| tolaasins a--e, five new lipodepsipeptides produced by pseudomonas tolaasii. | pseudomonas tolaasii, the causal organism of brown blotch disease of agaricus bisporus and of the yellowing of pleurotus ostreatus, was shown to produce in culture tolaasin i (1), tolaasin ii (2), and five other minor metabolites, tolaasins a, b, c, d, and e (3-7). these compounds were demonstrated to be important in the development of the disease symptoms. this paper reports on the structural elucidation, based essentially on nmr studies and ms spectra, and biological activity of the above lipo ... | 2004 | 15165142 |
| properties of a hydrophobin isolated from the mycoparasitic fungus verticillium fungicola. | verticillium fungicola, isolated from agaricus bisporus (commercial mushroom), produced significant extracellular hydrophobin when grown for 7 days in a static liquid culture of synthetic minimal medium. the hydrophobin was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate (80% saturation), sephadex g-100 gel filtration, and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. the purified protein yielded a single band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native conditions, with an apparent molecular mas ... | 2002 | 12556130 |
| purification and characterization of an acid phosphatase from the commercial mushroom agaricus bisporus. | acid phosphatase [ap; ec 3.1.3.2], a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of mannitol in agaricus bisporus, was purified to homogeneity and characterized. the native enzyme appeared to be a high molecular weight type glycoprotein. it has a molecular weight of 145 kda and consists of four identical 39-kda subunits. the isoelectric point of the enzyme was found at 4.7. maximum activity occurred at 65 degrees c. the optimum ph range was between 3.5 and 5.5, with maximum activity at ph 4.75. the enz ... | 2000 | 15188886 |
| gene expression of immunomodulatory cytokines induced by narcissus tazetta lectin in the mouse. | the immunomodulation of narcissus tazetta lectin (ntl) on the induction of gene expression of cytokines in the mouse was studied using specific cytokine primers, total rna isolated from mouse splenocytes and macrophages, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). for comparison, a fungal antimitogenic lectin from agaricus bisporus (abl) was used to test and compare the acute (kinetic) induction of cytokine gene expression. ntl was able to induce the expression of il-1beta, tnf ... | 2002 | 11989721 |
| verticillium fungicola var. fungicola affects agaricus bisporus cultivation in mexico. | verticillium fungicola is responsible for dry bubble disease of the button mushroom agaricus bisporus. investigations performed in 2001 showed that mushroom cultures were affected by v. fungicola var. aleophilum in north american farms whereas they were affected by v. fungicola var. fungicola in european farms. the latter variety was not found in north america. studies carried out on verticillium isolates collected in mexico in 2002 revealed that they belong to the variety fungicola. the hypothe ... | 2004 | 15251196 |
| hydrogen peroxide concentrations detected in agaricus bisporus sporocarps and relation with their susceptibility to the pathogen verticillium fungicola. | a dry bubble is an undifferentiated structure that forms in place of mushrooms when cultures of agaricus bisporus are contaminated by verticillium fungicola. hydrogen peroxide concentrations were measured in lyophilised samples of bubbles and healthy sporocarps from cultures of genetically related strains of a. bisporus. the strains the more resistant to the pathogen had the higher levels of h2o2 concentration measured in the bubbles, but the differences in the healthy sporocarps were not signif ... | 2004 | 15321678 |
| edible mushroom (agaricus bisporus) lectin modulates human retinal pigment epithelial cell behaviour in vitro. | the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) plays a major role in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (pvr). in particular, rpe cells are implicated in generating the contraction forces seen. the present study was undertaken to investigate whether human rpe binds a lectin from the common edible mushroom, agaricus bisporus, and to evaluate the effect of any binding on rpe-mediated matrix contraction in an in vitro model of pvr. fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labelled agaricus bisporus ... | 2003 | 12565809 |
| using tea waste as a new casing material in mushroom (agaricus bisporus (l.) sing.) cultivation. | in this study, the possibility of using tea production waste as a new casing material in mushroom (agaricus bisporus) cultivation was investigated. some physical and chemical characteristics of tea waste, fermented tea waste and a mixture of tea waste with peat were compared with that of peat casing, as were their effects on yield. the highest yield was obtained from peat casing. using tea production waste alone as a casing was not acceptable for assured yield when it was compared with peat. but ... | 2003 | 12576009 |
| anaphylaxis to excipient mannitol: evidence for an immunoglobulin e-mediated mechanism. | anaphylaxis to mannitol present naturally in pomegranate and cultivated mushroom in a sensitized subject has been described recently, and an ige-mediated mechanism to this sugar alcohol has been proposed. the same subject also experienced severe allergic reactions to a chewable pharmaceutical (cisapride drug). | 2004 | 15479277 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the antitumor clavaric acid-producing basidiomycete hypholoma sublateritium. | the basidiomycete hypholoma sublateritium produces clavaric acid, an antitumor isoprenoid compound. arthrospores of this fungus were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated conjugation. five plasmids carrying different regulatory sequences to drive expression of the hph (hygromycin phosphotransferase) gene were tested. the promoter used was critically important in order to express heterologous genes in h. sublateritium. constructions carrying the agaricus bisporus glyceraldehyde-3-phos ... | 2004 | 15480676 |
| lignin degradation by agaricus bisporus accounts for a 30% increase in bioavailable holocellulose during cultivation on compost. | the common mushroom agaricus bisporus is a non-white rot saphrophytic fungus that can degrade lignin to free and utilize holocellulose embedded in fermented straw as present in compost. a new method is described to estimate the actual amount of bioavailable holocellulose in 3.8 kg compost cultures spawned with a. bisporus horst u1 prior to and during a cultivation with two cycles of mushroom harvesting. the method shows that the initial amount of bioavailable holocellulose per culture, accountin ... | 2003 | 12670164 |
| cloning, expression and characterisation of two tyrosinase cdnas from agaricus bisporus. | using primers designed on the basis of sequence homologies in the copper-binding domains for a number of plant and fungal tyrosinases, two tyrosinase encoding cdnas were cloned from an agaricus bisporus u1 cdna-library. the sequences abppo1 and abppo2 were, respectively, 1.9 and 1.8 kb in size and encoded proteins of approximately 64 kda. the cdnas represent different loci. both abppo1 and abppo2 occur as single copies on the genomes of the u1 parental strains h39 and h97. the genomic size of ab ... | 2003 | 12743763 |
