| self-fusion of protoplasts enhances chitinase production and biocontrol activity in trichoderma harzianum. | protoplasts were isolated from trichoderma harzianum strain pth18 using lysing enzymes and self-fusion of t. harzianum protoplasts was carried out using polyethylene glycol in stc buffer. the fused protoplasts of t. harzianum were regenerated and 15 self-fusants were selected to study the chitinase production and biocontrol activity. high chitinase activity was measured in the culture filtrates of most of the self-fusants (87%) than the parent. among the fusants, the strain sfth8 produced maximu ... | 2006 | 16330207 |
| study of trichoderma viride metabolism under conditions of the restriction of oxidative processes. | trichoderma viride was capable of growth and conidiation in the presence of high concentrations of the uncoupler 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (up to 100 micromol x l(-1) and of the respiration inhibitor mucidin (up to 100 micromol x l(-1) ) in both submerged and surface cultivation. when vegetative mycelia were cultivated on the solid czapek-dox medium with yeast autolysate under an anaerobic and co2-containing atmosphere, the growth was observed only rarely but the microorganism survived ... | 2005 | 16333345 |
| [cloning, expression and characterization of antibacterial peptide cm4 in pichia pastoris]. | to explore a new approach of expression of abp-cm4 in methylotrophic yeast p. pastoris. the gene of abp-cm4 was cloned into the vector ppic9. the sac i -linearized plasmid ppic9-cm4 was transformed into p. pastoris gs115 by electroporation. by means of mm and md plates and pcr, the recombinant p. pastoris strains (his- mut+) were obtained. antibacterial assay, tricine-sds-page and polyarylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that abp-cm4 was extracellularly expressed in p. pastoris with the in ... | 2005 | 16342763 |
| semiquantitative plate assay for determination of cellulase production by trichoderma viride. | a plate clearing assay was devised to screen for high-producing cellulase mutants of trichoderma viride. the method employs (i) the use of either rose bengal or oxgall to limit colony size and (ii) phosfon d (tributyl-2, 4-dichloroben-zylphosphonium chloride) to enhance cellulase detection, in combination with acid-swollen cellulose on agar plates. the method was used to isolate constitutive cellulase mutants of t. viride and should prove useful for isolating high-producing mutants from a range ... | 1977 | 16345184 |
| fungal growth on c1 compounds: quantitative aspects of growth of a methanol-utilizing strain of trichoderma lignorum in batch culture. | [this corrects the article on p. 758 in vol. 33.]. | 1977 | 16345256 |
| isolation and characterization of vacuoles from the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | protoplasts of claviceps purpurea were prepared by treatment of mycelium with a lytic mixture of snail gut enzyme and cellulase from trichoderma viride. such protoplasts could be efficiently lysed by triton x-100 treatment at high osmotic pressure without ca or mg, allowing the release of intact vacuoles in high yields. vacuoles obtained from cells grown in modified vogel medium (vegetative-type cells not producing alkaloids) were isolated and purified by centrifugation from a 5% ficoll 400 (wt/ ... | 1984 | 16346510 |
| separation of fungal propagules by partition in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. | conidia of penicillium chrysogenum and penicillium frequentans and sporangiospores of rhizopus rhizopodiformis, rhizomucor pusillus, and mucor racemosus were subjected to partition in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. the partition behavior differed drastically between the conidia of the two penicillium species and the sporangiospores of the three species of phycomycetes. this difference in partition behavior can be used for purification of fungi belonging to different taxonomical groups. p. fr ... | 1984 | 16346569 |
| utilization of methylthio-s-triazine for growth of soil fungi. | aspergillus niger van tieghem, aspergillus tamarii kita, and aspergillus flavus link ex fries utilized the methylthio moiety of 2,4-bis(isopropylamino) -6-methyl-mercapto-s-triazine (prometryne) as a sulfur nutrient source. other soil fungal isolates not affected by prometryne concentrations to 1 mg/ml culture included: aspergillus oryzae (ahlburg) cohn, curvularia lunata (wakker) boedijn, trichoderma viride persoon ex fries, alternaria tenuis nees ex corda, penicillium funiculosum thom, and pae ... | 1970 | 16349873 |
| cellulase production by trichoderma viride on feedlot waste. | feedlot waste contains essentially all the necessary nutrients for batch fermentation with the fungus trichoderma viride. the organism utilizes two-thirds of the carbohydrate in feedlot waste while elaborating cellulase in quantities comparable to commercial preparations. essentially odor-free, the fermented waste contains all of the original nitrogen but has 24% less organic matter. | 1974 | 16349991 |
| semisolid fermentation of ryegrass straw. | candida utilis, aureobasidium pullulans, and trichoderma viride were grown on pretreated ryegrass straw. the pretreatment consisted of hydrolysis of straw with 0.5 n h(2)so(4) (water-substrate, 3:1) at 121 c, 100 c, and room temperature and adjustment of the hydrolysate to ph 4.5 to 5.0 with 5 n nh(4)oh. the 121 c pretreatment yielded a material containing 30% sugar and 2.3% n. the fermentation was carried on semisolid substrate (moisture level, 75%) in rotating jars for 2 to 3 days at room temp ... | 1975 | 16350045 |
| light accelerates the splicing of srh1 homologue gene transcripts in aerial mycelia of trichoderma viride. | the expression of the tvsrh1 gene encoding conidial hydrophobin was investigated during the development of surface-cultivated trichoderma viride mycelia under different illumination regimes. three transcripts of the whole gene amplified from the total mrna were found with lengths of 400, 323 and 272 bp. the 400-bp transcript was slowly converted to the shorter forms in the dark. light-pulse dramatically increased the rate of conversion, and a permanent illumination of mycelia was most efficient ... | 2006 | 16445751 |
| herbicidal and fungicidal activities of lactones in kava (piper methysticum). | this is the first report showing that kava lactones are plant and plant fungus growth inhibitors. aqueous extract of kava roots showed high allelopathic potential and strongly suppressed germination and growth of lettuce, radish, barnyardgrass, and monochoria. nine kava lactones were detected using gc-ms including desmethoxyyagonin, kavain, 7,8-dihydrokavain, hydroxykavain, yagonin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyyagonin, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, and 11-hydroxy-12-methoxydihydrokavain. quantities o ... | 2006 | 16448174 |
| [screening of phytase-producing strain and its optimal solid state phytase-producing conditions]. | phytase can catalyze phytate hydrolyzed into inositol and phosphoric acid, and its application could make the phytic acid in animal feeds become more available, decrease feed cost, and at the same time, protect eco-environment. in this paper, a phytase-producing strain trichoderma viride lh374 was obtained through isolation and mutation, and its optimal conditions for solid state fermentation and phytase production were investigated. the results suggested that the optimal conditions of solid sta ... | 2005 | 16471358 |
| the production of yeast-growth stimulants by the molds: i. aspergillus niger, trichoderma lignorum, and aspergillus clavatus. | | 1931 | 16559501 |
