| cutaneous infection with metarhizium anisopliae in a patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and immune deficiency. | | 2008 | 18277915 |
| reduction in fitness of female asian longhorned beetle (anoplophora glabripennis) infected with metarhizium anisopliae. | bioassays were conducted to document the effects of metarhizium anisopliae infection on adult female asian longhorned beetle (anoplophora glabripennis) reproduction before death and subsequent survival of offspring. the effect of infection on fecundity was evaluated for females already laying eggs and for newly eclosed females using m. anisopliae isolates arsef 7234 and 7711, respectively. decreased longevity and oviposition compared with controls were observed in females that were already layin ... | 2008 | 18280493 |
| environmental and behavioral constraints on the infection of wireworms by metarhizium anisopliae. | environmental and behavioral factors that affect the infection of wireworms [agriotes obscurus l. (coleoptera: elateridae)] by a unique isolate of metarhizium anisopliae sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) were studied. after wireworms were placed in soil containing 10(6) m. anisopliae conidia/g and incubated at 6, 12, or 18 degrees c, significant disease development and wireworm mortality occurred only in those wireworms incubated at 18 degrees c. at this temperature, mortality was found to ... | 2007 | 18284769 |
| algorithm-based design of novel synthetic media for metarhizium anisopliae simulating its nutritional conditions in the environment. | the objective of this study was to develop a novel synthetic growth medium for increased conidium production of the entompathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. the medium should simulate natural nutritional conditions. | 2008 | 18298524 |
| oxidative stress induced by destruxin from metarhizium anisopliae (metch.) involves changes in glutathione and ascorbate metabolism and instigates ultrastructural changes in the salivary glands of spodoptera litura (fab.) larvae. | the cyclodepsipeptidic mycotoxin, destruxin, produced by metarhizium anisopliae is known for its larvicidal properties. the crude destruxin-treated spodoptera litura larvae revealed a decrease in thiol content and an increment in oxidation of glutathione to glutathione disulfide and ascorbate to dehydro ascorbate in a dose- and time-dependent manner. an increase in the levels of protein carbonyls and the free radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical was also observed. these provide a cle ... | 2008 | 18339414 |
| atypical fungal sclerokeratitis. | to report a case of fungal sclerokeratitis caused by metarrhizium anisopliae, which to our knowledge is the first reported case worldwide. | 2008 | 18362676 |
| experimentally increased group diversity improves disease resistance in an ant species. | a leading hypothesis linking parasites to social evolution is that more genetically diverse social groups better resist parasites. moreover, group diversity can encompass factors other than genetic variation that may also influence disease resistance. here, we tested whether group diversity improved disease resistance in an ant species with natural variation in colony queen number. we formed experimental groups of workers and challenged them with the fungal parasite metarhizium anisopliae. worke ... | 2008 | 18371089 |
| [evaluation of the biological control potential of metarhizium anisopliae toward boophilus microplus in pen trials]. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae to control boophilus microplus tick in pen trials. infested calves were held in individual pen and treated with fungus suspension through aspersion bath. the results were evaluated based on ticks' mortality rate for 28 days after treatment, and on the analysis of biology of tick's samples which were transferred to an incubation chamber. it was reported 33% of mortality during the total period analyzed, ... | 2007 | 18373901 |
| identification and characterization of an alternative oxidase in the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | mitochondria of metarhizium anisopliae contain an alternative oxidase (aox), which reduces oxygen to water by accepting electrons directly from ubiquinol. aox activity is demonstrated in situ as a constitutive enzyme. greatest activity of aox appears at the beginning and at the end of the fungal developmental cycle, germination of aerial conidia and the formation of submerged conidia, respectively. changes in nutritional conditions, e.g., the presence of host insect cuticle or nutrient starvatio ... | 2008 | 18388981 |
| whey for mass production of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. | spore production of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae was studied in a novel whey-based culture media. spore yield and viability were determined for two b. bassiana (gha-726 and ca-603) and two m. anisopliae (ca-1 and imi 330189) isolates following production in three whey-based systems: solid, liquid, and a diphasic production system. our study indicated that whey permeate can be used effectively for production of spores of entomopathogenic fungi. however, spore yield and viability ... | 2008 | 18396025 |
| pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi on hibernating pupae of cameraria ohridella deschka & dimic 1986 (lepidoptera, gracillariidae). part 1: pathogenicity against the naked pupa. | strains from paecilomyces fumosoroseus, lecanicillium muscarium, metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana were examined in standardized biotest to control the horse-chestnut leaf miner (cameraria ohridella) in her pupal stage in winter. the fungi were pathogenic against the hibernating pupae of cameraria ohridella at dose of 1.9 x 10(7) conidia/ml. they were aggressive, led to infection, death and mouldiness of naked pupae. even at low temperature of 5 degrees c and 12 degrees c. l. muscari ... | 2007 | 18399468 |
| pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi on hibernating pupae of cameraria ohridella deschka & dimic 1986 (lepidoptera, gracillariidae). part 2: efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against pupa in her pupal cell. | the naked pupae of chestnut leafminer cameraria ohridella are susceptible for entomopathogenic fungi paecilomyces fumosoroseus strain p6; lecanicillium muscarium strain v24; metarhizium anisopliae strain m72 and beauveria bassiana strain b412. their activity at low temperature is advantageous especially for the use in the winter season. (richter et al., 2007a). therefore the possibility of infection should be examined in biotest for pupae in their pupal cells on leaf of chestnut at conditions li ... | 2007 | 18399469 |
| impact of moisture on survival of aedes aegypti eggs and ovicidal activity of metarhizium anisopliae under laboratory conditions. | the effect of relative humidity (43%, 75%, 86% and > 98%) on aedes aegypti eggs treated with metarhizium anisopliae or water only was tested for up to a six months exposure at 25 degrees c. survival of larvae inside eggs was clearly affected by the lowest humidity (43%) tested, and eclosion diminished at all humidities after increasing periods of exposure. m. anisopliae showed to have a strong ovicidal activity only at humidity close to saturation. no difference of activity was found between con ... | 2008 | 18425277 |
| studies on adaptations of metarhizium anisopliae to life in the soil. | metarhizium anisopliae is an important fungal model for elucidating the basis of entomopathogenicity. a field trial conducted in 2000 with a strain expressing the gfp gene as a marker unexpectedly identified the rhizosphere (the root-soil interface) as the site where insects and pathogen most likely interact. however, the implications of rhizosphere events in maintaining large populations of m. anisopliae remain unclear. the extent to which plant ecology is impacted by the rhizosphere competence ... | 2008 | 18430436 |
