| substrate specificity screening of oat (avena sativa) seeds aminopeptidase demonstrate unusually broad tolerance in s1 pocket. | aminopeptidases are proteolytic enzymes that remove one amino acid at a time from n-terminus of peptidic substrates. in plants, inhibitors of aminopeptidases can find potential applications in agriculture as herbicides. in this report we have used a library of fluorogenic derivatives of natural and unnatural amino acids for substrate specificity profiling of oat (avena sativa) aminopeptidase. interestingly, we have found that this enzyme recognizes effectively among the natural amino acids basic ... | 2012 | 22366636 |
| hydration and pasting properties of oat (avena sativa) flour. | three oat cultivars and one oat breeding line were evaluated for chemical, hydration and pasting properties. protein, starch and β-glucan levels ranged 11.13∼14.37, 56.37∼64.86 and 3.44∼4.76%, respectively. the oat cultivars daeyang and seonyang contained higher β-glucan levels of 4.76 and 4.35%. the daeyang variety had a higher water absorption index (wai) of 2.83∼3.35 (g/g), but a lower water solubility index (wsi) of 8.67 ∼11.08%. daeyang and seonyang cultivars showed higher peak and trough v ... | 2012 | 24471068 |
| duplication and diversification of the leafy hull sterile1 and oryza sativa mads5 sepallata lineages in graminoid poales. | gene duplication and the subsequent divergence in function of the resulting paralogs via subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization is hypothesized to have played a major role in the evolution of plant form. the leafy hull sterile1 (lhs1) sepallata (sep) genes have been linked with the origin and diversification of the grass spikelet, but it is uncertain 1) when the duplication event that produced the lhs1 clade and its paralogous lineage oryza sativa mads5 (osm5) occurred, and 2) how chan ... | 2012 | 22340849 |
| isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite markers for avena sativa (poaceae) (oat). | a new set of microsatellite primers was developed for avena sativa and characterized to assess the level of genetic diversity among cultivars and wild genotypes. | 2012 | 22275767 |
| signaling pathway of a photoactivable rac1-gtpase in the early stages. | in modern life- and medical-sciences major efforts are currently concentrated on creating artificial photoenzymes, consisting of light- oxygen-voltage-sensitive (lov) domains fused to a target enzyme. such protein constructs possess great potential for controlling the cell metabolism as well as gene function upon light stimulus. this has recently been impressively demonstrated by designing a novel artificial fusion protein, connecting the aslov2-jα-photosensor from avena sativa with the rac1-gtp ... | 2012 | 22275005 |
| [photosystem ii characteristics of nine gramineae species in southern taklamakan desert]. | taking the gramineae species elytrigia intermedia, avena sativa, bromus inermis, elymus sibiricus, leymus tianschanicus, elymus dahuricus, festuca elata, agropyron cristatum, and puccinellia distans at the edge of cele oasis in southern taklimakan desert as test objects, this paper monitored their fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics after 20 minutes adaptation in darkness, compared their photosystem ii (ps ii) characteristics, and analyzed their adaptability to the local environment. among th ... | 2011 | 22263463 |
| development of a model system to identify differences in spring and winter oat. | our long-term goal is to develop a swedish winter oat (avena sativa). to identify molecular differences that correlate with winter hardiness, a winter oat model comprising of both non-hardy spring lines and winter hardy lines is needed. to achieve this, we selected 294 oat breeding lines, originating from various russian, german, and american winter oat breeding programs and tested them in the field in south- and western sweden. by assaying for winter survival and agricultural properties during ... | 2012 | 22253782 |
| light qualities and dose influence ascorbate pool size in detached oat leaves. | in this work, we studied the mechanism of light influence on asa pool size in avena sativa l. under the effects of low intensity light at different wavelengths. exposure to low intensity light of oat leaf segments incubated in water or in l-galactono-1,4-lactone (gl), resulted in an increase in asa content compared with the dark control. this increase was due to modulation of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (gldh; ec 1.3.2.3) light-dependent activity and was dependent on the size of the en ... | 2012 | 22195578 |
| transferability and utility of white oat (avena sativa) microsatellite markers for genetic studies in black oat (avena strigosa). | preservation and use of wild oat species germplasm are essential for further improvement of cultivated oats. we analyzed the transferability and utility of cultivated (white) oat avena sativa (aaccdd genome) microsatellite markers for genetic studies of black oat a. strigosa (a(s)a(s) genome) genotypes. the dna of each black oat genotype was extracted from young leaves and amplified by pcr using 24 microsatellite primers developed from white oat. the pcr products were separated on 3% agarose gel ... | 2011 | 22179963 |
| antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of frequently consumed cereal grains using in vitro test models. | the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts obtained from eight varieties (faikbey, y-1779, ci-8357, cheokota, seydişehir, y-330, sivas and yvd-18) of oat (avena sativa l.), one variety (larende) of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), one variety (tatlicak 97) of triticale (triticale sp.) and one rye variety (aslim 95) (secale cereale l.) were investigated for their antioxidant effects in seven test systems. anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa ... | 2012 | 22149516 |
| molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene eg-3 in cultivated oat (avena sativa l. cv. rollo). | powdery mildew is a prevalent fungal disease affecting oat (avena sativa l.) production in europe. common oat cultivar rollo was previously shown to carry the powdery mildew resistance gene eg-3 in common with cultivar mostyn. the resistance gene was mapped with restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers from triticeae group-1 chromosomes using a population of f(3) lines from a cross between a. byzantina cv. kanota and a. sativa cv. rollo. this comparative mapping approach positione ... | 2012 | 22125160 |
| wood pellet fly ash and bottom ash as an effective liming agent and nutrient source for rye grass (lolium perenne l.) and oats (avena sativa). | fly ash (fa) and bottom ash (ba) from a softwood pellet boiler were characterized and evaluated as soil amendments. in a greenhouse study, two plant species (rye grass, lolium perenne l. and oats, avena sativa) were grown in three different treatments (1% fa, 1% ba, non-amended control) of a silty loam soil. total concentrations of plant nutrients ca, k, mg, p and zn in both ashes were elevated compared to conventional wood ash. concentrations of cd, cr, pb, se and zn were found to be elevated i ... | 2012 | 22104334 |
| feed consumption, diet digestibility and mineral utilization in captive blackbuck (antelope cervicapra) fed different levels of concentrates. | a feeding trial was conducted to know the level of concentrates in the diet of antelope cervicapra at which diet digestibility and mineral utilization were optimum. fifteen blackbucks (25-33 kg bw) were distributed into three groups of five each. fresh oat (avena sativa) and berseem (trifolium alexandrinum) fodders were offered ad libitum to all the animals. in addition, animals in groups ii and iii received concentrate mixture at the rate of 0.5 and 1% of bw, whereas animals in group i received ... | 2013 | 22093070 |
