| identification and molecular tagging of a gene from pi 289824 conferring resistance to leaf rust (puccinia triticina) in wheat. | host-plant resistance is the most economically viable and environmentally responsible method of control for puccinia triticina, the causal agent of leaf rust in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the identification and utilization of new resistance sources is critical to the continued development of improved cultivars as shifts in pathogen races cause the effectiveness of widely deployed genes to be short lived. the objectives of this research were to identify and tag new leaf rust resistance genes. ... | 2005 | 15815925 |
| soft wheat instead of hard wheat in pelleted diets results in high starch digestibility in broiler chickens. | (1) the aim of the experiment was to re-examine variations in digestibilities of food components in 3-week-old broiler chickens fed on pelleted diets based on wheats differing in lipase activity and hardness. fourteen wheat (triticum aestivum) samples, each from a different cultivar, were included at 550 g/kg in 14 different diets given to male ross broiler chicks from 7 d of age. the other main ingredients consisted of soyabean meal (353 g/kg) and rapeseed oil (55 g/kg). a 15th diet containing ... | 2005 | 15835254 |
| allelic reduction and genetic shift in the canadian hard red spring wheat germplasm released from 1845 to 2004. | analysis of genetic diversity changes in existing gene pools of cultivated crops is important for understanding the impact of plant breeding on crop genetic diversity and developing effective indicators for genetic diversity of cultivated plants. the objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity changes in 75 canadian hard red wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars released from 1845 to 2004 using 31 simple sequence repeats (ssrs) markers. a total of 267 ssr alleles were detected, and ... | 2005 | 15841359 |
| genetic analysis of durable resistance to yellow rust in bread wheat. | yellow rust, caused by puccinia striiformis, is one of the most damaging diseases affecting bread wheat in temperate regions. although resistance to yellow rust is frequently overcome by new virulent races, a durable form of resistance in the french bread wheat camp remy (cr) has remained effective since its introduction in 1980. we used 217 f7 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from the cross between cr and the susceptible cultivar recital to identify and map quantitative trait loci (qtls) ... | 2005 | 15841362 |
| clinostating effects on biochemical characteristics and productivity of healthy and virus-infected wheat plants of dwarf apogee variety. | the effects of clinostating on physiological processes and biochemical characteristics of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.) both healthy and infected by the wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) were studied. in six experiments, each lasting over 30 days, healthy and infected plants of the dwarf apogee variety were grown under conditions of continuous horizontal and vertical clinostating with 2 rpm at 21 +/- 2 degrees c and 6000 1x (the optimal moisture of a substrate being maintained). the control ... | 2004 | 15880900 |
| large-scale identification of expressed sequence tags involved in rice and rice blast fungus interaction. | to better understand the molecular basis of the defense response against the rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea), a large-scale expressed sequence tag (est) sequencing approach was used to identify genes involved in the early infection stages in rice (oryza sativa). six cdna libraries were constructed using infected leaf tissues harvested from 6 conditions: resistant, partially resistant, and susceptible reactions at both 6 and 24 h after inoculation. two additional libraries were constructed ... | 2005 | 15888683 |
| a regional-scale study on the crop uptake of cadmium from sandy soils: measurement and modeling. | plant uptake is one of the major pathways by which cadmium (cd) in soils enters the human food chain. this study was conducted to investigate the uptake of cd by crops from soils within the wastewater irrigation area (wia) of braunschweig (germany) and to develop a simple process-oriented model that is suited to predict cd uptake at the regional scale. the sandy soils within the wia (4300 ha) have received considerable loads of heavy metals by irrigation using municipal wastewater for up to 40 y ... | 2005 | 15888888 |
| wheat pasture bloat dynamics, in vitro ruminal gas production, and potential bloat mitigation with condensed tannins. | the aim of this study was to determine the effect of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) forage growth stage, forage allowance, time of day, and commercial condensed tannins (ct) on steer bloat dynamics and in vitro ruminal gas production. twenty-six crossbreed steers (angus x hereford x salers; average initial bw = 194 +/- 26 kg) were used. wheat forage allowances were either 18 kg (high forage allowance) and 6 kg (low forage allowance) of dm/(100 kg bw.d). in each bloat observation period, fre ... | 2005 | 15890809 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci for race-nonspecific resistance to tan spot in wheat. | tan spot, caused by pyrenophora tritici-repentis (ptr), is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat growing areas throughout the world. multiple races of the pathogen have been characterized based on their ability to cause necrosis and/or chlorosis on differential wheat lines. in this research, we evaluated a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the common wheat varieties grandin and br34 for reaction to tan spot caused by ptr races 1-3 and 5. co ... | 2005 | 15895202 |
| inheritance of field resistance to stagonospora nodorum leaf and glume blotch and correlations with other morphological traits in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | breeding for wheat varieties resistant to stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) is the most sustainable strategy for controlling the disease. in order to map quantitative trait loci (qtls) for snb resistance we analysed 204 recombinant inbred lines of the cross between the winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety forno and the winter spelt (triticum spelta l.) variety oberkulmer. we determined the level of resistance of adult plants to leaf blotch (snl) and glume blotch (sng) as well as morpholog ... | 2005 | 15895203 |
| genealogical use of chloroplast dna variation for intraspecific studies of aegilops tauschii coss. | intraspecific patterns of chloroplast dna variation was studied in aegilops tauschii coss., the d-genome progenitor of bread wheat. nucleotide sequences of ten chloroplast microsatellite loci were analyzed for 63 accessions that cover the central part of the species distribution. as is often the case with nuclear microsatellites, those of chloroplasts of ae. tauschii bear complex mutations. several types of mutations other than change in the microsatellite repeat number were found, including bas ... | 2005 | 15895204 |
| mechanistic analysis of wheat chlorophyllase. | chlorophyllase catalyzes the initial step in the degradation of chlorophyll and plays a key role in leaf senescence and fruit ripening. here, we report the cloning of chlorophyllase from triticum aestivum (wheat) and provide a detailed mechanistic analysis of the enzyme. purification of recombinant chlorophyllase from an escherichia coli expression system indicates that the enzyme functions as a dimeric protein. wheat chlorophyllase hydrolyzed the phytol moiety from chlorophyll (k(cat) = 566 min ... | 2005 | 15913540 |
| a wheat xylanase inhibitor gene, xip-i, but not taxi-i, is significantly induced by biotic and abiotic signals that trigger plant defense. | xip-i and taxi-i are wheat (triticum aestivum l) grain proteins that inhibit microbial xylanases used in food processing. although their biochemical properties and structural features were established recently, very little is known about their expression and their family members in wheat plants. to clarify the role of these xylanase inhibitor proteins in plant defense, we examined the expression of the xip-type genes in response to a variety of biotic and abiotic signals. although xip-i was not ... | 2005 | 15914935 |
