meglumine antimoniate in dogs with experimentally induced leishmaniosis has been investigated. after infection, dogs received a dose of 75 mg kg-1 of meglumine antimoniate twice daily by subcutaneous injection for 10 days. blood samples were collected throughout the treatment. no statistical differences were found in the kinetic behaviour of the drug administered as a single dose to healthy dogs and that administered as a multiple dose to infected animals. however, peak plasm ... | 1998 | 9566092 |
| genes and chromosomes of leishmania infantum. | during recent years, several leishmania infantum genes have been cloned and characterized. here, we have summarized the available information on the gene organization and expression in this protozoan parasite. from a comparative analysis, the following outstanding features were found to be common to most of the genes characterized: tandemly organized genes with conserved coding regions and divergent untranslated regions, polycistronic transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of gene exp ... | 1997 | 9566218 |
| diffuse necrotic hepatic lesions due to visceral leishmaniasis in aids. | a rare case of an aids patient who developed scattered necrotic involvement of the liver caused by leishmania infantum is described. of interest, marked splenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinemia and serum anti-leishmania antibodies were absent and an incomplete response to therapy was observed. diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was achieved by the demonstration of numerous amastigotes in both hepatocytes and macrophages on liver biopsy. hepatic necrotic lesions, which when extensive could lead ... | 1998 | 9570648 |
| clinicoepidemiologic characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival analysis of patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and leishmania in an area of madrid, spain. | from 1987 to 1995, a retrospective case study was conducted at the ramon y cajal hospital in madrid, spain, a public teaching hospital with 1,100 beds, to determine the clinicoepidemiologic characteristics, survival, and prognostic factors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the prevalence of vl in hiv+ patients compared with hiv- patients was studied. epidemiologic, clinical, and parasitologic characteristics, as well as the effects of ... | 1998 | 9574788 |
| activity of pentamidine-loaded poly (d,l-lactide) nanoparticles against leishmania infantum in a murine model. | the activity of pentamidine-loaded poly(d,l-lactide) nanoparticles was compared, by determination of median effective doses (ed50), to that of free pentamidine in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis induced by leishmania infantum. balb/c mice were infected intravenously on day o with promastigotes and then treated on days 14, 16, and 18. groups of 5 mice received either 0.57, 1.14 and 2.28 mg/kg of free pentamidine (expressed in pentamidine base) or 0.055, 0.11, 0.22 and 0.44 mg/kg of penta ... | 1997 | 9587601 |
| [visceral leishmaniasis in children in the province of florence]. | three cases of visceral leishmaniasis are presented: two children who got the disease in florence and the imported case of a girl coming from albania with her disease in act. the diagnosis was made showing leishmania in bone marrow specimen. therapy with melglumine antimonate was effective and well borne, leading the three children to a complete healing. in the province of florence visceral leishmaniasis is very rare, but such protozoa and the sand flies are present as shown by the high number o ... | 1997 | 9595582 |
| the immunology of canine leishmaniosis: strong evidence for a developing disease spectrum from asymptomatic dogs. | asymptomatic mixed breed dogs (49) from a region of high incidence of visceral leishmaniosis in portugal were examined for the presence of leishmania-specific cellular immunity using a proliferation assay and humoral immunity using an indirect antibody fluorescent test (ifat) and an elisa. the results were compared directly with 25 mixed breed dogs permanently residing in a non-endemic region (scotland). unlike similar studies in humans from non-endemic areas, there was no evidence of any immuno ... | 1998 | 9615951 |
| the histopathological picture of the liver of hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania d. infantum on top of schistosoma mansoni infection. | no doubt, double and triple infection in a patient is not an uncommon phenomenon in the old world. consequently, the histopathological picture of the liver of syrian golden hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania. d. infantum on top of pre-infection with s. mansoni was studied. the results showed that the liver was markedly affected by the concomitant infection than infection with either parasite alone. the superadded leishmania infection caused the early appearance of cell necrosis and ... | 1998 | 9617047 |
| renal changes in golden hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania d. infantum on top of schistosoma mansoni infection. | in egypt, schistosomiasis mansoni is one of the most important parasitic disease of man. besides, in the last two decades, indigenous cases of infantile visceral leishmaniasis have been reported. these two parasites affect the kidney causing renal histopathological changes. thus, it was aimed to study the concomitant infection of l. d. infantum on top of s. mansoni infection in syrian golden hamsters, the model animal for both parasites. the results showed that the renal changes were more or les ... | 1998 | 9617054 |