| [phytopathogenic bacteria in agaricus bisporus culture]. | literature sources have been surveyed concerning the two-spore white button mushroom (agaricus bisporus) affected by phytopathogenic bacteria. yield losses and decrease of fruit body quality caused by bacterial spots and rot under the conditions of industrial cultivation have been estimated. it has been established that the button mushroom affection at the second fruiting break can reach 55% that causes the yield shortage of more than 5 kg from 1 m2 and financial losses of 1000 euro for each gro ... | 2004 | 15554302 |
| double-stranded rna elements associated with the mvx disease of agaricus bisporus. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) has been isolated from agaricus bisporus fruit bodies exhibiting a wide range of disease symptoms. the symptoms which occurred singularly or in combination included; bare cropping areas on commercial beds (primordia disruption), crop delay, premature veil opening, off- or brown-coloured mushrooms, sporophore malformations and loss of crop yield. all symptoms were associated with loss of yield and/or product quality. collectively, these symptoms are described as mushro ... | 2003 | 12747325 |
| isolation of a novel n-acetylglucosamine-specific lectin from fresh sclerotia of the edible mushroom pleurotus tuber-regium. | an n-acetylglucosamine-binding lectin with a molecular mass of 32kda was isolated from fresh sclerotia of the edible mushroom pleurotus tuber-regium. its n-terminal sequence exhibited some similarity to that of agaricus bisporus lectin. the isolation procedure was simple, involving (nh(4))(2)so(4) precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on n-acetyl-d-glucosamine-agarose, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on superdex 75. the lec ... | 2003 | 12767804 |
| efficient isolation of genes differentially expressed on cellulose by suppression subtractive hybridization in agaricus bisporus. | the production of cellulases on minimal medium in the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus is regulated by the carbon source: induced by cellulose and repressed by glucose. in order to isolate cellulose-growth specific sequences, a cdna library from a. bisporus using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was constructed. northern blot analysis indicated that a high level of enrichment was achieved; 183 clones were isolated. a preliminary screen with cellulose-specific genes of a. bisporus (ce ... | 2003 | 12825511 |
| the ornithine cycle enzyme arginase from agaricus bisporus and its role in urea accumulation in fruit bodies. | an extensive survey of higher fungi revealed that members of the family agaricaceae, including agaricus bisporus, accumulate substantial amounts of urea in their fruit bodies. an important role of the ornithine cycle enzymes in urea accumulation has been proposed. in this work, we present the cloning and sequencing of the arginase gene and its promoter region from a. bisporus. a pcr-probe based on fungal arginase was used to identify the a. bisporus arginase gene from a cdna library. the arginas ... | 2004 | 15627502 |
| antibacterial activity of cuminum cyminum l. and carum carvi l. essential oils. | essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from fruits of cuminum cyminum l. and carum carvi l. were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gc-mass spectrometry (ms). the main components of c. cyminum oil were p-mentha-1,4-dien-7-al, cumin aldehyde, gamma-terpinene, and beta-pinene, while those of the c. carvi oil were carvone, limonene, germacrene d, and trans-dihydrocarvone. antibacterial activity, determined with the agar diffusion method, was observed against gram-positive and gram-negat ... | 2005 | 15631509 |
| verticillium disease or "dry bubble" of cultivated mushrooms: the agaricus bisporus lectin recognizes and binds the verticillium fungicola cell wall glucogalactomannan. | the step of recognition and (or) binding for the development of the disease of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus by the mycoparasite verticillium fungicola was studied by several approaches: agglutination of v. fungicola germinated spores by an a. bisporus extract from fruit body cell walls, immunofluorescence microscopy of a. bisporus hyphae from fruit bodies and vegetative mycelia pretreated with purified v. fungicola cell wall glucogalactomannan, and finally, by hemagglutination exper ... | 2004 | 15644927 |
| comparative effect of the fungicide prochloraz-mn on agaricus bisporus vegetative-mycelium and fruit-body cell walls. | fungicides to control mycopathogens of commercial agaricus bisporus, a mushroom cultivated for human consumption, are a major field of study, since these chemicals are toxic to both the host and its fungal parasites. the fungicide prochloraz-mn, used at its ld50 for a. bisporus, partially inhibited protein biosynthesis in the vegetative mycelial cell walls of this mushroom and caused significant changes in cell-wall polysaccharide structure, as deduced by methylation analysis and gas liquid chro ... | 2004 | 15666248 |
| edible mushroom (agaricus bisporus) lectin inhibits human retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation in vitro. | the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) plays a major role in the development of the anomalous retinal scarring response termed proliferative vitreoretinopathy. the present study was undertaken to investigate whether agaricus bisporus lectin inhibited human rpe proliferation in vitro. fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled agaricus bisporus lectin was used to study binding of lectin to cultured human rpe. the effect of a 24-hour exposure of agaricus bisporus lectin on rpe proliferation was measured usi ... | 2003 | 12846916 |
| apoptosis induction by lectin isolated from the mushroom boletopsis leucomelas in u937 cells. | a 15-kda lectin was isolated from the edible mushroom kurokawa by affinity chromatography using n,n'-diacetylchitobiose-sepharose 4b. the results of microsequencing analysis indicated that the lectin has a partial amino acid sequence similar to the mushroom lectin, agaricus bisporus agglutinin (aba). we found that the kurokawa lectin inhibited proliferation of human monoblastic leukemia u937 cells dose-dependently. several lines of evidence indicated that this inhibition was due to its apoptosis ... | 2002 | 12036051 |
| agrobacterium- tumefaciens-mediated transformation of helminthosporium turcicum, the maize leaf-blight fungus. | agrobacterium tumefaciens has the ability to transfer its t-dna to plants, yeast, filamentous fungi, and human cells and integrate it into their genome. conidia of the maize pathogen helminthosporium turcicum were transformed to hygromycin b resistance by a agrobacterium- tumefaciens-mediated transformation system using a binary plasmid vector containing the hygromycin b phosphotransferase ( hph) and the enhanced green fluorescent protein ( egfp) genes controlled by the gpd promoter from agaricu ... | 2003 | 12898134 |
| a left-handed alpha-helix containing both l- and d-amino acids: the solution structure of the antimicrobial lipodepsipeptide tolaasin. | the 18-amino acid cytolytic lipodepsipeptide tolaasin, produced in culture by virulent strains of pseudomonas tolaasii, is the causal agent of the brown blotch disease of the cultivated mushroom. tolaasin has a sequence of d-amino acids in its n-terminal region, then alternates l- and d-amino acids, and bears a c-terminal lactone macrocycle composed of 5-residues. the solution structure of tolaasin in sodium dodecyl sulfate was studied by 2d-nmr spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulated anne ... | 2003 | 12910453 |