| assessing the impact of ambient ozone on growth and productivity of two cultivars of wheat in india using three rates of application of ethylenediurea (edu). | three rates of ethylenediurea were used to assess the impact of ambient ozone on growth and productivity of wheat (triticum aestivum l) cultivars "malviya 533" (m 533) and "malviya 234" (m 234) at a suburban site near varanasi, india, beginning in december. wheat plants were treated with edu at 0, 150, 300 and 450 ppm as soil drenches at 10-day intervals. edu treatment affected plant growth, with effects varying with cultivar, age, and edu concentration. seed yield was improved for m 533 at 150 ... | 2005 | 15922496 |
| molecular mapping of fusarium head blight resistance in the winter wheat population dream/lynx. | fusarium head blight (fhb), mainly caused by fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum, can significantly reduce the grain quality of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) due to mycotoxin contamination. the objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for fhb resistance in a winter wheat population developed by crossing the resistant german cultivar dream with the susceptible british cultivar lynx. a total of 145 recombinant inbred lines (rils) were evaluated following spray inocula ... | 2005 | 15947905 |
| intragenic diversity and functional conservation of the three homoeologous loci of the kn1-type homeobox gene wknox1 in common wheat. | common wheat represents a typical allohexaploid species and provides a good experimental system for studying genomic alterations associated with allopolyploidization. we studied three homoeologous loci of wheat wknox1 gene, which is highly homologous to the knotted1 (kn1)-like homeobox (knox) genes functioning at shoot apical meristems (sam). wknox1 transcripts were detected in sam, and its overexpression caused abnormal leaf morphology with occasional ectopic leaves in transgenic tobacco plants ... | 2005 | 15952073 |
| characterization of wheat gliadin proteins by combined two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry. | a proteomics-based approach was used for characterizing wheat gliadins from an italian common wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar. a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) map of roughly 40 spots was obtained by submitting the 70% alcohol-soluble crude protein extract to isoelectric focusing on immobilized ph gradient strips across two ph gradient ranges, i.e., 3-10 or ph 6-11, and to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis in the second dimension. the chymotryptic digest of eac ... | 2005 | 15952231 |
| effects of food deprivation and particle size of ground wheat on digestibility of food components in broilers fed on a pelleted diet. | the first aim of the experiment was to study the effect of wheat (triticum aestivum) particle size on the digestibility of starch in a pelleted diet given to broilers. the second aim was to study the consequences of food deprivation before the excreta collection period (from 21 to 24 d). wheat from a strong hardness cultivar was incorporated at 546.1 g/kg in diets. the other main ingredients were soybean meal (353.5 g/kg) and rapeseed oil (55.0 g/kg). diets were given as pellets. the experimenta ... | 2005 | 15957444 |
| [asymmetric somatic hybridization between mixed wheat and psathyrostachys juncea]. | psathyrostachys juncea is a potential source of useful genes, such as the barley yellow dwarf virus resistance, salt tolerance and drought tolerance, for wheat improvement. conventional sexual hybridization between wheat and psathyrostachys juncea is very difficult to occur as the two are sexual incompatible. somatic hybridization is a promising technique for creating hybrids across the sexual border. here we report a fusion system for somatic hybridization of wheat using peg method. mixed proto ... | 2004 | 15968998 |
| impact of fusarium culmorum on the polysaccharides of wheat flour. | to assess the effects of fusarium infection on the polysaccharides of winter wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.), grain samples obtained from plants artificially inoculated with fusarium culmorum were analyzed. microscopy revealed obvious damage to the starch granules in the seriously infected samples. the fusarium infection had no analytically detectable influence on the starch and total insoluble dietary fiber content of the wheat grain. there were significantly positive relationships between a ... | 2005 | 15998153 |
| stable barley chromosomes without centromeric repeats. | the satellite sequences (agggag)(n) and ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons are known to localize at the barley centromeres. using a gametocidal system, which induces chromosomal mutations in barley chromosomes added to common wheat, we obtained an isochromosome for the short arm of barley chromosome 7h (7hs) that lacked the barley-specific satellite sequence (agggag)(n). two telocentric derivatives of the isochromosome arose in the progeny: 7hs* with and 7hs** without the pericentromeric c-band. fi ... | 2005 | 15998740 |
| mechanistic information from analysis of molecular weight distributions of starch. | a methodology is developed for interpreting the molecular weight distributions of debranched amylopectin, based on techniques developed for quantitatively and qualitatively finding mechanistic information from the molecular weight distributions of synthetic polymers. if the only events occurring are random chain growth and stoppage (i.e., the rates are independent of degree of polymerization over the range in question), then the number of chains of degree of polymerization n, p(n), is linear in ... | 2005 | 16004469 |
| biochemical characterization of a cinnamoyl-coa reductase from wheat. | cinnamoyl-coa reductase (ccr) is responsible for the coa ester-->aldehyde conversion in monolignol biosynthesis, which can divert phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites into the biosynthesis of lignin. to gain a better understanding of lignin biosynthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a cdna encoding ccr was isolated and named ta-ccr2. dna hybridization analyses demonstrated that the ta-ccr2 gene exists in three copies in the wheat genome. rna blot hybridization indicated that ta-ccr2 was expres ... | 2005 | 16006242 |
| development of a virus-induced gene-silencing system for hexaploid wheat and its use in functional analysis of the lr21-mediated leaf rust resistance pathway. | virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is an important tool for the analysis of gene function in plants. in vigs, viruses engineered to carry sequences derived from plant gene transcripts activate the host's sequence-specific rna degradation system. this mechanism targets the rnas of the viral genome for degradation, and as the virus contains transcribed plant sequence, homologous host mrnas are also targeted for destruction. while routinely used in some dicots, no vigs system was known for monocot ... | 2005 | 16024691 |
| exploiting genotypic variation in plant nutrient accumulation to alleviate micronutrient deficiency in populations. | more than 2 billion people consume diets that are less diverse than 30 years ago, leading to deficiencies in micronutrients, especially iron (fe), zinc (zn), selenium (se), iodine (i), and also vitamin a. a strategy that exploits genetic variability to breed staple crops with enhanced ability to fortify themselves with micronutrients (genetic biofortification) offers a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to conventional supplementation and fortification programs. this is more likely to reach ... | 2005 | 16028493 |
| fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase, a key enzyme for biosynthesis of graminan oligomers in hardened wheat. | fructans play important roles not only as a carbon source for survival under persistent snow cover but also as agents that protect against various stresses in overwintering plants. complex fructans having both beta-(2,1)- and beta-(2,6)-linked fructosyl units accumulate in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) during cold hardening. we detected fructan: fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-fft; ec 2.4.1.100) activity for catalyzing the formation and extension of beta-(2,1)-linked fructans in hardened wheat ... | 2005 | 16034592 |
| wheat non-specific lipid transfer protein genes display a complex pattern of expression in developing seeds. | nine cdna clones encoding non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) were isolated from triticum aestivum and triticum durum cdna libraries and characterized. one cdna is predicted to encode a type 2 nsltp (7 kda) while others encode type 1 nsltps (9 kda). all encoded proteins contain an n-terminal signal sequence and possess the characteristic features of nsltps. the genomic structures of the wheat nsltp genes show that type 2 taltp7.1a, taltp7.2a and type 1 taltp9.2b genes lack introns whil ... | 2005 | 16061294 |
| mapping a resistance gene in wheat cultivar yangfu 9311 to yellow mosaic virus, using microsatellite markers. | wheat yellow mosaic disease, which is caused by wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus (wymv) and transmitted by soil-borne fungus, results in severe damage on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production in china. for development of resistant cultivars to reduce wheat yield losses due to wheat yellow mosaic disease, resistance test and genetic analysis indicated that a single dominant gene in wheat cultivar yangfu 9311 contributed to the resistance. bulk segregant analysis was used to identify microsatellite ... | 2005 | 16075203 |
| molecular identification of wheat endoxylanase inhibitor taxi-ii and the determinants of its inhibition specificity. | wheat grains contain triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) proteins which inhibit microbial xylanases, some of which are used in cereal based food industries. these inhibitors may play a role in plant defence. among the taxi isoforms described so far, taxi-ii displays a deviating inhibition specificity pattern. here, we report on the molecular identity of taxi-ii and the basis of its inhibition specificity. three candidate taxi-ii encoding sequences were isolated and recombinantly expresse ... | 2005 | 16084833 |
| growth, productivity, and competitiveness of introgressed weedy brassica rapa hybrids selected for the presence of bt cry1ac and gfp transgenes. | concerns exist that transgenic crop x weed hybrid populations will be more vigorous and competitive with crops compared with the parental weed species. hydroponic, glasshouse, and field experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of introgression of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac and green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgenes on hybrid productivity and competitiveness in four experimental brassica rapa x transgenic brassica napus hybrid generations (f1, bc1f1, bc2f1 and bc2f2). the av ... | 2005 | 16101783 |
| changes of anti-oxidative enzymes and mda content under soil water deficits among 10 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes at maturation stage. | drought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing grain production and quality, the loss of which is the total for other natural disasters, with increasing global climate change making the situation more serious. wheat is the staple food for more than 35% of world population, so wheat anti-drought physiology study is of importance to wheat production and biological breeding for the sake of coping with abiotic and biotic conditions. much research is involved in this hot topic, but the pace ... | 2005 | 16102947 |
| a qtl located on chromosome 4a associated with dormancy in white- and red-grained wheats of diverse origin. | improved resistance to preharvest sprouting in modern bread wheat (triticum aestivum. l.) can be achieved via the introgression of grain dormancy and would reduce both the incidence and severity of damage due to unfavourable weather at harvest. the dormancy phenotype is strongly influenced by environmental factors making selection difficult and time consuming and this trait an obvious candidate for marker assisted selection. a highly significant quantitative trait locus (qtl) associated with gra ... | 2005 | 16133305 |
| mapping of a major qtl for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance on chromosome 3a in bread wheat. | quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis was conducted for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (phst) in bread wheat for a solitary chromosome 3a, which was shown to be important for this trait in earlier studies. an inter-varietal mapping population in the form of recombinant inbred lines (rils) developed from a cross between spr8198 (a phs tolerant genotype) and hd2329 (a phs susceptible cultivar) was used for this purpose. the parents and the ril population were grown in six different environments ... | 2005 | 16133317 |
| genetic characterization and molecular mapping of a hessian fly-resistance gene transferred from t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum to common wheat. | a gene (temporarily designated hdic) conferring resistance to the hessian fly (hf) [mayetiola destructor (say)] was previously identified from an accession of german cultivated emmer wheat [triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (schrank ex schübler) thell] pi 94641, and was transferred to the hf-resistant wheat germplasm ks99wgrc42. the inheritance of hdic resistance exhibited incomplete penetrance because phenotypes of some heterozygous progenies are fully resistant and the others are fully susceptib ... | 2005 | 16136351 |
| evidence for the involvement of arabinoxylan and xylanases in refrigerated dough syruping. | the relationship between syruping in refrigerated doughs upon prolonged storage and different aspects of arabinoxylan (ax) hydrolysis was investigated using triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) and different xylanases in the dough formula. dough characteristics were evaluated with strong emphasis on the ax population and its fate as a function of storage time. selective reduction of part of the flour endogenous xylanase activity in dough by added taxi reduced dough syruping after 12 and 2 ... | 2005 | 16159195 |
| [identification of an alien chromosome in the common wheat line multi 6r]. | the chromosome of agropyron intermedium (host) beauv. substituting chromosome 6d has been identified in the karyotype of the triticum aestivum l. line multi 6r with the use of c-banding. the alien chromosome, temporarily designated 6ag1, contains gene(s) of the resistance to the saratov population of puccinia recondita rob. ex. desm. f. tritici. it has been demonstrated that the resistance gene(s) is(are) highly efficient and that chromosome 6ag1 is preferably transferred through gametes. | 2005 | 16161629 |
| mutations in wheat starch synthase ii genes and pcr-based selection of a sgp-1 null line. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) starch synthase ii, which is also known as starch granule protein 1 (sgp-1), plays a major role in endosperm starch synthesis. the three sgp-1 proteins, sgp-a1, b1 and d1, are produced by three homoeologous ssii genes, wssii-a, b, and d. lines carrying null alleles for each sgp-1 protein have previously been identified. in this report, the mutations occurring in each wssii gene were characterized, and pcr-based dna markers capable of detecting the mutations were deve ... | 2005 | 16172895 |