| selection of global metarhizium isolates for the control of the rice pest nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae). | this study was initiated to search for fungal candidates for microbial control of brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens stål, to which little attention has been paid in the past two decades. | 2008 | 18438960 |
| evaluation of metarhizium anisopliae (deuteromycota: hyphomycetes) for control of broad mite polyphagotarsonemus latus (acari: tarsonemidae) in mulberry. | a study on 12 entomopathogenic fungi for controlling broad mite (polyphagotarsonemus latus (banks)) in mulberry found that metarhizium anisopliae ckm-048 was the most virulent strain in controlling both larvae and adult broad mites at the concentration of 2 x 10(8) conidia/ml. there was no ovicidal effect when tested with broad mite eggs. median lethal concentrations (lc(50)) of m. anisopliae in killing larvae and adults were 8.7 x 10(6) and 1.3 x 10(7 )conidia/ml, respectively. median lethal ti ... | 2008 | 18483792 |
| effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis-transgenic chickpeas and the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae in controlling helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the use of genetically modified (bt) crops expressing lepidopteran-specific cry proteins derived from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis is an effective method to control the polyphagous pest helicoverpa armigera. as h. armigera potentially develops resistance to cry proteins, bt crops should be regarded as one tool in integrated pest management. therefore, they should be compatible with biological control. bioassays were conducted to understand the interactions between a cry2aa-expressin ... | 2008 | 18487396 |
| agrobacterium-mediated disruption of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene in the invertebrate pathogen metarhizium anisopliae reveals a peptide spore factor. | numerous secondary metabolites have been isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae, but the roles of these compounds as virulence factors in disease development are poorly understood. we targeted for disruption by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation a putative nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nps) gene, manps1. four of six gene disruption mutants identified were examined further. chemical analyses showed the presence of serinocyclins, cyclic heptapeptides, i ... | 2008 | 18502925 |
| intracellular infection of tick cell lines by the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | several fungal pathogens are able to enter and persist within eukaryotic cells as part of their infectious life cycle. metarhizium anisopliae is a saprophytic entomopathogenic fungus virulent towards numerous tick species, including those within the genera ixodes and amblyomma. infection of the target organism by this fungus proceeds via several steps, including adhesion and penetration of the host cuticle, proliferation within tissues and the haemolymph, and eventual eruption through the host c ... | 2008 | 18524924 |
| african water storage pots for the delivery of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae to the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles funestus. | we studied the use of african water storage pots for point source application of metarhizium anisopliae against the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. funestus. clay pots were shown to be attractive resting sites for male and female an. gambiae s.s. and were not repellent after impregnation with fungus. m. anisopliae was highly infective and virulent after spray application inside pots. at a dosage of 4 x 10(10) conidia/m(2), an average of 95 +/- 1.2% of an. gambiae s.s. obtained a f ... | 2008 | 18541768 |
| identification of novel derivative of helvolic acid from metarhizium anisopliae grown in medium with insect component. | entomopathogenic fungi are unique owing to their versatile ability to produce many bioactive compounds and from the dependence of their morphological differentiation on the presence of insect-derived materials. an entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae hf293, was found to show insect-material-dependent production of antibacterial compounds, which were purified to homogeneity from 10-d culture broth when the production reached maximum. two compounds were isolated: the major compound was ... | 2008 | 18558337 |
| interactions of metarhizium anisoplae and tree-based mulches in repellence and mycoses against coptotermes formosanus (isoptera: rhinotermitidae). | the use of mulch in urban landscapes has increased in the united states for the past decade. tree-based organic mulches can supply coptotermes formosanus shiraki with food, moisture, and shelter. the current research contributes to mulch management technology in termite control. a choice test arena was designed to determine the repellence and mortality caused by commercial mulches treated with different concentrations of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) against c. formosanus. eac ... | 2008 | 18559182 |
| laboratory evaluation of three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for controlling dermanyssus gallinae. | the pathogenicity of three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae on different life stages of dermanyssus gallinae was evaluated in the laboratory. all the strains tested were virulent to d. gallinae but pathogenicity varied among the strains. strain v245 induced a higher mortality rate using different concentrations than other two strains. the estimated median lethal concentration of different strains of m. anisopliae against d. gallinae varied depending on the exposure t ... | 2008 | 18568651 |
| [effects of metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. and beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill. on the predatory stinkbug podisus nigrispinus (dallas) (hemiptera: pentatomidae)]. | entomopathogenic fungi and the predatory stinkbug podisus nigrispinus (dallas) can target simultaneously the same or different pests in agroecosystems. topical contact during fungal dispersion or spraying, walking on plant surfaces and ingestion of contaminated prey are some of possible ways of interactions between fungi and the predatory stinkbug. the impact of three isolates of metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. (866, 1022 and 1189) and beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill. (604, 634 and 561) ... | 2006 | 18575695 |
| pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae for ceratitis capitata (wied.) (diptera: tephritidae) in soil with different pesticides. | this research intended to investigate if the presence of pesticides in the soil could affect the pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae metsch. (sorokin) for ceratitis capitata (wied.) and assess the effect of conidia application as suspension or dry conidia. the fungicides chlorothalonyl and tebuconazol, the acaricide abamectin, the insecticide trichlorfon, and the herbicide ametrin were applied at the manufacturer-recommended doses. soil samples were placed in glass flasks and were given the ... | 2006 | 18575700 |
| increased pathogenicity against coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei (coleoptera: curculionidae) by metarhizium anisopliae expressing the scorpion toxin (aait) gene. | coffee berry borer (cbb) is the worlds most devastating coffee pest causing an estimated us$500 million worth of losses annually through damage and control costs. beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae have been employed to control this pest but their low virulence (slow kill and large inoculums) is an important factor constraining their use. m. anisopliae (aait-ma549) has been modified to express the scorpion toxin (aait) in insect hemolymph and this greatly increased pathogenicity again ... | 2008 | 18597773 |