| effect of sewage water on mineral nutritive potential of six fodder species grown under semiarid conditions. | investigation was performed to assess the effect of different sewage water treatments on the metal status of different fodder species consumed by ruminants under semi-arid conditions. five samples each of six fodder species viz., trifolium alexandrinum, cichorium intybus, avena sativa, medicago polymorpha, brassica campestris and medicago sativa were collected from three fields irrigated with canal water, mix water (canal water and sewage water) and sewage water, respectively. fodder samples wer ... | 2011 | 23961142 |
| toxicity of sodium tungstate to earthworm, oat, radish, and lettuce. | due to unknown effects of the potential exposure of the terrestrial environment to tungsten substances, a series of toxicity studies of sodium tungstate (na(2) wo(4) ) was conducted. the effect on earthworm (eisenia fetida) survival and reproduction was examined using organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd) guideline 222. no effect on either endpoint was seen at the highest concentration tested, resulting in a 56-d no-observed-effect concentration (noec) of ≥586 mg tungsten ... | 2011 | 21805499 |
| new diversity arrays technology (dart) markers for tetraploid oat (avena magna murphy et terrell) provide the first complete oat linkage map and markers linked to domestication genes from hexaploid a. sativa l. | nutritional benefits of cultivated oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42, aaccdd) are well recognized; however, seed protein levels are modest and resources for genetic improvement are scarce. the wild tetraploid, a. magna murphy et terrell (syn a. maroccana gdgr., 2n = 4x = 28, ccdd), which contains approximately 31% seed protein, was hybridized with cultivated oat to produce a domesticated a. magna. wild and cultivated accessions were crossed to generate a recombinant inbred line (ril) population ... | 2011 | 21805339 |
| acute effects of an avena sativa herb extract on responses to the stroop color-word test. | extracts from oat (avena sativa) herb may benefit cognitive performance. this study investigated whether neuravena(®), an oat herb extract, could acutely improve responses to the stroop color-word test, a measure of attention and concentration and the ability to maintain task focus. | 2011 | 21711204 |
| effect of chemical systemic acquired resistance elicitors on avenanthramide biosynthesis in oat (avena sativa). | oats produce a group of phenolic antioxidants termed avenanthramides. these metabolites are, among food crops, unique to oats and have shown, in experimental systems, certain desirable nutritional characteristics such as inhibiting atherosclerotic plaque formation and reducing inflammation. avenanthramides occur in both the leaves and grain of oat. in the leaves they are expressed as phytoalexins in response to crown rust (puccina coronata) infection. the experiments reported here demonstrate th ... | 2011 | 21598950 |
| recent studies on aphrodisiac herbs for the management of male sexual dysfunction--a review. | an aphrodisiac is a type of food or drink that has the effect of making those who eat or drink it more aroused in a sexual way. aphrodisiacs can be categorized according to their mode of action into three groups: substances that increase libido (i.e., sexual desire, arousal), substances that increase sexual potency (i.e., effectiveness of erection) and substances that increase sexual pleasure. some well-known aphrodisiacs are tribulus terrestrins, withania somnifera, eurycoma longifolia, avena s ... | 2011 | 21485695 |
| evaluation of factors contributing to excessive nitrate accumulation in fodder crops leading to ill-health in dairy animals. | a study was conducted to estimate nitrate content in commonly used fodder crops, viz., berseem (trifolium alexandrinum), bajra (pennisetum glaucum), maize (zea mays), oats (avena sativa), sorghum (sorghum vulgare) and toriya (brassica napus), collected from the fields of different villages of punjab and farms of the university, and to evaluate the factors associated with nitrate accumulation in these crops. the nitrate level was highest in sorghum on dry matter basis, followed by oats and toriya ... | 2011 | 21430916 |
| modulating lov domain photodynamics with a residue alteration outside the chromophore binding site. | phototropins, a class of light-activated protein kinases, are essential for several blue light responses in plants and algae, including phototropism. these proteins contain two internal light, oxygen, and voltage sensitive (lov) domains, which bind flavin chromophores and undergo a reversible photochemical formation of a cysteinyl-flavin adduct as part of the light sensing process. while the photodynamic properties of such photosensory domains are dictated by interactions between the chromophore ... | 2011 | 21323358 |
| effects of water-saving superabsorbent polymer on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in oat (avena sativa l.) under drought stress. | drought stress significantly limits oat (avena sativa l.) growth and productivity. thus an efficient management of soil moisture and study of metabolic changes in response to drought are important for improved production of oat. the objective was to gain a better understanding of drought tolerance mechanisms and improve soil water management strategies using water-saving superabsorbent polymer (sap) at 60 kg ha(-1) under three irrigation levels (adequate, moderate and deficit) using a new type o ... | 2011 | 21302322 |
| model snp development for complex genomes based on hexaploid oat using high-throughput 454 sequencing technology. | genetic markers are pivotal to modern genomics research; however, discovery and genotyping of molecular markers in oat has been hindered by the size and complexity of the genome, and by a scarcity of sequence data. the purpose of this study was to generate oat expressed sequence tag (est) information, develop a bioinformatics pipeline for snp discovery, and establish a method for rapid, cost-effective, and straightforward genotyping of snp markers in complex polyploid genomes such as oat. | 2011 | 21272354 |
| the primary photophysics of the avena sativa phototropin 1 lov2 domain observed with time-resolved emission spectroscopy. | the phototropins are blue-light receptors that base their light-dependent action on the reversible formation of a covalent bond between a flavin mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor and a conserved cysteine in light, oxygen or voltage (lov) domains. the primary reactions of the avena sativa phototropin 1 lov2 domain were investigated by means of time-resolved and low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy. synchroscan streak camera experiments revealed a fluorescence lifetime of 2.2 ns in lov2. a weak l ... | 2017 | 21261629 |
| rhealba® oat plantlet extract: evidence of protein-free content and assessment of regulatory activity on immune inflammatory mediators. | owing to their high content of flavonoids and saponins, plantlets of avena sativa l. (poaceae) are likely to possess anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties of value in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (ad). with a view to its potential use in atopic subjects at risk of developing sensitisation to dietary proteins, we prepared a plantlet extract without proteins and isolated 2 flavonoids, isoorientin-2''- o-arabinoside (1) and isovitexin-2''- o-arabinoside (2), and two saponins, aven ... | 2011 | 21240840 |