| expression of transgenic stilbene synthases in wheat causes the accumulation of unknown stilbene derivatives with antifungal activity. | the expression of foreign phytoalexins in a new host is thought to increase fungal resistance, since host-specific pathogens have not experienced selection for detoxifying or metabolising the novel antifungal compounds. two resveratrol synthase genes vst1 and vst2 from grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) and the pinosylvin synthase gene pss from pine (pinus sylvestris l.) were stably transformed into bread wheat. the expression of the target genes is regulated by stress-inducible grapevine promoters. ... | 2005 | 16173460 |
| allelic series of four powdery mildew resistance genes at the pm3 locus in hexaploid bread wheat. | at the pm3 locus in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), 10 alleles conferring race-specific resistance to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) are known. a cluster of genes encoding coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat proteins spans the pm3 locus on wheat chromosome 1a, and one member of this gene family has recently been identified as the pm3b resistance gene. using molecular markers closely linked to pm3b, we performed haplotype analysis of 10 lines carrying d ... | 2005 | 16183849 |
| localization of ptr toxa produced by pyrenophora tritici-repentis reveals protein import into wheat mesophyll cells. | the plant pathogenic fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis secretes host-selective toxins (hsts) that function as pathogenicity factors. unlike most hsts that are products of enzymatic pathways, at least two toxins produced by p. tritici-repentis are proteins and, thus, products of single genes. sensitivity to these toxins in the host is conferred by a single gene for each toxin. to study the site of action of ptr toxa (toxa), toxin-sensitive and -insensitive wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars we ... | 2005 | 16199615 |
| [activity of lectins of winter wheat seedlings infected with mycoplasma and treated with salicylic acid]. | changes in activity of soluble and cell wall lectins have been revealed in seedlings of winter wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivar mironovskaya 808 after infection with mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii 118. the protective effect of salicylic acid was manifested as negating the bursts of lectin activity induced by mycoplasma infection. | 2005 | 16212262 |
| characteristics of thiol:protein disulfide oxidoreductase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain. | biochemical properties of a homogenous preparation of thiol:protein disulfide oxidoreductase (tpdo, ec 1.8.4.2) isolated for the first time from mature wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain were studied. according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data, the molecular weight of tpdo is around 167 kd, the enzyme consisting of two subunits of 77 and 73 kd, which differentiates tpdo from known enzymes of sh/ss-metabolism of wheat caryopses. in substrate specificity and enzymatic characteristics (ph ... | 2005 | 16212551 |
| structure of ptr toxa: an rgd-containing host-selective toxin from pyrenophora tritici-repentis. | tan spot of wheat (triticum aestivum), caused by the fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis, has significant agricultural and economic impact. ptr toxa (toxa), the first discovered proteinaceous host-selective toxin, is produced by certain p. tritici-repentis races and is necessary and sufficient to cause cell death in sensitive wheat cultivars. we present here the high-resolution crystal structure of toxa in two different crystal forms, providing four independent views of the protein. toxa adopts ... | 2005 | 16214901 |
| classification of wheat varieties based on structural features of arabinoxylans as revealed by endoxylanase treatment of flour and grain. | arabinoxylans (ax) are cell wall polysaccharides of complex structure involved in many aspects of wheat flour end uses. the study of the variations of ax structure can lead to the identification of genes involved in their biosynthesis, and thus in the control of the various aspects of grain quality related to their presence. a method is proposed to identify ax variations directly in whole grain by enzymatic degradation. an endoxylanase from trichoderma viride was used to extract ax from a collec ... | 2005 | 16218687 |
| cloning, characterization and expression of wheat edr1 (enhanced disease resistance) gene. | to investigate if there is an edr1 pathway in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a pair of degenerate primers was designed according to the cdnas of arabidopsis thaliana edr1 gene and its homologs were used to isolate edr1 gene homologs from wheat. rt-pcr was conducted on the cdna template synthesized with rna of wheat leaves. a 627-bp cdna fragment representing an edr1 gene (named as taedr1) was isolated (genbank accession number: ay743662). subsequently, the 3050-bp full-length cdna sequence of tae ... | 2005 | 16222089 |
| serine:glyoxylate aminotransferases from maize and wheat leaves: purification and properties. | photorespiratory enzyme serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (sgat, ec 2.6.1.45) was purified from green parts of seedlings of two gramminae species with different photosynthetic pathways, maize (zea mays l., c(4) species) and wheat (triticum aestivum l., c(3) species). the preparation from wheat was homogeneous as judged by sds-page with silver staining for proteins; however, the same method revealed approximately 9% contamination in a highly purified maize preparation. molecular masses of sgat f ... | 2004 | 16228611 |
| rna silencing of waxy gene results in low levels of amylose in the seeds of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in this study, the level of amylose was reduced in wheat seeds by rnai strategy. because the synthesis of amylose is catalyzed by the granule-bound starch synthase i (gbssi or waxy protein), the waxy gene of wheat was isolated from wheat seeds by using rt-pcr. southern analysis confirmed that there were three waxy genes in wheat genome. northern hybridization showed that waxy mrna accumulated in seeds following pollination. by rnai strategy,the 683 bp sense and antisense fragments in reverse ori ... | 2005 | 16231740 |
| selenium in australia: selenium status and biofortification of wheat for better health. | selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, but is deficient in at least a billion people worldwide. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a major dietary source of se. the largest survey to date of se status of australians found a mean plasma se concentration of 103 microg/l in 288 adelaide residents, just above the nutritional adequacy level. in the total sample analysed (six surveys from 1977 to 2002; n = 834), plasma se was higher in males and increased with age. this study ... | 2005 | 16240676 |
| nectarin iv, a potent endoglucanase inhibitor secreted into the nectar of ornamental tobacco plants. isolation, cloning, and characterization. | we have isolated and characterized the nectarin iv (nec4) protein that accumulates in the nectar of ornamental tobacco plants (nicotiana langsdorffii x nicotiana sanderae var lxs8). this 60-kd protein has a blocked n terminus. three tryptic peptides of the protein were isolated and sequenced using tandem mass spectroscopy. these unique peptides were found to be similar to the xyloglucan-specific fungal endoglucanase inhibitor protein (xegip) precursor in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and its ... | 2005 | 16244157 |
| improvement of human lysozyme expression in transgenic rice grain by combining wheat (triticum aestivum) puroindoline b and rice (oryza sativa) gt1 promoters and signal peptides. | heterologous protein expression levels in transgenic plants are of critical importance in the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals (pmps). we studied a puroindoline b promoter and signal peptide (tapur) driving human lysozyme expression in rice endosperm. the results demonstrated that human lysozyme expressed under the control of the tapur cassette is seed-specific, readily extractable, active, and properly processed. immuno-electron microscopy indicated that lysozyme expressed from this cas ... | 2005 | 16245149 |