| comparative efficacy of meglumine antimoniate and aminosidine sulphate, alone or in combination, in canine leishmaniasis. | thirty-two domestic dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum and showing viscero-cutaneous signs of canine leishmaniasis were treated with aminosidine sulphate (11 dogs) meglumine antimoniate (10 dogs) or with a combination of the two drugs (11 dogs) for 21 consecutive days. clinical and laboratory assessments, made on day 21 and at 2, 4 and 6 months after initiation of treatment, showed that the drug combination gave the best score in terms of clinical efficacy, incidences of early clin ... | 1998 | 9625912 |
| leishmaniasis in malta and the mediterranean basin. | leishmaniasis is a public-health problem in most countries bordering the mediterranean littoral. in malta, where the disease has been recognized for many years, phlebotomus perniciosus is the established vector and dogs act as reservoir hosts. visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was the only form of the disease recorded in malta until the early 1980s, when cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) was recognized. although the incidence of cl has recently increased, the overall numbers of cases of leishmaniasis have ... | 1997 | 9625930 |
| a case of visceral leishmaniasis in austria. | we report a patient aged 41 years with fever of unknown origin. notable aspects of his travel history were a trip to the philippines and a sailing trip around sicily. the patient presented with fever up to 40 degrees c since 4 weeks, weakness, headache, hepatosplenomegaly and night sweat. no specific cause could be found. based on clinical findings tuberculosis was suspected and empirical tuberculostatic treatment was started. however, during the following 6 weeks the patient's condition deterio ... | 1998 | 9629627 |
| disseminated feline leishmaniosis due to leishmania infantum in southern france. | a fortuitously discovered case of feline leishmaniosis is reported. the parasites were found in the skin and the bone marrow of a domestic female cat that spontaneously died after a few weeks of evolution. serological tests for felv, fiv and pif virus detection gave negative results. by using western blot serology, a characteristic pattern of leishmaniosis was obtained and by performing an isoenzyme electrophoresis, a leishmania infantum mon-1 strain was identified. the same zymodeme is implicat ... | 1998 | 9637231 |
| [localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum mon-1 contracted in northern algeria]. | classically, the agent of the sporadic skin leishmaniasis in northern algeria is leishmania infantum mon-24. this paper reports the first documented observation of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum zymodeme mon-1 in northern algeria. the interest of using the western blot serological analysis to guide the diagnosis and the usefulness of the hamster inoculation to isolate leishmania from pauciparasitized lesion is demonstrated. | 1998 | 9642468 |
| trypanosoma cruzi tubulin eliminated in the urine of the infected host. | in previous studies we have identified and characterized an 80-kda trypanosoma cruzi urinary antigen (uag) eliminated during acute infection. polyclonal antibodies raised against this antigen revealed by western blotting and immunoprecipitation analyses showed the existence of another antigenic component of 50-55 kda in the uag preparation. the antiserum was also used for screening of a t. cruzi expression library. sequencing of inserts from selected cdna clones showed high homology with the 3' ... | 1998 | 9645865 |
| haemoculture as a tool for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis in hiv-negative and hiv-positive patients: interest for parasite identification. | between may 1993 and june 1996, 65 adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and 30 hiv-negative patients (8 children and 22 adults) from the mediterranean region with symptoms that included at least fever were examined for leishmania. a total of 128 bone marrow and 128 peripheral venous blood samples were taken and cultured on nnn medium. at the initial diagnosis, 14 (6 hiv-positive and 8 hiv-negative) of 15 patients with a positive blood culture also had a positive bone marrow cu ... | 1998 | 9648362 |
| diagnosis of kala-azar by nested pcr based on amplification of the leishmania mini-exon gene. | to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), we have developed a nested pcr method based on amplification of the mini-exon gene, which is unique and tandomly repeated in the leishmania genome. nested pcr was sufficiently sensitive for the detection of dna in an amount equivalent to a single leishmania parasite or less. we examined the usefulness of this pcr method using bone marrow aspirates and buffy coat cells collected from kala-azar patients who had or had not received chemotherapy in nor ... | 1998 | 9665985 |
| evolution of serum albumin/globulin ratio after antimonial therapy in canine leishmaniasis. | | 1998 | 9668510 |
| studies on control of visceral leishmaniasis: impact of dog control on canine and human visceral leishmaniasis in jacobina, bahia, brazil. | to assess the effect of removing leishmania-infected dogs on the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis, a controlled intervention study was performed in northeast brazil. the attempted elimination of seropositive dogs resulted in an initial significant decrease in the annual incidence of seroconversion among dogs from 36% to 6% over the first two years. in the following two years, the incidence increased to 11% and 14%, respectively. in a control area in which dogs were surveyed but seropositive d ... | 1998 | 9684628 |