| allelopathic effects of ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia l.) on cultivated plants. | during the past years ragweed has been coming to the forefront of interest in hungary and in other european countries as well because its serious health risk. results of the 5th national weed survey has proven that ragweed is the most important weed species on hungarian field lands, its coverage shows a rising tendency in cereals moreover it not only occurs in cultivated plants. allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts derived from different parts of ragweed plants (air dried leafy stems, seeds) ... | 2011 | 22696964 |
| drought stress induced changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in genus avena. | seven species of genus avena viz., avena sativa, avena strigosa, avena brevis, avena vaviloviana, avena abyssinica, avena marocana and avena sterilis were used to study the impact of drought stress on lipid peroxidation and other antioxidant enzymes. maximum increase in the catalase activity was recorded in a. vaviloviana (129.97%) followed by a. sativa (122.82%) and a. brevis (83.38%) at vegetative stage; however at flowering stage the maximum increase was reported in a. sativa (25.62%) followe ... | 2010 | 21186716 |
| phytotoxic clerodane diterpenes from salvia miniata fernald (lamiaceae). | our ongoing research to identify natural growth inhibitors with diterpene and triterpene skeletons exuding from the surface of the aerial parts of salvia species led us to study salvia miniata fernald. ten clerodane diterpenoids were found, along with three known diterpenes. most of the isolated compounds from s. miniata inhibited the germination of papaver rhoeas l. and avena sativa l. in petri dish experiments. parallel results have been obtained in experiments carried out to evaluate the subs ... | 2011 | 21130478 |
| mechanism of signal transduction of the lov2-jα photosensor from avena sativa. | fusion proteins containing blue-light-activable protein domains possess great potential as molecular switches in cell signalling. this has recently been impressively demonstrated by connecting the light oxygen voltage lov2-jα-protein domain of a. sativa (aslov2-jα) with the rac1-gtpase, responsible for regulating the morphology and motility of metazoan cells. however, a target-oriented development of fusion proteins in conjunction with this photosensor is still very challenging, because a detail ... | 2010 | 21081920 |
| population structure and linkage disequilibrium in oat (avena sativa l.): implications for genome-wide association studies. | the level of population structure and the extent of linkage disequilibrium (ld) can have large impacts on the power, resolution, and design of genome-wide association studies (gwas) in plants. until recently, the topics of ld and population structure have not been explored in oat due to the lack of a high-throughput, high-density marker system. the objectives of this research were to survey the level of population structure and the extent of ld in oat germplasm and determine their implications f ... | 2011 | 21042793 |
| 210pb and 210po in finnish cereals. | a survey was carried out on the activity concentrations of (210)pb and (210)po in cereal grains produced in finland. the cereal species were wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale), oats (avena sativa) and barley (hordeum vulgare), which account for 90% of the finnish consumption of cereal products. the survey consisted of 18 flour and 13 unprocessed cereal samples and one hulled grain sample from 22 flour mills. according to the results, the mean (210)pb/(210)po concentrations in wheat ... | 2011 | 21035236 |
| increased water resistance of ctmp fibers by oat (avena sativa l.) husk lignin. | the insertion of oat husk lignin onto chemithermomechanical pulp (ctmp) fibers was studied to increase fiber hydrophobicity. the pretreated pulp samples were subsequently used for preparation of handsheets for characterization. treatment of ctmp with laccase in the presence of oat husk lignin resulted in a significant increase in hydrophobicity of the handsheet surface, as indicated by dynamic contact angle analysis. water absorption time of 8 s was obtained with initial contact angle of 118°. a ... | 2010 | 20973545 |
| electrogenic plasma membrane h+-atpase activity using voltage sensitive dyes. | fast responding voltage sensitive dyes, rh421 and di-4-aspbs, were used to study the electrogenic properties of plant plasma membrane proton pumps on sealed plasma membrane vesicles extracted by two-phase partitioning from beta vulgaris and avena sativa cv swan root material. fluorescence spectroscopy in the presence of the dye rh421 (10.8 nm) was sufficiently sensitive to detect electrogenic activity of the extracted plant vesicles. the dye detection system could detect inhibition of electrogen ... | 2010 | 20734224 |
| soluble sugar availability of aerobically germinated barley, oat and rice coleoptiles in anoxia. | physiological and metabolic responses to anoxia were compared for aerobically germinated seedlings of barley (hordeum vulgare), oat (avena sativa) and rice (oryza sativa). coleoptile growth of barley, oat and rice seedlings was suppressed by a 24 h-anoxic stress, but the growth of the rice coleoptiles was much greater than that of the barley and oat coleoptiles. atp concentration in the anoxic rice coleoptiles was greater than that in the anoxic barley and oat coleoptiles. concentrations of etha ... | 2010 | 20727618 |
| in situ disappearance of dry matter and fiber from fall-grown cereal-grain forages from the north-central united states. | recent research has demonstrated that fall-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.), triticale (x triticosecale wittmack), and oat (avena sativa l.) forages contain limited lignin and exhibit relatively stable estimates of in vitro true dm disappearance, as well as tdn, across a wide fall-harvest window. these traits suggest that ruminal availability of forage fiber is extensive. our objectives were to evaluate this premise by assessing in situ dm and ndf disappearance for kaskaskia wheat, trical 2700 ... | 2010 | 20709871 |
| a new chromosome nomenclature system for oat (avena sativa l. and a. byzantina c. koch) based on fish analysis of monosomic lines. | fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) with multiple probes was used to analyze mitotic and meiotic chromosome spreads of avena sativa cv 'sun ii' monosomic lines, and of a. byzantina cv 'kanota' monosomic lines from spontaneous haploids. the probes used were a. strigosa pas120a (a repetitive sequence abundant in a-genome chromatin), a. murphyi pam1 (a repetitive sequence abundant in c-genome chromatin), a. strigosa pits (internal transcribed spacer of rdna) and the wheat rdna probes pta71 (nu ... | 2010 | 20658121 |
| heavy metal concentrations in plants and different harvestable parts: a soil-plant equilibrium model. | a mathematical interaction model, validated by experimental results, was developed to modeling the metal uptake by plants and induced growth decrease, by knowing metal in soils. the model relates the dynamics of the uptake of metals from soil to plants. also, two types of relationships are tested: total and available metal content. the model successfully fitted the experimental data and made it possible to predict the threshold values of total mortality with a satisfactory approach. data are tak ... | 2010 | 20605666 |
| use of earthworms (eisenia fetida) to reduce phytotoxicity and promote humification of pre-composted olive oil mill wastewater. | olive mill wastewaters (omww) contain a high recalcitrant organic load and an associated toxicity that make their treatment necessary before environmental application. the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of promoting the valorization and reducing the phytotoxicity of omww through a pre-composting process together with straw-chip bulking materials followed by the application of earthworms (eisenia fetida) in the presence of oat seedlings (avena sativa l.) seedlings. | 2010 | 20602513 |