| a model wheat cultivar for transformation to improve resistance to fusarium head blight. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused primarily by fusarium graminearum, is a major disease problem in wheat (triticum aestivum). genetic engineering holds significant potential to enhance fhb resistance in wheat. due to the requirement of screening for fhb resistance on flowers at anthesis, the number of screens carried out in a year is limited. our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using the rapid-maturing dwarf wheat cultivar apogee as an alternative genotype for transgenic fhb resist ... | 2006 | 16252090 |
| municipal sludge-induced phytotoxicity. | municipal sludge (ms), containing various types of environmental pollutants, can exert phytotoxic effects in plants. seed germination, chlorophyll content, plant weight, root and shoot growth, and metal levels, were measured as endpoints to assess the phytotoxic effects of leachates of ms from lucknow city in three plants, triticum aestivum, brassica campestris and phaseolus aureus. among the five metals analysed, lead was found to be present at the highest concentration, and chromium at the low ... | 2005 | 16268761 |
| fusarium graminearum tri14 is required for high virulence and don production on wheat but not for don synthesis in vitro. | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), caused by the fungus fusarium graminearum, is a major concern worldwide. fhb grain is reduced in yield, may fail to germinate, and is often contaminated with deoxynivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin linked to a variety of animal diseases and feed refusals. annual losses in the tens of millions of dollars due to fhb underscore the need to develop improved methods of disease control and prevention. previous research has identified deoxyn ... | 2005 | 16277434 |
| characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes and their protein products in common wheats. | to characterize the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs), we developed specific pcr primer sets to distinguish 12 groups of lmw-gs genes of norin 61 and to decide their loci with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of chinese spring. three, two, and ten groups were assigned to glu-a3, glu-b3, and glu-d3 loci, respectively. to identify the proteins containing the corresponding amino acid sequences, we determined the n-terminal amino acid sequence of 12 spots of lmw-gss of norin 61 separated by ... | 2006 | 16283233 |
| evaluation of ash from some tropical plants of nigeria for the control of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. on wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | eleven ash samples, from organs of nine tropical plants, were screened for their abilities to inhibit mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of a nigerian isolate of sclerotium rolfsii on agar and in the soil. ten ash samples showed some activity against mycelial growth of s. rolfsii in vitro. ash samples from delonix regia stem wood, mangifera indica leaf and vernonia amygdalina leaf were most effective as each totally inhibited mycelial growth of s. rolfsii in vitro. ocimum gratissimum lea ... | 1998 | 16284852 |
| identification, expression, and evolutionary analyses of plant lipocalins. | lipocalins are a group of proteins that have been characterized in bacteria, invertebrate, and vertebrate animals. however, very little is known about plant lipocalins. we have previously reported the cloning of the first true plant lipocalins. here we report the identification and characterization of plant lipocalins and lipocalin-like proteins using an integrated approach of data mining, expression studies, cellular localization, and phylogenetic analyses. plant lipocalins can be classified in ... | 2005 | 16306142 |
| fine genetic mapping fails to dissociate durable stem rust resistance gene sr2 from pseudo-black chaff in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the broad-spectrum stem rust resistance gene sr2 has provided protection in wheat against puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici for over 80 years. the sr2 gene and an associated dark pigmentation trait, pseudo-black chaff (pbc), have previously been localized to the short arm of chromosome 3b. in a first step towards the positional-based cloning of sr2, we constructed a high-resolution map of this region. the wheat est (west) deletion bin mapping project provided tightly linked cdna markers. th ... | 2006 | 16311724 |
| a comparative risk assessment of genetically engineered, mutagenic, and conventional wheat production systems. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties produced using modern biotechnologies, such as genetic engineering and mutagenic techniques, have lagged behind other crop species, but are now being developed and, in the case of mutagenic wheat, commercially grown around the world. because these wheat varieties have emerged recently, there is a unique opportunity to assess comparatively the potential environmental risks (human health, ecological, and livestock risks) associated with genetically engineered ... | 2005 | 16315092 |
| purification, cloning and functional characterization of a fructan 6-exohydrolase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fructans, beta2-1 and/or beta2-6 linked polymers of fructose, are produced by fructosyltransferases (fts) from sucrose. they are important storage carbohydrates in many plants. fructan reserves, widely distributed in plants, are believed to be mobilized via fructan exohydrolases (fehs). the purification, cloning, and functional characterization of a 6-feh from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are reported here. it is the first feh shown to hydrolyse exclusively beta2-6 bonds found in a fructan-produ ... | 2006 | 16330524 |
| impact of land use practices on faunal abundance, nutrient dynamics and biochemical properties of desert pedoecosystem. | increased dependence of resource-poor rural communities on soils of low inherent fertility are the major problem of desert agroecosystem. agrisilviculture practices may help to conserve the soil biota for maintaining essential soil properties and processes in harsh climate. therefore, the impacts of different land use systems on faunal density, nutrient dynamics and biochemical properties of soil were studied in agrisilviculture system of indian desert. the selected fields had trees (zizyphus ma ... | 2005 | 16335596 |
| characterization of contamination in and toxicities of a shipyard area in hong kong. | this is the first integrated study on the contaminant characterization and toxicities of a shipyard area. this site in hong kong contained 3.6-33.4 mg kg(-1) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and 5-79 g kg(-1) oil and grease. other pollutants exceeding the dutch intervention values were total polyaromatic hydrocarbons, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals cu, pb and zn. these pollutants persisted partially owing to the poor fertility with <125 mg n kg(-1) and <530 mg p kg(-1) typical of coasta ... | 2006 | 16360247 |
| overexpression of ran1 in rice and arabidopsis alters primordial meristem, mitotic progress, and sensitivity to auxin. | ran is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic gtpase. we previously identified a cdna of taran1, a novel ran gtpase homologous gene in wheat (triticum aestivum) and demonstrated that taran1 is associated with regulation of genome integrity and cell division in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) systems. however, much less is known about the function of ran in plant development. to analyze the possible biological roles of ran gtpase, we overexpressed taran1 in transgenic arabidopsis (arabidopsis th ... | 2006 | 16361516 |