| isolation of genes specifically expressed in the fruit body of the edible basidiomycete lentinula edodes. | in order to isolate the genes expressed specifically and abundantly in the mature fruit body of lentinula edodes, the cdnas derived from the gill of the fruit body were compared with the cdnas from the mycelia by differential screening. consequently, six clones were identified as fruit-body-specific genes (fbg03, 08, 13, 14, 16, and 21). the deduced amino acid sequence of fbg14 (le.cypfb) had significant homology with the cytochrome p450 protein. the transcriptional level of fbg16, which showed ... | 2004 | 14981320 |
| mitogenic activity of edible mushroom lectins. | a special group of lectins were isolated from three popular asian edible mushrooms: volvariella volvacea, pleurotus flabellatus and hericium erinacium, and their mitogenic activities towards mouse t cells were compared to the extensively investigated agaricus bisporus lectin (abl) and the jack bean lectin, concanavalin a (con a). among the four mushroom lectins tested, v. volvacea lectin (vvl) exhibited strong mitogenic activity as demonstrated by 3h-thymidine incorporation, which was at least 1 ... | 2004 | 15026140 |
| identification of pythium oligandrum using species-specific its rdna pcr oligonucleotides. | pythium oligandrum is a parasite of cultivated agaricus bisporus. infection results in significant yield reductions and a disease referred to as 'black compost'. in this study, p. oligandrum isolates were isolated from new zealand mushroom composts, and their ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer (its) regions were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). its nucleotide sequences obtained from new zealand p. oligandrum isolates were compared with those previously identified p. ol ... | 2003 | 12967205 |
| irreversibly inhibitory kinetics of 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl decanoate on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) tyrosinase. | 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl decanoate (dpd) is found to inhibit the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase from mushroom (agaricus bisporus). the effects of dpd on the diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase have been studied. the results show that the enzyme activity decreases very slowly with an increase in dpd concentrations at lower concentrations of dpd (between 5 and 60 microm). but at higher concentrations of dpd, dpd can strongly inhibit the diphenolase activity of the enzyme and the inhibition ... | 2005 | 16039860 |
| differential expression of a putative riboflavin-aldehyde-forming enzyme (raf) gene during development and post-harvest storage and in different tissue of the sporophore in agaricus bisporus. | cloning and characterisation of a putative riboflavin-aldehyde-forming enzyme gene (raf) from the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus and its expression during morphogenesis are described. three cdna clones were isolated following differential screening of cdna libraries from rapidly expanding sporophores and post-harvest stored sporophores. the cdna sequence and predicted translation analysis revealed an open reading frame (orf) of 348 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 115 amino acids, wi ... | 2006 | 16059685 |
| [some quantitative data on the stable organic acids of the cultivated mushroom (agaricus campestris)]. | | 1961 | 13759879 |
| mushroom cryopreservation and its effect on survival, yield and genetic stability. | mycelial stock cultures of agaricus bisporus, a. bitorquis, pleurotus flabellatus, p. sajor-caju, p. ostreatus, p. sapidus, auricularia polytricha, lentinula edodes, morchella esculenta and volvariella volvacea were maintained by frequent subculturing at an interval of two months and separately as wheat grain spawn in liquid nitrogen with 15 percent glycerol. preservation of mushroom stock cultures as wheat grain spawn under liquid nitrogen proved to be the better method of maintenance. the perc ... | 2004 | 15031742 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray study of the common edible mushroom (agaricus bisporus) lectin. | the lectin from the common edible mushroom agaricus bisporus (abl) belongs to the group of proteins that have the property of binding the thomsen-friedenreich antigen (t-antigen) selectively and with high affinity, but does not show any sequence similarity to the other proteins that share this property. the abl sequence is instead similar to those of members of the saline-soluble fungal lectins, a protein family with pesticidal properties. the presence of different isoforms has been reported. it ... | 2004 | 15039564 |
| inhibitory effects of hexylresorcinol and dodecylresorcinol on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) tyrosinase. | the effects of hexylresorcinol and dodecylresorcinol on the monophenolase and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase have been studied. the results show that hexylresorcinol and dodecylresorcinol can inhibit both monophenolase and diphenolase activity of the enzyme. the lag period of the enzyme was obviously lengthened, and the steady-state activity of the enzyme decreased sharply. two microm of hexylresorcinol and dodecylresorcinol can lengthen the lag period from 98 s to 260 and 275 s, re ... | 2004 | 15106879 |
| expression of laccase gene lcc1 in coprinopsis cinerea under control of various basidiomycetous promoters. | coprinopsis cinerea laccase gene lcc1 was expressed in this basidiomycete under naturally non-inductive conditions using various homologous and heterologous promoters. laccase expression was achieved in solid and liquid media with promoter sequences from the c. cinerea tub1 gene, the agaricus bisporus gpdii gene, the lentinus edodes pria gene and the schizophyllum commune sc3 gene. as measured by enzyme activity in liquid cultures, a 277-bp gpdii promoter fragment, followed by a 423-bp pria frag ... | 2006 | 16158283 |
| a protocol for quantifying the birth, death and emigration rates of produce-associated bacteria, illustrated by its application to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium on cultivated mushrooms. | colony counts, counts of immunostained cells, fluorescent assays for cell viability and titration of a superinfecting bacteriophage were incorporated into a protocol for studying the growth kinetics of produce-associated bacteria in vivo. a set of equations was assembled for measuring the true rates of birth, death and emigration of the bacteria within the frame of a "transit growth" model, thus allowing the independent measurement of the carrying capacity of the substrate and of the overall pro ... | 2004 | 15177905 |
| inactivation kinetics of mushroom tyrosinase by cetylpyridinium chloride. | cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) was found to inactivate tyrosinase from mushroom (agaricus bisporus). cpc can bind to the enzyme molecule and induce the enzyme conformation changes. the fluorescence intensity (at 338.4 nm) of the enzyme decreased distinctly with increasing cpc concentrations, and a new little fluorescence emission peak appeared near 372 nm. the inactivation of the enzyme by cpc had first been studied by using the kinetic method of the substrate reaction described by tsou. the res ... | 2003 | 14690251 |
| effect of irradiation, asbestos and chemical cocarcinogens on incidence of sarcoma on implants. | an implant can act as a physical carcinogen. chemicals applied to its surface can augment that. to explore if cocarcinogenesis would affect the incidence of tumour on implants, we tested several physical (asbestos, beta irradiation) and chemical (acridine orange, phorbol methyl ester, cigarette smoke tar, extract of agaricus bisporus mushroom) carcinogens on 25 mm diameter nitrocellulose filters implanted in groups of balb/c mice in 9 experiments. saline was applied in 287 concurrent controls. i ... | 2004 | 15328450 |