| rationally improving lov domain-based photoswitches. | genetically encoded protein photosensors are promising tools for engineering optical control of cellular behavior; we are only beginning to understand how to couple these light detectors to effectors of choice. here we report a method that increases the dynamic range of an artificial photoswitch based on the lov2 domain of avena sativa phototropin 1 (aslov2). this approach can potentially be used to improve many aslov2-based photoswitches. | 2010 | 20562867 |
| qtls for important breeding characteristics in the doubled haploid oat progeny. | a homozygous mapping population, consisting of doubled haploid (dh) oat (avena sativa l.) plants generated through anther culture of f1 plants from the cross between the finnish cultivar 'aslak' and the swedish cultivar 'matilda', was used to construct an oat linkage map. ten agronomic and quality traits were analyzed in the dh plants from field trials in 2005 and 2006. leaf blotch (caused by pyrenophora avenae) resistance was also evaluated in a greenhouse test with 2 different isolates. one to ... | 2010 | 20555437 |
| development of oat-based markers from barley and wheat microsatellites. | although microsatellites are an efficient and reliable genetic marker system, availability is limited in cultivated oat (avena sativa l.). previous research has suggested that microsatellites from related species may be adapted to oat. this study investigated the stability of existing oat microsatellites, sequenced polymorphic oat amplicons derived from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) primers, and redesigned primers to develop oat-based markers. we evaluated 161 publ ... | 2010 | 20555435 |
| effects of native grass cover crops on beneficial and pest invertebrates in australian vineyards. | indigenous cover crops have the potential to promote an increase in natural enemies providing fortuitous control of pest species and other ecosystem services. we test this idea in a vineyard in south eastern australia, where reduced water availability because of drought coupled with increased temperatures has generated interest in sustainable alternatives to the exotic perennial cover crops commonly planted. three endemic perennial cover crops, comprising the grasses austrodanthonia richardsonii ... | 2010 | 20550812 |
| hindered rotation of a cofactor methyl group as a probe for protein-cofactor interaction. | exploring protein-cofactor interactions on a molecular level is one of the major challenges in modern biophysics. based on structural data alone it is rarely possible to identify how subtle interactions between a protein and its cofactor modulate the protein's reactivity. in the case of enzymatic processes in which paramagnetic molecules play a certain role, epr and related methods such as endor are suitable techniques to unravel such important details. in this contribution, we describe how cryo ... | 2010 | 20536240 |
| mobilization of lipid reserves during germination of oat (avena sativa l.), a cereal rich in endosperm oil. | since the cereal endosperm is a dead tissue in the mature grain, beta-oxidation is not possible there. this raises the question about the use of the endosperm oil in cereal grains during germination. in this study, mobilization of lipids in different tissues of germinating oat grains was analysed using thin-layer and gas chromatography. the data imply that the oat endosperm oil [triacylglycerol (tag)] is not a dead-end product as it was absorbed by the scutellum, either as free fatty acids (ffas ... | 2010 | 20497973 |
| variability in xylanase and xylanase inhibition activities in different cereals in the healthgrain diversity screen and contribution of environment and genotype to this variability in common wheat. | endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8, xylanases) and xylanase inhibitors, that is, taxi (triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor), xip (xylanase inhibiting protein), and tlxi (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor) type xylanase inhibitors, which naturally occur in cereals, are believed to be at the basis of a significant part of the variability in biotechnological functional properties of cereals. xylanase inhibitors in particular affect grain functionality during processing and in animal feeds when ... | 2010 | 20462210 |
| the chromosome content and genotype of two wheat cell lines and of their somatic fusion product with oat. | somatic hybridization seeks to genetically combine phylogenetically distant parents. an effective system has been established in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) involving protoplasts from a non-totipotent cell line adapted to in vitro culture (t(1)) in combination with totipotent protoplasts harvested from embryogenic calli (t(2)). here, we report the karyotype and genotype of t(1) and t(2). line t(1) carries nine a (a-genome of wheat), seven b (b-genome of wheat) and eight d (d-genome of whe ... | 2010 | 20204401 |
| phytotoxic activity of salvia x jamensis. | a study has been carried out on the surface exudate of salvia x jamensis, which showed a significant phytotoxic activity against papaver rhoeas l. and avena sativa l.. bioguided separation of the exudate yielded active fractions from which 3 beta-hydroxy-isopimaric acid (1), hautriwaic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), 7,8 beta-dihydrosalviacoccin (4), isopimaric acid (5), 14 alpha-hydroxy-isopimaric acid (7), 15,16-epoxy-7 alpha, 10 beta-dihydroxy-clerod-3,13(16),14-trien-17,12;18,19-diolide (8), c ... | 2009 | 20120094 |
| lipid asymmetry in plant plasma membranes: phosphate deficiency-induced phospholipid replacement is restricted to the cytosolic leaflet. | as in other eukaryotes, plant plasma membranes contain sphingolipids, phospholipids, and free sterols. in addition, plant plasma membranes also contain sterol derivatives and usually <5 mol% of a galactolipid, digalactosyldiacylglycerol (dgdg). we earlier reported that compared to fully fertilized oats (avena sativa), oats cultivated without phosphate replaced up to 70 mol% of the root plasma membrane phospholipids with dgdg. here, we investigated the implications of a high dgdg content on membr ... | 2010 | 19966136 |
| [effect of strengthening solar ultraviolet b band irradiation on oat (avena sativa l. ) yield and its components in qing tibetan plateau]. | stratospheric ozone depletion occurs mainly over polar regions during the spring when the solar ultraviolet b-band (280-315 nm, uv-b) radiation is most intense in a year, but over the qing tibetan plateau region, the highest intensity is from june to september when the amount of uv-b radiation reaching the regions is more than that in the adjacent areas lying in the same latitude by 10%. from june to september is just the time of plant's germination, development, and reproduction in the alpine r ... | 2009 | 19839346 |
| angiotensin-i converting enzyme inhibitory activity of hydrolysates from oat (avena sativa) proteins by in silico and in vitro analyses. | the potential for producing antihypertensive peptides from oat proteins through enzymatic hydrolysis was assessed in silico and confirmed in vitro. thermolysin (ec 3.4.24.27) was predicted using biopep database as the enzyme that would theoretically produce the most angiotensin i converting enzyme (ace) inhibitory peptides from oat. experimental evidence confirmed that strong ace-inhibitory activity was produced under various hydrolysis conditions. hydrolysates produced under high enzyme-to-subs ... | 2009 | 19731915 |
