| acanthamoeba infection presenting as skin lesions in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | acanthamoeba organisms are a well-known, although rare, cause of central nervous system infection in immunodeficient hosts, including those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. extracerebral acanthamebiasis, with the exception of contact lens-associated keratitis, is reported but little emphasized in the literature. we describe two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in whom skin lesions were the primary manifestations of acanthamoeba infection. central nervous system di ... | 1993 | 8215828 |
| biological properties of aureobasidin a, a cyclic depsipeptide antifungal antibiotic. | aureobasidin a (aba) is a novel cyclic depsipeptide antifungal antibiotic. the antifungal activity of aba was studied in vitro and in vivo in comparison with clinically effective antifungal agents, amphotericin b and fluconazole. aba was highly active in vitro against many pathogenic fungi, including candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum. the activity was superior to amphotericin b in most cases. aba exhibited fungicidal action toward grow ... | 1993 | 8226319 |
| macrophages and blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1994 | 8251594 |
| therapeutic efficacy of a liposomal formulation of amphotericin b (ambisome) against murine blastomycosis. | the efficacy of a liposomal amphotericin b preparation (ambisome) and a deoxycholate suspension (fungizone) were compared in a pulmonary model of murine blastomycosis. male, four-week-old cd-1 mice were infected intranasally with 19,400 or 27,450 cfu of viable blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts and intravenous therapy begun 4 days later. groups of ten mice were given various dosages of fungizone or ambisome or were untreated. all treatments were given 3 times per week for 2 weeks. deaths were recor ... | 1993 | 8262869 |
| development of pulmonary infection in mice inoculated with blastomyces dermatitidis conidia. | intratracheal injection of balb/cbyj mice with 10(4) blastomyces dermatitidis conida produces chronic pulmonary and disseminated blastomycosis characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation. to study the evolution of the pulmonary infection, mice were killed at varying intervals after inoculation, their lungs cultured and examined histologically. nodular intraalveolar infiltrates of macrophages (m phi) were seen on day 1 with occasional admixed polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn). phagocytized ye ... | 1994 | 8306053 |
| histoplasmosis. | histoplasmosis is an infection caused by the dimorphic fungus, histoplasma capsulatum. the initial site of entry is usually the lung, but dissemination to skin occurs in some patients, particularly those with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in whom it is part of a widespread infection. the organisms have to be distinguished from other yeasts in skin such as cryptococcus neoformans and small forms of blastomyces dermatitidis. | 1993 | 8312147 |
| immunologic recognition of a 25-amino acid repeat arrayed in tandem on a major antigen of blastomyces dermatitidis. | a 120-kd glycoprotein antigen abundantly expressed on blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts is a target of cellular and humoral immune responses in human infection. to investigate the antigen and immune response more carefully at the molecular level, we screened an expression library from b. dermatitidis to identify clones that encode this antigen, designated wi-1. a 942-bp cdna was isolated by immunologic screening with polyclonal, rabbit anti-wi-1 antiserum. northern hybridization analysis showed th ... | 1993 | 8326001 |
| two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of histoplasmin and a purified polysaccharide-protein antigen of histoplasma capsulatum. | crude histoplasmin and a polysaccharide-protein complex (ppc-histo) antigens obtained from culture filtrates of histoplasma capsulatum were analyzed by single and tandem two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (td-iep) using a rabbit hyperimmune anti-histoplasmin polyvalent serum. single td-iep showed 14 arc precipitates for histoplasmin. continuity of arcs 2, 6, and 7, and 9 and 10 was observed, suggesting a different polymeric configuration of the same antigen. this was also confirmed in tandem ... | 1993 | 8326996 |
| reactivation and dissemination of blastomycosis complicating hodgkin's disease: a case report and review of the literature. | patients presenting with hodgkin's disease (hd) may show lung involvement characterized by contiguous spread from ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes. lung consolidation or noncontiguous pulmonary involvement makes an alternative diagnosis more likely. this report describes a patient with hd in whom concurrent pulmonary blastomycosis was recognized only after chemotherapy had started and dissemination had occurred. although blastomyces dermatitidis may behave as an opportunist pathogen, there are no p ... | 1993 | 8342540 |
| overwhelming pulmonary blastomycosis associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. | few cases of overwhelming pulmonary blastomycosis associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome have been reported. we describe 10 patients with this condition who were treated at one center in wisconsin. | 1993 | 8413389 |
| gallium-67-citrate and bone scintigraphy in disseminated north american blastomycosis. | we present a patient with north american blastomycosis involving lung and bone. chest radiographs and ct scan showed a mass in the lung. bone scintigraphy detected a photon-deficient area in the sternum and 67ga spect showed uptake in the right upper lung and in the sternum. a diagnostic thoracotomy and needle biopsy from the sternal lesion revealed granulomatous infection due to blastomyces dermatitidis. after 3 mo of antifungal therapy, the follow-up 67ga study showed no evidence of the origin ... | 1993 | 8441039 |
| disseminated atypical blastomycosis in two patients with aids. | two men with aids developed fungal infections and subsequently died as a result of dissemination of the fungal infection. findings obtained by histologic examination, serological studies, and cultures suggested that the infections were caused by blastomyces dermatitidis. tissue sections showed polymorphic yeast-like cells 5-20 microns in diameter (some with broad and others with narrow single- or multiple-based buds), small yeasts, and hyphal elements. the exoantigen k positivity and exoantigen ... | 1993 | 8448284 |
| blastomycosis in transplant recipients: report of a case and review. | fungi cause serious, often fatal infections in immunocompromised hosts. recipients of solid organ and bone marrow transplants are predisposed to invasive fungal infections with candida species, aspergillus species, and cryptococcus neoformans. in contrast, infections with blastomyces dermatitidis have rarely been diagnosed in transplant recipients. we describe a patient who received an orthotopic heart transplant and developed recurrent disseminated blastomycosis. other reported cases of blastom ... | 1993 | 8448319 |
