| a chloroplast membrane lacking photosystem ii. thylakoid stacking in the absence of the photosystem ii particle. | the polypeptide composition and membrane structure of a variegated mutant of tobacco have been investigated. the pale green mutant leaf regions contain chloroplasts in which the amount of membrane stacking has been reduced (although not totally eliminated). the mutant membranes are almost totally deficient in photosystem ii when compared to wild-type chloroplast membranes, but still show near-normal levels of photosystem i activity. the pattern of membrane polypeptides separated by sodium dodecy ... | 1979 | 454579 |
| [motivation factors for smoking in adolescents]. | the study reports on the motivations of tobacco consumption in various populations of youths in north-switzerland. a questionnaire obtained from 1436 school-children in the cantons of zurich and st. gall indicated that 9% of the boys and 3% of the girls have tried their first "curiosity-cigarette" before age 6. among 400 female students of nursing there were 32% smokers, and one of four was smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day. in boarding schools the smoking habits varied according to pedago ... | 1979 | 454875 |
| [the effect of tobacco and alcohol on pregnancy course and child development]. | smoking during pregnancy may cause small-for-date babies, severeness and frequency depending on the number of cigarettes per day. regular and heavy smoking appearently increases perinatal mortality. a similar correlation and additionally an increased rate of newborns with major abnormalities was observed when the father regularly smoked 10 and more cigarettes per day, even then when the mother was a non-smoker. the mechanism involved is unclear. based upon present information one may favour the ... | 1979 | 454878 |
| [association of tobacco and alcohol in cancer]. | heavy drinking and heavy smoking are often associated; the effects of either alcohol and tobacco on human cancer can not be easily disentangled. appropriate adjustments need to be made to pinpoint the role of either factor. both smoking and drinking play a role in cancer of the buccal cavity, pharynx and oesophagus; they seem to multiply their effects. cancer of the larynx is also related to both alcohol and tobacco, but the role of alcohol appears only when exposure to tobacco is also present. ... | 1979 | 454880 |
| [sociocultural requirements for alcohol and tobacco education measures]. | if behaviour changes are taken as a criteria for the effectiveness of alcohol and tobacco education, the results of evaluation research are not encouraging. the unefficiency of alcohol and tobacco education is considered to be caused on the one hand by a too limited concept of education applied to teaching programmes. on the other hand a number of antagonisms between educators and pupils result from not taking into consideration sociocultural facts. at the outset, these antagonisms bring about t ... | 1979 | 454889 |
| [evaluation of measures to reduce cigarette consumption in switzerland]. | policy instruments were examined to reduce cigarette consumption in switzerland. the results can be summarised in two points: a) tax increases and anti-smoking publicity (health education) are effective measures to reduce cigarette smoking. the effect is especially pronounced when both instruments are combined. b) the effect of a ban on advertising could not be examined for switzerland due to lack of data. results of studies abroad lead to the assumption that cigarette consumption can be influen ... | 1979 | 454890 |
| [recommendations of the university assembly of the swiss academy of medical sciences concerning tobacco and alcohol abuse]. | | 1979 | 454891 |
| [tobacco, mortality and morbidity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases--a prospective study in paris]. | in the paris prospective study, after a 6,5 year follow-up, mortality and atherosclerotic disease incidence are studied according to the tobacco consumption measured at entry among 7746 middle-aged men in the same administrative group. mortality is 3 times higher among smokers; the excess mortality of smokers concerns particularly cancers, especially cancers of the upper part of the digestive tube or lung cancers and coronary heart disease. the incidences of leg atherosclerosis and of hard coron ... | 1979 | 454893 |
| [smoking and mortality in swiss physicians: results of an 18-year survey]. | a prospective mortality study of tobacco smoking of swiss physicians is reported over a period of 18 years (1955-1973). the mortality rate increases with the intensity of the daily smoking quantity, going till to the double of non-smokers. this elevation is not seen in late smokers. contrary to the habits of english doctors, who smoke mostly cigarettes, in switzerland the death rates of cigars (mostly stumpen) and pipe smokers are as much elevated as for cigarette smokers. in intensive smokers t ... | 1979 | 454894 |
| [passive smoking]. | passive smoking is the involuntary inspiration of smoky indoor air. based on the information available today, it may be assumed that passive smoking normally is no health hazard as far as the classical smoker's diseases (lung cancer, myocardial infarct, etc.) are concerned. nevertheless, it is probable that irritations caused by tobacco smoke have an unfavorable influence on the health of small children and that of already sick persons. the main problem of passive smoking is annoyance due to odo ... | 1979 | 454896 |
| intranuclear rodlets in undifferentiated carcinomas of salivary glands in strain a mice in a study involving a tobacco specific nitrosamine, n-nitrosonornicotine. | undifferentiated carcinomas of the salivary glands were found in 2 of 44 (4.5%) strain a mice injected intraperitoneally with a tobacco specific nitrosamine, n-nitrosonornicotine (nnn). the presence of intranuclear rodlets (inr) in the salivary carcinomas provided the first demonstration of such structures in a non-neuronal tumor in mice. two types of rodlets were exhibited; one was composed of fibrillar filaments arranged in bundles, and the other was much thicker, branching in form. these inr ... | 1979 | 455275 |