| the role of serology in the diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. | to define the possible role of serology in the diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) infection, the dynamics of humoral immune responses was investigated in 20 coinfected patients. sequential sera obtained before, during, and after vl diagnosis were analyzed by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat), a recombinant elisa (using the rk39 protein), and immunoblotting. during the active course of the disease, p ... | 1998 | 9684645 |
| leishmania infantum: lack of parasite resistance to amphotericin b in a clinically resistant visceral leishmaniasis. | amphotericin b (amb) has been used as a second-line treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. amb median effective doses (ed50s) were determined on an isolate obtained before any treatment and on a second isolate obtained 4 years later from the same amb-treated patient. ed50s were similar (0.059 and 0.067 mg/kg of body weight, respectively), demonstrating the first evidence of amb ed50 stability of leishmania infantum after a long-term d ... | 1998 | 9687425 |
| study of haemostatic disorders in experimentally induced leishmaniasis in beagle dogs. | haemostatic alterations in dogs experimentally infected with leishmania infantum were studied before and after therapy with meglumine antimonate. haemostatic function tests including platelet count, collagen-induced platelet aggregation, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, plasma fibrinogen determination, and serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products concentration were performed. in the course of infection and before treatment, moderate thrombocytopenia (p< ... | 1998 | 9690602 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of leishmania parasites isolated from an endemic focus in eastern sudan. | twelve leishmania isolates from visceral leishmaniasis patients in eastern sudan were characterized using isoenzyme analysis, southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) 'fingerprinting'. isoenzyme analysis revealed the presence of 3 zymodemes: mon-18, mon-30 and mon-82, corresponding to leishmania donovani sensu stricto, l. infantum and l. archibaldi (still of uncertain taxonomic status), respectively. southern blotting and pcr 'fingerprinting' revealed identical patterns for all 3 zy ... | 1998 | 9692173 |
| urban visceral leishmaniasis in venezuela. | | 1998 | 9698836 |
| cloning and structural analysis of the gene encoding the ribosomal protein s6 from the parasite leishmania infantum. | we have cloned the s6 ribosomal protein encoding gene from a leishmania infantum cdna library. this parasite protozoon, responsible for leishmaniasis in europe, is able to undergo developmental changes in vitro and results a good model to study cell differentiation processes. the lis6 protein sequence indicates its pertinence to the s6 protein family, related to the early mechanisms of cell division, differentiation and activation, and shows an intermediate position between the yeasts and higher ... | 1998 | 9703947 |
| interaction of cationic diamidines with leishmania infantum dna. | the interaction of a series of potent leishmanicidal aromatic diamidines resembling pentamidine, was studied with leishmania infantum dna and polynucleotides. the diamidines viz., cgp040215a, cgp033829a and cgp039937a, interacted with leishmania dna as well as with the polynucleotides poly(da)-poly(dt), poly(da-dt) and poly(dg-dc). the thermodynamic analysis to determine the association constants and the binding enthalpy pointed toward binding of the diamidines at at regions of the dna. the resu ... | 1998 | 9705158 |
| prevalence of and factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients in southern spain. | the actual prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis among human immunodeficiency type 1 (hiv-1)-infected patients in the mediterranean basin remains unknown. there is also controversy about the risk factors for leishmania infantum and hiv-1 coinfection. to appraise the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in patients infected with hiv-1 in southern spain and to identify factors associated with this disease, 291 hiv-1 carriers underwent a bone marrow aspiration, regardless of their symptoms. giemsa-s ... | 1998 | 9705366 |
| the histopathology of the intestine in hamsters infected with leishmania d. infantum on top of pre-existing schistosomiasis mansoni. | in general, both schistosoma mansoni and leishmania, d. infantum affect more or less the same human organs. while the liver is the main organ affected, the intestine follows in importance. in the present study, l.d. infantum on tip of pre-existing s. mansoni in syrian golden hamsters had delayed the appearance of both schistosomal and leishmanial granulomas in the intestine the positive control with either parasite alone. however, the leishmanial infection suppressed the schistosomal infection. ... | 1998 | 9707663 |
| a sero-epidemiological study of visceral leishmaniosis in izmir district, turkey. | visceral leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum have been reported in turkey. a total of 2055 blood samples collected in izmir and six surrounding villages were tested for anti-leishmania antibodies. three established immunodiagnostic techniques, indirect fluorescence antibody (ifa), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and direct agglutination test (dat), were employed using promastigotes and rk39 as antigens for the detection of anti-leishmania antibodies. five sero-positive cases (0 ... | 1998 | 9707668 |