| adult plant and seedling resistance to powdery mildew in a triticum aestivum x triticum militinae hybrid line. | in the progeny of a cross between the common wheat cultivar tähti and triticum militinae, a member of the timopheevii group of tetraploid wheats, several hybrid lines were selected that are characterized by improved seedling and adult plant resistance (apr) to powdery mildew. an f2 single-seed descendant mapping population segregating for seedling resistance and apr to powdery mildew was analysed for the identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl). the main qtl responsible for apr was detect ... | 2006 | 16362813 |
| nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination: comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the north china plain. | the annual nitrogen (n) budget and groundwater nitrate-n concentrations were studied in the field in three major intensive cropping systems in shandong province, north china. in the greenhouse vegetable systems the annual n inputs from fertilizers, manures and irrigation water were 1358, 1881 and 402 kg n ha(-1) on average, representing 2.5, 37.5 and 83.8 times the corresponding values in wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-maize (zea mays l.) rotations and 2.1, 10.4 and 68.2 times the values in apple ... | 2006 | 16364521 |
| targeted mapping of ests linked to the adult plant resistance gene lr46 in wheat using synteny with rice. | the gene lr46 has provided slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina in wheat (triticum aestivum), which has remained durable for almost 30 years. using linked markers and wheat deletion stocks, we located lr46 in the deletion bin 1bl (0.84-0.89) comprising 5% of the 1bl arm. the distal part of chromosome 1bl of wheat is syntenic to chromosome 5l of rice. wheat expressed sequence tags (ests) mapping in the terminal 15% of chromosome 1bl with significant homology to sequen ... | 2006 | 16374594 |
| construction of a hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) bacterial artificial chromosome library for cloning genes for stripe rust resistance. | a hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library was constructed for cloning yr5 and other genes conferring resistance to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici). intact nuclei from a yr5 near-isogenic line were used to isolate high molecular weight dna, which was partially cleaved with hindiii and cloned into pecbac1 and pindigobac-5 vectors. the wheat bac library consisted of 422,400 clones arrayed in 1100 micro-titer plates (each plate with 384 ... | 2005 | 16391672 |
| identification of proteins induced or upregulated by fusarium head blight infection in the spikes of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is a destructive disease of wheat and barley. it causes economic losses due to reduction in both yield and quality. although fhb resistance has been well documented and resistant cultivars have been developed to reduce incidence and severity of fhb, there is a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in plant resistance against the infection and spread of f. graminearum. in the current study, 2-dimensional displays of pr ... | 2005 | 16391683 |
| development and validation of molecular markers linked to an aegilops umbellulata-derived leaf-rust-resistance gene, lr9, for marker-assisted selection in bread wheat. | an aegilops umbellulata-derived leaf-rust-resistance gene, lr9, was tagged with 3 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers, which mapped within 1.8 cm of gene lr9 located on chromosome 6bl of wheat. the markers were identified in an f2 population segregating for leaf-rust resistance, which was generated from a cross between 2 near-isogenic lines that differed in the alien gene lr9 in a widely adopted agronomic background of cultivar 'hd 2329'. disease phenotyping was done in controlled en ... | 2005 | 16391688 |
| multiple genetic pathways for seed shattering in the grasses. | shattering is an essential seed dispersal mechanism in wild species. it is believed that independent mutations at orthologous loci led to convergent domestication of cereal crops. to investigate genetic relationships of triticeae shattering genes with those of other grasses, we mapped spike-, barrel- (b-type), and wedge-type (w-type) spikelet disarticulation genes in wheat and its wild relatives. the br1 gene for w-type disarticulation was mapped to a region delimited by xpsr598 and xpsr1196 on ... | 2006 | 16404644 |
| aerobic decolorization and detoxification of a disperse dye in textile effluent by a new isolate of bacillus sp. | a number of aerobic species capable of decolorizing some of the dyes in a textile mill effluent were isolated. one of the isolates was able to decolorize terasil black dye under aerobic conditions in the presence of an exogenous carbon source after 5 days. glucose or starch (%1 ea) are essential for decolorization but the process proceeds faster in the presence of 0.5% yeast extract. results of the bod(5) show that the untreated effluent samples have a low bod value, whereas treated samples show ... | 2006 | 16411245 |
| flavonoid 3'-o-methyltransferase from rice: cdna cloning, characterization and functional expression. | plant o-methyltransferases (omts) are known to be involved in methylation of plant secondary metabolites, especially phenylpropanoid and flavonoid compounds. an omt, romt-9, was cloned and characterized from rice using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the blast results for romt-9 showed a 73% identity with caffeic acid omts from maize and triticum aestivum. romt-9 was expressed in escherichia coli and its recombinant protein was purified using affinity chromatography. ... | 2006 | 16412485 |
| identification and characterization of stripe rust resistance gene yr34 in common wheat. | an uncharacterized source of seedling resistance to puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici was identified in an advanced wheat breeding line wawht2046. genetic analysis based on a wawht2046/carnamah-derived double haploid (dh) population demonstrated monogenic inheritance of seedling stripe rust resistance in wawht2046. the gene controlling stripe rust resistance in line wawht2046 was tentatively designated yrwa. the chromosome 5al located awn inhibitor gene b1, possessed by wawht2046, also showed m ... | 2006 | 16435125 |
| cytotoxic thio-malate is transported by both an aluminum-responsive malate efflux pathway in wheat and the mae1 malate permease in schizosaccharomyces pombe. | aluminum (al) tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is mainly achieved by malate efflux, which is regulated by the expression of the recently identified gene, presumably encoding an al-activated malate efflux transporter (almt1). however, the transport mechanism is not fully understood, partly as a result of the rapid turnover of its substrate. we developed a tool to study malate transport in wheat by screening biological compounds using the well-characterized schizosaccharomyces pombe malat ... | 2006 | 16450171 |
| molecular tagging of stripe rust resistance gene yrzh84 in chinese wheat line zhou 8425b. | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most damaging diseases in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). with the objective of identifying and tagging new genes for resistance to stripe rust, f1, f2 and f3 populations from the cross zhou 8425b/chinese spring were inoculated with chinese pst isolate cyr32 in the greenhouse. a total of 790 ssr primers were used to test the parents and resistant and susceptible bulks. the resulting seven polymorphic markers on ... | 2006 | 16450183 |
| cessation of tillering in spring wheat in relation to light interception and red : far-red ratio. | the production of axillary shoots (tillering) in spring wheat (triticum aestivum) depends on intraspecific competition. the mechanisms that underlie this competition are complex, but light within the wheat canopy plays a key role. the main objectives of this paper are to analyse the effects of plant population density and shade on tillering dynamics of spring wheat, to assess the canopy conditions quantitatively at the time of tillering cessation, and to analyse the relationship between the till ... | 2006 | 16464875 |
| cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the receptor-like kinase gene (rlk) in common wheat. | to investigate whether homologs of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lrk10 gene was expressed in powdery mildew-resistant lines after inoculation with blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, one degenerate primer for 5'-race was designed according to the 6th kinase subdomain of lrk10 and other plant kinases. 5'-race was performed with the template cdna synthesized with rna extracted from seedling leaves of a powdery mildew-resistant wheat line "99-2439" after inoculation with b. graminis. one 1551 bp cdna ... | 2006 | 16477135 |
| chemical ecology in wheat plant-pest interactions. how the use of modern techniques and a multidisciplinary approach can throw new light on a well-known phenomenon: allelopathy. | a new holistic approach on research into allelopathy was launched in the fateallchem project. the project was financed by the european commission in the 5th framework programme and involved agronomists, biologists, analytical chemists, organic chemists, environmental chemists, ecotoxicologists, and modelers. benzoxazinones from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were the main group of compounds studied in the project. the project showed that future assessments of an extensive use of allelopathic crops ... | 2006 | 16478207 |
| increased puroindoline levels slow ruminal digestion of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) starch by cattle. | starch is the primary nutrient in ruminant diets used to promote high levels of performance. the site of starch digestion alters the nature of digestive end products (vfa in the rumen vs. glucose in the small intestine) and the efficiency of use. cereal grain endosperm texture plays a major role in the rate and extent of starch degradation in ruminants. wheat grain texture is regulated by the starch surface protein complex friabilin that consists primarily of puroindoline (pin) a and b. soft ker ... | 2006 | 16478956 |
| an approach for isolating high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes using monoclonal antibodies. | high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) play an important role in the breadmaking quality of wheat flour. in china, cultivars such as triticum aestivum 'xiaoyan no. 6' carrying the 1bx14 and 1by15 glutenin subunits usually have attributes that result in high-quality bread and noodles. hmw-gs 1bx14 and 1by15 were isolated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and used as an antigen to immunize balb/c mice. a resulting monoclonal antibody be ... | 2006 | 16498468 |
| optimizing organic fertilizer applications under steady-state conditions. | because organic n fertilizers must be mineralized before they become plant-available, application designs should consider time and temperature effects on n release as well as crop n requirements. this study presents deterministic (dopt) and stochastic (sopt) linear optimization models to determine sustainable land application schedules. the easily solved models minimize the amount of n that is applied while assuring than crop n demands are met as they develop. temperature effects on n mineraliza ... | 2006 | 16510711 |
| mapping of residues involved in the interaction between the bacillus subtilis xylanase a and proteinaceous wheat xylanase inhibitors. | the bacillus subtilis xylanase a was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis, aimed at changing the interaction with triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor, the only wheat endogenous proteinaceous xylanase inhibitor interacting with this xylanase. the published structure of bacillus circulans xyna was used to target amino acids surrounding the active site cleft of b.subtilis xyna for mutation. twenty-two residues were mutated, resulting in 62 different variants. the catalytic activity of active mut ... | 2006 | 16517552 |
| fine mapping fhb1, a major gene controlling fusarium head blight resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a major fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance gene fhb1 (syn. qfhs.ndsu-3bs) was fine mapped on the distal segment of chromosome 3bs of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as a mendelian factor. fhb resistant parents, sumai 3 and nyubai, were used as sources of this gene. two mapping populations were developed to facilitate segregation of qfhs.ndsu-3bs in either a fixed resistant (sumai 3*5/thatcher) (s/t) or fixed susceptible (hc374/3*98b69-l47) (hc/98) genetic background (hc374 = wuhan1/nyubai ... | 2006 | 16518614 |
| molecular mapping of hybrid necrosis genes ne1 and ne2 in hexaploid wheat using microsatellite markers. | hybrid necrosis is the gradual premature death of leaves or plants in certain f1 hybrids of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and it is caused by the interaction of two dominant complementary genes ne1 and ne2 located on chromosome arms 5bl and 2bs, respectively. to date, molecular markers linked to these genes have not been identified and linkage relationships of the two genes with other important genes in wheat have not been established. we observed that the f1 hybrids from the crosses between the ... | 2006 | 16518615 |
| effects of salicylic acid and cold treatments on protein levels and on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the apoplast of winter wheat leaves. | the effects of salicylic acid (sa) and cold on apoplastic protein levels and activities of apoplastic catalase (cat), peroxidase (pox) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) were investigated in winter wheat (triticum aestivum cv. dogu-88) leaves. the plants were grown with and without 10 microm sa treatment at both control (20/18 degrees c for 30 and 45-day) and cold (10/5 degrees c for 30-day and 5/3 degrees c for 45-day) acclimatisations. molecular masses of the apoplastic polypeptides were shown rangi ... | 2006 | 16519911 |
| evaluation of the antioxidant activity of wheatgrass (triticum aestivum l.) as a function of growth under different conditions. | the antioxidant activity of wheatgrass, which is consumed as a dietary supplement, was estimated at different levels. the methods employed include frap (ferric reducing antioxidant power), abts (2,2'-azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and dpph (1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays. aqueous and ethanol extracts of wheatgrass grown under different conditions over a period of 6, 7, 8, 10 and 15 days were used. lipid peroxidation and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) were determ ... | 2006 | 16521113 |
| wheat and maize thioredoxins: a novel cross-reactive cereal allergen family related to baker's asthma. | baker's asthma is a serious problem for a significant proportion of workers in bakeries, confectionaries, and the food industry. although several wheat allergens related to baker's asthma have been described, standardized reagents for a reliable diagnosis are not yet available. | 2006 | 16522470 |
| molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene yrch42 in chinese wheat cultivar chuanmai 42 and its allelism with yr24 and yr26. | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. the objectives of this study were to map a stripe rust resistance gene in chinese wheat cultivar chuanmai 42 using molecular markers and to investigate its allelism with yr24 and yr26. a total of 787 f2 plants and 186 f3 lines derived from a cross between resistant cultivar chuanmai 42 and susceptible line taichung 29 were used for resistance ... | 2006 | 16525837 |
| genetic diversity among xanthomonas campestris strains pathogenic for small grains. | a collection of 51 xanthomonas campestris strains from throughout the world was studied to detect and assess genetic diversity among pathogens of small grains. isolates from barley, bread wheat, bromegrass, canary grass, cassava, maize, orchard grass, rice, rough-stalked meadow grass, rye, timothy, and triticale were analyzed by pathogenicity tests on bread wheat cv. alondra and barley cv. corona, indirect immunofluorescence, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). three probes were ... | 1995 | 16534952 |