| addition of individual chromosomes of maize inbreds b73 and mo17 to oat cultivars starter and sun ii: maize chromosome retention, transmission, and plant phenotype. | oat-maize addition (oma) lines with one, or occasionally more, chromosomes of maize (zea mays l., 2n = 2x = 20) added to an oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42) genomic background can be produced via embryo rescue from sexual crosses of oat x maize. self-fertile disomic addition lines of different oat genotypes, mainly cultivar starter, as recipient for maize chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and the short arm of 10 and a monosomic addition line for chromosome 8, have been reported previously i ... | 2009 | 19707741 |
| nitrogen fertilizer effects on soil carbon balances in midwestern u.s. agricultural systems. | a single ecosystem dominates the midwestern united states, occupying 26 million hectares in five states alone: the corn-soybean agroecosystem [zea mays l.-glycine max (l.) merr.]. nitrogen (n) fertilization could influence the soil carbon (c) balance in this system because the corn phase is fertilized in 97-100% of farms, at an average rate of 135 kg n x ha(-1) x yr(-1). we evaluated the impacts on two major processes that determine the soil c balance, the rates of organic-carbon (oc) inputs and ... | 2009 | 19688919 |
| [effects of enhanced solar uv-b radiation on the effective photosynthetic leaf area and milking phase of oat under natural field condition in qing tibetan plateau]. | stratospheric ozone depletion occurs mainly over polar regions during the spring when the solar ultraviolet b-band (280-315 nm, uv-b) radiation is most intense in a year, but over the qing tibetan plateau region, the intensity is highest from june to september when the amount of uv-b radiation reaching the regions is more than that in the adjacent areas lying in the same latitude by 10%. from june to september is just the time of plant's germination, development, and reproduction in the alpine r ... | 2009 | 19650494 |
| conformational heterogeneity and propagation of structural changes in the lov2/jalpha domain from avena sativa phototropin 1 as recorded by temperature-dependent ftir spectroscopy. | phototropins control phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and leaf expansion in plants. phototropin 1 (phot1) is composed of a kinase domain linked to two blue light-sensing domains, lov2 and lov1, which bind flavin mononucleotide. disruption of the interaction between the lov2 domain and a helical segment named jalpha, joining lov to the kinase domain, induces the subsequent kinase activity of phototropin 1 and further-downstream signal transduction. here we study the effects o ... | 2009 | 19580761 |
| primary reactions of the lov2 domain of phototropin studied with ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. | phototropins, major blue-light receptors in plants, are sensitive to blue light through a pair of flavin mononucleotide (fmn)-binding light oxygen and voltage (lov) domains, lov1 and lov2. lov2 undergoes a photocycle involving light-driven covalent adduct formation between a conserved cysteine and the fmn c(4a) atom. here, the primary reactions of avena sativa phototropin 1 lov2 (aslov2) were studied using ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. the singlet excited state (s1) ... | 2009 | 19580760 |
| changes in cadmium mobility during composting and after soil application. | the effect of twelve weeks of composting on the mobility and bioavailability of cadmium in six composts containing sewage sludge, wood chips and grass was studied, along with the cadmium immobilization capacity of compost. two different soils were used and cd accumulation measured in above-ground oat biomass (avena sativa l.). increasing ph appears to be an important cause of the observed decreases in available cadmium through the composting process. a pot experiment was performed with two diffe ... | 2009 | 19398321 |
| effects of vegetable oil residue after soil extraction on physical-chemical properties of sandy soil and plant growth. | vegetable oil has the ability to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from contaminated sandy soil for a remediation purpose, with some of the oil remaining in the soil. although most of the pahs were removed, the risk of residue oil in the soil was not known. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the vegetable oil residue on higher plant growth and sandy soil properties after soil extraction for a better understanding of the soil remediation. addition of sunflowe ... | 2008 | 19209632 |
| new dart markers for oat provide enhanced map coverage and global germplasm characterization. | genomic discovery in oat and its application to oat improvement have been hindered by a lack of genetic markers common to different genetic maps, and by the difficulty of conducting whole-genome analysis using high-throughput markers. this study was intended to develop, characterize, and apply a large set of oat genetic markers based on diversity array technology (dart). | 2009 | 19159465 |
| high-resolution spatial and temporal analysis of phytoalexin production in oats. | the production of oat (avena sativa l.) phytoalexins, avenanthramides, occurs in response to elicitor treatment with oligo-n-acetylchitooligosaccharides. in this study, avenanthramides production was investigated by techniques that provide high spatial and temporal resolution in order to clarify the process of phytoalexin production at the cellular level. the amount of avenanthramides accumulation in a single mesophyll cell was quantified by a combination of laser micro-sampling and low-diffuse ... | 2009 | 19148672 |
| a conserved glutamine plays a central role in lov domain signal transmission and its duration. | light is a key stimulus for plant biological functions, several of which are controlled by light-activated kinases known as phototropins, a group of kinases that contain two light-sensing domains (lov, light-oxygen-voltage domains) and a c-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain. the second sensory domain, lov2, plays a key role in regulating kinase enzymatic activity via the photochemical formation of a covalent adduct between a lov2 cysteine residue and an internally bound flavin mononucleotid ... | 2008 | 19063612 |
| carbon partitioning between oil and carbohydrates in developing oat (avena sativa l.) seeds. | cereals accumulate starch in the endosperm as their major energy reserve in the grain. in most cereals the embryo, scutellum, and aleurone layer are high in oil, but these tissues constitute a very small part of the total seed weight. however, in oat (avena sativa l.) most of the oil in kernels is deposited in the same endosperm cells that accumulate starch. thus oat endosperm is a desirable model system to study the metabolic switches responsible for carbon partitioning between oil and starch s ... | 2008 | 19036843 |
| transformation of oats and its application to improving osmotic stress tolerance. | oat (avena sativa l.), a worldwide temperate cereal crop, is deficient in tolerance to osmotic stress due to drought and/or salinity. to genetically transform the available commercial oat cultivars, a genotype-independent and efficient regeneration system from shoot apical meristems was developed using four oat cultivars: prairie, porter, ogle, and pacer. all these oat cultivars generated a genotype-independent in vitro differentiated multiple shoots from shoot apical meristems at a high frequen ... | 2009 | 19009445 |
| perturbation of the ground-state electronic structure of fmn by the conserved cysteine in phototropin lov2 domains. | in lov2, the blue-light sensitive domain of phototropin, the primary photophysical event involves intersystem crossing (isc) from the singlet-excited state to the triplet state. the isc rate is enhanced in lov2 as compared to flavin mononucleotide (fmn) in solution, which likely results from a heavy-atom effect of a nearby conserved cysteine, c450. here, we applied fluorescence line narrowing (fln), resonance raman (rr) and fourier-transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy to investigate the electr ... | 2008 | 18989482 |