| biotic relation between fusarium oxysporum schlecht. and fungi isolated from the substrate of stewartia pseudocamellia (max.). | the effect of the fungi community colonizing the substrate of stewartia plants on the growth of fusarium oxysporum schlecht. was investigated. the soil samples from 2 years old stewartia cuttings were taken for analysis in the second decade of october 2002 and 2003, when the symptoms of disease appeared on stewartia plant. fungi were isolated from the substrate using the sand method (mańka k. 1974). fusarium oxysporum were isolated from root system of stewartia pseudocamellia plant. the isolates ... | 2005 | 16637175 |
| carbon requirements of some nematophagous, entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic hyphomycetes as fungal biocontrol agents. | thirty-three carbon sources were evaluated for their effects on spore germination, hyphal growth and sporulation of 11 fungal biocontrol agents, i.e. the nematophagous fungi paecilomyces lilacinus, pochonia chlamydosporia, hirsutella rhossiliensis, h. minnesotensis and arkansas fungus 18, the entomopathogenic fungi lecanicillium lecanii, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae, and the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma viride. variations in carbon requirements were found among the fungal sp ... | 2006 | 16649079 |
| alterations in nicotiana tabacum l. cv xanthi cell membrane function following treatment with an ethylene biosynthesis-inducing endoxylanase. | an ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (eix) produced by the fungus trichoderma viride elicited enhanced ethylene biosynthesis and leakage of potassium and other cellular components when applied to leaf disks of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv xanthi). suspension-cultured cells of xanthi tobacco responded to eix by rapid efflux of potassium, uptake of calcium, alkalization of the medium, inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis, and increased leakage of cellular components. eix-treated cell susp ... | 1992 | 16653055 |
| basic endochitinases are major proteins in castanea sativa cotyledons. | basic endochitinases are abundant proteins in castanea sativa mill. cotyledons. three basic chitinases were purified with molecular masses of 25, 26, and 32 kd (ch1, ch2, and ch3) and with isoelectric points between 8 and 9.5. antibodies raised against ch1 cross-reacted with ch2 and ch3. however, ch3 showed differences when compared with the other two enzymes, especially in its higher cysteine content. the size, amino acid composition, and n-terminal sequence of ch1 indicate that it is a class i ... | 1992 | 16653058 |
| identification of enzymes that are effective for isolating protoplasts from grass leaves. | cellulase c(1), cellulase cx, and xylanase were isolated and purified from a cellulase preparation of trichoderma viride as enzymes effective in the isolation of protoplasts from oat leaves. pectin lyase which is specific for methyl-galacturonide linkages was also found to be a useful enzyme for the isolation of protoplasts from the tissues. this suggested that pectic polysaccharides with a high degree of esterification may play an important role in cell walls of gramineae. it was necessary to u ... | 1983 | 16663059 |
| cell wall metabolism in ripening fruit : iii. purification of an endo-beta-1,4-xylanase that degrades a structural polysaccharide of pear fruit cell walls. | a beta-1,4-xylanase has been purified from the mixture of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes found in a commercial preparation from cultures of trichoderma viride. purification from the desalted enzyme mixture is accomplished either by preparative isoelectric focusing or in two-column chromatographic steps. the xylanase has maximal activity at ph 5.0 and a molecular weight of approximately 13,000 daltons. the enzyme loses activity when heated to above 45 degrees c. the xylanase degrades xylans from ... | 1983 | 16663064 |
| inhibition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-stimulated elongation of pea stem segments by a xyloglucan oligosaccharide. | xyloglucan, isolated from the soluble extracellular polysaccharides of suspension-cultured sycamore (acer pseudoplatanus) cells, was digested with an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase purified from the culture fluid of trichoderma viride. a nonasaccharide-rich bio-gel p-2 fraction of this digest inhibited 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic-acid-stimulated elongation of etiolated pea stem segments. the inhibitory activity of this oligosaccharide fraction exhibited a well-defined concentration optimum between 10(-2) ... | 1984 | 16663614 |
| cell wall cementing materials of grass leaves. | treatment of grass leaves with either a purified pectin lyase of aspergillus japonicus or a purified xylanase of trichoderma viride could lead to the isolation of some single leaf cells. however, a mixture of pectin lyase and xylanase brought about more rapid isolation of single cells than did either of the two enzymes alone, indicating a synergistic effect. analysis of the components released from oat cell walls by the enzymes indicated that both homogalacturonans with a high degree of esterifi ... | 1984 | 16663980 |
| antifungal hydrolases in pea tissue : ii. inhibition of fungal growth by combinations of chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase. | chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase purified from pea pods acted synergistically in the degradation of fungal cell walls. the antifungal potential of the two enzymes was studied directly by adding protein preparations to paper discs placed on agar plates containing germinated fungal spores. protein extracts from pea pods infected with fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli, which contained high activities of chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase, inhibited growth of 15 out of 18 fungi tested. protein extracts f ... | 1988 | 16666407 |
| ethylene biosynthesis-inducing protein from cellulysin is an endoxylanase. | the proteinaceous ethylene biosynthesis-inducing factor (eif) that was purified from cellulysin was also shown to contain a xylanase activity. in all nondenaturing protein separation methods employed (sephacryl s-200 chromatography, and preparative isoelectric focusing and agarose electrophoresis), xylanase activity copurified with the ethylene biosynthesis-inducing activity. treatment with heat (60 degrees c) or proteases in 8 molar urea inhibited both ethylene-inducing and xylanase activities. ... | 1989 | 16666504 |
| xylanase, a novel elicitor of pathogenesis-related proteins in tobacco, uses a non-ethylene pathway for induction. | antisera to acidic isoforms of pathogenesis-related proteins were used to measure the induction of these proteins in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) leaves. endo-(1-4)-beta-xylanase purified from culture filtrates of trichoderma viride was a strong elicitor of pathogenesis-related protein synthesis in tobacco leaves. the synthesis of these proteins was localized to tissue at the area of enzyme application. the inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene action, 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine and sil ... | 1990 | 16667541 |
