| long noncoding mirna gene represses wheat β-diketone waxes. | the cuticle of terrestrial plants functions as a protective barrier against many biotic and abiotic stresses. in wheat and other triticeae, β-diketone waxes are major components of the epicuticular layer leading to the bluish-white glaucous trait in reproductive-age plants. glaucousness in durum wheat is controlled by a metabolic gene cluster at the wax1 (w1) locus and a dominant suppressor inhibitor of wax1 (iw1) on chromosome 2b. the wheat d subgenome from progenitor aegilops tauschii contains ... | 2017 | 28351975 |
| quantitation of the immunodominant 33-mer peptide from α-gliadin in wheat flours by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. | coeliac disease (cd) is triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins from wheat, rye, and barley. the 33-mer peptide from α2-gliadin has frequently been described as the most important cd-immunogenic sequence within gluten. however, from more than 890 published amino acid sequences of α-gliadins, only 19 sequences contain the 33-mer. in order to make a precise assessment of the importance of the 33-mer, it is necessary to elucidate which wheat species and cultivars contain the peptide and at wh ... | 2017 | 28327674 |
| validation and application of a quantitative real-time pcr assay to detect common wheat adulteration of durum wheat for pasta production. | pasta is the italian product par excellence and it is now popular worldwide. pasta of a superior quality is made with pure durum wheat. in italy, addition of triticum aestivum (common wheat) during manufacturing is not allowed and, without adequate labeling, its presence is considered an adulteration. pcr-related techniques can be employed for the detection of common wheat contaminations. in this work, we demonstrated that a previously published method for the detection of t. aestivum, based on ... | 2017 | 28159297 |
| comparative germination responses to water potential across different populations of aegilops geniculata and cultivar varieties of triticum durum and triticum aestivum. | crop wild relatives are often used to improve crop quality and yields because they contain genetically important traits that can contribute to stress resistance and adaptation. seed germination of different populations of aegilops geniculata roth collected along a latitudinal gradient was studied under different drought stress in order to find populations suitable for improving drought tolerance in wheat. different accessions of aegilops neglecta req. ex bertol., triticum aestivum l. and t. duru ... | 2017 | 27917571 |
| genome-wide association mapping reveals novel qtl for seedling leaf rust resistance in a worldwide collection of winter wheat. | leaf rust of wheat ( l.) is a major disease that causes significant yield losses worldwide. the short-lived nature of leaf rust resistance () genes necessitates a continuous search for novel sources of resistance. we performed a genome-wide association study (gwas) on a panel of 1596 wheat accessions. the panel was evaluated for leaf rust reaction by testing with a bulk of eriks. () isolates collected from multiple fields of oklahoma in 2013 and two predominant races in the fields of oklahoma in ... | 2016 | 27902805 |
| qtl mapping identifies a major locus for resistance in wheat to sunn pest (eurygaster integriceps) feeding at the vegetative growth stage. | this research provides the first report of a major locus controlling wheat resistance to sunn pest. it developed and validated snp markers that will be useful for marker-assisted selection. sunn pest (eurygaster integriceps puton) is the most destructive insect pest of bread wheat and durum wheat in west and central asia and east europe. breeding for resistance at the vegetative stage of growth is vital in reducing the damage caused by overwintered adult populations that feed on shoot and leaves ... | 2017 | 27744491 |
| qtl mapping of fusarium head blight resistance in three related durum wheat populations. | the qtl fhb1 was successfully introgressed and validated in three durum wheat populations. the novel germplasm and the qtl detected will support improvement of fusarium resistance in durum wheat. durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) is particularly susceptible to fusarium head blight (fhb) and breeding for resistance is hampered by limited genetic variation within this species. to date, resistant sources are mainly available in a few wild relative tetraploid wheat accessions. in this study, the ef ... | 2017 | 27662843 |
| efficient and transgene-free genome editing in wheat through transient expression of crispr/cas9 dna or rna. | editing plant genomes is technically challenging in hard-to-transform plants and usually involves transgenic intermediates, which causes regulatory concerns. here we report two simple and efficient genome-editing methods in which plants are regenerated from callus cells transiently expressing crispr/cas9 introduced as dna or rna. this transient expression-based genome-editing system is highly efficient and specific for producing transgene-free and homozygous wheat mutants in the t0 generation. w ... | 2016 | 27558837 |
| metabolic acclimation of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats by cold stress-induced carbohydrate accumulation. | metabolic acclimation of plants to cold stress may be of great importance for their growth, survival and crop productivity. the accumulation carbohydrates associated with cold tolerance (ct), transcript levels for genes encoding related enzymes along with damage indices were comparatively studied in three genotypes of bread and durum wheats differing in sensitivity. two (norstar, bread wheat and gerdish, durum wheat) were tolerant and the other, srn (durum wheat), was susceptible to cold stress. ... | 2016 | 27500556 |
| systematic investigation of flowering locus t-like poaceae gene families identifies the short-day expressed flowering pathway gene, taft3 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | to date, a small number of major flowering time loci have been identified in the related triticeae crops, bread wheat (triticum aestivum), durum wheat (t. durum), and barley (hordeum vulgare). natural genetic variants at these loci result in major phenotypic changes which have adapted crops to the novel environments encountered during the spread of agriculture. the polyploid nature of bread and durum wheat means that major flowering time loci in which recessive alleles confer adaptive advantage ... | 2016 | 27458461 |
| characterization of two hkt1;4 transporters from triticum monococcum to elucidate the determinants of the wheat salt tolerance nax1 qtl. | tmhkt1;4-a1 and tmhkt1;4-a2 are two na+ transporter genes that have been identified as associated with the salt tolerance nax1 locus found in a durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum) line issued from a cross with t. monococcum. in the present study, we were interested in getting clues on the molecular mechanisms underpinning this salt tolerance quantitative trait locus (qtl). by analyzing the phylogenetic relationships between wheat and t. monococcum hkt1;4-type genes, we found that dur ... | 2016 | 27440547 |
| ancestral qtl alleles from wild emmer wheat improve drought resistance and productivity in modern wheat cultivars. | wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is considered a promising source for improving stress resistances in domesticated wheat. here we explored the potential of selected quantitative trait loci (qtls) from wild emmer wheat, introgressed via marker-assisted selection, to enhance drought resistance in elite durum (t. turgidum ssp. durum) and bread (t. aestivum) wheat cultivars. the resultant near-isogenic lines (bc3f3 and bc3f4) were genotyped using snp array to confirm the introgr ... | 2016 | 27148287 |