| anti-smoking legislation in finland. | the act which outlined measures for restricting tobacco smoking in finland took effect on 1 march 1977. this act is presented and its background described. the main regulations provided by the law are: 1) health authorities administer all tobacco regulation, except taxation; 2) 5% of tobacco taxes are alloted annually to health education research and evaluation; 3) advertising and promotion of tobacco are prohibited; 4) limits on tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide are set by the government; these ... | 1979 | 457155 |
| tobacco--current french legislation. | a recent french campaign to bring about a reduction in tobacco consumption is described. a number of factors were used to convince the public that smoking is dangerous: it was pointed out that, of all cancers, those in which tobacco plays an important role are increasing the most rapidly; another is that smoking reduces life expectancy. a study of the smoking habit in france showed that it is acquired earlier and earlier; another study showed that 60,000 deaths a year can be linked to smoking; ... | 1979 | 457169 |
| determination of avidity of anti-viral antibodies at 50% binding of antibody. | binding studies with tobacco mosaic virus and specific igg and fab' fragments were done under conditions of 50% binding of antibody. when the log of the concentration of antigen sites required to bind 50% of the available antibody was plotted against the log of bound sites, a line was obtained which had a slope varying between 0 and 1. instead of using the slope of this line as an index of avidity of the antiserum, it is suggested that the calculation k0 values over a range of reactant concentra ... | 1979 | 458165 |
| [epidemiologic data on bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. | the bronchogenic carcinoma co-operative group analyzed the epidemiologic data of 240 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma in a prospective study. when risk factors (exposure to potencial pathogenic substances) were studied, a relationship was noted between the incidence at an early age and the presence of nondifferentiated small cell carcinoma. the number of years of exposure to tobacco had a direct effect on the curative value of the thoracotomy and the survival rate. forty years of smoking appeared ... | 1979 | 459602 |
| differential effects of chronic nicotine and tobacco smoke administration on iliac vascular resistance in the rat. | | 1979 | 461468 |
| [socioeconomic aspects of lung cancer]. | the socio-economic aspects of lung cancer are briefly considered, first, with regard to the causes conditioning its occurrence and clinical progress. tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and air pollution are (in decreasing order of importance) the main determinants of lung cancer occurrence, which differs as between social classes. social class also appears to be related to clinical progress of the disease. the economic consequences of lung cancer may be tentatively estimated, for a country l ... | 1979 | 462150 |
| the first published chemical analyses of smoke from south african cigarettes. | the smoke of 69 brands of cigarettes sold in south africa in march 1978 was analysed for its content of tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. the average yield of tar per cigarette varied between 30 and 38,5 mg in 27 brands and between 20 and 30 mg in all but one of the other 42 brands. the nicotine yields with one exception varied between 1,0 and 2,40 mg per cigarette and generally correlated well with those of tar (r = 0,75). the yields of carbon monoxide per cigarette generally r ... | 1979 | 462311 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerases from healthy and tobacco necrosis virus-infected phaseolus aureus: assay of localization in fractions of cellular homogenates. | | 1979 | 462817 |
| [harmful effects of tobacco smoke on the respiratory system]. | | 1979 | 462999 |
| [chronic diseases of the respiratory tract (proceedings)]. | on account of their increasing social-medical importance chronic diseases of the respiratory tract demand systematic measures for prevention and combat. the size of the problem is described on the basis of the results of epidemiologic investigations. issuing from the risk degrees of the cardio-respiratory insufficiency (obstruction, hypoxaemia, pulmonary hypertension) care groups are proposed. the combat against tobacco smoking (primary prevention) and long-term treatment of the chronic obstruct ... | 1979 | 463160 |
| induction of ige antibodies to antigen isolated from tobacco leaves and from cigarette smoke condensate. | neonatal california white rabbits were sensitized with a glycoprotein purified from cured virginia bright tobacco leaves. their serums, but not serums from normal rabbits, were demonstrated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis technique to contain heat-labile, homocytophilic antibodies to this antigen and to similar material purified from cigarette smoke condensate. serums containing ige antibodies to tobacco antigen would not be demonstrated to contain hemagglutinating antibodies to this antigen. t ... | 1979 | 464022 |
| [activity, isoenzyme composition, thermostability and molecular weight of peroxidase from intact and virus infected tobacco plant leaves]. | the enzyme peroxidase was isolated from the leaves of the tobacco plant xanthi (intact and infected with weakly (xy) and highly (xt) pathogenic strains of potato x-virus) and partially purified. the original extract (the 30,000 g supernatant) was purified by ammonium sulfate at 30--80% of saturation and by gel filtration through sephadex g-25 and g-100 in 0.05 m tris-hcl buffer, ph 7.4 containing 17% sucrose. disc electrophoresis revealed that both intact and infected plants contain 10 isoperoxi ... | 1979 | 465587 |