| an ethylene biosynthesis-inducing endoxylanase elicits electrolyte leakage and necrosis in nicotiana tabacum cv xanthi leaves. | we have previously demonstrated that a protein purified from xylan-induced culture filtrates of trichoderma viride contains beta-1,4-endoxylanase activity and induces ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv xanthi) leaf discs. when the ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (eix) was applied to cut petioles of detached tobacco leaves, it induced ethylene biosynthesis within 1 hour and extensive electrolyte leakage and necrosis were observed in tobacco leaf tissue within 5 hours. ... | 1990 | 16667926 |
| ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase : ii. purification and physical characterization of the enzyme produced by trichoderma viride. | the ethylene biosynthesis-inducing endoxylanase (eix) from xylan-induced cultures of the fungus, trichoderma viride, was purified to near homogeneity and compared with the eix isolated from cellulysin. both enzymes migrate as 9.2 kilodalton proteins during gel filtration chromatography under nondenaturing conditions, but the mature polypeptide migrates as a 22 kilodalton band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the amino acid composition of the 22 kilodalton polypeptide ... | 1991 | 16667971 |
| xylanase and xylosidase activities in avocado fruit. | the activities of xylanase and xylosidase were demonstrated in mature avocado (persea americana mill.) fruits from different cultivars. when monitored on the day of harvest during the season at 1-month intervals, xylanase activity decreased and xylosidase activity increased between january and february and then remained stable until may. when monitored during the ripening process (january harvest), xylanase activity was constant, and xylosidase activity reached a peak at the climax of ethylene e ... | 1991 | 16668079 |
| ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase : iii. product characterization. | induction of ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv xanthi) leaf discs by the ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (eix) isolated from cellulysin or xylan-grown cultures of trichoderma viride was dependent upon the concentration of xylanase applied and upon the length of incubation. arrhenius activation energies of 9,100 and 10,500 calories for the cellulysin and t. viride eix xylanase activities, respectively, were derived from the k(m) and v(max) values determined for each e ... | 1991 | 16668223 |
| elicitor-inducible 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase activity is required for sesquiterpene accumulation in tobacco cell suspension cultures. | addition of cell wall fragments from phytophthora species or cellulase from trichoderma viride, but not pectolyase from aspergillus japonicus, to tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) cell suspension cultures induced the accumulation of the extracellular sesquiterpenoid capsidiol. pulse-labeling experiments with [(14)c]acetate and [(3)h]mevalonate suggested that enzymatic steps preceding mevalonate were limiting capsidiol biosynthesis in the pectolyase-treated cell cultures. treatment of the cell cultures ... | 1991 | 16668454 |
| ethylene biosynthesis-inducing endoxylanase is translocated through the xylem of nicotiana tabacum cv xanthi plants. | ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (eix) from the fungus trichoderma viride elicits enhanced ethylene production and tissue necrosis in whole tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv xanthi) plants at sites far removed from the point of eix application when applied through a cut petiole. symptoms develop in a specific pattern, which appears to be determined by the interconnections of the tobacco xylem. based on results of tissue printing experiments, eix enters the xylem of the stem from the point of ... | 1991 | 16668506 |
| new approaches to the analysis of enzymatically hydrolyzed methyl cellulose. part 2. comparison of various enzyme preparations. | in this part of our studies, dealing with new approaches to the analysis of enzymatically hydrolyzed methyl cellulose, five different enzymes or enzyme preparations containing endoglucanases (from bacillus agaradhaerens cel 5a, trichoderma reesei, trichoderma viride, and two obtained from trichoderma longibrachiatum) were used to hydrolyze six different methyl celluloses (mcs). the main goal was to investigate whether enzymes could be used for determination of the heterogeneity of the substituen ... | 2006 | 16677021 |
| enzymatic polymerization to novel polysaccharides having a glucose-n-acetylglucosamine repeating unit, a cellulose-chitin hybrid polysaccharide. | a cellulose-chitin hybrid polysaccharide having alternatingly beta(1-->4)-linked d-glucose (glc) and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) was synthesized via two modes of enzymatic polymerization. first, a sugar oxazoline monomer of glcbeta(1-->4)glcnac (1) was designed as a transition-state analogue substrate (tsas) monomer for chitinase catalysis. monomer 1 was recognized by chitinase from bacillus sp., giving rise to a cellulose-chitin hybrid polysaccharide (2) via ring-opening polyaddition with p ... | 2006 | 16677050 |
| enhanced elution of sperm from cotton swabs via enzymatic digestion for rape kit analysis. | this report describes development of a method for enhanced cell elution from cotton swabs. the method exploits an enzyme mixture for digestion of the cotton to remove intact cells, and can be utilized in conjunction with or to circumvent conventional differential extraction (de). samples digested with aspergillus niger cellulase yielded sperm cell recoveries (18+/-3.5%) similar to conventional de buffer (23+/-7.8%) while providing intact epithelial cells. storage time affected the concentration ... | 2006 | 16696704 |
| surface density of cellobiohydrolase on crystalline celluloses. a critical parameter to evaluate enzymatic kinetics at a solid-liquid interface. | the enzymatic kinetics of glycoside hydrolase family 7 cellobiohydrolase (cel7a) towards highly crystalline celluloses at the solid-liquid interface was evaluated by applying the novel concept of surface density (rho) of the enzyme, which is defined as the amount of adsorbed enzyme divided by the maximum amount of adsorbed enzyme. when the adsorption levels of trichoderma viride cel7a on cellulose i(alpha) from cladophora and cellulose i(beta) from halocynthia were compared, the maximum adsorpti ... | 2006 | 16759230 |
| larvicidal effect of extracellular secondary metabolites of different fungi against the mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus say. | the culture filtrates of five different soil fungi viz., aspergillus flavus, aspergillus parasiticus, penicillium falicum, fusarium vasinfectum and trichoderma viride were tested for the larvicidal activity against third instar larvae of mosquito vector culex quinquefasciatus. the concentrations of fungal culture filtrates used in the study ranged from 25 to 100 mg/l. the results showed that the larval mortality could be observed on 24 hours of exposure period. the lc5 0 values of a. flavus, a. ... | 2005 | 16880747 |
| specific molds associated with asthma in water-damaged homes. | we sought to determine if specific molds were found in significantly higher concentrations in the water-damaged homes of asthmatic children compared with homes with no visible water damage. | 2006 | 16902378 |
| dissolved oxygen as principal parameter for conidia production of biocontrol fungi trichoderma viride in non-newtonian wastewater. | dissolved oxygen (do) concentration was selected as a principal parameter for translating results of shake flask fermentation of trichoderma viride (biocontrol fungi) to a fermenter scale. all fermentations were carried out in a 7.5 l automated fermenter with a working volume of 4 l. fermentation performance parameters such as volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k (l) a), oxygen uptake rate (our), rheology, conidia concentration, glucose consumption, soluble chemical oxygen demand, entomotox ... | 2006 | 16909264 |