| interaction between the subterranean termite reticulitermes flavipes (isoptera: rhinotermitidae) and the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae in foraging arenas. | the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorokin was tested in the laboratory against field-collected groups of eastern subterranean termite, reticulitermes flavipes (kollar) (isoptera: rhinotermitidae), in foraging arenas to determine the potential effect of a "trap and treat" protocol (trapping a part of the population, treating it with a biological control agent and releasing it back into the original population). individual termites were treated with a suspension of m. an ... | 2008 | 18613591 |
| associated links among mtdna glycation, oxidative stress and colony sectorization in metarhizium anisopliae. | mycelial colonies of filamentous fungi often deteriorate when maintained on artificial media, and this can take the form of sterile sectors. we previously established that sectorization by the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae correlates with intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros). in this study we demonstrate that: (1) h(2)o(2) increases rates of sectorization; (2) a stable strain of m. anisopliae eliminates intracellular ros more rapidly than an unstable strai ... | 2008 | 18620072 |
| identification of genes preferentially expressed during microcycle conidiation of metarhizium anisopliae using suppression subtractive hybridization. | microcycle conidiation has been defined as the production of conidia directly by a spore without the intervention of hyphal growth. the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly understood. suppression subtractive hybridization was used here to isolate the genes preferentially expressed during microcycle conidiation vs. in normal conidiation hypha of metarhizium anisopliae cqma102, a common fungal pathogen of locusts. a total of 1600 clones from the subtracted cdna library we ... | 2008 | 18625022 |
| pen studies on the control of cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) with metarhizium anisopliae (sorokin). | three field trials were conducted over 12 months to assess the pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae to parasitic stages of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus on dairy heifers under different environmental conditions. two isolates were selected based on their high optimal growth temperature (30 degrees c), good spore production characteristics and ability to quickly kill adult engorged ticks in the laboratory. spores were formulated in an oil emulsion and applied using a motor driven spray un ... | 2008 | 18639382 |
| effect of temperature on virulence of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae isolates to tetranychus evansi. | the virulence of three isolates of beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill. and 23 isolates of metarhizium anisopliae (metschnik.) sorok. (ascomycota: hypocreales) against the tomato spider mite, tetranychus evansi baker and pritchard (acari: tetranychidae), was assessed in the laboratory. the effect of temperature on germination, radial growth and virulence of selected isolates (two isolates of b. bassiana and nine of m. anisopliae) on t. evansi was also investigated in the laboratory. all the fungal ... | 2008 | 18648993 |
| virulence of hypocreales fungi to pecan aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) in the laboratory. | there is need for efficacious biocontrol agents for aphids in commercial orchards. as a preliminary step to this end we determined the virulence of several hypocreales fungi to pecan aphids. in the first experiment we tested the virulence of isaria fumosorosea (arsef 3581) blastospores to three pecan aphids monellia caryella, melanocallis caryaefoliae, and monelliopsis pecanis under laboratory conditions. rates of 1x10(7) or 1x10(8) spores per ml were applied in 2 ml via a spray tower to 90 mm p ... | 2008 | 18675272 |
| isolation of two locust protein targets of a protein tyrosine phosphatase from metarhizium anisopliae strain cqma102. | in entomopathogenic fungi, secretory protein phosphatases might function in the utilization of phosphoproteins from the environment. but if secreted into the host, secretory protein phosphatases might play a role in pathogenesis by dephosphorylation of host phosphoproteins. our group purified a novel phosphatase from entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae. the substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity indicate that the phosphatase is a protein tyrosine phosphatase (ptpase). in orde ... | 2008 | 18692505 |
| antifungal activity of the termite alkaloid norharmane against the mycelial growth of metarhizium anisopliae and aspergillus nomius. | antifungal activity of norharmane, a beta-carboline alkaloid found in termites (isoptera, rhinotermitidae) was tested against two entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae and aspergillus nomius. it was determined that, at physiological concentration (10 microg ml(-1)), norharmane had no significant effect on a. nomius mycelial growth rate but reduced m. anisopliae growth rate by 11.9%. contrary to previous findings, we suggest that norharmane has a limited role in disease resistance agains ... | 2008 | 18703070 |
| efficacy of culture filtrates of metarhizium anisopliae against larvae of anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. | efficacy of culture filtrates of five strains of metarhizium anisopliae isolated from insects were evaluated against anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. the culture filtrates released from the strains of m. anisopliae in the ypss and chitin broths were filtered and used for the bioassays after a growth of 7 days. among the culture filtrates of five strains, m. anisopliae 892 was found to be more effective against both the mosquitoes. the lc(50) values of culture filtrates of m. aniso ... | 2008 | 18709394 |
| protection of metarhizium anisopliae conidia from ultra-violet radiation and their pathogenicity to rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi ticks. | metarhizium anisopliae conidia were formulated in water or in olive oil containing 3% commercial sunscreens (everysun or e45 sun block 50) and exposed to an artificial uv source for up to 5 hours. survival of conidia after 5 h of exposure to uv in oil formulation was 29% when protected with everysun, 40% when protected with e45, and 4% in control. in comparison, survival of conidia formulated in water was 13% when protected with everysun, 24% when protected with e45, and 0% in control. furthermo ... | 2008 | 18712608 |
| algorithm-based design of synthetic growth media stimulating virulence properties of metarhizium anisopliae conidia. | synthetic media should be designed for the production of metarhizium anisopliae conidia with improved virulence properties. | 2008 | 18713285 |
| formulation and characterization of the microencapsulated entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae ma126. | bioinsecticides are expected to be used for controlling major species of aphids. the present study explored a liquid phase coating technique for the formulation of microencapsulated conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae ma126. various parameters for microencapsulation were investigated. the biopolymers sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (hpmc) and chitosan were tested as coating materials. calcium chloride was used as the cross-linking agent for converting so ... | 2009 | 18720196 |
| characterization of a novel fungal chitosanase csn2 from gongronella sp. jg. | a 28kda chitosanase designated as csn2 was purified from the culture broth of the fungus gongronella sp. jg through three chromatography steps: cm-sepharose ff, superdex 200 and sp-sepharose ff. its optimal reaction ph and temperature were ph 5.6 and between 55 degrees c and 60 degrees c. the half-lives of csn2 at 50 degrees c and 55 degrees c were estimated to be 30min and 11min, respectively. the k(m) value of csn2 in sodium acetate buffer (ph 5.6) at 55 degrees c was 8.86mg/ml. mn(2+), ca(2+) ... | 2008 | 18722595 |