| [tobacco and pregnancy (author's transl)]. | the evil effects of tobacco on the health of those who smoke it have been emphasized broadly in the past few years, both in the public and in the medical press. the possible damage that can be done to those who are "passive" smokers has also been pointed out. now the fetus is in the front row of these. that is why it is important to point out this fact. after a brief statement about the physio-pathology of the condition the authors review the literature and extract the following points which can ... | 1979 | 469204 |
| quantitative comparisons of the pulmonary toxicity of tobacco and nsm smoke. | smoking elicits a panacinar rise in pulmonary alveolar lysosomal activity that is thought to correlate with the irritancy of the smoke. quantitative image analysis of lung sections stained histochemically for acid phosphatase indicates that tobacco smoke is significantly more irritant than nsm smoke. | 1979 | 469644 |
| health effects of urban air pollution. special consideration of areas at 1,500 m and above. | urban air pollution, when sufficiently severe, can cause death in humans; these deaths occur preponderantly among those with increased susceptibility. pollution--carbon monoxide and oxidants in particular--is capable of aggravating preexisting chronic heart and lung diseases. pollution and tobacco (especially cigarette) smoke act synergistically in a causative role in chronic bronchitis and in an aggravating role in emphysema. susceptibility to the effects of urban air pollution varies widely, w ... | 1979 | 470070 |
| [model for tobacco mosaic virus assembly in vitro: specific dislocation by cooperative single-letter purine recognition and non-cooperative rna "locking" between subunit layers]. | a model of the molecular mechanism of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) assembly in vitro is proposed. the model is based on the assumption that on interaction of tmv rna chain with a double protein disk two different types of structural alterations occur in the protein subunits: "dislocating alterations" leading to screw dislocation of the disk into a helix fragment and "locking alterations" leading to locking of the rna chain between the subunits layers. during initiation of tmv assembly the dislocat ... | 1979 | 470937 |
| [the role of tobacco in disturbances of pulmonary immune defenses]. | | 1979 | 471763 |
| tobacco--hazards to health and human reproduction. | | 1979 | 471836 |
| [respiratory signs linked to passive inhalation of tobacco smoke in infants (author's transl)]. | thirty observations done on infants formed the base of a review of the literature on the epidemiology, the clinical signs and the physiopathological mechanisms of passive smoking (ps). the main signal was a chronic cough but in infants under 12 months, ps also provoked, as well, an "asthmatoid bronchitis", progressing relentlessly since the coming out of maternity ward, in relation with the maternal tobacco addiction. in these patients, examinations failed to disclose the different causes of rec ... | 1979 | 471873 |
| carbon monoxide, tobacco smoking, and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. | | 1979 | 471951 |
| thiocyanate as an indicator of tobacco smoking. | | 1979 | 471954 |
| [dioxohexahydrotriazine, a new synthetic antiphytoviral compound (author's transl)]. | this paper reports the first results of studies made to determine the antiviral activity of dioxo hexahydro triazine, a newly developed antiphytoviral compound. after treatment with dioxo hexahydro triazine, the concentration of helical potato virus x in leaves of nicotiana tabacum "samsun" was found to be considerably reduced in both the serological test and local lesion test conducted on nicotiana glutinosa at temperatures of 14 degrees c +/- 3 degrees c. in secondarily infected leaves, the re ... | 1979 | 473960 |
| the immunologic response to tobacco antigens in smokers. iii. type iii hypersensitivity skin reactions and specific serum precipitins to four different tobacco extracts in patients suffering from coronary artery disease. | in a population of 70 patients suffering from coronary heart disease (49 smokers and 21 non-smokers) intradermal tests and specific precipitation tests with four different extracts of tobacco were performed. skin tests with tobacco extracts were positive in 41 smokers and 7 nonsmokers. in both groups the immediate and delayed type reactions were weak and of rather doubtful specificity, while the late type reaction was usually more frequent and stronger in smokers (in 14 patients it was positive ... | 1979 | 474326 |
| asbestos, dental x-rays, tobacco, and alcohol in the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer. | a case-control study of 47 laryngeal cancers in males of three counties of washington state was conducted. personal interview was used to obtain information on smoking, alcohol use, exposure to asbestos, and other substances, and x-rays of the head and neck area. smoking and alcohol consumption were found to increase risk of laryngeal cancer independently, with a clear dose-response relationship. neither asbestos exposure nor exposure to other substances was found to significantly increase the r ... | 1979 | 476588 |
| tobacco amblyopia: the effect of treatment on the electroretinogram. | in seven recently diagnosed and untreated patients with tobacco amblyopia the light and dark adapted electroretionograms were recorded together with visual acuity, central fields and the farnsworth-munsell 100-hue test. after 3 months treatment with injections of hydroxocobalamin all these tests were repeated. an improvement in visual acuity resulted in all cases. a significant reduction in the farnsworth-munsell total error score of the seven patients was noted (p less than 0.01). a significant ... | 1979 | 477485 |