| secondary structure and molecular evolution of the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal rna in agaricales (euagarics clade, homobasidiomycota). | the complete sequences and secondary structures of the mitochondrial small subunit (ssu) ribosomal rnas of both mostly cultivated mushrooms agaricus bisporus (1930 nt) and lentinula edodes (2164 nt) were achieved. these secondary structures and that of schizophyllum commune (1872 nt) were compared to that previously established for agrocybe aegerita. the four structures are near the model established for archae, bacteria, plastids, and mitochondria; particularly the helices 23 and 37, described ... | 2003 | 14708572 |
| occupational asthma caused by white mushroom. | the commercial growing of white mushroom (agaricus bisporus) is a frequent activity in certain spain regions as la rioja. we report two cases of white mushroom workers suffering from asthma caused by hypersensitivity to basidiocarp and spores of white mushroom. | 2005 | 16261960 |
| [dna quantification in nuclei of cultivated mushroom with dapi staining]. | agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach is actively cultivated amphithallic basidiomycete, in which various strains are primary homothallic, heterothallic or secondary homothallic. countings of relative nuclear dna content by means of dapi stain and its comparison in different strains can help to understand the mushroom's life cycle features. the authors for the first time observed change of nuclear phases in basidia of a. bisporus strains with different types of life cycle and revealed that dna conten ... | 2004 | 15346797 |
| evaluation of a new biosensor-based mushroom (agaricus bisporus) tissue homogenate: investigation of certain phenolic compounds and some inhibitor effects. | a biosensor based on mushroom tissue homogenate for detecting some phenolic compounds (pcs) and usage of the biosensor for quantifying certain substances that inhibit the polyphenol oxidase activity in mushroom (agaricus bisporus) tissue homogenate is described. the mushroom tissue homogenate was immobilized to the top of a clark-type oxygen electrode with gelatin and glutaraldehyde. optimization of the experimental parameters was done by buffer system, ph, buffer concentration, and temperature. ... | 2004 | 15494244 |
| visible and near-infrared calibrations for quality assessment of fresh phase i and ii mushroom (agaricus bisporus) compost. | previous studies have shown that visible and near-infrared spectra (vis-nir) of dry and milled compost can be used for generating partial least squares (pls) calibrations of phase ii compost parameters including ammonia, nitrogen dry matter (ndm), dry matter (dm), ph, conductivity, carbon, microbial population, and potential productivity. the objective of this study was to develop robust calibrations for some of the key parameters from the spectra of fresh phase i and ii composts. samples of sub ... | 2005 | 16316519 |
| biological control of olive green mold in agaricus bisporus cultivation. | successful methods to control the damaging weed mold chaetomium olivaceum (olive green mold) in mushroom beds are not presently known. an attempt was made to control c. olivaceum by biological means. a thermophilic bacillus sp. which showed dramatic activity against c. olivaceum on trypticase soy agar (bbl microbiology systems)-0.4% yeast extract agar plates was isolated from commercial mushroom compost (phase i). when inoculated into conventional and hydroponic mushroom beds, the bacillus not o ... | 1983 | 16346199 |
| inhibitory effect of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde and 4-cyanobenzoic acid on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) tyrosinase. | mushroom tyrosinase (ec 1.14.18.1), a copper containing oxidase, catalyzes both the hydroxylation of tyrosine into o-diphenols and the oxidation of o-diphenols into o-quinones. in the current study, the effects of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde and 4-cyanobenzoic acid on the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of mushroom tyrosinase have been studied. the results show that 4-cyanobenzaldehyde and 4-cyanobenzoic acid can inhibit both the monophenolase activity and the diphenolase activity of mushroom t ... | 2003 | 14714727 |
| non-helical type iv collagen polypeptides in human placenta. | our previous reports showed that cultured human cells secrete non-disulfide-bonded non-helical alpha1(iv) and alpha2(iv) chains under physiological conditions. in the present report we show that the alpha(iv) chains in non-helical form were reactive to lectin aba (agaricus bisporus agglutinin), whereas the alpha(iv) chains secreted in triple-helical form were not. these results indicate that aba could be used to distinguish the two conformational isomers of type iv collagen polypeptides. an alph ... | 2004 | 14715239 |
| scanning electron microscope studies of interactions between agaricus bisporus (lang) sing hyphae and bacteria in casing soil. | relationships between the hyphae of agaricus bisporus (lang) sing and bacteria from the mushroom bed casing layer were examined with a scanning electron microscope. hyphae growing in the casing layer differed morphologically from compost-grown hyphae. whereas the compost contained thin single hyphae surrounded by calcium oxalate crystals, the casing layer contained mainly wide hyphae or mycelial strands without crystals. the bacterial population in the hyphal environment consisted of several typ ... | 1987 | 16347340 |
| mushroom host influence on lycoriella mali (diptera: sciaridae) life cycle. | lycoriella mali fitch (diptera: sciaridae) infests mushroom crops early in the crop cycle. recent observations in mushroom houses indicated a difference in emergence time and size of adult l. mali developing on various strains of commercial mushrooms. samples of adult flies from isolated mushroom houses growing portabella mushrooms were significantly heavier then those from oyster mushroom houses, whereas flies from shiitake mushroom houses were lightest in weight. flies collected from isolated ... | 2005 | 15889722 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the mushrooms agaricus brunnescens and agaricus bitorquis. | [this corrects the article on p. 817 in vol. 53.]. | 1988 | 16347704 |
| biomass and biological activity during the production of compost used as a substrate in mushroom cultivation. | the production of a suitable substrate for the cultivation of the common white button mushroom, agaricus bisporus, is referred to as composting. high microbiological activity causes temperatures of the composting material to rise as high as 80 degrees c. at stacking, an optimal oxygen consumption rate of 140 mumol of o(2) h g (dry weight) was found in the compost at 50 degrees c, whereas the oxygen consumption rate of the end product was lower at all temperatures tested. no significant differenc ... | 1990 | 16348310 |
| [intratetrad mating and its genetic and evolutionary consequences]. | genetic characteristics of intratetrad mating, i.e., fusion of haploid products of one meiotic division, are considered. upon intratetrad mating, the probability of homozygotization is lower than that upon self-fertilization, while heterozygosity at genes linked to the mating-type locus, which determines the possibility of cell fusion, is preserved. if the mating-type locus is linked to the centromere, the genome regions adjoining the centromeres of all chromosomes remain heterozygous. intratetr ... | 2005 | 15909911 |