| ultrastructure of tuta absoluta parasitized eggs and the reproductive potential of females after parasitism by metarhizium anisopliae. | among the microorganisms used in biological control, the muscadine fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. is produced and formulated world wide aiming to control pests from several agricultural crops. this work evaluated effects of m. anisopliae isolate ufrpe-6 on the fecundity and mortality of tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) females and the mechanism of infection on eggs. the infection of the females by the fungus did not affect their oviposition and fecundity; however it affec ... | 2009 | 18789707 |
| the tolypocladium inflatum cpa element encodes a recq helicase-like gene. | previously, a repetitive cpa element was discovered in the genome of the filamentous fungus tolypocladium inflatum; however, no further characterization was technically possible at that time. in this study, pcr amplification was used to detect a 4 kb conserved portion of the cpa element that appeared to be present in most, if not all, genomic cpa elements. the amplicons included a large open reading frame that was most similar to a recq helicase-like gene from metarhizium anisopliae. the repetit ... | 2008 | 18792048 |
| insecticidal evaluation of beauveria bassiana engineered to express a scorpion neurotoxin and a cuticle degrading protease. | to improve the insecticidal efficacy of the entomopathogen beauveria bassiana, the fungus was genetically modified with an insect-specific scorpion neurotoxin aait and an insect cuticle degrading protease pr1a from another insect pathogen (metarhizium anisopliae). the wild-type and the transformants were bioassayed against the larvae of masson's pine caterpillar dendrolimus punctatus and the wax moth galleria mellonella. in comparison to the wild-type strain, engineered isolates took fewer spore ... | 2008 | 18800183 |
| intraspecific tolerance of metarhizium anisopliae conidia to the upper thermal limits of summer with a description of a quantitative assay system. | conidial tolerance to the upper thermal limits of summer is important for fungal biocontrol agents, whose conidia are formulated into mycoinsecticides for field application. to develop an efficient assay system, aerial conidia of eight metarhizium anisopliae, four m. anisopliae var. anisopliae, and six m. anisopliae var. acridum isolates with different host and geographic origins were wet-stressed for <or=180 min at 48 degrees c or incubated for 14 d colony growths at 10-35 degrees c. the surviv ... | 2009 | 18804165 |
| evaluating physical and nutritional stress during mycelial growth as inducers of tolerance to heat and uv-b radiation in metarhizium anisopliae conidia. | elevated tolerance to uv-b radiation and heat may be induced in conidia produced on fungi exposed during mycelial growth to sublethal stresses other than heat or uv-b. this is due to a phenomenon referred to as 'cross-protection'. several mechanisms are associated with this increased conidial tolerance, one of which is the accumulation of trehalose and mannitol within conidia. in the present study, conidia of the insect-pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae were produced on my ... | 2008 | 18938068 |
| effects of physical and nutritional stress conditions during mycelial growth on conidial germination speed, adhesion to host cuticle, and virulence of metarhizium anisopliae, an entomopathogenic fungus. | growth under stress may influence pathogen virulence and other phenotypic traits. conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (isolate arsef 2575) were produced under different stress conditions and then examined for influences on in vitro conidial germination speed, adhesion to the insect cuticle, and virulence to an insect host, tenebrio molitor. conidia were produced under non-stress conditions [on potato-dextrose agar plus 1gl(-1) yeast extract (pday; contro ... | 2008 | 18947989 |
| influence of temperature on virulence of fungal isolates of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana to the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae. | twenty-three isolates of metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sokorin and three isolates of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin (ascomycota: hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) were assessed for their virulence against the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae). based on the screening results, nine isolates of m. anisopliae and two isolates of b. bassiana were tested for their virulence against young adult (1- to 2-day-old) female t. urticae at constant temperatur ... | 2009 | 18987988 |
| proteomic analysis of metarhizium anisopliae secretion in the presence of the insect pest callosobruchus maculatus. | crop improvement in agriculture generally focuses on yield, seed quality and nutritional characteristics, as opposed to resistance to biotic stresses. consequently, natural antifeedant toxins are often rare in seed material, with commercial crops being prone to insect pest predation. in the specific case of cowpea (vigna unguiculata), smallholder cropping is affected by insect pests that reproduce inside the stored seeds. entomopathogenic organisms can offer an alternative to conventional pestic ... | 2008 | 19047744 |
| construction and analysis of a normalized cdna library from metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum germinating and differentiating on locusta migratoria wings. | a cdna library construction method was established that allows gene expression of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum to be studied during its growth on locusta migratoria wings. before inoculation, locust wings were treated with an rna fragmentation buffer to degrade host nucleic acid. reverse transcription-pcr analysis of several constitutively expressed locust genes was used to confirm the degradation of locust nucleic acid. a normalized cdna library of m. anisopli ... | 2009 | 19076228 |
| the use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) to metarhizium anisopliae (ascomycota: hypocreales). | experiments were conducted to explore the use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of amblyomma variegatum fabricius (acari: ixodidae) to different formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. (ascomycota: hypocreales). initially, the relative efficacies of attraction-aggregation-attachment pheromone (aaap), made up of o-nitrophenol, methyl salicylate and nonanoic acid in the ratio 2:1:8, 1-octen-3-ol and butyric acid, were evaluated in an olfactomet ... | 2009 | 19091474 |
| fungal formulations to control rhipicephalus sanguineus engorged females. | entomopathogenic fungi are promising alternatives to chemical acaricides in controlling tick populations; however, biological formulations are required to improve conidial performance of these pathogens in the field. this study evaluated the effect of in vitro treatment of rhipicephalus sanguineus with conidial formulations of beauveria bassiana (bb) or metarhizium anisopliae (ma). conidia were formulated (at 10(8) conidia ml(-1)) in (1) emulsifiable concentrate (ec), (2) polymerized cellulose g ... | 2008 | 19120220 |
| performance of metarhizium anisopliae and its combination with deltamethrin against a pyrethroid-resistant strain of boophilus microplus in a stall test. | the use of the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae, to control ticks is a promising alternative to chemical acaricides, but both chemical and biological products could also work together in an integrated management. the current study evaluated the performance of m. anisopliae and its combination with deltamethrin to control a boophilus microplus strain resistant to pyrethroid. calves were held in individual pens and artificially infested with b. microplus. they were treated with an a ... | 2008 | 19120221 |