| evaluation of commercially available acridinium ester-labeled chemiluminescent dna probes for culture identification of blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoformans, and histoplasma capsulatum. | four commercially available acridinium ester-labeled dna probes directed against rrna were evaluated for their ability to identify blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, and cryptococcus neoformans in culture. rrna was extracted by sonication of 1- to 2-mm2 portions of cultures of fungi in two chaotropic reagents with glass beads. following a heat inactivation step, the extracts were hybridized in solution with probes specific for each pathogen. the acridinium es ... | 1993 | 8463395 |
| unpredictability of commercially available exoantigen culture confirmation tests in confirming the identity of five blastomyces dermatitidis isolates. | colonial and microscopic features of five fungal isolates from three patients suggested blastomyces dermatitidis. extracts from the mold forms of all isolates were tested on several occasions with commercially available exoantigen immunodiffusion culture-confirmation test reagents and nolan reagents. all three isolates from patient 1 were negative on four separate attempts with exoantigen reagents using conventional ("slant") and "broth" extraction methods, and were also negative on one attempt ... | 1993 | 8493947 |
| activities of the triazole d0870 in vitro and against murine blastomycosis. | the novel triazole d0870 was tested for in vitro activity, as well as in vivo in a murine model of pulmonary blastomycosis. in vitro, d0870 had inhibitory and fungicidal activity against blastomyces dermatitidis (mic = 0.048 microgram/ml; minimal fungicidal concentration = 0.097 microgram/ml). in vivo, d0870 was approximately 100-fold more active than fluconazole on the basis of milligrams per kilogram of body weight given once daily (qd) against blastomycosis. d0870 doses of both 1 or 10 mg/kg ... | 1993 | 8517710 |
| genomic cloning, characterization, and functional analysis of the major surface adhesin wi-1 on blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts. | wi-1 is a 120-kda surface protein adhesin on blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts that binds cd18 and cd14 receptors on human macrophages. we isolated and analyzed a clone of genomic wi-1 to characterize this key adherence mechanism of the yeast. the 9.3-kilobase insert contains an open reading frame of 3438 nucleotides and no introns. the amino acid sequence of native wi-1 matches the deduced sequence of genomic wi-1 at positions 757-769, 901-913, and 1119-1138, demonstrating the cloned gene is auth ... | 1995 | 8530512 |
| detection of antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity with rotofor preparative ief fractions of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast phase lysate antigen. | blastomyces dermatitidis (dog isolate t-58) yeast phase lysate antigen was concentrated and separated by rotofor preparative isoelectric focusing cell (bio-rad). the ph values of the fractions were determined and equilibrated to ph 7.2 and then analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using horseradish peroxidase enzyme system against serum specimens from dogs with blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and coccidioidomycosis. the results showed a peak absorbance at ph 3.89-4.31 (fra ... | 1995 | 8531017 |
| sensitivity and specificity of an isoelectric focusing fraction of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast lysate antigen for the detection of canine blastomycosis. | blastomyces dermatitidis yeast lysate antigen (t-58, dog isolate) fractions prepared using the rotofor preparative isoelectric focusing (ief) cell (bio-rad) were compared with b. dermatitidis yeast lysate and filtrate reagents with respect to the detection of antibodies in sera from dogs with blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis and aspergillosis. a horseradish peroxidase enzyme immunoassay with turbo tmb substrate was used in the study. one particular ief fraction ( ... | 1995 | 8531928 |
| cytologic findings in 43 cases of blastomycosis diagnosed ante-mortem in naturally-infected dogs. | a retrospective study of the cytology of blastomycosis was undertaken. sixty-one samples from 43 naturally infected dogs diagnosed ante-mortem by means of cytology were reviewed. skin and lymph nodes rendered the highest number of positive samples with 17 out of 18 and 14 out of 17 respectively. transtracheal washes contained the tissue forms of blastomyces dermatitidis in 3 out of 5 samples. pyogranulomatous inflammation was diagnosed in 38 of the 61 samples, and of these, 25 cases contained mu ... | 1995 | 8532060 |
| molecular probes for diagnosis of fungal infections. | we have developed 21 specific nucleic acid probes which target the large subunit rrna genes from aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus glaucus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, candida (torulopsis) glabrata, candida guilliermondii, candida kefyr, candida krusei, candida lusitaniae, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, filobas ... | 1995 | 8576345 |
| fungal infections: a growing threat. | the emergence of newly identified fungal pathogens and the reemergence of previously uncommon fungal diseases is primarily related to increases in the numbers of susceptible persons: people with hiv infection, bone marrow and organ transplant recipients, cancer patients being treated with chemotherapy, critically ill persons, and very low birth weight ( < or = 1500 g) infants. these immunocompromised populations are at risk for infection not only with opportunistic pathogens (for example, pneumo ... | 1996 | 8643813 |
| pneumonia due to blastomyces dermatitidis in a european renal transplant recipient. | | 1996 | 8672047 |
| extra-axial clival blastomycosis granuloma: a case report. | a case of extra-axial fungal (blastomyces dermatitidis) granuloma in the region of the lower clivus is presented. the lesion simulated a meningioma both on radiological examination and on the macroscopic appearance at operation. | 1996 | 8672268 |
| blastomycosis--wisconsin, 1986-1995. | blastomycosis is a disease of humans and animals caused by inhalation of airborne spores from blastomyces dermatitidis, a dimorphic fungus found in soil. the spectrum of clinical manifestations of blastomycosis includes acute pulmonary disease, subacute and chronic pulmonary disease (most common presentations), and disseminated extrapulmonary disease (cutaneous manifestations are most common, followed by involvement of the bone, the genitourinary tract, and central nervous system). although the ... | 1996 | 8676851 |
| extensive extraaxial blastomycosis granuloma at the skull base--case report. | a 37-year-old female presented with a rare case of intradural, extraaxial blastomyces dermatitidis granuloma involving a large part of the skull base. she had the principal complaint of worsening vision, but was otherwise healthy. the lesion mimicked an en-plaque meningioma on radiological examination and in gross appearance during surgery. this is a very unusual presentation for a blasto-mycosis granuloma. | 1996 | 8700318 |
| macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of an african blastomyces dermatitidis strain. | this report describes the macro- and microscopic characteristics of a strain of blastomyces dermatitidis isolated in an italian hospital from a libyan patient suffering from cutaneous blastomycosis. the fungus was isolated with great difficulty because of the presence of a proteus species on the lesion. conversion of the mycelial into the yeast-like phase achieved the best results, using columbia anc culture medium. after 5-6 days, this transformation was only partial and presented swollen hypha ... | 1995 | 8720199 |
| histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. | histoplasmosis and blastomycosis are caused by dimorphic fungi, can be epidemic or endemic, and can produce a spectrum of illness, from subclinical infection to progressive disseminated disease. diagnosis of both is best made by visualization of yeast in tissue or by culture. itraconazole is the drug of choice for treatment of both histoplasmosis and blastomycosis, except in cases of life-threatening infection, for which amphotericin b is indicated. a heavy inoculum of histoplasma capsulatum may ... | 1996 | 8722836 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of sch 56592 against blastomyces dermatitidis. | the new triazole derivative sch 56592 has been tested in a national committee for clinical laboratory standards-adapted in vitro susceptibility test, and its activity against 12 isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast-like forms has been compared with those of amphotericin b, itraconazole, and fluconazole. sch 56592 was the most active of the four compounds, with an mic at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited of 0.06 microgram/ml and a minimal fungicidal concentration at which 90% of the i ... | 1996 | 8723494 |
| induction and detection of cell-mediated reactions with different blastomyces dermatitidis antigenic preparations. | blastomyces dermatitidis yeast-phase antigens (killed cell, kwy; lysate, lys; and filtrate, fil) from canine isolate t-58 were compared with respect to the induction and detection of cellular immune responses in mice. the antigens exhibited good sensitivity and specificity when used to detect a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response in mice previously immunized with t-58 or histoplasma capsulatum antigens. greater reactivity was observed with the kwy and lys antigens as dth-inducing agents ... | 1996 | 8766999 |
| role of cell-surface molecules of blastomyces dermatitidis in host-pathogen interactions. | the fungal pathogen blastomyces dermatitidis produces an adhesin (wi-1) in yeast stages, which contains repetitive regions that bind host-cell receptors. adhesin and glucan may modulate fungal interactions with macrophages; their level of expression is altered in hypovirulent mutants. adhesin is also involved in immune responses, and may be important in eliciting the clearance of the fungus. | 1996 | 8795162 |
| human pathogeneic fungi and their close nonpathogenic relatives. | in order to understand the relationships between human pathogenic fungi and their close, nonpathogenic relatives, we compared small-subunit ribosomal dna sequences among four closely related pathogens, histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, trichophyton rubrum, and coccidioides immitis, and seven nonpathogenic fungi expected on morphological grounds to be their nearest relatives. we sequenced small-subunit rna genes from these fungi and used both genetic distance and parsimony algorit ... | 1996 | 8812309 |
| blastomycosis in children. | infections due to blastomyces dermatitidis are not commonly encountered in children and adolescents. knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease is largely based upon experience with adult patients. we recently reviewed our experience with blastomycosis to evaluate the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of this disease in the pediatric population. ten patients with blastomycosis were identified during our review, and five had pulmonary disease alone. of these five patients, fou ... | 1996 | 8852969 |
| case report: blastomyces dermatitidis as a cause of middle lobe syndrome. | middle lobe syndrome is a clinical term used to describe right middle lobe atelectasis with or without bronchial compression. fungal disease has been implicated rarely as a cause of middle lobe syndrome. this is a patient with blastomyces dermatitidis infection who presented with right middle lobe syndrome. | 1996 | 8853069 |
| deep mycotic infections in cats. | a review of deep mycotic infections assessed incidence, signalment, clinical presentation, and outcome in 571 feline cases. pertinent findings included a predisposition in young, male cats for sporothrix schenckii and blastomyces dermatitidis. there was an increased incidence of feline leukemia virus infection in cases with histoplasmosis and of feline panleukopenia virus infection in cases with either aspergillosis or mucoralosis. few other predisposing conditions were identified. cryptococcosi ... | 1996 | 8875352 |
| community-acquired fungal pneumonia in children. | pediatric fungal pulmonary infections are being seen with increasing frequency. the dimorphic fungi histoplasma capsulatum. blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, and cryptococcus neoformans frequently cause infections that are asymptomatic. however, patients may suffer pneumonia and disseminated disease. diagnosis can be made definitively by isolation of the causative organism, but serology or skin testing is often necessary when this is not successful. severe or life threatening infec ... | 1996 | 8883177 |
| disseminated blastomycosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report and ultrastructural study. | a 42-year-old, african-american man presented with a 2-month history of weight loss and fever for 2 weeks. presumptive diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were made on the basis of a cd4 lymphocyte count of 23 lymphocytes/ml. chest x-ray revealed right paratracheal adenopathy and a miliary pattern. the etiology of the patient's pulmonary infection was not known, but tuberculosis was an important consideration. over 5 days, the pulmonar ... | 1996 | 8883326 |
| ajellomyces crescens sp. nov., taxonomy of emmonsia spp., and relatedness with blastomyces dermatitidis (teleomorph ajellomyces dermatitidis). | adiaspiromycosis is known primarily as a pulmonary infection of small burrowing mammals and rarely of humans, in which the tissue spore form consists of a large, globose, thick-walled, non-proliferating structure called an adiaspore. the causative agents have been placed in emmonsia or chrysosporium and treated as either two species or varieties. emmonsia parva (= chrysosporium parvum var. parvum) has been distinguished from e. crescens (= c parvum var. crescens) by differences in maximum growth ... | 1996 | 8912163 |
| chronic localized osteomyelitis caused by atypical infection with blastomyces dermatitidis in a dog. | a 4-year-old male golden retriever was evaluated because of chronic non-weight-bearing lameness of the right hind limb associated with penetrating tarsal wounds. arthritis of the tarsal joint and osteomyelitis of the talus were initially evident. tarsal arthrodesis was performed 7 months after initial injury, but the lameness persisted. ten months later, blastomycosis was diagnosed on the basis of results of histologic examination of bone biopsy specimens and serologic tests. no other site of in ... | 1996 | 8944801 |