| characteristics of a hydrated, alginate-based delivery system for cultivation of the button mushroom. | the production of the button mushroom agaricus bisporus with mycelium-colonized alginate pellets as an inoculant of the growing medium was investigated. pellets having an irregular surface and porous internal structure were prepared by complexing a mixture of 1% sodium alginate, 2 to 6% vermiculite, 2% hygramer, and various concentrations of nutrisoy (soy protein) with calcium chloride. the porous structure allowed the pellets to be formed septically and then inoculated and colonized with the fu ... | 1992 | 16348774 |
| investigation of mitochondrial transmission in selected matings between homokaryons from commercial and wild-collected isolates of agaricus bisporus (= agaricus brunnescens). | ten heterokaryons of agaricus bisporus (= agaricus brunnescens) were shown to carry four different mitochondrial (mt) genotypes by analysis of mt restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps). fifteen homokaryons derived from these strains were used to investigate mt inheritance in a. bisporus. one hundred eighty-nine pairings were performed in 25 different combinations. pairings in 15 different combinations produced heterokaryons on the basis of nuclear rflp analyses and/or fruiting trials. ... | 1992 | 16348802 |
| manganese and other micronutrient additions to improve yield of agaricus bisporus. | previous experiments have demonstrated that significant increases in yield of agaricus bisporus mushrooms were achieved by adding a micronutrient rich fertilizer, micromax, to the compost. this study was performed to determine the mineral(s) that are responsible for this yield improvement. an initial experiment determined that manganese was the mineral of primary importance; addition of 184 mg kg-1 mn increased yield by 10.8%, compared to the control. subsequent experiments demonstrated that the ... | 2006 | 15994077 |
| molecular dynamics and free energy calculations of the b and z forms of c8-arylguanine modified oligonucleotides. | arylhydrazines found in the mushroom agaricus bisporus have been shown to be carcinogenic. upon metabolic activation, arylhydrazines are transformed into aryl radicals, forming 8-arylpurines, which may play a role in arylhydrazine carcinogenesis. these adducts are poorly read and inhibit chain extension but do alter the conformational preferences of oligonucleotides. we have shown that c8-phenylguanine modification of d(cgcgcg*cgcg) (g*= 8-phenylguanine) stabilizes it in the z-dna conformation ( ... | 2005 | 16060694 |
| lignin-degrading enzymes of the commercial button mushroom, agaricus bisporus. | agaricus bisporus, grown under standard composting conditions, was evaluated for its ability to produce lignin-degrading peroxidases, which have been shown to have an integral role in lignin degradation by wood-rotting fungi. the activity of manganese peroxidase was monitored throughout the production cycle of the fungus, from the time of colonization of the compost through the development of fruit bodies. characterization of the enzyme was done with a crude compost extract. manganese peroxidase ... | 1994 | 16349223 |
| prediction of potential mushroom yield by visible and near-infrared spectroscopy using fresh phase ii compost. | potential mushroom (agaricus bisporus) yield of phase ii compost is determined by interactions of key quality parameters including dry matter, nitrogen dry matter, ammonia, ph, conductivity, thermophilic microorganisms, c : n ratio, fiber fractions, ash, and certain minerals. this study was aimed at generating robust visible and near-infrared (vis-nir) calibrations for predicting potential yield, using spectra from fresh phase ii compost. four compost comparative trials were carried out during t ... | 2005 | 16105216 |
| inheritance of strain instability (sectoring) in the commercial button mushroom, agaricus bisporus. | the button mushroom, agaricus bisporus, is a commercially important cultivated filamentous fungus. during the last decade, the button mushroom industry has depended mainly on two strains (or derivatives of these two strains). using one of these highly successful strains (strain u1) we examined the phenomenon of strain instability, specifically, the production of irreversible sectors. three "stromatal" and three "fluffy" sectors were compared with a healthy type u1 strain and with a wild-collecte ... | 1994 | 16349322 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the ectomycorrhizal symbiont laccaria bicolor s238n. | the development of an efficient transformation system is required to alter the expression of symbiosis-regulated genes and to develop insertional mutagenesis in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete laccaria bicolor s238n. vegetative mycelium of this fungus was transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. the selection marker was the hygromycin resistance gene of escherichia coli (hph) under the control of the gpd promoter from agaricus bisporus and the camv 35s terminator as par ... | 2005 | 16133248 |
| subcellular distribution of aluminum, bismuth, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and lead in cultivated mushrooms (agaricus bisporus and pleurotus ostreatus). | in this work, the distribution of nine metals in two types of cultivated mushroom had been investigated. for agaricus bisporus, the biomass was separated into caps and stalks, and for pleurotus ostreatus, the entire mushrooms were taken for analysis. electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was used for total element determination in acid digests. for accuracy checking, the certified reference material (nist 1,571, citrus leaves) was analyzed. the results obtained for the two fungi species ... | 2005 | 16141474 |
| production of oxalic acid by a strain of agaricus campestris. | a strain of the common mushroom agaricus campestris was grown on a mixture of composted sawdust and caco(3). on incubation for 47 days, the organism produced 20.5 g of oxalic acid per 100 g of initial dry compost solids. | 1963 | 16349635 |
| irradiation of composts used in the propagation of agaricus bisporus. | unpasteurized horse manure composts were given radiation doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mrad in an attempt to increase mushroom yields by eliminating competing microorganisms. yields were enhanced by 0.1 mrad but were lower than those obtained with heat-pasteurized composts. composts subjected to 1.0 mrad gave the lowest yields, probably because of the generation of ammonia and other toxic compounds. only temporary changes in the predominant microflora could be detected as a result of ionizing radiations. | 1967 | 16349717 |
| stimulation of yield in the cultivated mushroom by vegetable oils. | supplementation of mushroom compost at spawning and at casing with various refined and crude seed oils resulted in 1 to 1.5 lb/ft increases in mushroom yield. supplementation at casing with ground seeds or protein-oil combinations caused 2 to 2.5 lb/ft increases in mushroom yield. further evidence is presented for a relationship between lipid metabolism and the initiation of fruiting in the cultivated mushroom, agaricus bisporus (lange) sing. preliminary results suggest the possible involvement ... | 1967 | 16349718 |