| virulence of metarhizium anisopliae to eggs and immature stages of stomoxys calcitrans. | stomoxys calcitrans control is primarily based on the use of chemical products; however, new methods for control have been investigated. biological control has been proposed as a promising alternative to traditional chemicals. the current study evaluated three methods in vitro to treat s. calcitrans eggs with the fungus metarhizium anisopliae and assessed the virulence of this fungus to immature stages of this fly. in the first method of egg exposure, eggs were immersed in conidial suspensions a ... | 2008 | 19120256 |
| virulence of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana to ctenocephalides felis felis. | ctenocephalides felis felis is a flea species that parasitizes dogs and cats. the current study verified the in vitro virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana to eggs and adults of c. felis felis. the fungal isolates were cultivated on rice grains in plastic bags. conidial suspensions were then prepared by immersing the grains in tween 80 aqueous solution (0.01%). eggs and adults of c. felis felis were obtained from a laboratory colony. experiments we ... | 2008 | 19120257 |
| protein kinase a regulates production of virulence determinants by the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae. | metarhizium anisopliae is a model system for studying insect fungal pathogenesis. the role of camp signal transduction in virulence was studied by disrupting the class i pka catalytic subunit gene (mapka1). the pka mutant (deltamapka1) showed reduced growth and greatly reduced virulence. pka was dispensable for differentiation of infection structures (appressoria), but differentiation was delayed and the appressoria were defective because of reduced turgor pressure. deltamapka1 germinated at sim ... | 2009 | 19124083 |
| effect of fungal infection on reproductive potential and survival time of tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae). | the effect of fungal infection on the reproductive potential of two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae, was evaluated as part of the full biocontrol potential of three entomopathogenic fungi by modeling of fecundity probability. female mites (<or=2-day-old) on leaves were exposed to the sprays of beauveria bassiana, paecilomyces fumosoroseus and metarhizium anisopliae at the concentrations of 1.13 x 10(3), 1.55 x 10(3) and 0.95 x 10(3) deposited conidia mm(-2) and then individually reared ... | 2009 | 19153812 |
| enhanced ovicidal activity of an oil formulation of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae on the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the effect of humidity on the activity of metarhizium anisopliae ip 46 (metsch.) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) formulated in sunflower oil against aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) eggs was examined. after exposure of eggs at 75% relative humidity (rh) for <or= 25 days, ovicidal activity was not increased by oil-in-water formulated conidia, hyphal bodies or pure-oil formulated conidia, compared with conidia or hyphal bodies prepared in water only. at optimal > 98% rh, eclosion was ... | 2009 | 19309438 |
| real-time quantitative pcr for analysis of candidate fungal biopesticides against malaria: technique validation and first applications. | recent research has indicated that fungal biopesticides could augment existing malaria vector control tools. here we present a set of methodologies to monitor the in vivo kinetics of entomopathogenic fungi in anopheles in the presence or absence of malaria parasites using quantitative real-time pcr. three qpcr assays were successfully developed for counting fungal genomes: "specific" assays capable of distinguishing two well characterized fungal entomopathogens beauveria bassiana isolate imi3915 ... | 2009 | 19320043 |
| destruxin production of metarhizium anisopliae under carbon and nitrogen exhaustion. | destruxins (dtx) a, b, and e, showing a variety of biological activities, are the main toxic secondary metabolites of the entomopathogenous ascomycete metarhizium anisopliae bipesco 5, a widely used biocontrol production strain. dynamics of dtx biosynthesis were monitored during liquid fermentation in a chemically defined medium. during shake flask cultivation with excess carbon, nitrogen and phosphate, approximately 50, 20, and 100 mg l(-1) dtx a, b, and e were produced after 12 d. destruxins w ... | 2009 | 19322833 |
| mass spectrometry as a tool for the selective profiling of destruxins; their first identification in lecanicillium longisporum. | mass spectrometry was applied to the identification of the destruxins (dtxs), cyclic peptides that are commonly produced by the fungal insect-pathogen, metarhizium anisopliae. the aim of the study was to optimise a methodology in order to firstly determine whether these compounds were present in other species and to determine the effect of differing growth conditions upon the dtx content detected. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) was ini ... | 2009 | 19350525 |
| identification of genes that are preferentially expressed in conidiogenous cell development of metarhizium anisopliae by suppression subtractive hybridization. | the insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae is widely used as an insect biocontrol agent. the m. anisopliae conidium plays an important role in pathogenesis and disease transmission. the aim of this study was to identify genes whose expression is up-regulated during conidiogenous cell development. this is a powerful strategy for obtaining insight into the molecular events that regulate conidiation. we isolated genes that are preferentially expressed in the developing conidiophores of the ... | 2009 | 19352680 |
| production of microsclerotia of the fungal entomopathogen metarhizium anisopliae and their potential for use as a biocontrol agent for soil-inhabiting insects. | microsclerotia (ms), overwintering structures produced by many plant pathogenic fungi, have not been described for metarhizium anisopliae. three strains of m. anisopliae--f52, tm109, and ma1200--formed ms in shake flask cultures using media with varying carbon concentrations and carbon-to-nitrogen (c:n) ratios. under the conditions of this study, all strains produced ms, compact hyphal aggregates that become pigmented with culture age, in addition to more typical blastospores and mycelia. while ... | 2009 | 19358886 |
| susceptibility of diabrotica virgifera virgifera (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae when feeding on bacillus thuringiensis cry3bb1-expressing maize. | genetically engineered maize producing the insecticidal protein cry3bb1 from bacillus thuringiensis (bt maize) is protected against corn rootworms (diabrotica spp.), which are serious maize pests in north america and europe. the aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction of bt maize (event mon88017) and the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for controlling the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera. exposure to cry3bb1 expressed in bt maize seedlings ... | 2009 | 19376921 |
| trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 from metarhizium anisopliae: clone, expression and properties of the recombinant. | trehalose, an important component in fungal spores, is a disaccharide which protects against several environmental stresses, such as heat, desiccation, salt. trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (tps1) is a subunit of trehalose synthase complex in fungi; it plays a key role in the biosynthesis of trehalose. in this study, a full-length cdna from metarhizium anisopliae encoding tps1 (designated as matps1) was isolated. the matps1 cdna is composed of 1836 nucleotides encoding a protein of 517 amino ac ... | 2009 | 19393547 |