| prioritizing quantitative trait loci for root system architecture in tetraploid wheat. | optimization of root system architecture (rsa) traits is an important objective for modern wheat breeding. linkage and association mapping for rsa in two recombinant inbred line populations and one association mapping panel of 183 elite durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum desf.) accessions evaluated as seedlings grown on filter paper/polycarbonate screening plates revealed 20 clusters of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for root length and number, as well as 30 qtls for root growth angle ... | 2016 | 26880749 |
| [glycemic index of two varieties of pasta and two varieties of rice]. | the ig has been extensively studied as an indicator of the physiological effects of a carbohydrate meal with applications in the management and prevention of diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity. a standard assay was performed to measure the glycemic index (gi) of two significant sources of carbohydrates following the world health organization (who) recommended methodology, determining the incremental area under the blood glucose response curve of a 50g carbohydrate portion of the test food compar ... | 2015 | 26817379 |
| (gaa)n microsatellite as an indicator of the a genome reorganization during wheat evolution and domestication. | although the wheat a genomes have been intensively studied over past decades, many questions concerning the mechanisms of their divergence and evolution still remain unsolved. in the present study we performed comparative analysis of the a genome chromosomes in diploid (triticum urartu tumanian ex gandilyan, 1972, triticum boeoticum boissier, 1874 and triticum monococcum linnaeus, 1753) and polyploid wheat species representing two evolutionary lineages, timopheevi (triticum timopheevii (zhukovsk ... | 2015 | 26753073 |
| introgression of genes from bread wheat enhances the aluminium tolerance of durum wheat. | the aluminium tolerance of durum wheat was markedly enhanced by introgression of taalmt1 and tamate1b from bread wheat. in contrast to bread wheat, tamate1b conferred greater aluminium tolerance than taalmt1. durum wheat (tetraploid aabb, triticum turgidum) is a species that grows poorly on acid soils due to its sensitivity of al(3+). by contrast, bread wheat (hexaploid aabbdd, t. aestivum) shows a large variation in al(3+) tolerance which can be attributed to a major gene (taalmt1) located on c ... | 2016 | 26747046 |
| root uptake and translocation of nickel in wheat as affected by histidine. | the role of histidine (his) on root uptake, xylem loading and root to shoot transport of nickel (ni) was investigated in a winter (triticum aestivum cv. back cross) and a durum wheat (triticum durum cv. durum) cultivar. seedlings were grown in a modified johnson nutrient solution and exposed to 10 μm of ni and 100 μm of histidine (his) as no his, ni (10) + his (100) and ni(his) in a 1:1 mole ratio (1:1) complex. in our study, the presence of vanadate (a metabolic inhibitor) resulted in a signifi ... | 2015 | 26162706 |
| quantitative rt-pcr platform to measure transcript levels of c and n metabolism-related genes in durum wheat: transcript profiles in elevated [co2] and high temperature at different levels of n supply. | only limited public transcriptomics resources are available for durum wheat and its responses to environmental changes. we developed a quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (qrt-pcr) platform for analysing the expression of primary c and n metabolism genes in durum wheat in leaves (125 genes) and roots (38 genes), based on available bread wheat genes and the identification of orthologs of known genes in other species. we also assessed the expression stability of seven reference genes for qrt-pc ... | 2015 | 26063390 |
| impact of the d genome and quantitative trait loci on quantitative traits in a spring durum by spring bread wheat cross. | the impact of the d genome and qtl in the a and b genomes on agronomic performance of hexaploid wheat and tetraploid durum was determined using novel recombinant inbred line populations derived from interploid crosses. genetic differences between common hexaploid (6x) bread wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, genome, aabbdd) and tetraploid (4x) durum wheat (t. turgidum subsp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28, genome, aabb) may exist due to effects of the d genome and allelic differences at loci in the a ... | 2015 | 26037088 |
| developing and validating a high-throughput assay for salinity tissue tolerance in wheat and barley. | leaf tissue tolerance was strongly and positively correlated with overall salt tolerance in barley, but not in wheat where the inability of sensitive varieties to exclude na(+) is compensated by their better ability to handle na(+) accumulated in the shoot via tissue tolerance mechanisms. a new high-throughput assay was developed to use the excised leaves to eliminate the confounding contribution of sodium exclusion mechanisms and evaluate genetic variability in salinity tissue tolerance in a la ... | 2015 | 25991439 |
| transcriptomic analysis of wheat near-isogenic lines identifies pm19-a1 and a2 as candidates for a major dormancy qtl. | next-generation sequencing technologies provide new opportunities to identify the genetic components responsible for trait variation. however, in species with large polyploid genomes, such as bread wheat, the ability to rapidly identify genes underlying quantitative trait loci (qtl) remains non-trivial. to overcome this, we introduce a novel pipeline that analyses, by rna-sequencing, multiple near-isogenic lines segregating for a targeted qtl. | 2015 | 25962727 |
| compound-specific δ¹⁵n and δ¹³c analyses of amino acids for potential discrimination between organically and conventionally grown wheat. | we present a study deploying compound-specific nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis of amino acids to discriminate between organically and conventionally grown plants. we focused on grain samples of common wheat and durum wheat grown using synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, animal manures, or green manures from nitrogen-fixing legumes. the measurement of amino acid δ(15)n and δ(13)c values, after protein hydrolysis and derivatization, was carried out using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope rati ... | 2015 | 25959490 |
| lutein and lutein esters in whole grain flours made from 75 genotypes of 5 triticum species grown at multiple sites. | concentrations of lutein and lutein esters were determined in an ample collection of 75 wheat genotypes comprising bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), durum (triticum durum desf.), spelt (triticum spelta l.), emmer (triticum dicoccum schrank), and einkorn (triticum monococcum l.) grown in five different environments. einkorn genotypes showed the highest total amounts of lutein (4.5-7.8 μg/g dry matter), followed by durum (2.0-4.6 μg/g), spelt (0.9-2.0 μg/g), emmer (0.8-1.9 μg/g), and bread wheat ... | 2015 | 25946219 |
| allergen relative abundance in several wheat varieties as revealed via a targeted quantitative approach using ms. | food allergy has become a major health issue in developed countries, therefore there is an urgent need to develop analytical methods able to detect and quantify with a good sensitivity and reliability some specific allergens in complex food matrices. in this paper, we present a targeted ms/ms approach to compare the relative abundance of the major recognized wheat allergens in the salt-soluble (albumin/globulin) fraction of wheat grains. twelve allergens were quantified in seven wheat varieties, ... | 2015 | 25764008 |
| [characteristics of alpha-amylase isozymes in cytologenetically different wheat cultivars]. | the isoenzyme composition of alpha-amylase is studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in tris-glycine (ph 8.3) system in wheat cultivars with different genome composition. we show that durum wheat (triticum durum, 2n=4x=28, bbaa) lacks the isoenzymes encoded by 6d and 7d chromosomes that are present in common wheat zymograms (triticum aestivum, 2n=6x=42, bbaadd). a similar pattern is observed in a synthetic allohexaploid carrying the bbaa genomes of wheat and the hchhch genome of barley (h ... | 2014 | 25720140 |
| ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of durum wheat contamination or adulteration. | in this work, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization (uplc-esi)-ms/ms methodology based on multiple reaction monitoring (mrm) for the selective and sensitive detection and quantification of durum wheat adulteration has been developed and fully validated. the targeted analysis was performed by monitoring specific transitions at m/z 543.7 > 657.4 and m/z 543.7 > 299.2 of a species-specific marker derived from a tryptic peptide of puroindoline a (pin-a), a cysteine-rich ... | 2014 | 25476941 |
| [comparative characteristic of triticum aestivum/triticum durum and triticum aestivum/triticum dicoccum hybrid lines by genomic composition and resistance to fungal diseases under different environmental conditions]. | the genetic diversity of common wheat hybrid lines triticum aestivum/triticum durum and triticum aestivum/triticum dicoccum (2n = 42, f(6-7)) using chromosome-specific microsatellite (ssr) markers and c-staining of chromosomes was studied. cluster analysis of data obtained by 42 ssr markers indicated that the hybrid lines can be broken into three groups according to their origin. there were two cases of complete genetic similarity between lines 183(2)-2/184(1)-6 and-208-3/213-1, which were obtai ... | 2013 | 25470928 |
| a high-density, snp-based consensus map of tetraploid wheat as a bridge to integrate durum and bread wheat genomics and breeding. | consensus linkage maps are important tools in crop genomics. we have assembled a high-density tetraploid wheat consensus map by integrating 13 data sets from independent biparental populations involving durum wheat cultivars (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), cultivated emmer (t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum) and their ancestor (wild emmer, t. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides). the consensus map harboured 30 144 markers (including 26 626 snps and 791 ssrs) half of which were present in at least two component ma ... | 2015 | 25424506 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of erf1, an ethylene response factor gene from durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum), potentially involved in salt-stress responses. | as food crop, wheat is of prime importance for human society. nevertheless, our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling wheat productivity conditions has been, so far, hampered by the lack of sufficient genomic resources. the present work describes the isolation and characterization of tderf1, an erf gene from durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum). the structural features of tderf1 supported the hypothesis that it is a novel member of the erf family in durum w ... | 2014 | 25205575 |
| genetic variability in anthocyanin composition and nutritional properties of blue, purple, and red bread (triticum aestivum l.) and durum (triticum turgidum l. ssp. turgidum convar. durum) wheats. | renewed interest in breeding for high anthocyanins in wheat (triticum ssp.) is due to their antioxidant potential. a collection of different pigmented wheats was used to investigate the stability of anthocyanins over three crop years. the data show higher anthocyanins in blue-aleurone bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), followed by purple- and red-pericarp durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. turgidum convar. durum), using cyanidin 3-o-glucoside as standard. hplc of the anthocyanin components ... | 2014 | 25130676 |
| durum and bread wheat differ in their ability to retain potassium in leaf mesophyll: implications for salinity stress tolerance. | understanding the intrinsic mechanisms involved in the differential salinity tolerance between bread wheat and durum wheat is essential for breeding salt-tolerant varieties to cope with the global salinity issue threatening future food supply. in the past, higher salinity tolerance in bread wheat compared with durum wheat has been attributed to its better ability to exclude na(+) from uptake. here we show that another mechanism, namely more superior k(+) retention ability in the leaf mesophyll, ... | 2014 | 25104542 |
| characterization of ferredoxin-dependent glutamine-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (fd-gogat) genes and their relationship with grain protein content qtl in wheat. | in higher plants, inorganic nitrogen is assimilated via the glutamate synthase cycle or gs-gogat pathway. gogat enzyme occurs in two distinct forms that use nadh (nadh-gogat) or fd (fd-gogat) as electron carriers. the goal of the present study was to characterize wheat fd-gogat genes and to assess the linkage with grain protein content (gpc), an important quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. | 2014 | 25099972 |
| wheat and barley dehydrins under cold, drought, and salinity - what can lea-ii proteins tell us about plant stress response? | dehydrins as a group of late embryogenesis abundant ii proteins represent important dehydration-inducible proteins whose accumulation is induced by developmental processes (embryo maturation) as well as by several abiotic stress factors (low temperatures, drought, salinity). in the review, an overview of studies aimed at investigation of dehydrin accumulation patterns at transcript and protein levels as well as their possible functions in common wheat (triticum aestivum), durum wheat (t. durum), ... | 2014 | 25071816 |
| evolution of the bbaa component of bread wheat during its history at the allohexaploid level. | subgenome integrity in bread wheat (triticum aestivum; bbaadd) makes possible the extraction of its bbaa component to restitute a novel plant type. the availability of such a ploidy-reversed wheat (extracted tetraploid wheat [etw]) provides a unique opportunity to address whether and to what extent the bbaa component of bread wheat has been modified in phenotype, karyotype, and gene expression during its evolutionary history at the allohexaploid level. we report here that etw was anomalous in mu ... | 2014 | 24989045 |
| cytogenetic and molecular identification of a wheat-leymus mollis alien multiple substitution line from octoploid tritileymus x triticum durum. | leymus mollis (trin.) pilger (nsnsxmxm, 2n = 28), a wild relative of common wheat, possesses many traits that are potentially valuable for wheat improvement. in order to exploit and utilize the useful genes of l. mollis, we developed a multiple alien substitution line, 10dm50, from the progenies of octoploid tritileymus m842-16 x triticum durum cv. d4286. genomic in situ hybridization analysis of mitosis and meiosis (metaphase i), using labeled total dna of psathyrostachys huashanica as probe, s ... | 2014 | 24938601 |
| biochemical and functional properties of wheat gliadins: a review. | gliadins account for 40-50% of the total storage proteins of wheat and are classified into four subcategories, α-, β-, γ-, and ω-gliadins. they have also been classified as ω5-, ω1, 2-, α/β-, and γ-gliadins on the basis of their primary structure and molecular weight. cysteine residues of gliadins mainly form intramolecular disulfide bonds, although α-gliadins with odd numbers of cysteine residues have also been reported. gliadins are generally regarded to possess globular protein structure, tho ... | 2015 | 24915383 |
| relationship between lutein and mycotoxin content in durum wheat. | levels of lutein and a number of mycotoxins were determined in seven varieties of durum wheat (triticum durum) and two varieties of common wheat (triticum aestivum) in order to explore possible relationships amongst these components. durum wheat cultivars always showed both higher lutein and mycotoxin contents than common wheat cultivars. the mycotoxins detected in both common and durum wheat cultivars were produced by the genera fusarium, claviceps, alternaria and aspergillus. fusarium was the ... | 2014 | 24844356 |