| compatibility of ammonia suppressants used in poultry litter with mushroom compost preparation and production. | ammonia suppressants are applied to chicken litter to decrease ammonia levels. and mushroom (agaricus bisporus) producers use poultry litter to increase the nitrogen in the compost. to determine the influence of ammonia suppressants used in poultry litter on compost preparation and mushroom production, four mushroom crops were cultivated from compost prepared using litter treated with plt, barn fresh and impact-p at 25.22 kg/100 m2, 40 kg/100 m2, and 0.49 kg/100 m2, respectively, during the poul ... | 2006 | 16171990 |
| evaluation of agrobacterium-mediated transformation of agaricus bisporus using a range of promoters linked to hygromycin resistance. | there is interest in establishing genetic modification technologies for the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus, both for improved crop characteristics and for molecular pharming. for these methods to be successful, it is necessary to establish a set of transformation systems that include robust and reliable vectors for gene manipulation. in this article, we report the evaluation of a series of promoters for driving expression of the escherichia coli hph gene encoding hygromycin phosphotransfe ... | 2006 | 16444014 |
| the inhibition effect of some n-alkyl dithiocarbamates on mushroom tyrosinase. | three new n-alkyl dithiocarbamate compounds, as sodium salts, c4h9nhcs2na (i), c6h13nhcs2na (ii) and c8h17nhcs2na (iii), were synthesized and examined for inhibition of both cresolase and catecholase activities of mushroom tyrosinase (mt) from a commercial source of agaricus bisporus in 10 mm phosphate buffer ph 6.8, at 293k using uv spectrophotometry. caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid were used as natural substrates for the enzyme for the catecholase and cresolase reactions, respectively. linewe ... | 2005 | 16206836 |
| [ultrastructure of the cell wall in vegetative mycelia of agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach]. | a comparative description of the cell wall ultrastructure was made for vegetative mycelia in agaricus bisporus, other species of agaricus, and pleurotus ostreatus. apart from well known ultrastructural features of cell walls of the examined strains, inclusions of different kinds were observed. the cell wall thickness varied in different agaricus strains. maximum differences between the examined strains were 1.4 times. the cell wall thickness in p. ostreatus strains was by 3 to 4 times less than ... | 2004 | 15214164 |
| antitumor effects of (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan and (1-->6)-beta-d-glucan purified from newly cultivated mushroom, hatakeshimeji (lyophyllum decastes sing.). | eleven polysaccharides were isolated from a hot-water extract of fruiting bodies of lyophyllum decastes sing. by ion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. three polysaccharides (iv-1, iv-2, and iv-3) composed mainly of glucose showed marked antitumor activities against sarcoma 180 and their average molecular weights were 305 kda, 130 kda and 14 kda, respectively. from methylation analyses and 13c-nmr spectra, it was suggested that iv-1 was a (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan-type polysa ... | 2000 | 16232825 |
| manganese peroxidase of agaricus bisporus: grain bran-promoted production and gene characterization. | the main manganese peroxidase (mnp) isoenzyme of agaricus bisporus atcc 62459 produced in lignocellulose-containing cultures was isolated, cloned and sequenced. in liquid medium, where mnp was previously detected only in trace amounts, the production of mnp was enhanced by rye and wheat bran supplements. the pi (3.25) and n-terminal amino acid sequence (25 aa) of the enzyme from bran-containing cultures were identical to those reported from compost-isolated mnp1. mnp1 is a 328-aa long polypeptid ... | 2005 | 15538559 |
| the antineoplastic lectin of the common edible mushroom (agaricus bisporus) has two binding sites, each specific for a different configuration at a single epimeric hydroxyl. | the lectin from the common mushroom agaricus bisporus, the most popular edible species in western countries, has potent antiproliferative effects on human epithelial cancer cells, without any apparent cytotoxicity. this property confers to it an important therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent. the three-dimensional structure of the lectin was determined by x-ray diffraction. the protein is a tetramer with 222 symmetry, and each monomer presents a novel fold with two beta sheets connec ... | 2004 | 15596442 |
| antibacterial activity of coriandrum sativum l. and foeniculum vulgare miller var. vulgare (miller) essential oils. | essential oils were extracted from the fruits of coriandrum sativum l. and foeniculum vulgare miller var. vulgare (miller) and assayed in vitro for antibacterial activity to escherichia coli and bacillus megaterium, bacteria routinely used for comparison in the antimicrobial assays, and 27 phytopathogenic bacterial species and two mycopathogenic ones responsible for cultivated mushroom diseases. a significant antibacterial activity, as determined with the agar diffusion method, was shown by c. s ... | 2004 | 15612768 |
| chitin and chitosan--value-added products from mushroom waste. | accumulation of chitinous material in agaricus bisporus stalks was determined during postharvest storage at 4 and 25 degrees c. the chitinous material was extracted after alkali treatment and acid reflux of alkali insoluble material and analyzed for yield, purity, degree of acetylation (da), and crystallinity. the total glucosamine content in mushroom stalks increased from 7.14% dry weight (dw) at harvest (day 0) to 11.00% dw and 19.02% dw after 15 days of storage at 4 degrees c and 5 days of st ... | 2004 | 15612774 |
| characterization of phytase activity from cultivated edible mushrooms and their production substrates. | phytase is used commercially to maximize phytic acid degradation and to decrease phosphorus levels in poultry and swine manure. to determine phytase content in edible mushrooms, basidiomata of agaricus bisporus and three specialty mushrooms (grifola frondosa, lentinula edodes, and pleurotus cornucopiae) and spent mushroom substrate (sms) were surveyed. enzyme activity ranged from 0.046 to 0.074 unit/g of tissue for four a. bisporus types (closed and open whites and closed and open browns) grown ... | 2004 | 15675798 |
| efficient gfp expression in the mushrooms agaricus bisporus and coprinus cinereus requires introns. | we have developed a "molecular toolkit" comprising interchangeable promoters and marker genes to facilitate transformation of homobasidiomycete mushrooms. we describe the evaluation of a range of promoters in the homobasidiomycetes agaricus bisporus and coprinus cinereus using green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a reporter gene; the c. cinereus trp1 promoter and a. bisporus trp2 and gpdii promoters proving successful in driving expression in c. cinereus, with the gpdii promoter also functioning i ... | 2005 | 15707840 |
| endogenous growth regulation in carpophores of agaricus bisporus. | | 1963 | 16655848 |
| effects of stage of maturity and cooking on the chemical composition of select mushroom varieties. | select mushrooms were analyzed for proximate constituents and carbohydrate profiles either raw or cooked and at different stages of maturity. white button mushrooms (agaricus biporus) contained high concentrations of ash (12.5 and 11.9% for immature and mature mushrooms, respectively). starch and total dietary fiber (tdf) concentrations were higher in maitake (grifola frondosa) and shiitake (lentinus edodes) mushrooms. crude protein (cp) and acid-hydrolyzed fat (ahf) were highest in crimini (aga ... | 2005 | 15713030 |