| comparative genomics using microarrays reveals divergence and loss of virulence-associated genes in host-specific strains of the insect pathogen metarhizium anisopliae. | many strains of metarhizium anisopliae have broad host ranges, but others are specialists and adapted to particular hosts. patterns of gene duplication, divergence, and deletion in three generalist and three specialist strains were investigated by heterologous hybridization of genomic dna to genes from the generalist strain ma2575. as expected, major life processes are highly conserved, presumably due to purifying selection. however, up to 7% of ma2575 genes were highly divergent or absent in sp ... | 2009 | 19395664 |
| adaptive social immunity in leaf-cutting ants. | social insects have evolved a suite of sophisticated defences against parasites. in addition to the individual physiological immune response, social insects also express 'social immunity' consisting of group-level defences and behaviours that include allogrooming. here we investigate whether the social immune response of the leaf-cutting ant acromyrmex echinatior reacts adaptively to the virulent fungal parasite, metarhizium anisopliae. we 'immunized' mini-nests of the ants by exposing them twic ... | 2009 | 19411266 |
| a novel two-stage cultivation method to optimize carbon concentration and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for sporulation of biocontrol fungi. | a two-stage solid cultivation method was used to determine the precise requirements of carbon concentration (1-16 g/l) and c: n ratio (0.625: 1 to 80: 1) for the sporulation of six biocontrol fungi. the c concentration and c: n ratio producing the highest conidia yield were 1 g/l and 5: 1 for paecilomyces lilacinus ipc-p; 2 g/l and 10: 1 for p. lilacinus m-14; 16 g/l and 80: 1 for metarhizium anisopliae sqz-1-21; 4 g/l and 5: 1 for m. anisopliae rs-4-1 and lecanicillium lecanii ca-1-g; and 2 g/l ... | 2009 | 19418252 |
| inhibition of metarhizium anisopliae in the alimentary tract of the eastern subterranean termite reticulitermes flavipes. | reticulitermes flavipes workers were individually inoculated with 10,000conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. after being kept in groups of 20 individuals for 1-6d, histopathological approach showed that most of the inoculated conidia were groomed from the surface of the cuticle by nestmates within 24h, and that a large number of conidia was subsequently found in different parts of the gut of the groomers. our observations showed that, among thousands of conidia found in ... | 2009 | 19426734 |
| relationship between virulence and repellency of entomopathogenic isolates of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana to the termite macrotermes michaelseni. | termites encounter a diverse array of potentially useful and harmful fungi in their subterranean habitats. these vary from symbiotic to harmful species with varying levels of virulence. how these hemiedaphic insects survive in habitats with infective fungi is not well understood. possible mediation of olfactory signals in avoiding contact with entomopathogenic fungi has been explored by a number of workers. in the present study, we initially found that macrotermes michaelseni detected a virulent ... | 2009 | 19442668 |
| cellular encapsulation in the eastern subterranean termite, reticulitermes flavipes (isoptera), against infection by the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | reticulitermes flavipes workers were topically inoculated with approximately 10,000 conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. after being kept in groups of 20 individuals for 1-9 d, histopathological examination showed that termites had an individual immune reaction. the nodule formation at the point of entrance of the fungal hyphae was identified as a cellular encapsulation and the different steps in the nodule formation are described. the relative number of hemocytes per t ... | 2009 | 19463828 |
| spore persistence and likelihood of aeroallergenicity of entomopathogenic fungi used for mosquito control. | entomopathogenic fungi, such as metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana, are being researched as alternatives to chemical adulticides to control mosquito vectors of malaria and dengue. two cited concerns of fungal control include conidial viability and risks fungal entomopathogens pose to human health. we measured spore viability of 10 fungal isolates over 26 weeks and found a range of persistence. three b. bassiana isolates maintained > or = 50% viability 14 weeks after application. no m. ... | 2009 | 19478264 |
| isolation and characterization of endophytic taxol-producing fungi from taxus chinensis. | this study investigated the endophytic fungi diversity of taxus chinensis and screened the taxol-producing fungi in the host. a total of 115 endophytic fungi isolates obtained from bark segments of t. chinensis were grouped into 23 genera based on the morphological traits and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (its1-5.8s-its2), indicating endophytic fungi in t. chinensis are diverse and abundant. diaporthe, phomopsis (anamorph of diaporthe), acremonium, and pezicula were the d ... | 2009 | 19484278 |
| [hemocyte characterization of nasutitermes coxipoensis (holmgren) (isoptera: termitidae) workers and hemocyte evaluation after parasitism by metarhizium anisopliae]. | we aimed to characterize the morphology and ultrastructure of hemocytes of nasutitermes coxipoensis (holmgren) workers and to quantify the cell types 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after inoculation with metarhizium anisopliae. six hemocytes types were identified, plasmatocyte, granulocyte, spherulocyte, prohemocyte, adipohemocyte and eonocytoid hemocytes did not present any morphological alteration at the several observation periods, but they did have a change in their abundance, as observed for spheruloc ... | 2009 | 19488523 |
| pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) to tick eggs and the effect of egg cuticular lipids on conidia development. | the ovicidal efficacy of two entomopathogenic hyphomycetes fungi--metarhizium anisopliae variety acridum (m. an. ac.) driver and milner (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) and metarhizium anisopliae variety anisopliae (m. an. an.) (metschn.) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae)--was evaluated against eggs of three tick species (acari: ixodidae)--hyalomma excavatum (koch), rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus (say), and rhipicephalus sanguineus (latereille)--by placing eggs, laid by surface-sterilize ... | 2009 | 19496424 |
| identification of genes differentially expressed in vivo by metarhizium anisopliae in the hemolymph of locusta migratoria using suppression-subtractive hybridization. | metarhizium anisopliae is an important insect pathogenic fungus widely used in biological pest control. the aim of this study was to identify genes differentially expressed in vivo by m. anisopliae cqma102 in the hemolymph of infected locusta migratoria. suppression-subtractive hybridization was performed using cdna generated from hyphal bodies purified from hemolymph and the fungus germinating and differentiating on locust wings. a total of 350/1,600 random clones screened by cdna array dot blo ... | 2009 | 19506875 |
| differential allergy responses to metarhizium anisopliae fungal component extracts in balb/c mice. | intratracheal aspiration (ia) exposure to metarhizium anisopliae crude antigen (maca), which is composed of equal protein amounts of mycelium (myc), conidia (con) and inducible proteases/chitinases (ind) extracts/filtrates, has resulted in responses characteristic of human allergic asthma in mice. the study objective was to evaluate the potential of each component extract to induce allergic/asthma-like responses observed in this mouse model. balb/c mice received 4 ia exposures to maca, con, myc, ... | 2009 | 19519164 |