| occurrence of flavonoids and nucleosides in agricultural soils. | an ecologically relevant soil extraction procedure separated two types of molecules important for bacteria: flavonoids and small hydrophilic organic compounds. two flavonoids, identified previously as inducers of nodulation genes in rhizobium meliloti, were detected in rhizosphere soil from alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). in addition, biologically significant quantities (micromoles per kilogram) of ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides were found in all soils tested. long-term wheat (triticum a ... | 1997 | 16535739 |
| both wheat (triticum aestivum) bran arabinoxylans and gut flora-mediated fermentation products protect human colon cells from genotoxic activities of 4-hydroxynonenal and hydrogen peroxide. | dietary fibers are fermented by the gut flora to yield short chain fatty acids (scfas), which inhibit the growth of tumor cells, induce glutathione s-transferases (gsts), and protect cells from the genotoxic activity of 4-hydroxynonenal (hne). here, we investigated effects of wheat bran-derived arabinoxylans and fermentation products on these parameters of chemoprevention. newly isolated water extractable (weax) and alkali extractable arabinoxylans (aeax) were fermented under anaerobic condition ... | 2006 | 16536580 |
| aggregation and mortality of agriotes obscurus (coleoptera: elateridae) at insecticide-treated trap crops of wheat. | agriotes obscurus (l.) wireworms assembled in increasing numbers at rows of treated (agrox dl plus seed treatment) and untreated wheat, triticum aestivum l., planted at increasing densities (0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 seeds/cm). in treated wheat plots at all planting densities, no wireworm damage to seedlings was apparent, and total wireworms taken in core samples in wheat rows increased according to the asymptotic equation y = b0(1 -e(-blx)), where b0 is the asymptote, b1 is the slope of the initi ... | 2005 | 16539125 |
| influence of aphid species and barley yellow dwarf virus on soft red winter wheat yield. | yield loss in soft red winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., caused by aphid-transmitted barley yellow dwarf virus (family luteoviridae, genus luteovirus, bydv) was measured over a 2-yr period in central missouri. rhopalosiphum padi (l.) was the most common and economically important species, accounting for > 90% of the total aphids. schizaphis graminum (rondani), rhopalosiphum maidis (fitch), and sitobion avenae (f.) made up the remainder of the aphids. aphid numbers peaked at wheat stem elongati ... | 2005 | 16539127 |
| insect infestations, incidence of viral plant diseases, and yield of winter wheat in relation to planting date in the northern great plains. | planting date effects on arthropod infestation and viral plant disease are undocumented for winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., in south dakota and the northern great plains. winter wheat was planted over three dates (early, middle, and late; generally from late august to late september) to determine the effect on abundance of insect pests, incidence of plant damage, incidence of viral plant disease, and grain yield. the study was conducted simultaneously at two sites in south dakota over three ... | 2005 | 16539128 |
| solubilization of potassium-bearing minerals by a wild-type strain of bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium uptake by wheat. | two potassium (k)-bearing minerals, nanjing feldspar and suzhou illite, were used to investigate k mobilization by the wild-type strain nbt of bacillus edaphicus, also labeled mps+, selected for high activity in mobilizing potassium from minerals, and by four of its uv + licl mutants, mps++, mps+1, mps+2, and mps-. in liquid cultures, the five bacterial strains showed better growth on suzhou illite than on nanjing feldspar. suzhou illite was the better potassium source for the growth of the wild ... | 2006 | 16541160 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of four partial wheat-thinopyrum ponticum amphiploids and their reactions to fusarium head blight, tan spot, and stagonospora nodorum blotch. | four wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-thinopyrum ponticum derivatives ss5 (pi604926), ss156 (pi604947), ss363 (pi604970), and ss660 (pi604879), were identified as resistant to fusarium head blight (fhb), a serious fungal disease of wheat worldwide. seedling reactions to tan spot and stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb), two important foliar diseases of wheat, suggest that these four derivatives are resistant to tan spot and two of them (ss5 and ss156) are resistant to snb. fluorescent genomic in situ h ... | 2006 | 16544125 |
| gludy allele variations in aegilops tauschii and triticum aestivum: implications for the origins of hexaploid wheats. | to investigate the evolution and geographical origins of hexaploid wheat, we examined a 284 bp sequence from the promoter region of the gludy locus, coding for the y subunit of high-molecular-weight glutenin. fourteen different alleles were found in 100 accessions of aegilops tauschii and 169 of triticum aestivum. two alleles were present in both species; the other 7 alleles from ae. tauschii and 5 from t. aestivum were unique to their respective species. the two shared alleles differed at only ... | 2006 | 16568284 |
| cytokinin inhibition of respiration in mitochondria from six plant species. | the influence of 6-benzylaminopurine (bap) on the respiration by mitochondria from bush bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), mung bean (p. aureus roxburgh), soybean [glycine max (l.) merrill], maize (zea mays l.), pea (pisum sativum l.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was examined. bap, a synthetic cytokinin, consistently inhibited oxygen uptake by mitochondria from all species when malate was used as the substrate. the decrease in respiration was especially evident in the presence of adp or an uncou ... | 1980 | 16592862 |
| spent growth medium of pantoea agglomerans primes wheat suspension cells for augmented accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and enhanced peroxidase activity upon elicitation. | induced disease resistance in plants is based on multiple mechanisms, including cell "priming", i.e. an enhancement of the capacity to mobilize cellular defense responses upon pathogen attack. potent inducers of priming are, for example, salicylic acid, synthetic compounds such as a benzothiadiazole, and certain rhizosphere bacteria. while priming is well characterized for a number of dicot plants, only few cases of priming are documented in monocots. here, we report that the spent growth medium ... | 2006 | 16596409 |
| promoter shuffling at a nuclear gene for mitochondrial rpl27. involvement of interchromosome and subsequent intrachromosome recombinations. | the reclinomonas americana mitochondrial genome contains a mitochondrial ribosomal protein l27 (rpl27) gene, whereas the rpl27 gene is absent from all plant mitochondrial genomes examined to date. this suggests that plant mitochondrial rpl27 genes have been transferred previously from the mitochondrial genome to the nuclear genome. a nuclear cdna encoding mitochondrial rpl27 was identified in rice (oryza sativa). three similar sequences were identified: rpl27-1 and rpl27-2 on chromosome 8 and rp ... | 2006 | 16603668 |
| effects of molybdenum on antioxidative defense system and membrane lipid peroxidation in winter wheat under low temperature stress. | effects of molybdenum (mo) on antioxidative defense system and membrane lipid peroxidation in leaves of winter wheat (triticum aestivum h. var. huamai 8) were investigated under low temperature stress. results of experiments indicate that mo application in winter wheat induced a dramatic decrease in electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content under low temperature stress. the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (pox, ec 1.11.1.7) an ... | 2006 | 16622316 |