| systolic time intervals in middle-aged men according to smoking habits and other risk factors of coronary heart disease. | in the course of a prospective study on coronary heart disease (chd) risk factors, systolic time intervals (sti) were measured at rest in 92 men aged 52--56 yr and free of any clinical symptoms of chd. the ratio preejection period/left ventricular ejection period (pep/lvep) was significantly augmented in current smokers vs nonsmokers (0.406 +/- 0.075 vs 0.384 +/- 0.068, p less than 0.05). the regression of this parameter on cigarette consumption per day, taking into account heart rate, systolic ... | 1979 | 477699 |
| tobacco consumption and human hair lead levels. | | 1979 | 483003 |
| [alcohol and tobacco smoking as possible causes of sterility in men]. | | 1979 | 484020 |
| carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies on tobacco mosaic virus and its protein. | fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance studies on 12% 13c-enriched tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and its rod-like protein oligomers in solution with molecular weights up to 42 x 10(6) are reported. in the virus approximately 17% of the carbons of the protein subunit have line widths of less than or equal to 300 hz and t1 less than or equal to 1 s and are concluded to be mobile with more than one degree of freedom of internal rotation about a carbon--carbon bond. in the rodlike polymer of tmv ... | 1979 | 486407 |
| tobacco smoking and prevention of ischaemic heart disease. | | 1979 | 487841 |
| pulmonary and gastrointestinal exposure to cadmium oxide dust in a battery factory. | the elimination of cadmium in feces was studied in a group of 15 male workers exposed to cadmium oxide dust in a nickel-cadmium battery factory. the elimination of cadmium in feces was on the average 619 and 268 microgram/day in seven smokers and eight nonsmokers, respectively. the corresponding ranges were 97-2577 and 31-1102 microgram/day. the cadmium concentrations in blood were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, both before and after one month of vacation. among the smokers ... | 1979 | 488036 |
| ecdysone 20-monooxygenase: characterization of an insect cytochrome p-450 dependent steroid hydroxylase. | ecdysone 20-monooxygenase, the enzyme system that hydroxylates ecdysone at c-20 of the side-chain to form ecdysterone, has been characterized in the fat body of early last instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta, using a radioenzymological assay. ecdysterone was demonstrated to be the product of the enzyme system by high-pressure liquid chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. differential centrifugation, sucrose-gradient centrifugation, electron microscopy a ... | 1979 | 488526 |
| anomie and drug use in high school students. | the use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs as it relates to anomie was studied in 11th grade students. a questionnaire was administered to 1,314 11th grade students which included srole's anomie scale as well as items pertaining to the usage of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, lsd, heroin, amphetamines, barbiturates, and methaqualone. the name of each drug was given along with the colloquial terms typically used to identify each drug. substance users showed significantly higher anomie scores th ... | 1979 | 489181 |
| thermal activation of peroxidase from tobacco leaf mesophyll cell walls. | cell wall-bound peroxidase isolated from tobacco leaf mesophyll cell walls was found to consist of two isoenzymes (p1 and p2). each exists in the form of a single subunit with the same molecular weight (35 000) as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. both isoenzymes exhibited maximum activities at 70 degrees. p1 increased to 265% and p2 to 140% of the activities assayed at 27 degrees; below this temperature the two isoenzymes had the same specific activ ... | 1979 | 489243 |
| the effects of experimental exposure to tobacco smoke on the oxidative metabolism of alveolar macrophages. | | 1979 | 490504 |
| abuse of alcohol, drugs and tobacco during pregnancy--consequences for the child. | there is an increasing awareness that alcohol and drug abuse and smoking are not only harmful for the consumer but will also, when taken by a pregnant woman, adversely affect her unborn child. the consequence of the abuse will result from a combination of specific toxic effects of abusing substances and a nonspecific effect from the often very unstable environment of an alcohol- or drug-dependent mother. poor prenatal care is a common finding in alcohol and drug abuse leading to a high incidence ... | 1979 | 492732 |
| [tobacco smoking and diabetic microangiopathy]. | | 1979 | 492955 |
| [comparison of chronic respiratory diseases in an agricultural versus urban environment (author's transl)]. | a longitudinal investigation was conducted simultaneously in normandy and in the west-paris region. based on more than 2000 subjects in normandy and 1500 in the paris (st. lazare) area, the frequency of a bronchial syndrome was established as 21 and 26% respectively; obstructive respiratory failure, 4 and 2% respectively; and restrictive respiratory failure, 1%. the typical elements of risk (tobacco, age, socio-professional sphere) reappear in this study. alcoholism also seems to be a contributi ... | 1979 | 493675 |
| [should the lung cancer of iron-miners in lorraine be considered an occupational disease? (author's transl)]. | the occupational group composed of the iron-miners working at the bottom of the mines in lorraine makes up a high risk population for lung cancer (the carcinogenic index is 5 to 12 times as high as that of the population of non-miners). the authors report a new series of 270 cases in support of this assertion. the cancers have few particular characteristics. their genesis appears to be related with the action of many co-factors: tobacco, various gases and noxious dust, iron particles. our findin ... | 1979 | 493683 |