| lack of pathogenicity and toxicity of the mycoinsecticide metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum following acute gastric exposure in mice. | metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, monospore culture eh-502/8 (cnrcb mapl40), isolated in mexico from schistocerca piceifrons ssp. piceifrons (orthoptera: acrididae) was tested for acute oral intragastric pathogenicity and toxicity in cd-1 mice. animals were inoculated with one dose (10(8) conidia/animal) of viable (72 mice), non-viable (24 mice) conidia and compared to 18 control mice. clinical observations were done daily; mycological and histological tests were performed during necropsies a ... | 2009 | 19535139 |
| a phosphoketolase mpk1 of bacterial origin is adaptively required for full virulence in the insect-pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | pentose metabolism through the phosphoketolase pathway has been well characterized in bacteria. in this paper, we report the identification of a phosphoketolase homologue mpk1 in the insect-pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. phylogenetic analysis showed that fungal phosphoketolases are of bacterial origin and diverged into two superfamilies. frequent gene loss or lack of acquisition is evident in specific fungal lineages or species. the mpk1 gene is highly expressed when grown in trehalos ... | 2009 | 19538505 |
| an optimized microsatellite marker set for detection of metarhizium anisopliae genotype diversity on field and regional scales. | thirty-three metarhizium anisopliae isolates sampled across switzerland as well as 35 and 36 m. anisopliae isolates sampled from two field sites were assembled in three isolate collections. all isolates were analyzed using 27 newly developed and 14 previously published microsatellite markers. the 41 markers allowed for detection of 25 genotypes in the swiss collection while 30 and 11 genotypes were detected in the two field collections. this indicated high genetic diversity on a regional as well ... | 2009 | 19540917 |
| purification and characterisation of proteins secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae with insecticidal activity against adults of the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephritidae). | the control of the mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) ceratitis capitata (wied) is usually performed with protein bait sprays incorporating chemical insecticides that may have adverse effects on humans, non-target organisms and the environment. in recent years, scientists have sought more environmentally friendly insecticides for medfly control, such as plant- and microorganism-derived compounds. among these compounds, entomopathogenic fungi are an unexplored source of natural insecticides. | 2009 | 19548300 |
| a new non-hydrophobic cell wall protein (cwp10) of metarhizium anisopliae enhances conidial hydrophobicity when expressed in beauveria bassiana. | a cell wall protein, cwp10, resolved from the conidial formic acid extract of a metarhizium anisopliae isolate, was characterized as a new 9.9-kda protein with a 32-aa signal peptide with a central hydrophobic region (ca. 10 residues) at its n-terminus. this protein was proven neither to be hydrophobic nor glycosylated and encoded by a 363-bp, single-copy gene with three introns. cwp10 was existent in the conidial extracts of seven of 18 tested m. anisopliae isolates and much more abundant (immu ... | 2010 | 19557409 |
| probing inhibitory effects of destruxins from metarhizium anisopliae using insect cell based impedance spectroscopy: inhibition vs chemical structure. | a noninvasive technique based on electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ecis) was demonstrated for on-line probing inhibitory effects of five destruxins on spodoptera frugiperda sf9 insect cells. such chemically structurally similar cyclic hexadepsipeptides, were isolated and purified from the fungus metarhizium anisopliae. based on a response function, the inhibitory effect of the destruxins was established from determining the half-inhibition concentration (ecis50), i.e., the level at whic ... | 2009 | 19562214 |
| human serum ige reacts with a metarhizium anisopliae fungal catalase. | previous studies have demonstrated that metarhizium anisopliae extract can induce responses characteristic of human allergic asthma in a mouse model. the study objectives were (1) to identify and characterize the m. anisopliae mycelia extract (myc) proteins that are recognized by mouse serum ige, (2) to determine if human serum ige reacts with these proteins, and (3) to determine if these ige-reactive proteins are found in other fungi. | 2009 | 19571566 |
| expression of a chitinase gene from metarhizium anisopliae in tobacco plants confers resistance against rhizoctonia solani. | the chit1 gene from the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae, encoding the endochitinase chit42, was placed under the control of the camv 35s promoter, and the resulting construct was transferred to tobacco. seventeen kanamycin-resistant transgenic lines were recovered, and the presence of the transgene was confirmed by polymerase chain reactions and southern blot hybridization. the number of chit1 copies was determined to be varying from one to four. copy number had observable effects ... | 2010 | 19593671 |
| the role of antennae in removing entomopathogenic fungi from cuticle of the termite, coptotermes formosanus. | our previous research has shown that the termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki (isoptera: rhinotermitidae), protects itself from entomopathogenic fungi by mutual grooming behavior. the termite removes and discards foreign organisms, such as fungal conidia, from the body surface of its nestmates by mutual grooming behavior. the role of the antennae in detecting the condia was examind here. three entomopathogenic fungi were used, beauveria brongniartii 782 (saccardo) (hypocreales), paecilomyces ... | 2009 | 19611249 |
| a multilocus phylogeny of the metarhizium anisopliae lineage. | metarhizium anisopliae, the type species of the anamorph entomopathogenic genus metarhizium, is currently composed of four varieties, including the type variety, and had been demonstrated to be closely related to m. taii, m. pingshaense and m. guizhouense. in this study we evaluate phylogenetic relationships within the m. anisopliae complex, identify monophyletic lineages and clarify the species taxonomy. to this end we have employed a multigene phylogenetic approach using near-complete sequence ... | 2009 | 19623931 |
| endochitinase chi2 of the biocontrol fungus metarhizium anisopliae affects its virulence toward the cotton stainer bug dysdercus peruvianus. | chitinases have been implicated in fungal cell wall remodeling and play a role in exogenous chitin degradation for nutrition and competition. due to the diversity of these enzymes, assigning particular functions to each chitinase is still ongoing. the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae produces several chitinases, and here, we evaluate whether endochitinase chi2 is involved in the pathogenicity of this fungus. we constructed strains either overexpressing or lacking the chi2 chitinase ... | 2009 | 19649636 |
| characterization of metarhizium species and varieties based on molecular analysis, heat tolerance and cold activity. | the genetic relationships and conidial tolerances to high and low temperatures were determined for isolates of several metarhizium species and varieties. | 2010 | 19664068 |
| expressing a fusion protein with protease and chitinase activities increases the virulence of the insect pathogen beauveria bassiana. | entomopathogenic fungi, such as beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae are being developed as alternatives to chemical insecticides. they infect insects by direct penetration of the cuticle using a combination of physical pressure and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases and chitinases. previously we found that overexpression of a subtilisin-like protease (pr1a) or a chitinase (bbchit1) resulted in increased virulence of m. anisopliae and b. bassiana, respectively. in this s ... | 2009 | 19666027 |