| h+ -mediated coupling of transmembrane ca2+ fluxes in vegetative trichoderma viride mycelia suggested by the study of ageing and adaptation to extreme ca2+ concentrations. | the adaptation to extreme concentrations of ca(2+) and its consequence on the properties of the (45)ca(2+) transport were studied in submerged mycelia of trichoderma viride. the adaptation to low [ca(2+)](o) did not cause changes in kinetic parameters of the (45)ca(2+) influx but the adaptation to high [ca(2+)](o) increased the k(m(ca2+)). the v(max) of the (45)ca(2+) influx decreased with the age of (non-adapted) mycelia with concomitant decrease of the k(m(ca2+)) these changes were prevented i ... | 2007 | 16938400 |
| viridenepoxydiol, a new pentasubstituted oxiranyldecene produced by trichoderma viride. | a new pentasubstituted oxiranyldecene, named viridenepoxydiol, has been isolated (0.9 mg/l) from the culture filtrate of a strain of trichoderma viride showing in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity against sclerotium rolfsii, which is the causal agent of crown and stem rot of artichoke. viridenepoxydiol was characterized as 3,5,9-trimethyl-2-oxiranyl-dec-8-ene-2,5-diol (3) using spectroscopic methods. it showed inhibitor effect on mycelial growth of s. rolfsii and its minimum inhibitory con ... | 2006 | 16939313 |
| enzymatic synthesis of l-pipecolic acid by delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase from pseudomonas putida. | l-pipecolic acid is a chiral pharmaceutical intermediate. an enzymatic system for the synthesis of l-pipecolic acid from l-lysine by commercial l-lysine alpha-oxidase from trichoderma viride and an extract of recombinant escherichia coli cells coexpressing delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase from pseudomonas putida and glucose dehydrogenase from bacillus subtilis is described. a laboratory-scale process provided 27 g/l of l-pipecolic acid in 99.7% e.e. | 2006 | 16960365 |
| integrated application of some compatible biocontrol agents along with mustard oil seed cake and furadan on meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants. | experiments were carried out to study the effect of two fungal bioagents along with mustard oil cake and furadan against root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato under greenhouse condition. bioagents viz., paecilomyces lilacinus and trichoderma viride alone or in combination with mustard cake and furadan promoted plant growth, reduced number of galls/plant, egg masses/root system and eggs/egg mass. the fungal bioagents along with mustard cake and nematicide showed least nematode ... | 2006 | 17048300 |
| elicitor-induced down-regulation of cell cycle-related genes in tobacco cells. | the fungal elicitors, a xylanase from trichoderma viride and an extract from the cell wall of phytophthora infestans, are shown to cause a rapid reduction of the mrna levels of various cell cycle-related genes, including map kinase genes and cyclin genes, in cultured tobacco cells (nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi, line xd6s). pharmacological analyses suggest that the elicitor-induced decrease in bi-type cyclin (nicta;cycb1;3) and a1-type cyclin (nicta;cyca1;1) mrnas may be due to transcriptional re ... | 2006 | 17080634 |
| starch industry wastewater as a substrate for antagonist, trichoderma viride production. | starch industry wastewater was investigated to assess and improve its potential as a raw material for the conidia production of biocontrol fungi, trichoderma viride. the wastewater was tested with and without supplements of glucose, soluble starch, meat peptone and probable conidiation inducer chemicals in shake flask culture. addition of complex carbon source (soluble starch, 1% and 2% w/v) produced maximum conidia ( approximately 3.02 and 4.2 x 10(10)cfu/ml, respectively). on the other hand, g ... | 2007 | 17084079 |
| changes in growth competence of aged trichoderma viride vegetative mycelia. | identical masses of submerged trichoderma viride mycelia of various ages were used as inoculum for a second submerged cultivation lasting for 24 h. it was found that the growth yield of secondary culture was dependent on the age of inoculum. the growth yields increased when the age of primary culture was less than 3 d, and decreased down to zero when older mycelia were inoculated. the mycelia were living even after 1 month of submerged cultivation, as they formed conidia after inoculating onto s ... | 2007 | 17151955 |
| cladosporium fulvum avr4 protects fungal cell walls against hydrolysis by plant chitinases accumulating during infection. | resistance against the leaf mold fungus cladosporium fulvum is mediated by the tomato cf proteins which belong to the class of receptor-like proteins and indirectly recognize extracellular avirulence proteins (avrs) of the fungus. apart from triggering disease resistance, avrs are believed to play a role in pathogenicity or virulence of c. fulvum. here, we report on the avirulence protein avr4, which is a chitin-binding lectin containing an invertebrate chitin-binding domain (cbm14). this domain ... | 2006 | 17153926 |
| effects of carbon concentration and carbon to nitrogen ratio on the growth and sporulation of several biocontrol fungi. | effects of carbon concentration and carbon to nitrogen (c:n) ratio on six biocontrol fungal strains are reported in this paper. all fungal strains had extensive growth on the media supplemented with 6-12 gl(-1) carbon and c:n ratios from 10:1 to 80:1, and differed in nutrient requirements for sporulation. except for the two strains of paecilomyces lilacinus, all selected fungi attained the highest spore yields at a c:n ratio of 160:1 when the carbon concentration was 12 gl(-1) for metarhizium an ... | 2007 | 17158041 |
| fungal strains isolated from cork stoppers and the formation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole involved in the cork taint of wine. | cork taint is mainly due to 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (tca) produced through the activity of undesirable fungal strains. we observed that cfu mould number in tca-containing stoppers was not quantitatively different to that of the stoppers not containing tca (ca. 10(5)cfu/g). in contrast more fungi diversity was observed in tca-containing stoppers. penicillium spp (penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium glabrum), aspergillus spp (aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae), chrysonilia sitophila, mucor ... | 2007 | 17188205 |
| secretion of keratinolytic enzymes and keratinolysis by scopulariopsis brevicaulis and trichophyton mentagrophytes: regression analysis. | a survey on keratinophilic fungi from poultry-farm soils at namakkal and from feather dumping soils at chennai, india, revealed the existence of 34 species of fungi. most of the fungi exhibited variable efficiency in producing extracellular keratinase when grown in plates with chicken feathers as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. the fungi aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus versicolor, chrysosporium state of arthroderma tuberculatum, paecilomyces carneus, scopulariopsis brevic ... | 2006 | 17215897 |