| [alleles at storage protein loci in triticum spelta l. accessions and their occurrence in related wheats]. | variation at eight storage protein loci was analyzed in the collection of t. spelta accessions from the national centre of plant genetic resources of ukraine, most of which are european spelts. the analysis allowed identification of seven alleles at the gli-b1 locus, five alleles at the gli-a1 and glu-b1 loci, three alleles at the gli-a3 locus, two at the gli-d1, gli-b5, glu-a1, and glu-d1 loci. the majority of alleles are encountered among common wheat cultivars, only five alleles were specific ... | 2014 | 24791472 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of a wheat - leymus mollis 3d(3ns) substitution line with resistance to leaf rust. | leymus mollis (trin.) pilger (nsnsxmxm, 2n = 28), a wild relative of common wheat, possesses many potentially valuable traits that could be transferred to common wheat during breeding programs. in this study, the karyotypic constitution of a wheat - l. mollis 3d(3ns#1) disomic substitution line isolated from the f5 progeny of octoploid tritileymus m842-16 × triticum durum cv. d4286, which was designated as 10dm57, was determined using genomic in situ hybridization (gish), fluorescent in situ hyb ... | 2014 | 24780618 |
| introgression of a 4d chromosomal fragment into durum wheat confers aluminium tolerance. | aluminium (al(3+)) inhibits root growth of sensitive plant species and is a key factor that limits durum wheat (triticum turgidum) production on acid soils. the aim of this study was to enhance the al(3+) tolerance of an elite durum cultivar by introgression of a chromosomal fragment from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) that possesses an al(3+) tolerance gene. | 2014 | 24737716 |
| comparative analysis of physio-biochemical responses to cold stress in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. | the cellular changes induced by cold stress (cs) include responses that lead to oxidative stress and limits plant growth, metabolism, and productivity. in this study, responses of physio-biochemical to cs phases were comparatively studied in three genotypes of bread and durum wheats differing in sensitivity, two of them (norstar, bread wheat and gerdish, durum wheat) were tolerant to cs and the other one, srn (durum wheat) was sensitive to cs. 14-day-old seedlings were subjected to cs (12 and 24 ... | 2014 | 24691928 |
| symplastic and apoplastic uptake and root to shoot translocation of nickel in wheat as affected by exogenous amino acids. | this study investigated the effect of exogenous amino acids on apoplastic and symplastic uptake and root to shoot translocation of nickel (ni) in two wheat cultivars. seedlings of a bread (triticum aestivum cv. back cross) and a durum wheat cultivar (t. durum cv. durum) were grown in a modified johnson nutrient solution and exposed to two levels (50 and 100 μm) of histidine, glycine, and glutamine. application of amino acids resulted in increasing symplastic to apoplastic ni ratio in roots of bo ... | 2014 | 24655389 |
| quality determination of wheat: genetic determination, biochemical markers, seed storage proteins - bread and durum wheat germplasm. | quality is an important determinant in wheat breeding since its genetic background is less affected by the environment and sufficiently influences the commercial value of a cultivar. thus, if a certain cultivar possesses some specific allele combination at crucial loci, then it appears quite possible to exhibit valuable qualitative traits in terms of end-product quality. this is also true if either durum or bread wheat germplasm is involved. | 2014 | 24497330 |
| determination compliance abilities of some triticale varieties and comparison with wheat in southeastern anatolia conditions of turkey. | in this research, were used 3 triticale varieties (tacettinbey, karma 2000 and presto), one durum (sariçanak 98) and one bread (nurkent) wheat varieties. the study, was randomized as complete block design with four replications in 4 location (southeastern anatolia of turkey) and under rainfed conditions during the growing season 2010-2011. with an analysis of variance, significant differences were determined among locations, genotypes and genotype x location interactions at the 1% and 5% level. ... | 2014 | 26072587 |
| quantitative and qualitative differences in celiac disease epitopes among durum wheat varieties identified through deep rna-amplicon sequencing. | wheat gluten is important for the industrial quality of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (t. turgidum l.). gluten proteins are also the source of immunogenic peptides that can trigger a t cell reaction in celiac disease (cd) patients, leading to inflammatory responses in the small intestine. various peptides with three major t cell epitopes involved in cd are derived from alpha-gliadin fraction of gluten. alpha-gliadins are encoded by a large multigene family and amino acid var ... | 2013 | 24354426 |
| structural-functional dissection and characterization of yield-contributing traits originating from a group 7 chromosome of the wheatgrass species thinopyrum ponticum after transfer into durum wheat. | for the first time, using chromosome engineering of durum wheat, the underlying genetic determinants of a yield-improving segment from thinopyrum ponticum (7agl) were dissected. three durum wheat-th. ponticum near-isogenic recombinant lines (nirls), with distal portions of their 7al arm (fractional lengths 0.77, 0.72, and 0.60) replaced by alien chromatin, were field-tested for two seasons under rainfed conditions. yield traits and other agronomic characteristics of the main shoot and whole plan ... | 2014 | 24319256 |
| genetic transformation of wheat via particle bombardment. | since its first invention in the late 1980s the particle gun has evolved from a basic gunpowder driven machine firing tungsten particles to one more refined which uses helium gas as the propellant to launch alternative heavy metal particles such as gold and silver. the simple principle is that dna-coated microscopic particles (microcarriers) are accelerated at high speed by helium gas within a vacuum and travel at such a velocity as to penetrate target cells. however, the process itself involves ... | 2014 | 24243206 |
| treatment process and toxicities assessment of wastewater issued from anaerobic digestion of household wastes. | modern society grapples with large amounts of household waste. the anaerobic digestion of this waste offers a promising source for energy-rich biogas production but generates high toxic effluents that require treatment before reuse or disposal into the environment. this study aimed to investigate three techniques, namely coagulation/flocculation, electro-coagulation, and activated sludge, in terms of efficiency in the treatment of these effluents. it also aimed to assess their toxicity effects o ... | 2014 | 24072641 |
| structural analysis of the wheat genes encoding nadh-dependent glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amidotransferases and correlation with grain protein content. | nitrogen uptake and the efficient absorption and metabolism of nitrogen are essential elements in attempts to breed improved cereal cultivars for grain or silage production. one of the enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism is glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (gogat). together with glutamine synthetase (gs), gogat maintains the flow of nitrogen from nh4 (+) into glutamine and glutamate, which are then used for several aminotransferase reactions during amino acid synthesis. | 2013 | 24069228 |
| durum wheat and allelopathy: toward wheat breeding for natural weed management. | wheat-derived foodstuffs represent about one-fifth of the calories consumed by humans worldwide. bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops throughout the world, and it has been extensively studied for its allelopathic potential. in contrast, for allelopathy in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), our knowledge is partial and fragmentary. through highlighting recent advances in using allelopathy as a crop-breeding tool, we provide an overview of allelopathy in t ... | 2013 | 24065979 |