| recombinant coccidioides immitis complement-fixing antigen: detection of an epitope shared by c. immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, and blastomyces dermatitidis. | we undertook an investigation to assess the utility of a recombinant coccidioides immitis complement-fixing (cf) antigen for detecting cf antibody in sera from patients with coccidioidomycosis. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays established that recombinant cf antigen and, for comparison, a commercially available coccidioidin were reactive with 19 of 19 sera from patients with active coccidioidomycosis. the recombinant antigen was significantly more sensitive than coccidioidin. the median titer ... | 1997 | 9008276 |
| transforming dna integrates at multiple sites in the dimorphic fungal pathogen blastomyces dermatitidis. | blastomyces dermatitidis is a primary fungal pathogen of man and other mammals, but like many other human fungal pathogens, relatively little is known about the factors that account for its virulence and pathogenicity. we developed a transformation system to facilitate molecular genetic studies of putative virulence factors from b. dermatitidis. transformation of the multinucleate yeasts was achieved by electroporation of dnas containing a dominant selectable marker, hygromycin b (hygb) resistan ... | 1997 | 9074500 |
| in vitro activity of a new semisynthetic echinocandin, ly-303366, against systemic isolates of candida species, cryptococcus neoformans, blastomyces dermatitidis, and aspergillus species. | the in vitro activities of ly-303366, a new semisynthetic echinocandin, and comparators amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, and ketoconazole against 205 systemic isolates of candida species, cryptococcus neoformans, blastomyces dermatitidis, and aspergillus species were determined. ly-303366 had mics of < or = 0.32 microg/ml for all candida albicans (n = 99), candida glabrata (n = 18), and candida tropicalis (n = 10) isolates tested. ly-303366 was also active against aspergillus speci ... | 1997 | 9087508 |
| african strains of blastomyces dermatitidis that do not express surface adhesin wi-1. | african strains of blastomyces dermatitidis differ from north american strains in their growth, morphology, and clinical disease phenotype. in addition, two serotypes, designated 1 and 2, have been described. we investigated african strains of b. dermatitidis for expression of the surface protein adhesin wi-1 and found that serotype 2 strains do not express it because they lack the coding sequence in their genome. the defect will make the strains useful for gene complementation and for testing t ... | 1997 | 9119493 |
| activation, binding, and processing of complement component 3 (c3) by blastomyces dermatitidis. | complement plays a key role in phagocyte recognition and killing of blastomyces dermatitidis, but little is known about how complement components interact with the yeast. we report the characteristics of activation, binding, and processing of c3 by b. dermatitidis. in pooled normal human serum (nhs), deposition of c3 on the yeast was detectable within 2 min, whereas in nhs containing mgegta, deposition was delayed by 6 min, indicating that the yeast activates c3 by both classical and alternative ... | 1997 | 9125571 |
| cross-reactivity in histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen assays of urine samples from patients with endemic mycoses. | we evaluated cross-reactivity in the antigen assay used for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis by testing urine samples from patients with disseminated fungal infections. the mycoses chosen for this study were selected on the basis of the observation that during clinical testing, cross-reactions may occur between histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, and penicillium marneffei. we detected antigen in 12 of 19 patients w ... | 1997 | 9195077 |
| pulmonary blastomycosis with acute respiratory failure as predominant clinical feature. | two previously healthy young adults came to our community hospital with rapidly progressive respiratory failure. investigation confirmed blastomyces as the responsible etiologic agent. despite adequate antifungal chemotherapy and intensive supportive care, both patients died, one within 24 hours and the other after 14 days. overwhelming infection with blastomyces dermatitidis can cause acute respiratory failure, possibly the adult respiratory distress syndrome, even in immunocompetent hosts. | 1997 | 9258317 |
| efficacy of nikkomycin z against experimental pulmonary blastomycosis. | nikkomycin z is a chitin synthetase inhibitor. in vitro, nikkomycin z had good activity against blastomyces dermatitidis, with an mic of 0.78 microg/ml and a minimal fungicidal concentration of 3.1 microg/ml. the efficacies of various treatment durations (3, 5, or 10 days) and doses (200, 400, or 1,000 mg/kg of body weight) of nikkomycin z given twice daily were compared with those of itraconazole at 200 mg/kg given twice daily and amphotericin b at 6.25 mg/kg in a murine model of pulmonary blas ... | 1997 | 9303408 |
| virulent isolates and mutants of blastomyces in mice: a legacy for studies of pathogenesis. | this article provides information on the history of blastomyces dermatitidis isolates and spontaneous mutants, the relationship with maintenance of cultures, and their virulence as quantified in murine models. virulent isolates have been obtained from soil or from patients. regardless of origin, mutants attenuated in virulence have sometimes arisen from storage as frozen yeast, frozen mycelia, or refrigerated yeast or serial passage in vitro at 35 degrees to 37 degrees c. once virulence is lost, ... | 1997 | 9313289 |
| role of cell surface molecules of blastomyces dermatitidis in the pathogenesis and immunobiology of blastomycosis. | the cell surface of pathogenic microbes is critical in directing their interactions with the host. the discovery of a 120 kd antigen/adhesin wi-1 on the yeast or parasitic form of blastomyces dermatitidis has elucidated the molecular basis of host/pathogen interactions in blastomycosis. wi-1 has three structural domains: (1) an n-terminal hydrophobic domain that spans the cell membrane, (2) a c-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domain that may bind extracellular matrix, and (3) a central dom ... | 1997 | 9313291 |
| diagnosis of blastomycosis. | during the 100 years since blastomyces dermatitidis was discovered as a cause of human disease, diagnostic tests, methods of collection of specimens, and laboratory techniques have improved significantly. radiographic advances and the introduction of the fiberoptic bronchoscopy have allowed for more reliable clinical diagnoses. more sensitive serologic techniques and dna probes have significantly improved the sensitivity of laboratory diagnosis. at present, the most reliable serologic tests are ... | 1997 | 9313297 |