| isolation and characterization of a fruiting body-specific exo-beta-1,3-glucanase-encoding gene, exg1, from lentinula edodes. | an exo-beta-1,3-glucanase-encoding gene was isolated from lentinula edodes to investigate the relationship between the cell wall lytic enzyme and mushroom morphogenesis. the deduced amino acid sequence of the protein corresponding to the exg1 gene displayed 67% identity to abexg1 of agaricus bisporus and approximately 40% identity to yeast exo-beta-1,3-glucanases. two conserved glutamic acids within the catalytic active site in yeast exo-beta-1,3-glucanases were conserved in exg1 of l. edodes. t ... | 2005 | 15724214 |
| expression of proteins and glycoproteins encoded by the haploid nuclei in the dikaryotic state in the basidiomycete agrocybe aegerita. | the total proteins and concanavalin a-binding glycoproteins of the cultivated mushroom agrocybe aegerita were studied in homokaryotic siblings and in dikaryotic strains. the glycoproteins exhibited considerable variability compared with the proteins; the genetic diversity detected in homokaryons in the glycoprotein analysis was 30-fold higher than the genetic diversity revealed by protein analysis, and the glycoprotein patterns could be used to characterize individual genotypes. we found that th ... | 1991 | 16348554 |
| description of a novel panallergen of cross-reactivity between moulds and foods. | the present investigation is undertaken to demonstrate a novel cross-reactivity between aeroallergens (moulds fungi imperfecti) and allergens from foods (spinach and mushroom agaricus bisporus). we have performed a dual study in vivo and in vitro, in a population of atopic patients. data from in vivo tests performed with spinach and mushroom have been statistically analysed. to the in vitro assays, mushroom and spinach extracts have been obtained, and sera from moulds allergic patients analysed ... | 2006 | 16698676 |
| localization of the mating type gene in agaricus bisporus. | the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus is secondarily homothallic. most basidia produce two basidiospores, each of which receives two of the four postmeiotic nuclei. usually, the two packaged nuclei carry compatible mating types. previous studies suggested that there may be only a single mating type locus in a. bisporus. in this study, we determined whether the mating type segregated as a single mendelian determinant in a cross marked with 64 segregating molecular markers. to score mating typ ... | 1993 | 16349046 |
| ecology of thermophilic fungi in mushroom compost, with emphasis on scytalidium thermophilum and growth stimulation of agaricus bisporus mycelium. | twenty-two species of thermophilic fungi were isolated from mushroom compost. scytalidium thermophilum was present in the compost ingredients, fresh straw, horse droppings, and drainage from compost and dominated the fungal biota of compost after preparation. of 34 species of thermophilic fungi tested, 9 promoted mycelial growth of agaricus bisporus on sterilized compost: chaetomium thermophilum, an unidentified chaetomium sp., malbranchea sulfurea, myriococcum thermophilum, s. thermophilum, sti ... | 1994 | 16349175 |
| compositional changes in compost during composting and growth of agaricus bisporus. | samples from conventional compost taken at various stages of composting and mushroom (agaricus bisporus) growth were analyzed for changes in 80% ethanol and water extracts, monosaccharides in acid hydrolysates of polysaccharides, lignin concentration, and lignin structural features. variable amounts of extraneous inorganic solids in the form of fine sandy particles were removed by sedimentation of the samples in a carbon tetrachloride-dibromomethane mixture. during composting, about two-thirds o ... | 1994 | 16349255 |
| evidence that agaricus bisporus agglutinin (aba) has dual sugar-binding specificity. | agaricus bisporus agglutinin (aba) is known as a useful lectin to detect t-antigen (core1) disaccharide (galbeta1-3galnacalpha) and related o-linked glycans. however, a recent x-ray crystallographic study revealed the presence of another intrinsic sugar-binding site, i.e., for glcnac. to confirm this possibility, detailed analysis was performed using two advanced methods: lectin microarray and frontal affinity chromatography (fac). in the lectin microarray, intense signals were observed on aba s ... | 2006 | 16824489 |
| rate of iodine volatilization and accumulation by filamentous fungi through laboratory cultures. | five strains of basidiomycetes (lentinula edodes, coprinus phlyctidosporus, hebeloma vinosophyllum, pleurotus ostreatus and agaricus bisporus), one strain of ascomycete (hormoconis resinae) and six strains of imperfect fungi (penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium roquefortii, cladosporium cladosporioides, alternaria alternata, aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae) were cultured in a liquid medium containing a radioactive iodine tracer ((125)i), and were tested for their abilities to volatiliz ... | 2006 | 16828143 |
| residue evaluation of the azole fungicides prochloraz and tebuconazole in the white mushroom agaricus bisporus. | | 2006 | 16832768 |
| inoculation of scytalidium thermophilum in button mushroom compost and its effect on yield. | scytalidium thermophilum isolates in culture, as well as the endogenous strain(s) in mushroom compost, were inactivated at 70 degrees c. this temperature was used to pasteurize composts for experiments. of nine thermophilic fungal species, only s. thermophilum and myriococcum thermophilum grew well on pasteurized compost in test tubes. the effect of both species on the crop yield of agaricus bisporus mushrooms was studied. in solid-state fermentation rooms called tunnels, compost was pasteurized ... | 1994 | 16349366 |
| nutritional attributes of agaricus bisporus and pleurotus sajor caju mushrooms. | agaricus bisporus and pleurotus sajor caju mushrooms were procured from the department of plant pathology, ccs haryana agricultural university, hisar (india) and analysed for various nutritional attributes. the fat and ash content were significantly higher in agaricus bisporus, whereas, crude fibre and crude protein contents were significantly higher in pleurotus sajor caju. total and protein nitrogen was significantly higher in pleurotus sajor caju than agaricus bisporus mushroom as a result it ... | 2006 | 16859180 |
| uniparental mitochondrial transmission in the cultivated button mushroom, agaricus bisporus. | a uniparental mitochondrial (mt) transmission pattern has been previously observed in laboratory matings of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus on petri dishes. in this study, four sets of specific matings were further examined by taking mycelial plugs from the confluent zone of mated homokaryons and inoculating these plugs into rye grain for laboratory fruiting and for fruiting under industrial conditions. examination of the mt genotype of each individual fruit body for mt-specific restri ... | 1994 | 16349461 |
| fungal tyrosinases: new prospects in molecular characteristics, bioengineering and biotechnological applications. | tyrosinases are type-3 copper proteins involved in the initial step of melanin synthesis. these enzymes catalyse both the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and the subsequent oxidation of the resulting o-diphenols into reactive o-quinones, which evolve spontaneously to produce intermediates, which associate in dark brown pigments. in fungi, tyrosinases are generally associated with the formation and stability of spores, in defence and virulence mechanisms, and in browning and pigmentation. first ch ... | 2006 | 16430498 |