| the pathology of the heart and lung in syrian golden hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania d. infantum on top of pre-existing schistosoma mansoni infection. | no doubt, double and triple infections are not uncommon features in some of the developing countries. in this paper, the effect of leishmanial infantum and schistosomal mansoni infection on the heart and lung of hamsters promoted many changes not seen in positive control with either parasite alone. of these important changes, were the presence of leishmanial cardiac granulomas and earlier pulmonary granulomas in the lung were more or less the same as in positive schistosomal control. no doubt, w ... | 1998 | 9707669 |
| mixed infection of human u-937 cells by two different species of leishmania. | mixed infections by different leishmania species could explain differences in the clinical course of these infections. moreover, mixed infections of the same macrophage could be the basis for parasite recombination. we stained three strains of leishmania (l. mexicana amazonensis, l. donovani dd8, and l. infantum d2, respectively) with different fluorescent dyes and analyzed them using a fluorescence-activated cell scanner. the simultaneous infection of one cell by leishmania belonging to two dif ... | 1998 | 9715931 |
| influence of the host and parasite strain in a mouse model of visceral leishmania infantum infection. | we investigated the respective roles of the host and parasite strain in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis. balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were selected for their respective 'non cure' and 'cure' haplotypes vis-a-vis leishmania major. mice were infected with 10(7) stationary-phase promastigotes of four strains of leishmania infantum with different infection profiles in mice: visceralization or regulation, as established by sulahian et al. (sulahian et al. (1998) fems immunol. med. microbiol. 17, ... | 1998 | 9718213 |
| incrimination of lutzomyia cruzi as a vector of american visceral leishmaniasis. | | 1998 | 9737605 |
| [disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis revealing human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | unlike visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis is uncommonly described in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. diffuse cutaneous forms due to leishmania infantum are always accompanied by visceral parasite infection. | 1998 | 9747266 |
| anti-leishmanial ige antibodies: a marker of active disease in visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is characterized by a depression of the t helper cell type 1 immune response. although mrna expression for interleukin-4 (il-4) is observed, evidence of the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of vl has been lacking. since il-4 is involved in ige synthesis, we measured the total ige and leishmania antigen-specific ige antibody levels in sera from patients with vl. specific ige antibodies detected by an elisa technique after absorbing the sera with purified sheep ... | 1998 | 9749638 |
| investigations on the in vitro metacyclogenesis of a visceral and a cutaneous human strain of leishmania infantum. | the in vitro metacyclogenesis of a visceral (vl) and cutaneous (cl) human strain of leishmania infantum was monitored in order to find out the kinetics of this process and the in vitro infective capacity for macrophages of the metacyclic promastigotes developed. to identify, enumerate, and separate the metacyclic population, the complement-dependent lysis by normal serum and the agglutination by peanut agglutinin (pna) were used, as they were shown to be useful for the purpose of this study. max ... | 1998 | 9777720 |
| regulatory sequences and a novel gene in the msp (gp63) gene cluster of leishmania chagasi. | the surface protease gp63 of leishmania chagasi is encoded by a cluster of more than 18 tandem major surface protease (msp) genes belonging to three classes (mspl, msps, mspc). mspl and msps transcripts are differentially expressed during parasite growth. rnas from msps genes predominate during stationary phase, the time when parasite virulence and gp63 expression are maximal. we hypothesized that the unique regions downstream of msps genes contain signals important for gene expression. the 2.8 ... | 1998 | 9803417 |
| the expression of the leishmania infantum kmp-11 protein is developmentally regulated and stage specific. | transcription of the gene coding for the kmp-11 protein of leishmania infantum results in the production of a mature rna transcript of 1.3 kb in length. the expression of kmp-11 mrna is strongly down-regulated not only during the parasite growth from the logarithmic to the stationary phase but also during the differentiation transit from promastigotes to amastigotes. the estimated concentration of kmp-11 is one order of magnitude higher in promastigotes than in amastigotes. the analysis of the t ... | 1998 | 9804960 |
| skin rash for 15 years. | | 1998 | 9807991 |
| canine leishmaniosis in cyprus due to leishmania infantum mon 1. | during a serological survey in 1996, a total of 601 dogs (group i) distributed all over the government controlled southern area of cyprus was examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the presence of specific antibodies directed against soluble antigens of promastigote stages of leishmania infantum. the overall seroprevalence rate in this group was 1.7%. a second group (group ii) of dogs was selected from regions where seropositive dogs where determined within the first gro ... | 1998 | 9821465 |