| drought tolerance in modern and wild wheat. | the genus triticum includes bread (triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (triticum durum) and constitutes a major source for human food consumption. drought is currently the leading threat on world's food supply, limiting crop yield, and is complicated since drought tolerance is a quantitative trait with a complex phenotype affected by the plant's developmental stage. drought tolerance is crucial to stabilize and increase food production since domestication has limited the genetic diversity of crop ... | 2013 | 23766697 |
| molecular cytological characterization of two novel durum--thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids with resistance to leaf rust, stem rust and fusarium head blight. | thinopyrum intermedium, a wild relative of wheat, is an excellent source of disease resistance. two novel partial amphiploids, 08-47-50 and 08-53-55 (2n = 6x = 42), were developed from wide crosses between durum wheat and th. intermedium. meiotic analysis showed that pollen mother cells of the two partial amphiploids formed an average 20.49 bivalents for 08-47-50 and 20.67 bivalents for 08-53-55, indicating that they are basically cytologically stable. gish analysis revealed that the two partial ... | 2013 | 23489247 |
| short, natural, and extended photoperiod response in bc2f4 lines of bread wheat with different photoperiod-1 (ppd-1) alleles. | flowering is a critical period in the life cycle of flowering plant species, resulting in an irreversible commitment of significant resources. wheat is photoperiod sensitive, flowering only when daylength surpasses a critical length; however, photoperiod insensitivity (pi) has been selected by plant breeders for >40 years to enhance yield in certain environments. control of flowering time has been greatly facilitated by the development of molecular markers for the photoperiod-1 (ppd-1) homeoloci ... | 2013 | 23420880 |
| molecular markers as a complementary tool in risk assessments: quantifying interspecific gene flow from triticale to spring wheat and durum wheat. | triticale is being considered as a bioindustrial crop in canada using genetic modification. because related spring wheat (triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (t. durum) may exhibit synchronous flowering and grow in proximity, determination of interspecific gene flow when triticale is the pollen donor is necessary to evaluate potential risk. pollen-mediated gene flow risk assessments generally rely on phenotypic markers to detect hybridization but dna markers could be powerful and less ambiguous i ... | 2013 | 23389776 |
| evaluation of synthetic hexaploid wheats (derivative of durum wheats and aegilops tauschii accessions) for studying genetic diversity using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. | synthetic hexaploid (sh) wheat derived from crossing tetraploid durum wheat and diploid aegilops tauschii provide germplasm for wheat improvement as the conventional wheat varieties possess very low genetic diversity. this study aims to identify diverse sh lines which can be used in breeding programs for transferring the desired traits into bread wheat. the study was conducted on 24 sh lines using 10 pairs of randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. application of rapds showed the pres ... | 2013 | 23192610 |
| induced mutations in the starch branching enzyme ii (sbeii) genes increase amylose and resistant starch content in durum wheat. | starch is the largest component of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain and consists of approximately 70-80% amylopectin and 20-30% amylose. amylopectin is a highly-branched, readily digested polysaccharide, whereas amylose has few branches and forms complexes that resist digestion and mimic dietary fiber (resistant starch). down-regulation of the starch branching enzyme ii (sbeii) gene by rna interference (rnai) was previously shown to increase amylose content in both hexaploid and tetraploid ... | 2017 | 26924849 |
| biolistic- and agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for wheat. | after rice, wheat is considered to be the most important world food crop, and the demand for high-quality wheat flour is increasing. although there are no gm varieties currently grown, wheat is an important target for biotechnology, and we anticipate that gm wheat will be commercially available in 10-15 years. in this chapter, we summarize the main features and challenges of wheat transformation and then describe detailed protocols for the production of transgenic wheat plants both by biolistic ... | 2012 | 22610641 |
| development of high amylose wheat through tilling. | wheat (triticum spp.) is an important source of food worldwide and the focus of considerable efforts to identify new combinations of genetic diversity for crop improvement. in particular, wheat starch composition is a major target for changes that could benefit human health. starches with increased levels of amylose are of interest because of the correlation between higher amylose content and elevated levels of resistant starch, which has been shown to have beneficial effects on health for comba ... | 2012 | 22584013 |
| [genetic architecture of grain protein content in wheat]. | studies on identification and localization of quantitative traits for grain protein content (qgpc-loci) on chromosomes in triticum aestivum and triticum durum are reviewed. association of qgpc with various traits of morphology, physiology, adaptation and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stressors is shown. genetic and environmental qgpc contexts that should be taken into account when using molecular markers in breeding for the grain protein content are considered. | 2012 | 22567993 |
| effects of genotype and environment on the contents of betaine, choline, and trigonelline in cereal grains. | this study examined the environmental and genetic variation in methyl donor contents and compositions of 200 cereal genotypes. glycine betaine, choline, and trigonelline contents were determined by (1)h nmr, and significant differences were observed between cereal types (g) and across harvesting years and growing locations (e). glycine betaine was the most abundant methyl donor in all of the 200 lines grown on a single site, and concentrations ranged from 0.43 ± 0.09 mg/g dm in oats to 2.57 ± 0. ... | 2012 | 22559314 |
| photosynthetic characteristics and enzymatic antioxidant capacity of leaves from wheat cultivars exposed to drought. | two durum (triticum durum l.), barakatli-95 and garagylchyg-2; and two bread (triticum aestivum l.) wheat cultivars, azamatli-95 and giymatli-2/17 with different sensitivities to drought were grown in the field on a wide area under normal irrigation and severe water deficit. drought caused a more pronounced inhibition in photosynthetic parameters in the more sensitive cvs garagylchyg-2 and giymatli-2/17 compared with the tolerant cvs barakatli-95 and azamatli-95. upon dehydration, a decline in t ... | 2012 | 22417798 |
| wheat grain yield on saline soils is improved by an ancestral na⁺ transporter gene. | the ability of wheat to maintain a low sodium concentration ([na(+)]) in leaves correlates with improved growth under saline conditions. this trait, termed na(+) exclusion, contributes to the greater salt tolerance of bread wheat relative to durum wheat. to improve the salt tolerance of durum wheat, we explored natural diversity in shoot na(+) exclusion within ancestral wheat germplasm. previously, we showed that crossing of nax2, a gene locus in the wheat relative triticum monococcum into a com ... | 2012 | 22407351 |