| asymmetric somatic hybridization between wheat (triticum aestivum) and avena sativa l. | protoplasts from cell suspensions ofyoung-embryo-derived calli, which were nonregenerable for long-term subculture and protoplasts from embryogenic calli with the regeneration capacity of 75% ofthe same wheat jinan 177, were mixed as recipient. protoplasts from embryogenic calli of avena sativa (with the regeneration capacity ofless than 10%) irradiated with uv at an intensity of 300 muw/cm(2) for 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 5 min were used as the donor. protoplasts ofthe recipient and the donor ... | 2003 | 18763139 |
| analysis of oil composition in cultivars and wild species of oat (avena sp.). | oil quality and content were analyzed in 33 accessions from 13 wild species and 10 accessions of cultivated oat. wild oat species tended to have higher oil and 18:1 fatty acid (fa) contents and lower amounts of 18:2 and 18:3 fas as compared to cultivated oats. in addition to common fas, minor amounts of several hydroxy and epoxy fas were also present in the oat oil and mainly confined to specific lipid classes. these unusual fas included the previously reported 15-hydroxy 18:2 (delta9,12) (aveno ... | 2008 | 18707115 |
| the first doubled haploid linkage map for cultivated oat. | to date, all linkage maps of hexaploid oat (avena sativa l.) have been constructed using recombinant inbred lines (rils). doubled haploids (dhs), however, have the advantage over rils of their comprehensive homozygosity. dhs have been used for mapping in several cereal species, but in oats the production of large dh populations has only recently become an option. a linkage map of hexaploid oat was constructed using an anther culture-derived dh population (137 individuals) from the f1 individuals ... | 2008 | 18650946 |
| genetic diversity among oat varieties of worldwide origin and associations of aflp markers with quantitative traits. | one hundred and fourteen oat (avena sativa l.) varieties of worldwide origin were evaluated for genetic diversity based on 77 molecular polymorphisms produced by eight selective aflp primer combinations. genetic similarity, calculated using the dice coefficient, was used for cluster analysis and principal component analysis was applied. in addition population structure was explored to identify discrete subpopulations based on allele frequency. although clustering and population structure showed ... | 2008 | 18633590 |
| yield of four agaricus bisporus strains in three compost formulations and chemical composition analyses of the mushrooms. | three compost formulations, consisting of two varieties of cynodom dactylon (l.) pers. (coast-cross and tyfton) and oat (avena sativa) straw were tested for the cultivation of a. bisporus strains abi-01/01, abi-04/02, abi-05/03, and abi-06/04. a completely randomized experimental design in a factorial scheme was adopted, with 12 treatments (4 a. bisporus strains × 3 types of compost) and 8 replicates. each experimental unit corresponded to one box containing 12 - 12.5 kg fresh wet compost. the d ... | 2008 | 24031271 |
| can artificial soil be used in the vegetative vigor test for u.s. pesticide registration? | current testing guidelines for pesticide registration for the protection of nontarget plants calls for the use of sterilized, standardized soil consisting of primarily sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy clay, or clay loam that contains up to 3% organic matter. low organic matter soils can be difficult to manage in a greenhouse setting because when soils dry, they contract, causing impeded water infiltration, or when overwatered, poor drainage increases the chances of anaerobic conditions. the purpose ... | 2008 | 18563958 |
| fusion of oil bodies in endosperm of oat grains. | few microscopical studies have been made on lipid storage in oat grains, with variable results as to the extent of lipid accumulation in the starchy endosperm. grains of medium- and high-lipid oat (avena sativa l.) were studied at two developmental stages and at maturity, by light microscopy using different staining methods, and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. discrete oil bodies occurred in the aleurone layer, scutellum and embryo. in contrast, oil bodies in the starchy endosp ... | 2008 | 18563438 |
| bioavailability of chemical pollutants in contaminated soils and pitfalls of chemical analyses in hazard assessment. | decision-making for remediation of industrial wastelands are still based on the concentrations of pollutants of concern measured in soils. in this work, two soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and metals were investigated for their toxicity on earthworms (eisenia fetida), collembolae (folsomia candida), and higher plants (brassica chinensis, lactucca sativa and avena sativa) in order to study the relationships between chemical contamination and biological effects. although ... | 2008 | 18561306 |
| development of pcr-based scar and caps markers linked to beta-glucan and protein content qtl regions in oat. | a key breeding objective in oat (avena sativa l.) is cultivars with high and low beta-glucan content. in a targeted strategy to develop pcr-based markers linked to published beta-glucan content quantitative trait loci (qtls) regions, 15 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fragments were cloned and their sequences used to design sequence-characterized amplified region (scar) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (caps) primers. the 13 derived scar markers and 2 derived caps markers were ... | 2008 | 18521120 |
| biological testing of a digested sewage sludge and derived composts. | aiming to evaluate a possible loss of soil habitat function after amendment with organic wastes, a digested sewage sludge and derived composts produced with green residues, where biologically tested in the laboratory using soil animals (eisenia andrei and folsomia candida) and plants (brassica rapa and avena sativa). each waste was tested mimicking a field application of 6ton/ha or 12ton/ha. avoidance tests did not reveal any impact of sludge and composts to soil biota. germination and growth te ... | 2008 | 18413285 |
| line-scanning microscopy for time-gated and spectrally resolved fluorescence imaging. | laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy for efficient acquisition of time-gated and spectrally resolved fluorescence images was developed based on line illumination of the laser beam and detection of the fluorescence image through a slit. in this optical arrangement, the fluorescence image was obtained by scanning only one axis perpendicular to the excitation line, and the acquisition time was significantly reduced compared with conventional laser-scanning confocal microscopy. a multidimensional ... | 2008 | 19669492 |
| interactions between chromophore and protein in phytochrome identified by novel oxa-, thia- and carba-chromophores. | six new bilin chromophores of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome have been synthesized, carrying at the photoisomerizing ring d an oxygen or a sulfur atom or a methylene group instead of the pyrrole nitrogen atom. these furanone-, thiophenone- or cyclopentenone-containing compounds bound covalently to the recombinant apophytochrome phya of avena sativa. the novel chromoproteins showed hypsochromically shifted absorption spectra with respect to native phytochrome and a strongly diminished photoc ... | 2013 | 18363618 |