| tyrosinase-catalyzed grafting of sericin peptides onto chitosan and production of protein-polysaccharide bioconjugates. | the capability of agaricus bisporus tyrosinase to catalyze the oxidation of tyrosine residues of silk sericin was studied under homogeneous reaction conditions, by using sericin peptides purified from industrial wastewater as the substrate. tyrosinase was able to oxidize about 57% of sericin-bound tyrosine residues. the reaction rate was higher than with silk fibroin, but lower than with other silk-derived model peptides, i.e. tryptic and chymotryptic soluble peptide fractions of silk fibroin, s ... | 2007 | 16934898 |
| conversion of linoleic acid into novel oxylipins by the mushroom agaricus bisporus. | oxylipins are associated with important processes of the fungal life cycle, such as spore formation. here, we report the formation of fa metabolites in agaricus bisporus. incubation of a crude extract of lamellae with linoleic acid (18:2) led to the extensive formation of two oxylipins. they were identified as 8(r)-hydroxy-9z,12z-octadecadienoic acid (8-hod) and 8(r),11 (s)-dihydroxy-9z,12z-octadecadienoic acid (8,11-dihod) by using rp-hplc, gc-ms, ir, gc-ms analysis of diastereomeric derivative ... | 2005 | 16459929 |
| biological characterization of white line-inducing principle (wlip) produced by pseudomonas reactans ncppb1311. | the biological activities of the lipodepsipeptides (ldp) white line-inducing principle (wlip), produced by pseudomonas reactans ncppb1311, and tolaasin i, produced by r tolaasii ncppb2192, were compared. antimicrobial assays showed that both ldp inhibited the growth of fungi-including the cultivated mushrooms agaricus bisporus, lentinus edodes, and pleurotus spp.--chromista, and gram-positive bacteria. assays of the two ldp on blocks of agaricus bisporus showed their capacity to alter the mushro ... | 2006 | 17022175 |
| elemental distribution in selected agaricus and rhizina mushrooms in south africa. | the levels of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, lead, chromium and cadmium in four prevalent mushroom species in south africa, namely two edible agaricus bisporus species, one inedible agaricus xanthodermus species and a poisonous type mushroom, rezhina undulata are reported. analytical results from the open vessel and microwave digestion approaches were compared. while higher levels of ca and mg were found in the edible types, the inedible and poisonous type mushrooms had relatively high lev ... | 2006 | 16484080 |
| a highly efficient polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation method for mushrooms. | a highly efficient transformation system mediated by polyethylene glycol was developed for the cultivated mushroom pleurotus ostreatus. eighty to 180 integrative and stable-resistant colonies appeared per mug of dna per 10(7) viable protoplasts in a transformation experiment with the hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene (hph), which is about 40-1800 times higher than that previously reported in p. ostreatus. one hundred to 150 transformants emitting green fluorescence were observed per mug of dn ... | 2006 | 16499607 |
| mitochondrial haplotype influences mycelial growth of agaricus bisporus heterokaryons. | we evaluated the influence of mitochondrial haplotype on growth of the common button mushroom agaricus bisporus. ten pairs of heterokaryon strains, each pair having the same nuclear genome but different mitochondrial genomes, were produced by controlled crosses among a group of homokaryons of both wild and commercial origins. seven genetically distinct mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplotypes were evaluated in different nuclear backgrounds. the growth of heterokaryon pairs differing only in their mt ... | 1997 | 16535683 |
| selenium speciation in agaricus bisporus and lentinula edodes mushroom proteins using multi-dimensional chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. | in this study, selenium species from se containing proteins in mushrooms (agaricus bisporus and lentinula edodes) were investigated with size-exclusion liquid chromatography coupled to uv and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms). different protein extraction protocols were investigated. variability of the fractionation patterns with three extraction media (0.1m naoh, 30 mm tris-hcl, and enzymatic digestions) was evaluated for both mushroom types. a 24 h tris-hcl extraction follo ... | 2006 | 16233900 |
| anti-aromatase activity of phytochemicals in white button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus). | white button mushrooms (agaricus bisporous) are a potential breast cancer chemopreventive agent, as they suppress aromatase activity and estrogen biosynthesis. therefore, we evaluated the activity of mushroom extracts in the estrogen receptor-positive/aromatase-positive mcf-7aro cell line in vitro and in vivo. mushroom extract decreased testosterone-induced cell proliferation in mcf-7aro cells but had no effect on mcf-10a, a nontumorigenic cell line. most potent mushroom chemicals are soluble in ... | 2006 | 17178902 |
| expression of the urease gene of agaricus bisporus: a tool for studying fruit body formation and post-harvest development. | fruit body initials of agaricus bisporus contain high levels of urea, which decrease in the following developmental stages until stage 4 (harvest) when urea levels increase again. at storage, the high urea content may affect the quality of the mushroom, i.e. by the formation of ammonia from urea through the action of urease (ec 3.5.1.5). despite the abundance of urea in the edible mushroom a. bisporus, little is known about its physiological role. the urease gene of a. bisporus and its promoter ... | 2006 | 16283299 |
| radical production and dna damage induced by carcinogenic 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid, an ingredient of mushroom agaricus bisporus. | 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid, an ingredient of mushroom agaricus bisporus, is carcinogenic to rodents. to clarify the mechanism of carcinogenesis, we investigated dna damage by 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid using (32)p-labeled dna fragments obtained from the human p53 and p16 tumor suppressor genes. 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid induced cu(ii)-dependent dna damage especially piperidine-labile formation at thymine and cytosine residues. typical hydroxyl radical scavengers showed no inhibitory effects on cu(ii)-me ... | 2006 | 16298757 |
| distribution of brown blotch bacteria in wild and cultivated species of basidiomycetes. | wild and cultivated basidiomycetes species were cultured to determine the distribution of bacteria causing brown blotch disease of agaricus bisporus. colonies from each basidiocarp were screened for brown blotch organisms by the white line and host pathogenicity tests. isolates causing brown blotch were identified as pseudomonas tolaasi and an arthrobacter species. | 1984 | 16346653 |
| pangola grass colonized with scytalidium thermophilum for production of agaricus bisporus. | this work had the dual objective of selecting a substrate for rapid mycelial growth of scytalidium thermophilum and then comparing the growth and production of a brown variety of agaricus bisporus on substrate non-colonized and colonized with s. thermophilum. mycelial growth of s. thermophilum at 45 degrees c was significantly greater on potato dextrose yeast extract agar (0.58 mm/h) as compared to malt extract glucose agar (0.24 mm/h) and yeast extract glucose agar (0.44 mm/h). on cereal grain, ... | 2008 | 17331714 |