| [molecular genetic characteristics of the wx-b1e allele from common wheat and applicability of the dna markers for its identification]. | molecular genetic characterization of the wx-b1e allele identified by the authors of the study in the common wheat cultivar korotyshka was performed. the 804-bp wx-b1e fragment was cloned and sequenced. comparison of the sequence obtained with that for the wild-type allele of common wheat (wx-b1a) demonstrated that wx-b1e carried the 34-bp insertion, 8-bp deletion, and 23 nucleotide substitutions. blast analysis revealed the highest homology with the nucleotide sequences of wx genes from triticu ... | 2011 | 22384689 |
| common wheat determination in durum wheat samples through lc/ms analysis of gluten peptides. | a method to detect the presence of common wheat in durum wheat flour samples was developed and tested. flour samples, or ground wheat samples, were digested by pepsin and chymotrypsin, and the peptide mixture obtained was analyzed by lc/esi-ms and lc/esi-ms/ms, which led to the identification of two marker peptides. one peptide was coded only in the dd genome, and thus present only in common wheat; the second was present in all wheat samples (both common and durum), so it was used as marker of t ... | 2012 | 22311426 |
| in vitro-cultured wheat spikes provide a simplified alternative for studies of cadmium uptake in developing grains. | an immature wheat spike culture system was used to monitor cadmium (cd) accumulation in grains, hulls and awns of bread wheat and durum wheat. immature spikes were cultured prior to anthesis in a medium containing 50 g l(-1) sucrose and 0.4 g l(-1) l-glutamine, supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 mg l(-1) cadmium chloride (cdcl(2)). grains were collected at maturity and their cd accumulation was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms). | 2012 | 22173723 |
| characterization of proteins from grain of different bread and durum wheat genotypes. | the classical osborne wheat protein fractions (albumins, globulins, gliadins, and glutenins), as well as several proteins from each of the four subunits of gliadin using sds-page analyses, were determined in the grain of five bread (t. aestivum l.) and five durum wheat (t. durum desf.) genotypes. in addition, content of tryptophan and wet gluten were analyzed. gliadins and glutenins comprise from 58.17% to 65.27% and 56.25% to 64.48% of total proteins and as such account for both quantity and qu ... | 2011 | 22016634 |
| heat damage of water biscuits from einkorn, durum and bread wheat flours. | to limit heat damage and improve the nutritional properties of bakery products, furosine, glucosylisomaltol, hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, sugars, α-amylase, β-amylase and colour were assessed during the production of water biscuits from three einkorn, three bread and one durum wheat flours. heat damage indices, colour and aw development during baking (from 25 to 75min duration) of water biscuits from one bread wheat were also studied. furosine was more abundant in durum (86.0±6.29mg/100g pro ... | 2011 | 25212158 |
| chromosomal and genome-wide molecular changes associated with initial stages of allohexaploidization in wheat can be transit and incidental. | genomic instability can be induced by nascent allopolyploidization in plants. however, most previous studies have not defined to what extent the allopolyploidy-induced rapid genomic instability represents a general response, and hence important to evolution, or merely incidental events occurring stochastically in a limited number of individuals. we report here that in a newly formed allohexaploid wheat line between tetraploid wheat triticum turgidum subsp. durum (genome bbaa) and aegilops tausch ... | 2011 | 21797821 |
| physical localization of nors and its length variants in old portuguese durum wheat cultivars. | the variation at the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of the ribosomal dna has been correlated with the number of nucleolar organizer regions (nors) in some plant species. besides, the number of nors might influence the rate of homogenization of the rdna repeats. in recent studies, its length variants were detected in bread wheat cultivars but no reports about their presence in durum wheat were found. in the present study, we localized and identified the nors of 51 old portuguese durum w ... | 2011 | 21677393 |
| allelic variation, alternative splicing and expression analysis of psy1 gene in hordeum chilense roem. et schult. | the wild barley hordeum chilense roem. et schult. is a valuable source of genes for increasing carotenoid content in wheat. tritordeums, the amphiploids derived from durum or common wheat and h. chilense, systematically show higher values of yellow pigment colour and carotenoid content than durum wheat. phytoene synthase 1 gene (psy1) is considered a key step limiting the carotenoid biosynthesis, and the correlation of psy1 transcripts accumulation and endosperm carotenoid content has been demon ... | 2011 | 21603624 |
| retention of d genome chromosomes in pentaploid wheat crosses. | the transfer of genes between triticum aestivum (hexaploid bread wheat) and t. turgidum (tetraploid durum wheat) holds considerable potential for genetic improvement of both these closely related species. five different t. aestivum/t. turgidum ssp. durum crosses were investigated using diversity arrays technology (dart) markers to determine the inheritance of parental a, b and d genome material in subsequent generations derived from these crosses. the proportions of a, b and d chromosomal segmen ... | 2011 | 21427754 |
| major genes for na+ exclusion, nax1 and nax2 (wheat hkt1;4 and hkt1;5), decrease na+ accumulation in bread wheat leaves under saline and waterlogged conditions. | two major genes for na(+) exclusion in durum wheat, nax1 and nax2, that were previously identified as the na(+) transporters tmhkt1;4-a2 and tmhkt1;5-a, were transferred into bread wheat in order to increase its capacity to restrict the accumulation of na(+) in leaves. the genes were crossed from tetraploid durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) into hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) by interspecific crossing and marker-assisted selection for hexaploid plants containing one or both g ... | 2011 | 21357768 |
| physicochemical and dough-handling characteristics of indian wheat and triticale cultivars. | four bread wheat (pbw-138, pbw-299, pbw-343 and pbw-373), two durum wheat (pdw-215 and pdw-233) and two triticale cultivars (tl-419 and tl-1210) were investigated for physicochemical, milling and dough-handling properties for predicting end-use quality. physical properties of durum wheat (pdw-215) and bread wheat (pbw-138, pbw-299 and pbw-343) cultivars were better than other wheat, durum and triticale cultivars. the compositional analysis revealed nonsignificant differences between the differen ... | 2010 | 21339155 |
| molecular characterization and functional analysis of elite genes in wheat and its related species. | the tribe triticeae includes major cereal crops (bread wheat, durum wheat, triticale, barley and rye), as well as abundant forage and lawn grasses. wheat and its wild related species possess numerous favourable genes for yield improvement, grain quality enhancement, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and constitute a giant gene pool for wheat improvement. in recent years, significant progress on molecular characterization and functional analysis of elite genes in wheat and its related species ... | 2010 | 21273706 |
| a screening method to identify genetic variation in root growth response to a salinity gradient. | salinity as well as drought are increasing problems in agriculture. durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum desf.) is relatively salt sensitive compared with bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and yields poorly on saline soil. field studies indicate that roots of durum wheat do not proliferate as extensively as bread wheat in saline soil. in order to look for genetic diversity in root growth within durum wheat, a screening method was developed to identify genetic variation in rates of root ... | 2011 | 21118825 |