| a sensitive and specific 30-min dot-elisa for the detection of anti-leishmania antibodies in the dog. | a very rapid, sensitive and specific dot-elisa was developed for diagnosing visceral leishmaniosis in dogs infected with leishmania infantum. sera from 26 healthy dogs and 127 dogs with different infectious disease including 40 dogs with leishmaniosis, and 87 dogs with other suspected or confirmed infectious diseases, was evaluated in an alkaline phosphatase elisa on a nitrocellulose membrane, sensitized with soluble promastigote antigen. the test procedure lasted only 30 min. distinction betwee ... | 1998 | 9823062 |
| visceral leishmaniosis in hiv-positive patients: primary infection, reactivation and latent infection. impact of the cd4+ t-lymphocyte counts. | to discriminate cases of visceral leishmaniosis (vl) following a primary infection from cases originating in a reactivation of a latent leishmania infection and to assess the impact of cd4+ t-cell counts on the occurrence of vl in patients with hiv disease. | 1998 | 9833855 |
| the importance of tgf-beta in murine visceral leishmaniasis. | ifn-gamma is critical for the cure of leishmaniasis in humans and mice. balb/c mice are genetically susceptible to infection with the visceralizing species of leishmania, l. chagasi. we have evidence that a soluble factor(s) inhibits ifn-gamma production by cultured liver granuloma cells from balb/c mice during l. chagasi infection. in contrast, liver granulomas from c3h.hej mice, which are genetically resistant to l. chagasi infection, produce abundant ifn-gamma. according to elisas and neutral ... | 1998 | 9834100 |
| axenically grown amastigotes of leishmania infantum used as an in vitro model to investigate the pentavalent antimony mode of action. | the mechanism(s) of activity of pentavalent antimony [sb(v)] is poorly understood. in a recent study, we have shown that potassium antimonyl tartrate, a trivalent antimonial [sb(iii)], was substantially more potent than sb(v) against both promastigotes and axenically grown amastigotes of three leishmania species, supporting the idea of an in vivo metabolic conversion of sb(v) into sb(iii). we report that amastigotes of leishmania infantum cultured under axenic conditions were poorly susceptible ... | 1998 | 9835497 |
| emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in central israel. | in 1994-1995, a child and five dogs from villages located between jerusalem and tel-aviv, israel were diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis (vl). based on these findings, the distribution of vl in domestic and wild canids in central israel was examined. in the two villages where canine index cases were identified, a substantial proportion (11.5%, 14 of 122) of the dogs examined were seropositive. however, the rate of infection in five neighboring villages was only 1% (1 of 99). parasites were cu ... | 1998 | 9840588 |
| analysis of the antigenic properties of the l. infantum hsp70: design of synthetic peptides for specific serodiagnosis of human leishmaniasis. | the 70-kda heat shock protein (hsp70) is a major target of the humoral immune response during leishmania infections. in the present paper, it is shown that 84.6% of sera from mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl) patients and 78.9% of sera from visceral leishmaniasis (vl) patients reacted with the l. infantum hsp70. the mapping of the antigenic determinants indicated that this protein is highly rich in linear b-epitopes. as the complete protein cannot be used for specific serodiagnosis of vl because ... | 1998 | 9840686 |
| [canine leishmaniasis from leishmania infantum: value and production of the latex test. ecoepidemiologic applications]. | the authors relate the realization, evaluation and eco-epidemiological applications of a "field-test": the agglutination of latex particles coated with a soluble antigen of leishmania infantum in the presence of homologous antibodies. evaluated on 1,035 canine sera, the sensitivity of the latex agglutination test (lat) was 93.4% compared to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). 90 node cultures were carried out on dogs with positive or negative lat and/or positive or negative ifat. the ... | 1998 | 9846221 |
| [intestinal parasitic infections and leishmaniasis in patients with hiv infection]. | intestinal parasite infections are very frequent in hiv patients with severe immunodeficiency (cd4 < 100/mm3) causing chronic diarrhea and malabsorption in the majority of cases. the most frequent microorganisms are microsporidia and cryptosporidium parvum while cyclospora cayetanensis and isospora belli are more prevalent in subtropical and tropical areas and rare in industrialized areas. the diagnosis can be obtained by stool examination (differences in size and form of cysts), although micros ... | 1998 | 9859620 |
| compensation for decreased expression of b7 molecules on leishmania infantum-infected canine macrophages results in restoration of parasite-specific t-cell proliferation and gamma interferon production. | infection of humans and dogs by leishmania infantum may result in visceral leishmaniasis, which is characterized by impaired t-cell-mediated immune responses to parasite antigens. dogs are natural hosts of leishmania parasites and play an important role in the transmission of the parasites to humans. in an effort to characterize the immune response in dogs infected with this intracellular pathogen, we examined how infection with l. infantum affects canine macrophages and the consequences for t-c ... | 1999 | 9864221 |