| activation of crystalline cellulose to cellulose iii(i) results in efficient hydrolysis by cellobiohydrolase. | the crystalline polymorphic form of cellulose (cellulose i(alpha)-rich) of the green alga, cladophora, was converted into cellulose iii(i) and i(beta) by supercritical ammonium and hydrothermal treatments, respectively, and the hydrolytic rate and the adsorption of trichoderma viride cellobiohydrolase i (cel7a) on these products were evaluated by a novel analysis based on the surface density of the enzyme. cellobiose production from cellulose iii(i) was more than 5 times higher than that from ce ... | 2007 | 17319934 |
| use of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride for the biological control of meloidogyne incognita on tomato. | trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride were tested for their capacity to reduce the incidence of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita on tomato. in vitro studies demonstrated that all tested isolates were effective in causing nematode mortality compared with the control. trichoderma slightly reduced nematode damage to tomato in vivo. treatment of the soil with the biocontrol agents before transplanting, improved control over treatment directly at transplanting. the trichoderma isol ... | 2006 | 17390844 |
| microbial transformation of 5alpha,6alpha-epoxy-3beta-hydroxy-16-pregnen-20-one by trichoderma viride. | fermentation of 5alpha,6alpha-epoxy-3beta-hydroxy-16-pregnen-20-one (4) with trichoderma viride under aerobic condition yielded 3beta,5alpha,6beta-trihydroxy-16-pregnen-20-one (5) and 3beta,5alpha,6beta,15beta-tetrahydroxy-16-pregnen-20-one (6). each microbial metabolite was characterized by spectroscopic methods. compounds 6 and 3beta,5alpha,15beta-trihydroxy-16-pregnen-6,20-dione (7) are reported for the first time. | 2007 | 17395224 |
| bioconversion of municipal solid waste to glucose for bio-ethanol production. | selected biodegradable municipal solid waste fractions were subjected to fifteen different pre-hydrolysis treatments to obtain the highest glucose yield for bio-ethanol production. pre-hydrolysis treatments consisted of dilute acid (h(2)so(4), hno(3) or hcl, 1 and 4%, 180 min, 60 degrees c), steam treatment (121 and 134 degrees c, 15 min), microwave treatment (700 w, 2 min) or a combination of two of them. enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out with trichoderma reesei and trichoderma viride (10 an ... | 2007 | 17458580 |
| microfungi associated with abies needles and betula leaf litter in a subalpine coniferous forest. | we investigated microfungal assemblages on leaf litter within a subalpine forest in central japan and their variation with season, litter depth, and litter species. microfungal assemblages were compared for abies needles and betula leaf litter collected from litter and fermentation layers of the forest floor during the growing season in spring, summer, and autumn. a total of 35 and 42 species were isolated from abies needles and betula leaf litter, respectively. the observed variation in microfu ... | 2007 | 17496944 |
| a functionalized 20-residue peptaibol derivative for nucleic acid delivery. | based on the membrane-modifying peptaibol trichocellin-a-i (1) from trichoderma viride, we designed a vehicle for the cellular delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides by attaching a (lys)10 stretch to the c-terminus of 1. the resulting transporter peptide 2, prepared by solid-phase synthesis using fmoc protocol in combination with amino acid fluorides, was found to be mainly alpha-helical in solution, in contrast to its precursors 1 and 3. the uptake of the complex formed between carrier 2 a ... | 2007 | 17510994 |
| supplemental food affects thrips predation and movement of orius laevigatus (hemiptera: anthocoridae) and neoseiulus cucumeris (acari: phytoseiidae). | two experiments were done to examine the predation of thrips, and the movement of orius laevigatus fieber and neoseiulus cucumeris (oudemans) in the presence and absence of two supplemental food sources, pollen and the fungus trichoderma viride. the presence of pollen led to a 55% reduction in predation of the thrips by n. cucumeris and a 40% reduction in thrips predation by o. laevigatus, in experiments using single predators. the presence of fungus had no significant effect on thrips predation ... | 2007 | 17524162 |
| potential of the volatile-producing fungus muscodor albus for control of building molds. | the possibility of using the volatile-producing fungus muscodor albus for biofumigation against building molds was investigated. several species of aspergillus and penicillium as well as fungi belonging to nine other genera were inhibited or killed in vitro by volatiles produced by potato dextrose agar or rye grain cultures of m. albus. trichoderma viride was the only fungus that was not inhibited by m. albus volatiles. to test biofumigation as a preventative treatment against fungal colonizatio ... | 2007 | 17538650 |
| purification and characterization of an antifungal protein, c-fkbp, from chinese cabbage. | an antifungal protein was isolated from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis) by buffer-soluble extraction and two chromatographic procedures. the results of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry revealed that the isolated chinese cabbage protein was identical to human fk506-binding protein (fkbp). a cdna encoding fkbp was isolated from a chinese cabbage leaf cdna library and named c-fkbp. the open reading frame of the gene en ... | 2007 | 17550265 |
| [damage analyse of x-ray radiated cellobiohydrolase ii molecule from trichoderma viride]. | after x-ray treatment at 1.82 kev and 40 ma and 4 hours, the cellobiohydrolase ii (cbh ii) aqueous solution of trichoderma viride was analysed, and the damage state of the irradiated molecule was detected using some cysteine residue relative parameters in raman spectroscopic methods. the results show that s-h stretch modes of cbh ii exhibited some shift, which means that the hydrogen proton donor state of sulfhydryl groups was stronger and weaker, respectively. the 2 554 cm(-1) peak of irradiate ... | 2007 | 17608209 |
| isolation of steroidal glycosides from solanum xanthocarpum and studies on their antifungal activities. | isolation of the methanol extract of solanum xanthocarpum resulted in the isolation and characterization of carpesterol (1) and four steroidal glycosides (2, 3, 4, and 5). the structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis. the antifungal activity of the steroidal compounds extracted from the fruits of s. xanthocarpum was investigated against aspergillus niger and trichoderma viride. the isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 exhibited inhibitory effects on the radial gro ... | 2007 | 17613815 |
| parameter estimation and prediction for the course of a single epidemic outbreak of a plant disease. | many epidemics of plant diseases are characterized by large variability among individual outbreaks. however, individual epidemics often follow a well-defined trajectory which is much more predictable in the short term than the ensemble (collection) of potential epidemics. in this paper, we introduce a modelling framework that allows us to deal with individual replicated outbreaks, based upon a bayesian hierarchical analysis. information about 'similar' replicate epidemics can be incorporated int ... | 2007 | 17638651 |
| diphenamid metabolism in plants. | diphenamid, a herbicide, is metabolized to n-methyl 2,2-diphenylacetamide and 2,2-diphenylacetamide by the common soil fungi trichoderma viride and aspergillus candidus within 48 hours. the two metabolites are more toxic than diphenamid to both tomato and barnyard-grass seedlings under sterile conditions. this finding indicates that the phytotoxic moiety is not diphenamid but one of its metabolites-probably the n-methyl derivative. | 1967 | 17738227 |