| mapping of a coccidioides immitis-specific epitope that reacts with complement-fixing antibody. | we have previously cloned the cdna fragment that encodes the complement fixation antigen of coccidioides immitis. the recombinant protein was highly sensitive in detecting cf antibody in sera from patients with coccidioidomycosis but was not specific to c. immitis, as evidenced by its reactivity with sera from patients with histoplasmosis and, to lesser extent, blastomycosis. we undertook this study to determine if the epitope(s) that reacts with cf antibody is the same or differs from the epito ... | 1997 | 9317009 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of bms-181184 against systemic isolates of candida, cryptococcus, and blastomyces species. | bms-181184 is a water-soluble derivative of the pradimicin group of antifungal compounds. we determined the in vitro activities of bms-181184 and comparator agents amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, and ketoconazole against 184 systemic fungal isolates collected at the health sciences centre in winnipeg, canada, between 1987 and 1995. bms-181184 demonstrated mics of between 1 and 8 micrograms/ml for all candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida l ... | 1997 | 9327245 |
| purification in quantity of the secreted form of wi-1: a major adhesin on blastomyces dermatitidis yeasts. | wi-1, a 120-kda adhesin on blastomyces dermatitidis, binds the yeast to macrophages and is a major target antigen of immune recognition in acquired resistance to the fungus. in past studies, wi-1 has been purified by extracting the protein from the yeast cell wall, which yields microgram quantities for biological assays. we report a strategy for generating and purifying the secreted form of wi-1 in quantity. yeasts of b. dermatitidis atcc strain 60636 cultured in hmm medium were found to secrete ... | 1997 | 9367819 |
| molecular taxonomy and epidemiology of blastomyces and histoplasma species. | cladistic analysis of partial 26s rrna sequences was used to estimate evolutionary distances among species and varieties of the dimorphic onygenalean genera blastomyces, coccidioides, emmonsia, histoplasma and paracoccidioides. with the exception of coccidioides, all genera were closely related, with about 5% base differences and even less (1-2%) between blastomyces and emmonsia. these data were supported by a teleomorph in the same genus ajellomyces. in a phylogenic study of a wide range of asc ... | 1997 | 9375491 |
| immunological and chemical characterization of glycoproteins in ief fractions of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast lysate antigen. | after isoelectric focusing (ief), fractions of a blastomyces dermatitidis yeast lysate antigen were analysed for the presence of glycoproteins that may lead to cross-reactivity in immunoassays for the diagnosis of blastomycosis. five major glycoproteins were apparent, two of which showed cross-reactivity when used in western blots with sera obtained from dogs with histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis. these five glycoproteins were characterized for linkage to the proteins using n-glycosidase f ... | 1997 | 9375492 |
| in vitro activity of the new triazole voriconazole (uk-109,496) against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and common and emerging yeast pathogens. | the in vitro antifungal activity of a new triazole derivative, voriconazole, was compared with those of itraconazole and amphotericin b against 67 isolates of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, bipolaris spp., fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani, pseudallescheria boydii, rhizopus arrhizus, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, and sporothrix schenckii. the in vitro activities of voriconazole were also compared with those of amphotericin b, fluconazole, and itraconazole agains ... | 1998 | 9431946 |
| identification of blastomyces dermatitidis in the stool of a dog with acute pulmonary blastomycosis. | we report the identification of blastomyces dermatitidis by microscopic examination of a direct faecal smear from a dog with pulmonary blastomycosis. a simultaneously obtained faecal culture grew blastomyces dermatitidis. the fungus was also cultured from a transtracheal sample from this same dog. this report suggests that yeast-phase cells of b. dermatitidis may be recovered in the stool of dogs with pulmonary blastomycosis following transit through the gastrointestinal tract of swallowed infec ... | 1997 | 9467109 |
| comparative studies on the detection of antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity responses with 10 blastomyces dermatitidis lysate antigens. | yeast-phase lysate antigens were prepared from 10 different isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis. comparative studies were performed using the lysate antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies in sera from dogs with blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. in order to evaluate the ability of the lysate reagents to elicit delayed dermal hypersensitivity (dth) responses, the lysates were compared as skin-testing antigens in hairless guinea pigs that were prev ... | 1997 | 9476480 |
| detection of antibodies and delayed dermal hypersensitivity with different lots of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast lysate antigen: stability and specificity evaluations. | comparative evaluations were performed to assess the stability, sensitivity and specificity of eight lots of yeast lysate antigen prepared from a blastomyces dermatitidis dog isolate (t-58). these antigens were prepared during the period from 1989 to 1995. the lysates were used in an elisa for the detection of antibodies in serum specimens from dogs with blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. in order to evaluate the ability of the lysates to elicit delayed dermal hypersensitivity (dth) responses, th ... | 1997 | 9476514 |
| intergenic transcribed spacer pcr ribotyping for differentiation of saccharomyces species and interspecific hybrids. | the taxonomy of the genus saccharomyces has undergone significant changes recently with the use of genotypic rather than phenotypic methods for the identification of strains to the species level. the sequence of rrna genes has been utilized for the identification of a variety of fungi to the species level. this methodology, applied to species of saccharomyces, allows unknown saccharomyces isolates to be assigned to the type strains. it was the aim of the present study to assess whether typing of ... | 1998 | 9542932 |
| susceptibilities of clinical and laboratory isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis to ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole. | eighteen isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis were evaluated for their in vitro susceptibilities to ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole. the mic ranges were 0.1 to 0.4 microg/ml for ketoconazole, < or =0.018 to 0.07 microg/ml for itraconazole, and 2.5 to 4.0 microg/ml for fluconazole. the ranges for the minimal lethal concentrations were 0.2 to 0.8 microg/ml for ketoconazole, < or =0.018 to 0.07 microg/ml for itraconazole, and 10 to 40 microg/ml for fluconazole. itraconazole was the most ... | 1998 | 9559827 |
| fine needle aspiration cytology of primary isolated splenic blastomyces dermatitidis. a case report. | blastomyces dermatitidis is a dimorphic fungus; its usual port of entry is the lung. although any organ system can be secondarily involved, non-pulmonary sites of primary infection have been reported. | 1998 | 9568144 |