| the ecdysteroids from the tobacco hornworm during pupal-adult development five days after peak titer of molting hormone activity. | six naturally occurring c27 ecdysteroids were isolated and identified from the tobacco hornworm during pupal-adult development five days after peak titer of molting hormone activity. in order of decreasing quantities the hormones were: 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone, 3-epi-20-hydroxyecdysone, 20hydroxyecdysone, 3-epi-20,26-dihydroxyecdysone, 3-epi-ecdysone, and ecdysone. 20-hydroxyecdysone, in an earlier study, was the major molting hormone present at peak titer during pupal-adult development. the majo ... | 1979 | 494370 |
| rhinoscopical findings in nickel workers, with special emphasis on the influence of nickel exposure and smoking habits. | rhinoscopy and x-ray examination were performed on 318 nickel workers and 57 controls, to study the significance of these methods in detecting cancerous and precancerous mucosal changes. the clinical and radiological findings were compared with histopathological data and mucosal nickel concentrations determined in nasal biopsy material from the middle turbinate, with duration of nickel exposure, and with tobacco smoking habitl changes (43%) than the controls (26%), (0.01 less than p less than 0. ... | 1979 | 495077 |
| lung injury induced by leukocytic proteases. | human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (pmns) contain large amounts of neutral proteases that can degrade elastin, collagen, proteoglycan, and basement membrane. the instillation of one of the purified enzymes (elastase) into dog lungs in vivo causes degradation of elastic fibers and other alveolar septal components and results in anatomic changes similar to those of human pulmonary emphysema. cigarette smoking is a major risk factor associated with pulmonary emphysema in man. one mecha ... | 1979 | 495691 |
| histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa in active and retired nickel workers. | histological examinations were made on nasal biopsy specimens from the middle turbinate in 318 active and 15 retired nickel workers and in 57 controls, to study the prevalence of nasal carcinoma or possible precancerous mucosal changes in nickel-exposed individuals. the histopathological changes were evaluated according to a point-score scale, and the results were correlated to age, smoking habits, duration and type of nickel exposure and to nickel concentrations in nasal mucosa, plasma and urin ... | 1979 | 497107 |
| inhibition of dna synthesis in cultured lymphocytes and tumor cells by extracts of betel nut, tobacco, and miang leaf, plant substances associated with cancer of the ororespiratory epithelium. | the high incidence of oropharyngeal, esophageal, and laryngeal cancers in certain parts of the world has been ascribed to conjugated tannins found in certain folk medicinal herbs. we extracted miang leaf and betel nut with phosphate-buffered saline (0.14 m nacl, 0.15 m potassium phosphate buffer, ph 7.4) and found that the extracts inhibited [3h]thymidine incorporation by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes and by rat mammary tumor and mouse l-cells in logarithmic growth. pretreating ... | 1979 | 498109 |
| cytokinin biosynthesis in a cell-free system from cytokinin-autotrophic tobacco tissue cultures. | | 1979 | 499537 |
| natural history of male psychologic health: effects of mental health on physical health. | four decades ago 204 men were selected as adolescents for an interdisciplinary study of health; since then they have been followed biennially. of the 185 men who remained in the study and in good health until 1964 (age, 42 +/- 1 years), 100 men remained in excellent physical health over the next 11 years, 54 acquired minor problems, and 31 acquired serious chronic illness or died. of 59 men with the best mental health, assessed from the age of 21 to 46 years, only two became chronically ill or d ... | 1979 | 503127 |
| measuring malnutrition and intestinal helminthiasis on tobacco plantation workers' children. | | 1979 | 503548 |
| analysis of health data from 10 years of polaris submarine patrols. | medical reports from 885 fleet ballistic missile (fbm) submarine patrols (7,650,000 man-days) were analyzed. the data were categorized and compared with data obtained by medical personnel from surface fleet personnel (1,215,918 man-days) during a continuous 7--8 months' deployment of surface vessels in 1973. surface fleet personnel had a higher illness rate in the categories of respiratory, traumatic, gastrointestinal, dermal, infections, and miscellaneous illness, and a lower rate in genitourin ... | 1979 | 505628 |
| rna synthesis in newly isolated and cultivated mesophyll protoplasts. | tobacco leaf mesophyll protoplasts exhibit low incorporation of [3h]uridine and 32p into rna, up to 12 h of cultivation, irrespective of the presence of phytohormones. after 24 h of cultivation a dramatic increase in rna synthesis is observed; it is the highest in the heterogeneous nucleoplasmic rna fraction. the protoplasts cultivated in the absence of phytohormones show lower incorporation of precursors. | 1979 | 506617 |
| lung cancer in greater bombay: correlations with religion and smoking habits. | the resident population of greater bombay was analysed for the incidence of lung cancer and other variables of possible significance to lung cancer incidence. during a 10-year period from 1964-73, 2177 lung cancer cases (1861 males, 316 females) were registered, from a population pool consisting of 5.24 million persons (3.07 million males, 2.17 million females). the average annual incidence of lung cancer was 13.6 per 10(5) males but only 3.3 per 10(5) females, age-adjusted to the standard world ... | 1979 | 508569 |
| [membrane proteins of chloroplasts of intact and tmv-infected tobacco plants]. | the effects of viral infection on the membrane proteins from tobacco plant chloroplasts differing in their stability for tmv infection were studied. it was shown that the changes in the chloroplasts of labile and resistant tobacco varieties are oppositely directed. the data from amino-acid analysis, sh-group determination and infrared spectra of the membrane proteins of the resistant variety are indicative of conformational changes caused by disruption of the hydrogen bonds, which stabilize the ... | 1979 | 508869 |