| biosorption of cr (vi) with trichoderma viride immobilized fungal biomass and cell free ca-alginate beads. | ability of cr (vi) biosorption with immobilized trichoderma viride biomass and cell free ca-alginate beads was studied in the present study. biosorption efficiency in the powdered fungal biomass entrapped in polymeric matric of calcium alginate compared with cell free calcium alginate beads. effect of ph, initial metal ion concentration, time and biomass dose on the cr (vi) removal by immobilized and cell free ca-alginate beads were also determined. biosorption of cr (vi) was ph dependent and th ... | 2007 | 17821865 |
| production of fungal biomass protein using microfungi from winery wastewater treatment. | this study was carried out to investigate the production of fungal biomass protein (fbp) in treatment of winery wastewater using microfungi. three fungal strains, trichoderma viride webl0702, aspergillus niger webl0901 and aspergillus oryzae webl0401, were selected in terms of microbial capability for fbp production and cod reduction. t. viride appeared to be the best strain for fbp production due to high productivity and less nitrogen requirement. more than 5 g/l of fungal biomass was produced ... | 2008 | 17911010 |
| marked production of ginsenosides rd, f2, rg3, and compound k by enzymatic method. | the hydrolysis of protopanaxadiol-type saponin mixture by various glycoside hydrolases was examined. among these enzymes, crude preparations of lactase from aspergillus oryzae, beta-galactosidase from a. oryzae, and cellulase from trichoderma viride were found to produce ginsenoside f(2) [3-o-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-20-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-20(s)-protopanaxadiol], compound k [20-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-20(s)-protopanaxadiol], and ginsenoside rd {3-o-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucop ... | 2007 | 17917300 |
| polyploid formation between aspergillus niger and trichoderma viride for enhanced citric acid production from cellulose. | the first-stage heterokaryons, obtaining from intergeneric protoplast fusion between aspergillus niger (y-b) and trichoderma viride (m5s51), showed slow growth and mixed morphologies on minimal medium. the fusants were classified into heterokaryon and prototrophic haploid, showing the morphology as that of a. niger. the heterokaryon strains formed conidia with the same nutritional requirements as those of the original auxotrophic mutant strains. after several subcultivations on minimal medium co ... | 2007 | 18025606 |
| bioremediation of aflatoxins by some reference fungal strains. | aspergillus parasiticus rcmb 002001 (2) producing four types of aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, and g2 was used in this study as an aflatoxin-producer. penicillium griseofulvum, p. urticae, paecilomyces lilacinus, trichoderma viride, candida utilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as a non-toxigenic strain of aspergillus flavus were found to be able to exhibit growth on aflatoxin b1-containing medium up to a concentration of 500 ppb. it was also found that several fungal strains exhibited the growth in ... | 2007 | 18062656 |
| the role of humic fractions from soil and compost in controlling the growth in vitro of phytopathogenic and antagonistic soil-borne fungi. | the regulation capacity of four humic substance (hs) samples, a soil humic acid (ha) and two has and one fulvic acid (fa) isolated from a composting substrate, was evaluated at two concentrations on the growth in vitro of one plant pathogenic, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and two antagonistic, trichoderma viride and t. harzianum, soil-borne fungi. the presence of any hs sample in the growing medium, especially those from the composting substrate, caused a relevant inhibition of the mycelial growth ... | 2008 | 18177939 |
| prevalence of allergic sensitization to indoor fungi in west virginia. | exposure to indoor fungi is of growing concern in residential and occupational environments in the united states. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sensitization to common indoor fungal species in an atopic population. we evaluated 102 patients (73 female and 29 male patients) for immunoglobulin e (ige) reactivity to a panel of skin-prick test (spt) reagents used for routine allergy testing. patients also were tested for six additional fungi that are common indoor cont ... | 2008 | 18302835 |
| identification and purification of the main components of cellulases from a mutant strain of trichoderma viride t 100-14. | a new mutant strain of fungus trichoderma viride t 100-14 was cultivated on 1% microcrystalline cellulose (avicel) for 120h and the resulting culture filtrate was prepared for protein identification and purification. to identify the predominant catalytic components, cellulases were separated by an adapted two-dimensional electrophoresis technique. the apparent major spots were identified by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass (hplc-esi-ms). seven of the components ... | 2008 | 18331790 |
| effects of inhaled fine dust on lung tissue changes and antibody response induced by spores of opportunistic fungi in goats. | to investigate the effects of sterile fine dust aerosol inhalation on antibody responses and lung tissue changes induced by mucor ramosissimus or trichoderma viride spores following intratracheal inoculation in goats. | 2008 | 18380582 |
| ca2+-dependent induction of conidiation in submerged cultures of trichoderma viride. | the presence of ca2+ (up to 0.1 mol/l) in the cultivation media was found to induce the formation of conidia in submerged mycelia of trichoderma viride in a concentration-dependent manner. ca2+ dramatically stimulated conidiation after 70 h of cultivation. the effect was present in the dark, and illumination stimulated it only marginally. low (less than 100 micromol/l) ca2+ concentrations induced the formation of chlamydospores. sr2+ could substitute ca2+ in conidiogenesis with lower efficiency ... | 2008 | 18389001 |
| quantitative pcr analysis of fungi and bacteria in building materials and comparison to culture-based analysis. | prolonged moisture on building materials can lead to microbial growth on them. microbes can emit spores, metabolites and structural parts into the indoor air and thus, cause adverse health effects of people living and working in these buildings. so far, culture methods have been used for assessment of microbial contamination of building materials. in this work, we used quantitative pcr (qpcr) for the detection of selected fungal and bacterial groups in 184 building materials of different types a ... | 2008 | 18449403 |
| hypocrea rufa/trichoderma viride: a reassessment, and description of five closely related species with and without warted conidia. | the type species of the genus hypocrea (hypocreaceae, hypocreales, ascomycota, fungi), h. rufa, is re-defined and epitypified using a combination of phenotype (morphology of teleomorphs and anamorphs, and characteristics in culture) and phylogenetic analyses of the translation-elongation factor 1alpha gene. its anamorph, t. viride, the type species of trichoderma, is re-described and epitypified. eidamia viridescens is combined as trichoderma viridescens and is recognised as one of the most morp ... | 2006 | 18490991 |