| crowded locusts produce hatchlings vulnerable to fungal attack. | transgenerational effects of parental experience on offspring immunity are well documented in the vertebrate literature (where antibodies play an obligatory role), but have only recently been described in invertebrates. we have assessed the impact of parental rearing density upon offspring disease resistance by challenging day-old locust hatchlings (schistocerca gregaria) from either crowd- or solitary-reared parents with the fungal pathogen metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. when immersed in ... | 2009 | 19675004 |
| pcr-rflp analysis of chitinase genes enables efficient genotyping of metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae. | a new genotyping tool has been developed and evaluated for metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae. the tool is based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of three chitinase genes that are functionally linked to insect-pathogenicity of this fungus. it allowed for discrimination of 14 genotypes among 22 m. anisopliae var. anisopliae strains of a world wide collection. analyses revealed that the approach may also be applicable to other metarhizium varieties. the new tool will ... | 2009 | 19682457 |
| field efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes targeting caged last-instar plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) in michigan cherry and apple orchards. | the plum curculio (conotrachelus nenuphar herbst) is a key pest of pome and stone fruit in eastern north america. we tested the efficacy of five pathogens over the course of three seasons in 10 michigan apple and cherry orchards, with introductions of larvae to caged pots containing pathogen-treated soil. the nematode steinernema riobrave was the most effective pathogen in the 2 yr it was tested, but only in soils with the highest sand content (81-88%) and when it was applied 1 h or 5 d after la ... | 2009 | 19689891 |
| geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase genes in entomopathogenic fungi. | based on comparative amino-acid sequence alignment of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) synthase from filamentous fungi, degenerated oligonucleotide primers were designed for searching ggpp synthase gene(s) in entomopathogenic fungi. polymerase chain reaction with the designed primers amplified ggpp synthase homologues from five representative entomopathogenic fungi: metarhizium anisopliae, beauveria bassiana, verticillium lecanii, paecilomyces farinosus, and nomuraea rileyi. sequence comparison ... | 2010 | 19690851 |
| susceptibility of culicoides biting midge larvae to the insect-pathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae: prospects for bluetongue vector control. | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are responsible for the spread of several arboviruses of livestock and humans that are of international importance. this study assesses the virulence of 18 insect-pathogenic fungal strains from the genera metarhizium, beauveria, isaria and lecanicillium to larval stages of culicoides nubeculous meigen as a means of examining their potential as biocontrol agents. in initial screening, six strains of m. anisopliae (erl700, ca1, v275, lrc181a, ars ... | 2010 | 19703405 |
| directed evolution of a filamentous fungus for thermotolerance. | filamentous fungi are the most widely used eukaryotic biocatalysts in industrial and chemical applications. consequently, there is tremendous interest in methodology that can use the power of genetics to develop strains with improved performance. for example, metarhizium anisopliae is a broad host range entomopathogenic fungus currently under intensive investigation as a biologically based alternative to chemical pesticides. however, it use is limited by the relatively low tolerance of this spec ... | 2009 | 19709419 |
| susceptibility of adult and larval stages of the horn fly, haematobia irritans, to the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae under field conditions. | the efficacy of m. anisopliae strain e9 as a biological insecticide for the adult and larval stages of h. irritans was assessed under field conditions. to assess larvicidal activity, nine heifers were randomly divided into three groups, which were maintained separated from each other. the first group ingested fungal spores encapsulated in alginate pellets. the second group ingested in natura spores that were grown on sterilized rice. in both groups, each animal received three meals a day, with e ... | 2009 | 19713044 |
| a proteomic view into infection of greyback canegrubs (dermolepida albohirtum) by metarhizium anisopliae. | metarhizium anisopliae is a naturally occurring cosmopolitan fungus infecting greyback canegrubs (dermolepida albohirtum). the main molecular factors involved in the complex interactions occurring between the greyback canegrubs and m. anisopliae (fi-1045) were investigated by comparing the proteomes of healthy canegrubs, canegrubs infected with metarhizium and fungus only. differentially expressed proteins from the infected canegrubs were subjected to mass spectrometry to search for pathogenicit ... | 2009 | 19730866 |
| [potential of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana isolates and neem oil to control the aphid lipaphis erysimi (kalt.) (hemiptera: aphididae)]. | this work aimed to determine the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana to control the aphid lipaphis erysimi (kalt.) (hemiptera: aphididae) in kale brassica oleracea var acephala d.c., as well as their compatibility with a neem oil formulation (neemseto). ten isolates of both fungi were tested and the most pathogenic ones were b. bassiana cg001 and m. anisopliae cg30 with 90% and 4.4 days, and 64% and 3.8 days of mortality and median lethal time, ... | 2009 | 19768273 |
| differential immunoproteomics enables identification of metarhizium anisopliae proteins related to rhipicephalus microplus infection. | differential immunoproteomics was applied to identify proteins secreted by metarhizium anisopliae induced by the rhipicephalus microplus cuticle. in addition, igg anti-spore surface proteins were used for searching for proteins possibly involved in early stages of fungus versus tick infection. lc-ms/ms of differentially secreted proteins led to the identification of proteases (carboxypeptidase and pr1a), chitinase, carboxylic acid transport and proline-rich protein. differential immunoproteomics ... | 2009 | 19800970 |
| fungal infection counters insecticide resistance in african malaria mosquitoes. | the evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is threatening the effectiveness and sustainability of malaria control programs in various parts of the world. through their unique mode of action, entomopathogenic fungi provide promising alternatives to chemical control. however, potential interactions between fungal infection and insecticide resistance, such as cross-resistance, have not been investigated. we show that insecticide-resistant anopheles mosquitoes remain susceptible to infect ... | 2009 | 19805146 |
| [synergistic action of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes and the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis ssp. morrisoni in the infection of colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata]. | a synchronous coinfection of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say) with the entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis ssp. morrisoni bonnifoi & de barjak var. tenebrionis krieg et al. and hyphomycete metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorokin or beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill leads to the rapid death of 95-100% of larvae. the bacteria arrest the nutrition of insects, while the fungal spores kill the weakened larvae. the synergistic effect of two pathogens is recorded ... | 2009 | 19845290 |