| experimental evaluation of second-line oral treatments of visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum. | in a murine model of leishmania infantum visceral leishmaniasis, metronidazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine were less effective than antimonial agents in reducing hepatic parasite load. ketoconazole potentiated the effect of meglumine antimoniate reference therapy through its marked activity against spleen infection. | 1999 | 9869587 |
| canine leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum mon-1 in northern morocco. | a seroprevalence study of canine leishmaniasis was carried out in five provinces in northern morocco: taounate, al hoceima, zouagha moulay yacoub, chefchaouen and ouezzane. 55 localities have been concerned and a total of 1,013 dogs were screened, which represents almost 100% of the canine census. of the screened dogs: 87 showed antibody titer > or = 100 when tested by ifat (seroprevalence of 8.6%) and were distributed in 83 asymptomatics (without clinical symptoms) and four symptomatics (with o ... | 1998 | 9879555 |
| prolonged administration of dexamethasone induces limited reactivation of visceral leishmaniasis in chronically infected balb/c mice. | leishmania parasites persist in their vertebrate host after the treatment-induced clinical cure and in the asymptomatic infection. they confer resistance to reinfection but represent a risk of occurrence of acute leishmaniosis in immunosuppressed conditions. we examined the effects of prolonged dexamethasone administration on a chronic leishmania infantum infection. splenic t cell populations from the long-term-infected balb/c mice were reduced by 55%, whereas those from uninfected controls were ... | 1998 | 9889410 |
| leishmania: identification of old world species using a permissively primed intergenic polymorphic-polymerase chain reaction. | we have developed a permissively primed intergenic polymorphic-polymerase chain reaction (ppip-pcr) which distinguishes between the old world leishmania complexes l. major, l. tropica, l. donovani, and l. aethiopica. this technique pairs one parasite-specific and one nonspecific oligonucleotide primer for the pcr. the specific primer was chosen from a unique leishmanial dna sequence, clone pdog 2, isolated from a l. donovani chagasi genomic dna expression library. this sequence has a high dna ho ... | 1999 | 9920044 |
| lack of a nitric-oxide response during the course of leishmania infantum infection in the golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus), with or without treatment with liposomal amphotericin b. | liver and spleen volumes and serum concentrations of nitrate (the end-product of no in vivo), albumin, gamma-globulin, protein, creatine and urea were measured during the course of progressive infections with leishmania infantum mon-1 (mhom/pr/93/cre29) in 10 syrian golden hamsters. each hamster was infected by intraperitoneal injection with 4 x 10(7) promastigotes. five of the infected animals were treated, with 6 mg liposomal amphotericin b (l-amb)/kg given by intracardiac injection, on day 10 ... | 1998 | 9924547 |
| serological response to leishmania infantum in a patient treated with prednisone. | | 1998 | 9924553 |
| antigenicity of the leishmania infantum histones h2b and h4 during canine viscerocutaneous leishmaniasis. | in this study we show that sera from dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum contain antibodies that specifically react against the parasite h2b and h4 histones. the leishmania h2b and the amino-terminal region of the histone h4, expressed as fusion proteins, when confronted with sera from canine viscerocutaneous leishmaniasis (vcl) dogs, were recognized by 63% and 47%, respectively. no reactivity was detected when sera from dogs naturally infected with pathogens other than leishmania w ... | 1999 | 9933463 |
| epidemiological patterns of canine leishmaniasis [correction of leishmaniosis] in western liguria (italy). | an epidemiological survey was carried out on the distribution of canine leishmaniasis in western liguria (northern italy). blood sera from 21146 dogs collected from 1990 to 1996 were subjected to the indirect immunofluorescence test (ifat). from 1990 to 1994 (16690 dogs), only monthly seroprevalences were calculated (min 14%-max 60.5%). dog sera sampled from october 1994 to may 1996 (4456 dogs) were divided into two subgroups (i: october 1994-may 1995; ii: october 1995-may 1996). seroprevalence ... | 1999 | 9950324 |
| [mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis: physiopathology]. | infantile leishmaniasis: the protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania are the causal agent of various diseases ranging from cutaneous lesions to fatal systemic diseases. in southern france, leishmania infantum is an endemic species recognized as the causal agent of infantile leishmaniasis (mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis). little is known about the pathophysiology of the disease in humans, but models in mice may provide a new approach. insect vector: leishmania infantum are carried by sa ... | 1999 | 9951509 |