| the effect of the oxygen transfer rate (osr) on the formation of cellulases by trichoderma viride in submersion culture. | the formation of cellulases by trichoderma viride in a medium containing cellulose as a sole source of carbon depends on the oxygen transfer rate (osr); the osr, on the other hand, depends on the concentration of cellulose in the medium because the concentration of cellulose strongly affects the viscosity of the medium. in the work presented here, the dependence has been determined for the oxygen transfer rate on geometric relations and viscosity in cellulose-containing media during cultivation ... | 1982 | 18546247 |
| effects of polyphenolic compounds on the growth and cellulolytic activity of a strain of trichoderma viride. | | 1982 | 18546387 |
| enzyme electrode for specific determination of l-lysine. | l-lysine alpha-oxidase from trichoderma viride y244-2 is immobilized in a gelatin support and fixed on a po(2) sensor. the enzyme electrode obtained is used in a continuous flow system in order to measure the concentration of l-lysine in a fermentor. the sample oxygen-content dependance of the signal is minimized because of the enzyme support properties. the enzyme electrode response is set for lysine concentration from 0.2mm to 4mm. the specificity of lysine is tested with other amino acids. th ... | 1983 | 18548593 |
| adsorption of cellulase from trichoderma viride on cellulose. | the adsorption of cellulase from trichoderma viride (meicelase cep) on the surface of pure cellulose was studied. the adsorption was found to obey apparently the langmuir isotherm. from the data concering the effects of temperature and the crystallinity of cellulose on the langmuir adsorption parameters, the characteristics of the adsorption of the individual cellulase components, namely cmcase (endoglucanase) and avicelase (exoglucanase), were discussed. while beta-glucosidase also adsorbed on ... | 1983 | 18548641 |
| kinetic study on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulose from trichoderma viride. | pure cellulose (avicel) was hydrolyzed batchwise at 50 degrees c and ph 4.8 by cellulase from trichoderma viride (meicelase cep). then the effects of the crystallinity of cellulose as well as the thermal deactivation and product (cellubiose and glucose) inhibition to cellulose on the hydrolysis rate were quantitatively investigated. while these factor had evidently retarded the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to a significant extent, the hydrolysis rates observed could not be explained. for pr ... | 1983 | 18551549 |
| alkali treatment of corn stover to improve sugar production by enzymatic hydrolysis. | alkali treatment of corn stover improves the avaliability of cellulose and hemicellulose for enzymatic attack. treatments were carried out for 1 to 60 min at temperatures and naoh concentrations ranging from 100 to 150 degrees c and 0 to 2%, respectively. solubilization of the stover and sugar production by enzymatic hydrolysis (trichoderma viride cellulase) of the solid residue and the dissolved solids were used to measure the effect of caustic treatment. at 150 degrees c and 2% naoh concentrat ... | 1983 | 18551551 |
| effect of dilution on carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase assays. | it has been demonstrated that the dilution of samples prior to the carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase assays causes serious discrepancies in the numerical values obtained for the enzyme activities. even when the sample is assayed with the identical procedure, one could obtain different numerical values of the enzyme activity u depending on how much this sample has been diluted before the enzyme assay. two crude commercial cellulase samples of aspergillus niger and trichoderma viride as well as ... | 1984 | 18553487 |
| the production of cellulase in a spouted bed fermentor using cells immobilized in biomass support particles. | continuous cellulase production by trichoderma viride qm 9123, immobilized in 6 mm diameter, spherical, stainless steel biomass support particles, has been achieved using a medium containing glucose as the main carbon source. experiments were carried out in a 10-l spouted bed fermentor. in this type of reactor-recycled broth is used to create a jet at the base of a bed of particles, causing the particles to spout and circulate. during the circulation, particles pass through a region of high shea ... | 1986 | 18553840 |
| properties of cellulase immobilized on agarose gel with spacer. | cellulase produced by fungus trichoderma viride was immobilized on agarose beads (sepharose 4b) activated by cyanogen bromide and also on activated agarose beads that contained spacer arm (activated ch-sepharose 4b and affi-gel 15). the cmcase activity retained by immobilized cellulase on activated sepharose containing the spacer tended to be higher than that immobilized without spacer, although the extent of protein immobilization was lower. also, the higher substrate specificity for cellulase ... | 1986 | 18555305 |
| microbial and xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitory activity of some flavones. | xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh) is responsible for the pathological condition called gout. in the present study different flavones synthesized from chalcone were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activity. inhibitory activity of flavones on xdh was determined in terms of inhibition of uric acid synthesis from xanthine. the enzymatic activity was found maximum at ph 7.5 and temperature 40 degrees c. the flavones 6-chloro-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-1-h-pyrazol-4-yl]-chromen-4-one (f(1)) a ... | 2008 | 18569337 |
| expression of ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea in trichoderma viride. | the efe gene encoding an ethylene-forming enzyme from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea has been expressed for the first time under the control of trichoderma reesei cbh1 promoter in trichoderma viride. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that transformant y2 produced mrna of the efe gene. southern blot analysis showed that there was one copy of efe gene which was integrated into the chromosomal dna of t. viride. ethylene production by transformant y2 was efficiently ... | 2008 | 18575855 |
| immobilization of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes on inorganic supports. | commercial cellulase preparations from trichoderma viride and aspergillus niger were immobilized on porous silica glass and ceramics such as alumina and titania with titanium tetrachloride (ticl(4)) and on their silanized derivatives with glutaraldehyde (glut). the amounts of the immobilized enzymes were in the range 10-50 mg/g carrier (dry) depending on the kind of carrier and immobilization method. their activities toward carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc), xylan, aryl-beta-glucoside, and aryl-beta ... | 1987 | 18576381 |
| enzymatic production of ethanol from cellulose using soluble cellulose acetate as an intermediate. | a two-stage process for the enzymatic conversion of cellulose to ethanol is proposed as an alternative to currently incomplete and relatively slow enzymatic conversion processes employing natural insoluble cellulose. this alternative approach is designed to promote faster and more complete conversion of cellulose to fermentable sugars through the use of a homogeneous enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. cellulose is chemically dissolved in the first stage to form water-soluble cellulose acetate (wsca) ... | 1987 | 18576562 |