| flow cytometric quantitation of yeast a novel technique for use in animal model work and in vitro immunologic assays. | animal models of fungal and other infectious diseases often require that the number of organisms in tissue be quantified, traditionally by grinding organs, plating them on agar and counting colony forming units (cfu). this method is labor intensive, slow as some fungi require two weeks of culture and limited in reliability by poor plating efficiency. to circumvent these problems, we developed a flow cytometric method to quantify yeast. in vitro cultured blastomyces dermatitidis, cryptococcus neo ... | 1998 | 9617831 |
| unilateral blastomyces dermatitidis endophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis. a case report and literature review. | the authors report the clinical, cytologic, and histopathologic findings of a unique presentation of concomitant unilateral endophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis secondary to blastomyces dermatitidis. | 1998 | 9709759 |
| molecular genetic variation in emmonsia crescens and emmonsia parva, etiologic agents of adiaspiromycosis, and their phylogenetic relationship to blastomyces dermatitidis (ajellomyces dermatitidis) and other systemic fungal pathogens. | emmonsia crescens, an agent of adiaspiromycosis, blastomyces dermatitidis, the agent of blastomycosis, and histoplasma capsulatum, the agent of histoplasmosis, are known to form meiotic (sexual) stages in the ascomycete genus ajellomyces (onygenaceae, onygenales), but no sexual stage is known for e. parva, the type species of the genus emmonsia. to evaluate relationships among members of the putative ajellomyces clade, large-subunit ribosomal and internal transcribed spacer region dna sequences ... | 1998 | 9738044 |
| comparison of in vitro activities of the new triazole sch56592 and the echinocandins mk-0991 (l-743,872) and ly303366 against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and yeasts. | the in vitro antifungal activities of sch56592, mk-0991, and ly303366 against 83 isolates of acremonium strictum, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus terreus, bipolaris spp., blastomyces dermatitidis, cladophialophora bantiana, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani, histoplasma capsulatum, phialophora spp., pseudallescheria boydii, rhizopus arrhizus, scedosporium prolificans, and sporothrix schenckii were compared. the in vitro activities of these agents against 104 isolates of ... | 1998 | 9738049 |
| blastomycosis as an etiology of acute lung injury. | blastomyces dermatitidis, a dimorphic broad-based budding yeast endemic to the mississippi river valley region, is responsible for morbidity in humans via inhalation and dissemination. the response of acute lung injury, which produces an illness with serious morbidity and an approximately 50% mortality, uncommonly occurs. diagnosis can be difficult, and a high index of suspicion should be maintained in endemic regions for patients with acute lung injury of uncertain etiology, especially if their ... | 1998 | 9743060 |
| simultaneous infection with blastomyces dermatitidis and cryptococcus neoformans. | in this report, we present two cases of simultaneous infection with blastomyces dermatitidis and cryptococcus neoformans. in both cases, fungi were isolated from the lungs. the clinical manifestations were not suggestive of infection with two fungi. one patient was receiving immunosuppressive therapy and another was otherwise immunocompetent. a review of the literature failed to uncover any reports of co-infection with these two fungal pathogens. we discuss possible mechanisms for the isolation ... | 1998 | 9776812 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the wi-1 adhesin of blastomyces dermatitidis. | people infected with blastomyces dermatitidis develop strong immunity to the yeast surface adhesin wi-1, including antibody responses to the adhesive domain, a 25-amino-acid repeat, and cellular responses to the n terminus. we studied the immunogenicity of wi-1 and the ability of anti-wi-1 immune responses to protect against lethal pulmonary infection in mice. wi-1 immunization, given in freund's adjuvant subcutaneously in two doses 2 weeks apart, evoked delayed hypersensitivity responses in a c ... | 1998 | 9784555 |
| neck mass resulting from local extension of pulmonary blastomycosis. | blastomycosis is an endemic systemic fungal infection that usually involves the lungs and superficial skin. although head and neck involvement has been reported in the literature, no previous cases of neck mass resulting from direct extension of a pulmonary lesion have been published. we encountered an immunocompetent 31-year-old woman with a rapidly enlarging subcutaneous neck mass and a chronic upper lung infiltrate. imaging studies showed contiguity between both lesions. blastomyces dermatiti ... | 1998 | 9786290 |
| misleading manifestations of coccidioides immitis in vivo. | we describe a case of coccidioidomycosis in which several unusual morphologic forms of coccidioides immitis occurred in biopsy tissue from the right lower lung of a patient. to our knowledge, this is the first case where so many diverse morphologic forms were manifested in a single patient in the absence of typical endosporulating spherules. immature spherules demonstrating segmentation mimicked morula forms of prototheca spp. certain elements resembled budding cells of blastomyces dermatitidis. ... | 1998 | 9817907 |
| virulence factors in fungi of systemic mycoses. | pathogenic fungi that cause systemic mycoses retain several factors which allow their growth in adverse conditions provided by the host, leading to the establishment of the parasitic relationship and contributing to disease development. these factors are known as virulence factors which favor the infection process and the pathogenesis of the mycoses. the present study evaluates the virulence factors of pathogenic fungi such as blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoforma ... | 1998 | 9830725 |
| endemic fungal pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. | the endemic fungi histoplasma capsulatum, coccidioides immitis, and blastomyces dermatitidis tend to reside in specific geographic regions. the organisms are pathogenic in that they are able to produce clinical disease in both immunocompromised patients and in patients with normal immunity. these organisms have a variety of clinical presentations, some of which typically are seen in the normal host and others that are primarily encountered in persons with abnormal immunity. although most of the ... | 1999 | 9894949 |
| cutaneous blastomycosis. report of a case with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology. | blastomycosis is rare in india. clinically, cutaneous blastomycosis may be mistaken for keratoacanthoma, squamous cell carcinoma, tuberculosis, tertiary syphilis, leprosy or pyoderma. | 1997 | 9990265 |
| targeted gene disruption reveals an adhesin indispensable for pathogenicity of blastomyces dermatitidis. | systemic fungal infections are becoming more common and difficult to treat, yet the pathogenesis of these infectious diseases remains poorly understood. in many cases, pathogenicity can be attributed to the ability of the fungi to adhere to target tissues, but the lack of tractable genetic systems has limited progress in understanding and interfering with the offending fungal products. in blastomyces dermatitidis, the agent of blastomycosis, a respiratory and disseminated mycosis of people and a ... | 1999 | 10209038 |