| infection of sand flies by humans coinfected with leishmania infantum and human immunodeficiency virus. | to determine the role that leishmania infantum/human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) coinfected patients could play in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), we applied direct xenodiagnosis of vl in this study to test the infectivity of six coinfected patients to colonized phlebotomus perniciosus. all patients proved to be infective for the sand flies. the infectivity of patients who had still not received specific treatment for vl was inversely proportional to their absolute cd4+ t lymph ... | 1999 | 9988321 |
| in vitro production of type 1 and type 2 cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and leishmania infantum. | to explore the type 1 and type 2 cytokine profile in cases coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and leishmania infantum, production of interleukin-4 (il-4), interleukin-10 (il-10), interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), and interleukin-2 receptor (il-2r) was investigated in mitogen-stimulated and unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from eight hiv/leishmania coinfected subjects matched with eight anti-hiv-positive subjects with no evidence of leishmania coinfection. level ... | 1999 | 9988338 |
| immunotherapy for visceral leishmaniasis: ability of factors produced during anti-leishmania responses of skin test positive adults to inhibit peripheral blood mononuclear cell activities associated with visceral leishmaniasis. | the course of human leishmania chagasi infections appears to be determined by the balance between type 1 (tl) cd4+ and cd8+ t suppressor (ts) cell activities. skin test positive adults living in hyperendemic areas who have no history of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) have tl cd4+ t cell immunodominant responses against l. chagasi. the cytokines they secrete during anti-leishmania responses are a probable source of cytokines which inhibit the cd8+ ts cells associated with vl. the ability of supernat ... | 1999 | 10029912 |
| morphological and isoenzymatic differentiation of sympatric populations of phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus longicuspis (diptera: psychodidae) in northern morocco. | the phlebotomine sandfly phlebotomus perniciosus newstead is a vector of leishmania infantum nicolle in the western mediterranean basin. in northern morocco it is often caught in sympatry with a closely related species, p. longicuspis nitzulescu. in the locality of chefchaouene where females of both species were morphologically distinguishable, none of the collected males exhibited forked copulatory valves, which is considered a specific character for p. perniciosus. they 1st were identified as ... | 1999 | 10071503 |
| analysis of the humoral immune response against total and recombinant antigens of leishmania infantum: correlation with disease progression in canine experimental leishmaniasis. | leishmaniasis by leishmania infantum in the mediterranean basin constitutes an important problem in both human and veterinary medicine. based in both the importance of canids as reservoirs for the human disease and the fact that the canine disease may be an excellent model for the human condition, the present work has been conducted to analyze clinical and immune mechanisms associated with canine experimental leishmaniasis. six-month-old mixed-breed dogs were intravenously infected with l. infan ... | 1999 | 10077418 |
| molecular cloning, cell localization and binding affinity to dna replication proteins of the p36/lack protective antigen from leishmania infantum. | the p36/lack antigen from leishmania, an analogue of the receptor for activated protein kinase c (pkc), induces high levels of protection against parasite infection in the balb/c mouse model. this protection is more than twice as high as that elicited by major parasite antigens such as soluble leishmania antigen or the main surface protease gp63. we have cloned and purified p36/lack from leishmania infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in europe. this protein belongs to the lar ... | 1999 | 10092881 |
| evaluation of killing, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production by leishmania infantum-infected dog monocytes. | protozoa of the genus leishmania infect reticuloendothelial cells of several mammalian species, including dogs, in which they often give rise to a chronic, not self-healing visceral disease. the parasitocidal mechanism of peripheral blood monocytes towards leishmania in the dog has not been investigated in detail. consequently, leishmania infantum-infected monocyte cultures of healthy dogs were evaluated using the following parameters: (1) phagocytosis and killing capacities; (2) oxidative burst ... | 1998 | 10093201 |
| folding stability of the kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (kmp-11) from leishmania infantum. | kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (kmp-11) is a major component of the cell surface of kinetoplastids, and acts as a potent b- and t-cell immunogen during leishmania infection. here we report that the leishmania infantum kmp-11 secondary structure adopts mainly an alpha-helical conformation at ph 7.5 and that its urea- and thermally-induced unfolding constitute a fully reversible two-step process. this allows estimation of a half-denaturation temperature of approximately 65 degrees c, a delta gd ... | 1999 | 10095795 |
| [the characteristics of the course of leishmania and pneumocystis opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed laboratory animals]. | specific features of the course of leishmania and pneumocystis infections were studied on experimental models. laboratory animals were subjected to medicinal suppression with tricort-40. leishmania infection in naturally susceptible animals was considerably aggravated (in comparison with the controls) in the presence of even short-term immunosuppression. pneumocystis infection developed in experimental animals under the effect of double suppression. the process of the reactivation of pneumocysti ... | 1999 | 10096211 |