| adsorption and kinetic behavior of purified endoglucanases and exoglucanases from trichoderma viride. | adsorption on crystalline cellulose of six endoglucanases (endo i, ii, iii, iv, v and vi; 1, 4-beta-d-glucan glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.4) and two exoglucanases (exo ii and iii; 1,4-beta-d-glucan cellobiohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.92), purified from a commercial cellulase preparation of trichoderma viride origin, was studied. endo i, iii, and v adsorbed strongly on avicel cellulose, while adsorption of endo ii, iv, and vi was much lower. also, the two exoglucanases could be divided into one enzyme (exo ... | 1987 | 18581306 |
| specific and nonspecific glucanases from trichoderma viride. | six endoglucanases (endo i, ii, iii, iv, v, and vi), three exoglucanases (exo i, ii, and iii), and a beta-glucosidase (beta-gluc i) isolated from a commercial cellulase preparation of trichoderma viride origin were examined as to their activities on xylan ex oat spelts. endo i, ii, and iii as well as exo ii and iii showed no activity toward xylan and were classified as specific glucanases. less specificity was found for the endoglucanases endo iv, v, and vi, exo i, and beta-gluc i, whose enzymes ... | 1988 | 18581576 |
| synergism in cellulose hydrolysis by endoglucanases and exoglucanases purified from trichoderma viride. | | 1988 | 18581578 |
| influence of the water activity of a solid substrate on the growth rate and sporogenesis of filamentous fungi. | the water activity (a(w)) of substrates has been related to the mycelial growth and the sporogenesis of two molds. in the absence of other limiting factors, optimal a(w) values were determined for growth and sporogenesis as 0.99 and 0.98, respectively, for trichoderma viride ts and 0.97 and 0.96 for penicillium roqueforti. in all cases, the accuracy of the optimal value would justify the regulation of this parameter. a model was proposed which establishes a relationship between the mycelial grow ... | 1988 | 18584631 |
| a new pilot reactor for solid-state fermentation: application to the protein enrichment of sugar beet pulp. | a new pilot reactor for solid-state fermentation has been used for single-cell protein production on raw sugar beet pulp with a mutant, trichoderma viride t.s. this pilot plant, having a maximum working capacity of one ton (ca. 200 kg dry matter) can be scaled up to the production plant level. during the process, the protein content increases from 9 to 20-21% (on the basis of dry matter) in 48 h. a material and heat balance is presented in relation with temperature and moisture level regulation ... | 1988 | 18584634 |
| utilization of winery wastes for trichoderma viride biocontrol agent production by solid state fermentation. | biocontrol agents are safe and environmental friendly alternatives for pesticides in agriculture application. trichoderma viride webl0703 performed a high level of antagonistic activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens and was determined as a biocontrol agent, which was produced by solid state fermentation using grape marc and wine lees. the maximum yield of t. viride conidia was up to 6.65 x 10(9) cfu/g initial dry substrate (ids) after 10 d fermentation. as important enzymes for prote ... | 2008 | 18595404 |
| enzymatic activities of novel mutant endoglucanases carrying sequential active sites. | novel mutant enzymes of endoglucanase ii (egii) from fungus trichoderma viride were prepared and their hydrolysis and enzymatic polymerization activities were studied. egii(core)2 and egii(core)2-his, which possess sequential two active sites of egii with a his-tag probe at the n-terminal and with his-tag probes at the n and c terminals, respectively, showed higher hydrolysis activities than egiicore with a single active site even in comparison on the active-site concentration basis. these mutan ... | 2008 | 18599118 |
| phylogenetic analysis on the bacteria producing non-volatile fungistatic substances. | this study characterized the soil bacteria producing non-volatile fungistatic substances. among the 2,100 colonies of soil bacteria randomly isolated from seven agricultural soil samples, 518 isolates (24.67% of total) showed fungistatic activity toward nematophagous fungi paecilomyces lilacinus and trichoderma viride by producing non-volatile substances. a phylogenetic analysis based on amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra) and 16s rdna sequence placed the 518 bacteria in three g ... | 2008 | 18604493 |
| fungistatic activity of iron-free bovin lactoferrin against several fungal plant pathogens and antagonists. | lactoferrin (lf) is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins. it is also a multifunctional protein of 80 kda that is synthesized by glandular epithelial cells and secreted into mucosal fluid. high levels of lf are present in colostrom and milk and low levels in tears, saliva, and gastrointestinal and reproductive secretions. data regarding the antifungal effects of lf are limited. studies have been performed on candida albicans, which demonstrated that lf inhibits the gro ... | 2008 | 18629710 |
| purification and determination of the chemical structure of the tyrosinase inhibitor produced by trichoderma viride strain h1-7 from a marine environment. | tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of melanin and is widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. as excessive melanin production causes not only hyperpigmenting effects on human skin but also melanosis in various foods, an inhibitor of tyrosinase has become of interest lately from a practical point of view. in the present study, we purified the tyrosinase inhibitor produced by trichoderma viride strain h1-7 from a marine environment. the purified inhibitor showed a single ... | 2008 | 18670100 |
| antifungal mechanism of antibacterial peptide, abp-cm4, from bombyx mori against aspergillus niger. | antibacterial peptide, cm4 (abp-cm4), a 35 amino acid peptide from chinese silkworm-bombyx mori, displayed a strong antifungal activity against aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride and gibberella saubinetii. scanning electron microcopy showed that the morphology of conidia became more irregular and swelled when treated with abp-cm4 at its minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of 8 mum. a cell wall regeneration assay indicated that the plasma membrane was the prime target of abp-cm4 action. con ... | 2008 | 18696012 |
| the antimicrobial reagent role on the degradation of model cellulose film. | the effect of the antimicrobial agent tmpac (3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride) on the cellulase activity on model cellulose substrate was investigated by in situ-null ellipsometry. the cellulases used were extracted from trichoderma viride and aspergillus niger, and the model cellulose film was prepared by spin-coating silicon oxide wafers with cellulose solubilized in n-methylmorpholine-n-oxide/dimethyl sulfoxide solution. upon enzyme addition to the previously equi ... | 2008 | 18752805 |
| optimization of cellulase mixture for efficient hydrolysis of steam-exploded corn stover by statistically designed experiments. | to improve the enzymatic hydrolytic efficiency and reduce production cost, a statistically designed experimental approach was used to optimize the composition of cellulase mixture so as to maximize the amount of glucose produced from steam-exploded corn stover (secs). using seven purified enzymes (cellobiohydrolases, cel7a, cel6a, cel6b; endoglucanases, cel7b, cel12a, cel61a; and beta-glucosidase) from trichoderma viride t 100-14 mutant strain, a multi-enzyme mixture was constituted after screen ... | 2009 | 18771915 |