| [twelve year fev1 changes and smoking habits among 556 workers in the paris-area (author's transl)]. | the aim of the study was to analyse the effects of smoking, in particular to show its causal role in the development of airflow obstruction, and to look at changes in smoking habits. the study was conducted among 556 men, aged 30 to 54 in 1960, surveyed twice, in 1960 and 1972. the hypothesis of tobacco as a causal factor of airflow obstruction is strengthened, following this study, by three results: 1) fev1 slope was related to tobacco consumption, even after adjustement for fev1 level (42 ml/y ... | 1979 | 508979 |
| biological activity of tobacco smoke and tobacco smoke-related chemicals. | exposure to whole cigarette smoke from reference cigarettes results in the prompt (peak activity is 6 hrs), but fairly weak (similar to 2 fold), induction of murine pulmonary microsomal monooxygenase activity. this activity can be detected by using as substrates either benzo(a)pyrene or ethoxyresorufin, and can be inhibited by treatment with cycloheximide or actinomycin d. unlike the induction of pulmonary monooxygenases following intratracheal administration of 3-methylcholanthrene, these cigar ... | 1979 | 510243 |
| oral florid papillomatosis (verrucous carcinoma). | 1. florid papillomatosis (fp) seems to be another form of verrucous carcinoma. 2. besides the mouth, fp can be found in the larynx, nose, genitalia, skin, etc. 3. fp would appear to be a carcinoma with a low degree of malignancy, and is locally aggressive. they do not cause generalized metastases and rarely metastasize locally. 4. in the mouth, the lesions, either single or multiple, usually occur in adult men. the most frequent sites are the buccal mucosa and the alveolar-gingival area. they de ... | 1979 | 511422 |
| ethanol, tobacco and laterality effects on simple and complex motor performance. | tobacco had no effect on knob turning, hand tapping, foot tapping and pursuit rotor tests in 24 right-handed men, but ethanol influenced left-hand performance more than right. | 1979 | 513774 |
| chronic lung disease in the papua new guinea highlands. | in the eastern highlands of papua new guinea 46 men and 24 women with chronic lung disease underwent clinical and lung function investigations. in all cases the sole or predominant abnormality was irreversible airways obstruction, probably from chronic bronchitis with variable amounts of acompanying emphysema. there were close similarities to chronic obstructife lung disease in european populations in terms of symptoms, airways obstruction, transfer factor, and radiographic emphysema and inflamm ... | 1979 | 515985 |
| short term bioassay of cigarettes containing cytrel tobacco supplement. | the toxicity of smoke from cigarettes containing tobacco, cytrel tobacco supplement, or mixtures of the 2 materials, was investigated using 6 short term test methods. the tests used were rat trachea organ culture and mouse skin thickening tests, which may provide information on carcinogenicity, a ciliatoxicity test, an alveolar macrophage viability test, a haemolysis assay and a thiol inactivation test to provide measures of irritant and cytotoxic effects. in each case a response to the smoke fr ... | 1979 | 516077 |
| in vitro metabolism of possible ecdysone precursors by the prothoracic glands of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | 3 beta, 14 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-7-en-6-one (5 alpha-ketodiol) (1) is metabolized by the prothoracic glands to 2,22-dideoxy-5 alpha-ecdysone (4) and 2-deoxy-5 alpha-ecdysone (3) but not to ecdysone (5) or any other 5 beta-metabolites. similarly, 3 beta,5 alpha,14 alpha-trihydroxy-cholest-7-en-6-one (5 alpha-ketotriol) (8) is hydroxylated at c-22 and c-25 (9,10) of the side chain. however, 3 beta,14 alhpa-dihydroxy-cholesta-4,7-diene-6-one (ketodienediol) (11) is not metabolized. the absence of ... | 1979 | 516116 |
| [changes of biochemical processes of the lungs caused by air pollutants (author's transl)]. | the investigations of the last 10 years have shown that beside the respiratory function the biochemical processes of the lungs are of basic importance. the normal biochemical processes are the prerequisite to a normal respiratory function. today the problems of air pollutants are topical. therefore a review of the new literature about the influence of air pollutants on biochemical processes of the lungs is given. the following substances are included: gaseous air pollutants (ozone, no2, so2, pho ... | 1979 | 516800 |
| acute effect of tobacco cigarette smoking on the platelet aggregate ratio. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoking acutely increased circulating platelet aggregates as detected by lowering of the platelet aggregate ratio. eighteen (11 male and 7 female) volunteers ranging from 16 to 47 years of age rested during a 20-minute control period and smoked two unfiltered tobacco cigarettes during another 20-minute period. platelet aggregate ratios (mean +/- sd) before and after the control period were 0.86 +/- 13 and 0.82 +/- 0.12 respectively (p ... | 1979 | 517566 |
| microperoxisomes in the rat alveolar macrophage: a cytochemical and morphometric study of the effects of tobacco smoke inhalation. | | 1979 | 522088 |
| college students and alcohol, marijuana and tobacco: a comparison survey between 1967 and 1978. | | 1979 | 522177 |
| [serum thiocyanate level as a discriminating element in evaluation of exposure to carbon monoxide]. | blood carbon monoxide concentration levels in two groups of subjects to a different degree of exposure are examined in the light of the subjects declared smoking habits and serum thiocyanate levels. the latter parameter proved an effective pointer to individual exposure to co due to tobacco combustion. assessment of the results showed that it could be proposed as an indicative and discriminating test of habitual exposure to co, so as to enable expired co and hbco values to be interpreted in occu ... | 1979 | 523008 |