| endemic mycoses: a treatment update. | endemic mycoses remain a major public health problem in several countries and they are becoming increasingly frequent with the spread of hiv infection. amphotericin b remains the drug of choice during the acute stage of life-threatening endemic mycoses occurring in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. ketoconazole is effective in non-aids patients with non-life-threatening histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, or paracoccidioidomycosis. itraconazole is the treatment of choice for non-life- ... | 1999 | 10223586 |
| thoracic and abdominal blastomycosis in a horse. | a 5-year-old quarter horse mare was examined because of lethargy, fever, and weight loss of 1 month's duration. thoracic auscultation revealed decreased lung sounds cranioventrally. thoracic ultrasonography revealed bilateral anechoic areas with hyperechoic strands, consistent with pleural effusion and fibrin tags. a large amount of free fluid was evident during abdominal ultrasonography. abnormalities included anemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and hypoalbuminemia ... | 1999 | 10319179 |
| thoracic blastomycosis and empyema. | blastomycosis is endemic in river valley areas of the southeastern and midwestern united states. pulmonary manifestations include chronic cough and pleuritic pain. radiographic appearance of the infection can mimic bronchogenic lung carcinoma. pleural effusion is rarely associated with this pulmonary infection, and empyema has not been previously reported. we report a case of pulmonary and pleural blastomyces dermatitidis infection presenting as empyema thoracis. diagnosis and treatment were att ... | 1999 | 10323175 |
| "giant" blastoconidia of candida albicans: morphologic presentation and concepts regarding their production. | candida albicans normally produces blastoconidia measuring 2 to 8 microns in diameter. markedly enlarged "giant" (approximately 30 microns) blastoconidia of a c. albicans isolate (designated bh) were observed after growth on commercially prepared chocolate agar already supplemented with isovitalex (bbl-microbiology systems, cockeysville, md, usa). morphologically, "giant" blastoconidia presented a spectrum of forms such as blastoconidia with linear creases, with a single broad-based bud resembli ... | 1999 | 10342104 |
| fatal visceral and neural sarcocystosis in dogs. | this paper describes acute visceral and neural sarcocystosis in four dogs. one animal was simultaneously infected with distemper virus, and another with blastomyces dermatitidis. schizonts and merozoites of sarcocystis canis were found in the lesions. 1999 w.b. saunders and company ltd. | 1999 | 10405310 |
| the in vitro isolation of blastomyces dermatitidis from a woodpile in north central wisconsin, usa. | environmental isolations of the dimorphic fungus, blastomyces dermatitidis, the aetiologic agent of blastomycosis are rare, and have usually involved animal inoculation techniques. we report the in vitro isolation of b. dermatitidis from a woodpile in november 1997, from a private property in a highly endemic area of north central wisconsin, usa. the woodpile was 73 m from the wisconsin river and 5 m from a kennel which had housed nine dogs over the past 14 years, four of which had been diagnose ... | 1999 | 10421847 |
| oral itraconazole therapy for superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic infections. a panoramic view. | the availability of the oral triazole agents itraconazole and fluconazole has revolutionized antifungal therapy. although there are still some limitations and treatment failures, these agents have allowed for improved efficacy, increased safety, reduced morbidity, decreased mortality from systemic fungal disease, and a shift toward increased outpatient therapy for fungal infections that are not life-threatening. the treatment of superficial infections also has been enhanced by the development of ... | 1999 | 10492666 |
| blastomyces dermatitidis occurring as an isolated cerebellar mass. | although abundant in nature, fungi are infrequently pathogenic in humans. cns fungal infections in non-immunocompromised individuals are uncommon. we discuss here the case of an otherwise healthy black woman with an isolated mass of the cerebellopontine angle identified as blastomyces dermatitidis, successfully treated with surgical resection of the mass and intravenous amphotericin b therapy. | 1999 | 10547020 |
| the effect of canine macrophages on the adherence and growth of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast: evidence of a soluble factor that enhances the growth of b. dermatitidis yeast. | blastomycosis is a medically important systemic fungal infection of dogs and humans. phagocytic cells are the first line of cellular defence against b. dermatitidis, and are a prominent feature in the lesions and exudate of canine blastomycosis. the adherence of b. dermatitidis yeast to canine phagocytes, and the effects of such adherence on the growth of b. dermatitidis yeast, has not been previously reported. the results of this study demonstrate that canine complement enhances the adherence o ... | 1999 | 10588912 |
| pulmonary infection caused by gymnascella hyalinospora in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. | we report the first case of invasive pulmonary infection caused by the thermotolerant ascomycetous fungus gymnascella hyalinospora in a 43-year-old female from the rural midwestern united states. the patient was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia and treated with induction chemotherapy. she was discharged in stable condition with an absolute neutrophil count of 100 cells per microliter. four days after discharge, she presented to the cancer clinic with fever and pancytopenia. a solitary p ... | 2000 | 10618119 |
| t-cell epitopes and human leukocyte antigen restriction elements of an immunodominant antigen of blastomyces dermatitidis. | humans infected with the dimorphic fungus blastomyces dermatitidis develop strong t-lymphocyte responses to wi-1, an immunodominant antigen that has been shown to elicit protective immunity in mice. in the present study, the t-cell epitopes of wi-1 and human leukocyte antigen (hla) restricting elements that display them were investigated. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 37 patients with a confirmed history of blastomycosis were tested for a response to wi-1 in primary proliferatio ... | 2000 | 10639410 |
| molecular epidemiology of blastomyces dermatitidis. | the inhalation of conidia of blastomyces dermatitidis, a fungus found in soil, causes disease in humans and animals. we studied the genetic diversity of this pathogen by extracting dna yeasts and analyzing them with a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based typing system we developed, which used restriction fragment analysis of amplicons from the regions between the rdna repeats and allowed us to class isolates into 3 major groups. strains were further differentiated by use of pcr fingerprinting w ... | 2000 | 10671337 |