| reproduction and feeding behavior of myzus persicae on four cereals. | green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), does not overwinter outdoors in minnesota; it arrives each spring on low-level jet streams from the south. after arrival, anholocylic reproduction occurs on numerous herbaceous species, including many common weeds, before movement to potato, solanum tuberosum l. in investigating aphid feeding behavior on barrier crops, we observed winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., colonized by green peach aphid. the northern great plains grows 94,000 ha of potatoes a ... | 2008 | 18330110 |
| evaluating wastewater-induced plant genotoxicity using randomly amplified polymorphic dna. | wastewater often contains genotoxic substances that can resist different stages of the treatment process. in the present study, randomly amplified polymorphic dna technology was applied to evaluate the genotoxic effects of wastewater (treated and raw) irrigation on oat plants (avena sativa). rapd profiles obtained showed that both treated and raw wastewater (rww) were having genotoxic effects on oat plants. this was apparent by the appearance/disappearance of bands in the treatments compared wit ... | 2008 | 18214923 |
| discrete developmental roles for temperate cereal grass vernalization1/fruitfull-like genes in flowering competency and the transition to flowering. | members of the grass subfamily pooideae are characterized by their adaptation to cool temperate climates. vernalization is the process whereby flowering is accelerated in response to a prolonged period of cold. winter cereals are tolerant of low temperatures and flower earlier with vernalization, whereas spring cultivars are intolerant of low temperatures and flower later with vernalization. in the pooid grasses wheat (triticum monococcum, triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), vernali ... | 2008 | 18024551 |
| n- and c-terminal flanking regions modulate light-induced signal transduction in the lov2 domain of the blue light sensor phototropin 1 from avena sativa. | light sensing by photoreceptors controls phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and leaf expansion in plants. understanding the molecular mechanism by which these processes are regulated requires a quantitative description of photoreceptor dynamics. we focus on a light-driven signal transduction mechanism in the lov2 domain (lov, light, oxygen, voltage) of the blue light photoreceptor phototropin 1 from avena sativa (oat). high-resolution crystal structures of the dark and light s ... | 2007 | 18001137 |
| selecting and evaluating native plants for region-specific phytotoxicity testing. | in this study, we evaluated methodology to determine risks to terrestrial native plant species from potential herbecide drift, focusing on 1) selection of native species for testing, 2) growth of these species, and 3) variability in herbicide response among native species and compared with crop plants. native plant species were selected for initial testing on the basis of spatial analysis, which indicated that species from illinois, usa, were at potential risk for off-target effects of herbicide ... | 2008 | 17973566 |
| [the role of hormonal balance in plant adaptation to flooding]. | the effect of flooding on the growth parameters and hormonal dynamics (auxins, abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellins, and ethylene) has been studied in a vegetation experiment on the leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and oat (avena sativa l.). growth inhibition during flooding in both species was due to the accumulation of abscisic acid and ethylene, while the repair processes were due to the increased level of auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins. the difference in the hormonal response ... | 2016 | 19768962 |
| the myth of nitrogen fertilization for soil carbon sequestration. | intensive use of n fertilizers in modern agriculture is motivated by the economic value of high grain yields and is generally perceived to sequester soil organic c by increasing the input of crop residues. this perception is at odds with a century of soil organic c data reported herein for the morrow plots, the world's oldest experimental site under continuous corn (zea mays l.). after 40 to 50 yr of synthetic fertilization that exceeded grain n removal by 60 to 190%, a net decline occurred in s ... | 2013 | 17965385 |
| 13c isotopologue editing of fmn bound to phototropin domains. | the plant blue light receptor phototropin comprises a protein kinase domain and two fmn-binding lov domains (lov1 and lov2). blue light irradiation of recombinant lov domains is conducive to the addition of a cysteinyl thiolate group to carbon 4a of the fmn chromophore, and spontaneous cleavage of that photoadduct completes the photocycle of the receptor. the present study is based on (13)c nmr signal modulation observed after reconstitution of lov domains of different origins with random librar ... | 2007 | 17944933 |
| solar ultraviolet-b radiation increases phenolic content and ferric reducing antioxidant power in avena sativa. | we examined the influence of solar ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b; 280-320 nm) on the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem ii (f(v)/f(m)), bulk-soluble phenolic concentrations, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (frap) and growth of avena sativa. treatments involved placing filters on frames over potted plants that reduced levels of biologically effective uv-b by either 71% (reduced uv-b) or by 19% (near-ambient uv-b) over the 52 day experiment (04 july-25 august 2002). plants growing u ... | 2007 | 17876291 |
| a major gene for grain cadmium accumulation in oat (avena sativa l.). | cadmium (cd) is a nonessential heavy metal that is highly toxic to living cells at very low concentrations. most of the cd in plants derives from soils. owing to the large amounts consumed, cereals are the major source of dietary cd, and cd content in oat can exceed accepted limits. plants have a set of mechanisms that control the uptake, accumulation, trafficking, and detoxification of cd and other metals. genetic factors affect the variation in cd level between plant species and cultivars, and ... | 2007 | 17632580 |
| lipids in grain tissues of oat (avena sativa): differences in content, time of deposition, and fatty acid composition. | oat (avena sativa) is unusual in comparison with other cereals since there are varieties with up to 18% oil content. the lipid content and fatty acid composition in different parts of the grain during seed development were characterized in cultivars freja (6% oil) and matilda (10% oil), using thin-layer and gas chromatography, and light and electron microscopy. the majority of lipids (86-90%) were found in the endosperm. ninety-five per cent of the higher oil content of cv. matilda compared with ... | 2007 | 17586606 |
| fructans from oat and rye: composition and effects on membrane stability during drying. | fructans have been implicated in the abiotic stress tolerance of many plant species, including grasses and cereals. to elucidate the possibility that cereal fructans may stabilize cellular membranes during dehydration, we used liposomes as a model system and isolated fructans from oat (avena sativa) and rye (secale cereale). fructans were fractionated by preparative size exclusion chromatography into five defined size classes (degree of polymerization (dp) 3 to 7) and two size classes containing ... | 2007 | 17462587 |
| influence of crop residues on trifluralin mineralization in a silty clay loam soil. | trifluralin is typically applied onto crop residues (trash, stubble) at the soil surface, or onto the bare soil surface after the incorporation of crop residues into the soil. the objective of this study was to quantify the effect of the type and amount of crop residues in soil on trifluralin mineralization in a wellwood silty clay loam soil. leaves and stubble of potato (solanum tuberosum) (p); canola (brassica napus) (c), wheat (triticum aestivum) (w), oats (avena sativa), (o), and alfalfa (me ... | 2015 | 17454379 |