| correlations between epidermal cell structure and endogenous hormone titers during the fifth larval instar of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | epidermal cell morphology and cuticle production in manduca sexta are directly influenced by both ecdysterone and juvenile hormone. up to day 6 of the last larval instar, post-molt endocuticle is continuously deposited even though cells undergo a partial and temporary separation from the overlying cuticle at the time when a small ecdysteroid peak is detected (approximately day 3.5). at about days 6--7 when another, larger ecdysteroid peak is present, apolysis occurs accompanied by the appearance ... | 1979 | 524341 |
| skeletal muscle metabolism, morphology and function in sedentary smokers and nonsmokers. | smokers and nonsmokers of a homogeneous population of sedentary men have been compared with respect to skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) morphological, metabolic and functional characteristics. the percentage type i fibres was lower and that of type iib fibres higher in the smokers. fibre areas were almost equal in the two groups. muscle oxidative capacity was lowered in the smokers, as judged from decreased mitochondrial enzyme activities and a lowered fibrillar space mitochondrial volume frac ... | 1979 | 525367 |
| preferential incorporation of an exogenous cytokinin, n6-benzyladenine, into 18s and 25s ribosomal rna of tobacco cells in suspension culture. | cytokinin-requiring tobacco cells were incubated for 10 h in the presence of a labeled cytokinin. n6-benzyl-[2-3h]ade, and of [8-14c]ado. after alkaline hydrolysis of total rna and fractionation of the resulting nucleotides, 80 per cent of the 3h radioactivity of rna were recovered as the n6-benzyl-ado nucleotide, covalently inserted into polynucleotidic chains. the n6-benzyl-ado nucleotide was not significantly labled by 14c: at most one part of this nucleotide per 10 000 may result from a tran ... | 1979 | 526470 |
| light scattering of aqueous solutions of dna, poly(acrylic acid), and tobacco mosaic virus under alternating electric field. | | 1979 | 526552 |
| respiratory abnormalities, smoking habits and ventilatory capacity in a highland community in papua new guinea: prevalence and effect on mortality. | the prevalence of chronic lung disease was investigated in 1284 adult residents of 11 villages situated at 1800 m in the highlands of papua new guinea. chronic cough, shortness of breath on exertion, bronchial hypersecretion, and adventitious chest sounds were increasingly common in both sexes from middle life onwards, and were associated with an irreversible obstructive ventilatory defect. over the age of 45 years, 20% of men and 10% of women had an fev1/fvc % less than 60%. the prevalence of a ... | 1979 | 528109 |
| disassembly of tobacco mosaic virus by membrane lipid isolated from tobacco leaves and polyornithine. | in vitro disassembly of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) virions occurred in the presence of both polyornithine and a lipid fraction isolated from tobacco leaf membrane. the latter could be replaced by lecithine. disassembly of 10 microgram of tmv virions was attained in the presence of a 500-mg leaf equivalent of membrane lipid and 20 microgram of polyornithine in 1 ml of 0.01 m tris-hcl buffer, ph 7.4 at 30 c. similarity and dissimilarity between the in vitro disassembly and the in vivo uncoating m ... | 1979 | 530101 |
| annoyance response of nonsmokers to cigarette smoke. | in three experiments, nonsmoking subjects rated their annoyance by task environments while either exposed or not exposed to ambient tobacco smoke. in exps. 1 and 2 subjects rated annoyance with the environment while exposed to three intensities of noise, and in exp. 3 subjects rated annoyance while performing multiplication problems under conditions of high and low task motivation. the source of the ambient smoke in exp. 1 was a smoke pump. for exps. 2 and 3, the source of the smoke was confeder ... | 1979 | 530791 |
| [tobacco consumption in switzerland 1950-1978]. | this article discusses the statistical bases for the estimation of tobacco consumption in switzerland. estimates for cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco are given from 1950 to 1978. | 1979 | 532359 |
| a new q wave in the electrocardiogram in patients operated upon for ischaemic heart disease. | in 305 patients operated upon for symptomatic ischaemic heart disease, a series of resting electrocardiograms, obtained during the first days after operation, was evaluated. a new q wave was found in 10% of the patients. the genesis of this egg change had not correlation with the patients' age and sex, presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking, blood cholesterol level, functional calss of angina pectoris, previous myocardial infarction, the number of affected coronary arter ... | 1979 | 535402 |
| twelve years spirometric changes among paris area workers. | the effects of smoking habits, socio-occupational factors and respiratory symptoms in the development of airflow obstruction have been studied in a working population of 575 men aged 30-54 in 1960 and surveyed in 1960 and 1972. on average, fev1 decreased by 47 ml/annum. apart from fev1 level, which reflects loss since the beginning of adult life, three factors were independently related to fev1 slope: tobacco consumption, occupational exposure and social class. the decrease of fev1 with smoking ... | 1979 | 536090 |
| survey of alcoholism treatment services in victoria. relationship of alcoholics drug use to their use of medical facilities. | a cooperative survey of 370 individuals presenting for treatment at nine victorian alcoholism treatment centres showed that men and women in this population of alcoholics did not differ significantly in indices of their lifetime consumption of alcohol or tobacco per kilogram of body weight, despite considerable difference in their present use of these drugs. physical disability was associated with extended tobacco consumption both in men and in women. little relationship existed between use of m ... | 1979 | 537550 |