| activation of the plant mitochondrial potassium channel by free fatty acids and acyl-coa esters: a possible defence mechanism in the response to hyperosmotic stress. | the effect of free fatty acids (ffas) and acyl-coa esters on k(+) uptake was studied in mitochondria isolated from durum wheat (triticum durum desf.), a species that has adapted well to the semi-arid mediterranean area and possessing a highly active mitochondrial atp-sensitive k(+) channel (pmitok(atp)), that may confer resistance to environmental stresses. this was made by swelling experiments in kcl solution under experimental conditions in which pmitok(atp) activity was monitored. linoleate a ... | 2011 | 20801915 |
| variation of resistance in barley against biotypes 1 and 2 of the russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae). | the russian wheat aphid, diruaphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, tritium aestivum l.; durum wheat, triticum turgidum l.; and barley, hordeum vulgare l. host plant resistance is the foundation for cereal insect pest management programs, and several sources of d. noxia resistance have been incorporated in cultivars to manage d. noxia damage. the emergence of d. noxia north american biotype 2 (rwa2) in colorado has made all k ... | 2010 | 20568641 |
| a comparative analysis of chromosome pairing at metaphase i in interspecific hybrids between durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) and the most widespread aegilops species. | homoeologous metaphase i (mi) associations in hybrids between durum wheat and its wild allotetraploid relatives aegilops neglecta, ae. triuncialis and ae. ventricosa have been characterized by a genomic in situ hybridization procedure that allows simultaneous discrimination of a, b and wild species genomes. earlier results in equivalent hybrids with the wild species ae. cylindrica and ae. geniculata have also been considered to comparatively assay the mi pairing pattern of the durum wheat x aegi ... | 2010 | 20551603 |
| development of genome-specific primers for homoeologous genes in allopolyploid species: the waxy and starch synthase ii genes in allohexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as examples. | in allopolypoid crops, homoeologous genes in different genomes exhibit a very high sequence similarity, especially in the coding regions of genes. this makes it difficult to design genome-specific primers to amplify individual genes from different genomes. development of genome-specific primers for agronomically important genes in allopolypoid crops is very important and useful not only for the study of sequence diversity and association mapping of genes in natural populations, but also for the ... | 2010 | 20497560 |
| sodium exclusion qtl associated with improved seedling growth in bread wheat under salinity stress. | worldwide, dryland salinity is a major limitation to crop production. breeding for salinity tolerance could be an effective way of improving yield and yield stability on saline-sodic soils of dryland agriculture. however, this requires a good understanding of inheritance of this quantitative trait. in the present study, a doubled-haploid bread wheat population (berkut/krichauff) was grown in supported hydroponics to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with salinity tolerance traits ... | 2010 | 20490443 |
| marker-assisted characterization of durum wheat langdon-golden ball disomic substitution lines. | the durum wheat cultivar 'golden ball' (gb) is a source of resistance to wheat sawfly due to its superior solid stem. in the late 1980s, dr. leonard joppa developed a complete set of 14 'langdon' (ldn)-gb disomic substitution (ds) lines by using gb as the chromosome donor and ldn as the recipient. however, these substitution lines have not been previously characterized and reported in the literature. the objectives of this study were to confirm the authenticity of the substituted chromosomes and ... | 2010 | 20140662 |
| [identification and characteristics of the 1r (1b) bread wheat substitution strains]. | the 1r (1b) chromosome substitution has been identified at two introgression bread wheat stocks derived from the cross between an octoploid triticale and durum wheat. the substitution is marked by original alleles of the secaline coding loci sec1 and sec2. at rather low level of chromosome pairing, high winter-hardiness and frost resistance, and yield productivity both in favorable and in unfavorable years the stocks are differentiated for these traits. | 2015 | 19938634 |
| chromosomal location of the cadmium uptake gene (cdu1) in durum wheat. | levels of the heavy metal cadmium (cd) in food products are a food safety concern. grain cd is higher in durum (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) than in common wheat, so reduction of cd in durum grain is a priority of breeding programs. previous research demonstrated that a single dominant gene, cdu1, confers the low grain cd phenotype, but the map location of the gene is not known. a doubled haploid population segregating for cd concentration, developed from the cross of w9262-260d3 (a kyle*2/b ... | 2009 | 19935921 |
| two prolamin peptides from durum wheat preclude celiac disease-specific t cell activation by gluten proteins. | celiac disease (cd) is a permanent intolerance to wheat prolamins and related proteins displayed by genetically susceptible individuals. blocking or modulation of cd-specific t cell response by altered prolamin peptides are currently considered as a potential alternative to the only effective therapy of cd based on a life-long gluten-free diet. two prolamin peptides, the 9-mer asrvapgqq and the 10-mer gtvgvapgqq sequences, were identified by mass spectrometry in the peptic/tryptic digest of prol ... | 2010 | 19894071 |
| rapid and non-invasive analysis of deoxynivalenol in durum and common wheat by fourier-transform near infrared (ft-nir) spectroscopy. | fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (ft-nir) was used for rapid and non-invasive analysis of deoxynivalenol (don) in durum and common wheat. the relevance of using ground wheat samples with a homogeneous particle size distribution to minimize measurement variations and avoid don segregation among particles of different sizes was established. calibration models for durum wheat, common wheat and durum + common wheat samples, with particle size <500 microm, were obtained by using partial l ... | 2009 | 19680966 |
| cytological changes in turkish durum and bread wheat genotypes in response to salt stress. | effects of salt stress on root growth, mitotic index, nuclear volume, vacuolization, nucleolar distortion and starch content were investigated in turkish bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cvs. yildiz - salt sensitive, dagdas - salt tolerant) and durum wheat ( triticum durum l. cvs. c1252 - salt sensitive, meramsalt tolerant) genotypes which were treated with 150 mm naci over a 6-day period. salt treatment of wheat seedlings resulted in a decrease in root elongation and cell division in all geno ... | 2009 | 19584031 |
| effect of water stress on carbon isotope discrimination and rubisco activity in bread and durum wheat genotypes. | carbon isotope discrimination (cid) has been suggested as an indirect tool for selection of water use efficiency in wheat. this study evaluates the role of rubisco activity in regulating carbon isotope discrimination (cid) and discriminate the response of durum (pdw-233) and bread (c-306, hd-2329) wheat genotypes for carbon isotope discrimination and rubisco activity under induced water stress hydroponically created by using different concentrations of peg. in c-306, a well known drought toleran ... | 2009 | 23572938 |
| transcriptional profiling in response to terminal drought stress reveals differential responses along the wheat genome. | water stress during grain filling has a marked effect on grain yield, leading to a reduced endosperm cell number and thus sink capacity to accumulate dry matter. the bread wheat cultivar chinese spring (cs), a chinese spring terminal deletion line (cs_5al-10) and the durum wheat cultivar creso were subjected to transcriptional profiling after exposure to mild and severe drought stress at the grain filling stage to find evidences of differential stress responses associated to different wheat geno ... | 2009 | 19552804 |