| cell wall biogenesis of blastomyces dermatitidis. evidence for a novel mechanism of cell surface localization of a virulence-associated adhesin via extracellular release and reassociation with cell wall chitin. | pathogenic yeast of blastomyces dermatitidis express a surface protein adhesin, wi-1. due to the crucial role of wi-1 in adherence and disease pathogenesis, we investigated how the protein localizes to the surface of b. dermatitidis. wi-1 released extracellularly by wild-type yeast coated the surfaces of co-cultured knockout yeast within 3 h of incubation, implying that secreted wi-1 provides a pathway for loading the protein onto the yeast cell wall. in radioligand binding assays, purified wi-1 ... | 2000 | 10713109 |
| expanding epidemiology of blastomycosis: clinical features and investigation of 2 cases in colorado. | on the basis of case reports of blastomycosis, blastomyces dermatitidis is widely accepted to be endemic in the central united states in and around the ohio and mississippi river valleys. blastomycosis also occurs in parts of canada and in the southeastern united states. however, there has been no large-scale skin testing, and the environmental range of b. dermatitidis may have been underestimated. we describe 2 immunocompetent patients with blastomycosis acquired while working in the front rang ... | 2000 | 10722448 |
| meningoencephalitis due to blastomyces dermatitidis: case report and literature review. | infection of the central nervous system by blastomyces dermatitidis is a rare cause of meningoencephalitis. the existence of exclusive clinical infection of the meninges in the absence of pulmonary or other foci of infection has been debated. we describe a 20-year-old man presenting with meningoencephalitis caused by b dermatitidis. blastomycotic infection was confirmed by isolation of the organism from brain tissue obtained at biopsy. magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated progressive enhancem ... | 2000 | 10761497 |
| canine antibody response to blastomyces dermatitidis wi-1 antigen. | to assess whether dogs with blastomycosis produce antibodies against the wi-1 and a-antigens of blastomyces dermatitidis and whether the antibodies are useful in serodiagnosis. | 2000 | 10803652 |
| in vitro activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b against blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, and histoplasma capsulatum. | the in vitro activity of voriconazole was compared to those of itraconazole and amphotericin b against the mold forms of 304 isolates of three dimorphic fungi, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, and histoplasma capsulatum. mics were determined by a broth microdilution adaptation of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards m27-a procedure. rpmi 1640 medium was used for tests with voriconazole and itraconazole, whereas antibiotic medium 3 with 2% glucose was used for a ... | 2000 | 10817743 |
| murine models of blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis. | animal models have contributed much to the knowledge of fungal infections and their corresponding therapeutic treatments. this is true for animal models of the primary fungal pathogens, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, and histoplasma capsulatum. this review gives a brief background of human diseases associated with these organisms and describes the development, details, and utility of murine models of blastomycosis, as well as coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. | 1999 | 10822504 |
| investigation of anti-wi-1 adhesin antibody-mediated protection in experimental pulmonary blastomycosis. | infection with blastomyces dermatitidis elicits strong antibody responses to the surface adhesin wi-1. the antibodies are directed chiefly against the adhesive domain, a 25-amino-acid repeat. tandem-repeat-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were studied for their opsonic activity in vitro and their capacity to adoptively transfer protection in murine experimental blastomycosis. mabs to wi-1 enhanced binding and entry of b. dermatitidis yeasts into j774. 16 cells but did not enhance killing or ... | 2000 | 10823774 |
| histopathological evidence of north american blastomycosis in italy: report of two cases. | no clinical reports of blastomycosis in italy have been published until now. we here report two cases of histologically diagnosed, unexpected cutaneous involvement in patients, aged 78 and 52 years, living in north italy and never having been abroad. the histological differential diagnosis between blastomycosis and other fungal pathogens is discussed. even in the absence of culture the present cases can confidently be considered as genuine examples of blastomyces dermatitidis infection in italy. | 2000 | 10843414 |
| dimorphism in histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 2000 | 10863674 |
| yeast tissue phase of emmonsia pasteuriana inoculated in golden hamster by intratesticular way. | the scope of our study was to present an experimental model reproducing the dimorphic yeast-like population (as for histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis) similar to that observed in the cutaneous biopsy of an italian woman who had never traveled abroad, being intravenous drug user and hiv positive for 10 years, finally infected with the new dimorphic fungus emmonsia pasteuriana. experimental inoculation was unsuccessful by intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravenous (i.v.) ways in a mouse ... | 1999 | 10865897 |
| antifungal activity of the new azole uk-109, 496 (voriconazole). | the in vitro activity of voriconazole fully includes aspergillus, and also emerging moulds like fusarium, pseudallescheria boydii, and penicillium marneffei. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole for candida krusei and candida glabrata, which are resistant or less susceptible to fluconazole, promise clinical efficacy, although they are ten times higher (0.30-0.39 microgram/ml) than those for candida albicans and other candida spp. (0.001-0.05 microgram/ml). the endemic fungal pat ... | 1999 | 10865910 |
| diploid strains of the pathogenic basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans are thermally dimorphic. | cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic human pathogenic fungus with a defined sexual cycle. clinical and environmental isolates of c. neoformans are haploid, and the diploid stage of the lifecycle is thought to be transient and unstable. in contrast, we find that diploid strains are readily obtained following genetic crosses of congenic matalpha and mata strains. at 37 degrees c, the diploid strains grow as yeast cells with a single nucleus that is larger than a haploid nucleus, contains a ... | 2000 | 10882532 |
| comparison of an established antibody sandwich method with an inhibition method of histoplasma capsulatum antigen detection. | the histoplasma antigen immunoassay utilizes an antibody sandwich method that provides a rapid and reliable means of diagnosing the more severe forms of histoplasmosis. inhibition assays have been developed for antigen detection and offer at least one potential advantage, namely, reduced antibody requirements. we have developed an inhibition assay using the polyclonal antibody employed in our standard sandwich assay. urine and serum specimens from patients with culture-proven histoplasmosis and ... | 2000 | 10921949 |