| plant species, atmospheric co2 and soil n interactively or additively control c allocation within plant-soil systems. | two plant species, medicago truncatula (legume) and avena sativa (non-legume), were grown in low- or high-n soils under two co2 concentrations to test the hypothesis whether c allocation within plant-soil system is interactively or additively controlled by soil n and atmospheric co2 is dependent upon plant species. the results showed the interaction between plant species and soil n had a significant impact on microbial activity and plant growth. the interaction between co2 and soil n had a signi ... | 2006 | 17313000 |
| a base-catalyzed mechanism for dark state recovery in the avena sativa phototropin-1 lov2 domain. | phototropins are autophosphorylating serine/threonine kinases responsible for blue-light perception in plants; their action gives rise to phototropism, chloroplast relocation, and opening of stomatal guard cells. the kinase domain constitutes the c-terminal part of avena sativa phototropin 1. the n-terminal part contains two light, oxygen, or voltage (lov) sensing domains, lov1 and lov2; each binds a flavin mononucleotide (fmn) chromophore (lambdamax = 447 nm, termed d447) and forms the light-se ... | 2007 | 17311415 |
| improving ecological risk assessment by including bioavailability into species sensitivity distributions: an example for plants exposed to nickel in soil. | the variability of species sensitivity distribution (ssd) due to contaminant bioavailability in soil was explored by using nickel as metal of concern. ssds of toxicity test results of avena sativa l. originating from different soils and expressed as total content and available (0.01 m cacl2) extractable concentration were compared to ssds for terrestrial plants derived from literature toxicity data. also the 'free' nickel (ni2+) concentration was calculated and compared. the results demonstrated ... | 2007 | 17240027 |
| all-optical switching in plant blue light photoreceptor phototropin. | we theoretically analyze all-optical switching in the recently characterized lov2 domain from avena sativa (oat) phot1 phototropin, a blue-light plant photoreceptor, based on nonlinear intensity-induced excited-state absorption. the transmission of a cw probe laser beam at 660 nm corresponding to the peak absorption of the first excited l-state, through the lov2 sample, is switched by a pulsed pump laser beam at 442 nm that corresponds to the maximum initial d state absorption. the switching cha ... | 2006 | 17181028 |
| changes in starch and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate levels and auxin transport are interrelated in graviresponding oat (avena sativa) shoots. | this study was conducted to unravel a mechanism for the gravitropic curvature response in oat (avena sativa) shoot pulvini. for this purpose, we examined the downward movement of starch-filled chloroplast gravisensors, differential changes in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ip(3)) levels, transport of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and gravitropic curvature. upon gravistimulation, the ratio for iaa levels in lower halves versus those in upper halves (l/u) increased from 1.0 at 0 h and reached a maximu ... | 2006 | 17081244 |
| inhibition of plant amine oxidases by a novel series of diamine derivatives. | a series of n,n'-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)diamines was synthesized and characterized for their inhibition effects towards plant copper-containing amine oxidase (ec 1.4.3.6) and polyamine oxidase (ec 1.5.3.11), which mediate the catabolic regulation of cellular polyamines. even though these enzymes catalyze related reactions and, among others, act upon two common substrates (spermidine and spermine), their molecular and kinetic properties are different. they also show a different spectrum of inhibit ... | 2007 | 16989933 |
| dynamic switching mechanisms in lov1 and lov2 domains of plant phototropins. | lov domains are the light-sensitive portion of plant phototropins. they absorb light through a flavin cofactor, photochemically form a covalent bond between the chromophore and a cysteine residue in the protein, and proceed to mediate activation of an attached kinase domain. although the photoreaction itself is now well-characterized experimentally and computationally, it is still unclear how the formation of the adduct leads to kinase activation. we have performed molecular dynamics simulations ... | 2006 | 16935961 |
| stimulation of chlororespiration by heat and high light intensity in oat plants. | high irradiance and moderate heat inhibit the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of oat (avena sativa l.) leaves. the incubation of oat leaves under high light intensity in conjunction with high temperatures strongly decreased the maximal quantum yield of photosystem (ps) ii, indicating the close synergistic effect of both stress factors on ps ii inhibition and the subsequent irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. the ps i a/b protein levels remained similar to control values ... | 2006 | 16898010 |
| specific cleavage of ribosomal rna and mrna during victorin-induced apoptotic cell death in oat. | here we report that rrna and mrna are specifically degraded in oat (avena sativa l.) cells during apoptotic cell death induced by victorin, a host-selective toxin produced by cochliobolus victoriae. northern analysis indicated that rrna species from the cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplasts were all degraded via specific degradation intermediates during victorin-induced apoptotic cell death but, in contrast, they were randomly digested in necrotic cell death induced by 30 mm cuso(4) and heat sh ... | 2006 | 16805727 |
| inheritance and mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene introgressed from avena macrostachya in cultivated oat. | the powdery mildew resistance from avena macrostachya was successfully introgressed into hexaploid oat (a. sativa). genetic analysis of f(1), f(2), f(3) and bc(1) populations from two powdery-mildew resistant introgression lines revealed that the resistance is controlled by a dominant gene, tentatively designated eg-5. molecular marker analysis was conducted using bulked-segregant analysis in two segregating f(3) populations. one codominant simple sequence repeats (ssr) marker am102 and four afl ... | 2006 | 16802169 |
| a phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity in root cells of oat (avena sativa) is involved in altering membrane phospholipid composition during drought stress acclimation. | during acclimation to drought stress, the lipid composition of oat root cell membranes is altered. the level of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), a non-bilayer forming lipid, is increased relative to the bilayer-forming lipid phosphatidylcholine (pc). these changes are believed to increase stress tolerance by increasing the flexibility of the membranes. to elucidate if de novo lipid synthesis is involved in altering membrane lipid composition, oat plants, acclimated or non-acclimated, were incubate ... | 2006 | 16762557 |
| [isolation and structure of peptides from oat (avena sativa) seedlings]. | the level of proteolytic activity in tissues of oat seedlings was characterized under acidic conditions, and the number and content of the main components in low-molecular-mass fractions of the extract were determined. the structures of the majority of predominant peptide components isolated from the extract were studied. the use of a database of protein structures helped suggest possible structures of protein precursors of the peptides isolated. detailed information on a plant peptidome was obt ... | 2015 | 16637293 |