| different levels of humoral immunoreactivity to different wheat cultivars gliadin are present in patients with celiac disease and in patients with multiple myeloma. | immunity to food antigens (gliadin, cow's milk proteins) is in the centre of the attention of modern medicine focused on the prevention of diseases, prevention which is based on the use of appropriate restriction diet. detection of the enhanced levels of the immune reactions to antigen(s) present in food is from this point of view of great importance because there are reports that some of health disturbances, like celiac disease (cd) and some premalignant conditions, like monoclonal gammopathy o ... | 2009 | 19480718 |
| physical-chemical analysis of non-polyphenol oxidase (non-ppo) darkening in yellow alkaline noodles. | darkening in yellow alkaline noodles (yan) was measured over 24 h in a high polyphenol oxidase (ppo) bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cv. tasman) and a very low ppo durum wheat ( triticum durum cv. kamilaroi). over 24 h non-ppo darkening occurred across a range of ph 3.5-10.5, and in tasman this was overlaid by darkening from ppo activity. the rate of darkening in yan was separated into two main time periods, 0-4 and 4-24 h. the first 4 h of darkening was further divided into two stages using ... | 2009 | 19469560 |
| study on the response of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species of wheat to the elevated co2. | study was done to compare the response of triticum aestivum (hexaploid), triticum durum (tetraploid) and triticum monococcum (diploid) wheat species to the elevated co2 using free air co2 enrichment (face) facility. it was demonstrated that the modern cultivar of wheat triticum aestivum (hexaploid) was largely sink limited. it appeared to have less photosynthesis per unit leaf area than triticum monococcum (diploid wheat). while leaf size, grain weight and amylase activity increased with the plo ... | 2009 | 23572925 |
| characterization of total, free and esterified phytosterols in tetraploid and hexaploid wheats. | dietary plant sterols have received increasing attention in recent years due to their favorable health benefits. the present research focused on quantification of phytosterols as free, esterified and total forms in different tetraploid (5 cultivars of triticum durum desf., 9 cultivars of triticum dicoccon schrank) and hexaploid (5 cultivars of t. aestivum l., 12 cultivars of triticum spelta l.) wheats. tetraploid wheats showed the highest content of total sterol (79.4 and 79.5 mg of sterols /100 ... | 2009 | 19292465 |
| genetic diversity and variation among botanical varieties of old portuguese wheat cultivars revealed by issr assays. | inter-simple sequence repeats (issrs) were used for genetic diversity analyses of an old portuguese wheat collection. eighteen primers produced 96.3 and 98.5% of issr polymorphism in bread and durum wheat cultivars, respectively. the unweighted pair group method with arithmetical averages (upgma) phenogram clearly split all cultivars based on their species/ploidy, reflecting a defined genetic structure. issrs revealed high genetic diversity at interspecific, intraspecific, and intercultivar leve ... | 2009 | 19184405 |
| tetraploid and hexaploid wheat varieties reveal large differences in expression of alpha-gliadins from homoeologous gli-2 loci. | alpha-gliadins form a multigene protein family encoded by multiple alpha-gliadin (gli-2) genes at three genomic loci, gli-a2, gli-b2 and gli-d2, respectively located on the homoeologous wheat chromosomes 6as, 6bs, and 6ds. these proteins contain a number of important celiac disease (cd)-immunogenic domains. the alpha-gliadins expressed from the gli-b2 locus harbour fewer conserved cd-epitopes than those from gli-a2, whereas the gli-d2 gliadins have the highest cd-immunogenic potential. in order ... | 2009 | 19171027 |
| sensitivity of two wheat species's seeds (triticum durum, variety karim and triticum aestivum, variety salambô) to heat constraint during germination. | the aim of this study is determine the effect of different temperature regimes on germination of wheat seeds and early germination events. germination is very sensitive to environment conditions, particularly the temperature. physiological and biochemical responses of wheat seed germination during time at various temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 degrees c) have shown that optimal temperature (25 degrees c) favorites a good aptitude to germinate, whereas low (5 degrees c) and high temperature ( ... | 2007 | 19090228 |
| the bo1-specific pcr marker aww5l7 is predictive of boron tolerance status in a range of exotic durum and bread wheats. | high soil boron (b) constitutes a major soil problem in many parts of the world, particularly in low-rainfall areas and land under irrigation. low accumulation of b in the shoot or grain of cereal crops is correlated with the maintenance of biomass production and grain yield under high b conditions, suggesting that this trait is an important component of field tolerance. a novel screening protocol to measure b accumulation in aerated and supported hydroponics was validated using a set of known a ... | 2008 | 19088810 |
| durum wheat adulteration detection by nir spectroscopy multivariate calibration. | in the present work, we explored the possibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy in order to quantify the degree of adulteration of durum wheat flour with common bread wheat flour. the multivariate calibration techniques adopted to this aim were pls and a wavelet-based calibration algorithm, recently developed by some of us, called wilma. both techniques provided satisfactory results, the percentage of adulterant present in the samples being quantified with an uncertainty lower than that ass ... | 2006 | 18970492 |
| variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in wheats in the healthgrain diversity screen. | within the healthgrain diversity screening program, the variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in different types of wheat was studied. the wheat types were winter (131 varieties) and spring (20 varieties) wheats (both triticum aestivum l., also referred to as common wheats), durum wheat (triticum durum desf., 10 varieties), spelt wheat (triticum spelta l., 5 varieties), einkorn wheat (t. monococcum l., 5 varieties), and emmer wheat (triticum dicoccum schubler, 5 variet ... | 2008 | 18921978 |
| folate in wheat genotypes in the healthgrain diversity screen. | as part of the diversity screen of the healthgrain project, the total folate contents of bread wheat (130 winter and 20 spring wheat genotypes), durum wheat (10 genotypes), earlier cultivated diploid einkorn and tetraploid emmer wheat (5 genotypes of each), and spelt (5 genotypes), grown in the same location in a controlled manner, were determined by a microbiological assay. the total folate contents ranged from 364 to 774 ng/g of dm in winter wheat and from 323 to 741 ng/g of dm in spring wheat ... | 2008 | 18921972 |
| development of triticum turgidum subsp. durum--aegilops longissima amphiploids with high iron and zinc content through unreduced gamete formation in f1 hybrids. | four different interspecific hybrids involving three different accessions of aegilops longissima schweinf. & muschl. with high grain iron and zinc content and three triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.) husn. cultivars with low micronutrient content were made for durum wheat biofortification and investigated for chromosome pairing, fertility, putative amphiploidy, and micronutrient content. the chromosome pairing in the 21-chromosome f1 hybrids (absl) consisted of 0-6 rod bivalents and occas ... | 2008 | 18772954 |