| value of western blotting in the clinical follow-up of canine leishmaniasis. | specific serum antibody levels in leishmania infantum-infected dogs treated with a combination of glucantime and allopurinol were estimated by indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting. the sensitivity of western blot was greater than that obtained with immunofluorescence titration. in general, both diagnostic methods concurred with the post-treatment clinical status of the animals. clinical improvement of successfully treated dogs was related to lower immunofluorescence titers and simple ... | 1999 | 10098690 |
| activity of key enzymes in glucose catabolism during the growth and metacyclogenesis of leishmania infantum. | this paper follows the development in the activity of the key enzymes of glycolysis and dehydrogenases of the pentose phosphate shunt throughout the in vitro growth and metacyclogenesis of two human strains of leishmania infantum - one visceral (vl) and the other cutaneous (cl) - together with changes in the glucose, ammonium, and proton concentrations in the culture medium. in the first stage, ammonium was generated and no glucose was consumed. later on, all the glucose was consumed and, finall ... | 1999 | 10099012 |
| the epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis: transmission rates estimated from a cohort study in amazonian brazil. | we estimate the incidence rate, serological conversion rate and basic case reproduction number (r0) of leishmania infantum from a cohort study of 126 domestic dogs exposed to natural infection rates over 2 years on marajó island, pará state, brazil. the analysis includes new methods for (1) determining the number of seropositives in cross-sectional serological data, (2) identifying seroconversions in longitudinal studies, based on both the number of antibody units and their rate of change throug ... | 1997 | 10190170 |
| immune response against leishmania antigens in dogs naturally and experimentally infected with leishmania infantum. | cell-mediated and humoral immune response in naturally and experimentally infected dogs was studied using crude and pure antigens. both types of infections induced severe signs of visceral disease, but the symptoms observed in natural infections were more pronounced than in experimental infections. in addition, asymptomatic infections were not observed in experimentally infected animals. disease evolution in laboratory infections was rapid and an increase in antibody titer to crude parasite anti ... | 1999 | 10190861 |
| [confirmation of the presence of leishmania infantum mon-80 in tunisia]. | a definitive confirmation of the presence in tunisia of the rare zymodem mon-80 of leishmania infantum, as a causative agent of infantile visceral leishmaniasis, is reported. | 1999 | 10214517 |
| experimental treatment with sodium stibogluconate of hamsters infected with leishmania (leishmania) chagasi and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis. | the present paper reports the experimental treatment of hamsters infected with leishmania chagasi and leishmania amazonensis with sodium stibogluconate (20 mg/kg/day x 20 days). only with l. chagasi did the treatment result in the complete elimination of parasites from the spleen. however, no parasitological cure was achieved in hamsters infected with l. amazonensis. | 1999 | 10228371 |
| post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and leishmania infantum. | | 1999 | 10233342 |
| occurrence of leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity in southern france. | visceral leishmaniosis (vl) due to leishmania infantum (l. chagasi) is a lethal disease if untreated, but asymptomatic l. infantum infections have been reported previously. a better understanding of parasite transmission, dissemination, and survival in the human host is needed. the purpose of this study was to assess whether l. infantum circulated in peripheral blood of subjects with no history of vl. sera from 565 blood donors were screened by western blotting to detect leishmania-specific anti ... | 1999 | 10325353 |
| disposition of antimony and aminosidine combination after multiple subcutaneous injections in dogs. | the disposition of a combination of antimony (sbv) (12.8 mg/kg) and aminosidine (am) (10 mg/kg) in 10 healthy beagle dogs after multiple subcutaneous injections is described. sbvplasma concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and am by ion-pair liquid chromatography, using a fluorimetric detector. sbvreached cmaxat 60 min, and for about 1 h plasma levels were homogeneously stabilized between 10.78 and 11.76 microgram/ml; by 12 h, sbvplasma concentrations were close to th ... | 1999 | 10328843 |
| partial anaerobiosis induces infectivity of leishmania infantum promastigotes. | leishmania infantum stationary-phase promastigotes could acquire infectivity via preincubation in a partially anaerobic medium (95% air/5% co2) for 16 h before the infection, whereas promastigotes were efficiently destroyed when no co2 was present. incubation of l. infantum promastigotes with additional glucose (20 and 50 mm) greatly increased infection parameters in the absence of co2; this is consistent with a "reverse pasteur effect." results showed that culture at 33 degrees c permitted surv ... | 1999 | 10344548 |