| the micro erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr) among children of the tobacco plantation laborers in north sumatra. | | 1979 | 537824 |
| [alcohol, tobacco and chronic bronchitis]. | | 1979 | 538302 |
| adults' drug use: relationship to perceived drug use of parents, friends while growing up, and present friends. | results from a random household survey of the boston standard metropolitan statistical area show a consistent and relatively strong association of adults' use of coffee, tobacco, alcohol, tranquilizers, and marijuana with their perceptions of present friends' use. associations with parents' and past adolescent friends' use are much weaker. the results support efforts to explain illicit drug use with general theories of behavior acquisition and cast doubt on the utility of deviance theories. | 1979 | 539572 |
| [cea determination in tobacco smokers as a prophylactic factor (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 542408 |
| betel quid chewing and oral cancer: experimental studies on hamsters. | betel quid ingredients--betel nut, betel leaf, lime, catechu and tobacco--were tested separately and in various combinations for carcinogenicity, using hamster cheek pouch as the experimental site. the four modes of administration used were (1) tri-weekly painting of the cheek pouch with aqueous extracts of test materials, (2) deposition of replaceable wax pellets containing the test material, (3) gelatin capsules containing the powdered material and (4) insertion of natural material into the po ... | 1979 | 544535 |
| structural comparisons of the aggregates of tobacco mosaic virus protein. | the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus forms numerous aggregates, including the small a-protein, the disk, and two helical forms. the structures of the disk, the helical protein forms, and the virus are compared. most of the differences are in the conformation of the chain between residues 89 and 113, which lies in the region of protein at the center of the virus, inside the rna. it is disordered in the disk, but has a fixed conformation in the virus and the protein helices. the differences be ... | 1979 | 544935 |
| [tobacco sensitization; tobacco as allergen; nicotine as hapten. diagnosis by the basophil degranulation test (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 545289 |
| [tobacco smoking and lung cancer in women: relative risk for kreyberg groups i and ii (author's transl)]. | the smoking habits and history of 180 female lung cancer patients (119 cases of kreyberg i tumors, 61 cases of kreyberg ii tumors) were analyzed in a retrospective case control study (360 female control patients suffering from not tobacco related diseases). the relative risk for smokers is 5,7 for kreyberg i tumors (statistically significant) and 1,57 for kreyberg ii tumors. the risk for kreyberg i tumors rises in relation to the life time cigarette consumption: less than 5000 packs of cigarette ... | 1979 | 545946 |
| the direct effect of tobacco smoke on the intrinsic mechanical properties of cardiac muscle. | | 1979 | 546638 |
| [influence of tobacco smoking on caffeine pharmacokinetics (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 547440 |
| tobacco in relation to glaucoma. | | 1978 | 549729 |
| contribution to the natural history of chronic bronchitis in coal-miners. | two epidemiological surveys were made by the same research team on the prevalence and the aetiological factors of chronic bronchitis symptoms in coalminers. the first study was made in a coalminers' community of belgian limburg, the other one in a representative sample of coalminers regularly at work. in both surveys an excess of dyspnea complaints was observed in comparison to the prevalence of this symptom in controls. these dyspnea complaints often presented themselves as isolated symptoms, w ... | 1979 | 552152 |
| effects of subjects' sex, and intake of tobacco, alcohol and oral contraceptives on plasma phenytoin levels. | 1. steady state plasma phenytoin levels in 210 epileptic patients were studied by computerized analysis of covariance to determine whether the subject's sex, alcohol intake, tobacco smoking or use of oral contraceptives influenced the relation between plasma drug level and drug dose. 2. sex, tobacco smoking and alcohol usage had no statistically significant effect. there was a trend towards higher phenytoin levels relative to drug dose in oral contraceptive users. 3. this finding prompted an add ... | 1979 | 552294 |
| studies on the effects of variation in the quantities of the constituents of cow's urine concoction on its acute toxicity in mice. | cow's urine concoction of different compositions were prepared by varying the quantities of the active materials: tobacco leaves (nicotiana tobaccum): leaves of occimum viride; rock salt and juice of citrus medica. these modified concoctions were tested for their acute toxic effects in mice by observing how many died as a result of their administration. log.dose/response curves were plotted and from these curves, the l.d.50 values were obtained and the potency ratios calculated. it was shown tha ... | 1979 | 555130 |
| association of cancer sites with tobacco and alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status of patients: interview study from the third national cancer survey. | from personal interviews obtained for 7,518 incident cases of invasive cancer from the population-based third national cancer survey, the quantitative lifetime use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, unsmoked tobacco, wine, beer, hard liquor, and combined alcohol were recorded, as well as education and family income level. in an initial screening analysis of these data, mantel-haenszel 2 x 2 contingency tabulations and multiple regression analyses were used to compare each specific cancer site with co ... | 1977 | 557114 |