| solid-state fermentation of phytase from cassava dregs. | phytases produced by numerous microorganisms and plants degrade phytic acid that has chelated with metal ions in food and feed. it is important to study phytase for the role of metal ions in nutrition of animals and humans as well as in the reduction of organic phosphate content of aqueous environment. this article reports on solid-state fermentation of phytase from a new substrate of cassava dregs. large quantities of cassava dregs are produced in tropical areas as a byproduct of cassava starch ... | 2001 | 11963905 |
| replacement of maize with cassava sievates in cockerel starter diets: effect on performance and carcass characteristics. | | 2002 | 11969113 |
| effects of different fibre sources and fat addition on cholesterol and cholesterol-related lipids in blood serum, bile and body tissues of growing pigs. | knowledge is limited on the efficacy of hindgut-fermentable dietary fibre to reduce blood, bile and body tissue cholesterol levels. in three experiments with growing pigs the effects of different kinds and levels of bacterially fermentable fibre (bfs) on cholesterol metabolism were examined. various diets calculated to have similar contents of metabolizable energy were supplied for complete fattening periods. in the first experiment, a stepwise increase from 12 to 20% bfs was performed by supple ... | 2002 | 11972674 |
| population history of manihot esculenta (euphorbiaceae) inferred from nuclear dna sequences. | the nature of gene flow in plants -- including the propensity for interspecific introgression -- makes them interesting candidates for phylogeographical analysis. plant phylogeography studies have been limited, however, by the availability of suitable intraspecific variation. in this study, dna sequence variation from a nuclear gene [glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; (g3pdh)] was used to examine the population history of manihot esculenta ssp. flabellifolia and a potentially hybridizing ... | 2002 | 11975706 |
| cassava diet--a cause for mucopolysaccharidosis? | studies were carried out to determine the changes in glycosaminnoglycan (gag) metabolism in rats fed cassava with varying cyanoglucoside levels and two levels of protein. results indicated that there was an enhancement in the level of total and individual gag with a corresponding reduction in the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycan. these changes were significant for rats given a cassava diet (raw and boiled cassava) and low protein. the changes in total and indi ... | 2002 | 12049146 |
| a distinct bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: sternorrhyncha: aleyrodidae) genotype cluster is associated with the epidemic of severe cassava mosaic virus disease in uganda. | during the 1990s, an epidemic of cassava mosaic virus disease caused major losses to cassava production in uganda. two factors associated with the epidemic were the occurrence of a novel recombinant begomovirus, eacmv-ug, and unusually high populations of the whitefly vector, bemisia tabaci. here we present molecular evidence for the occurrence of two cassava-colonizing b. tabaci genotype clusters, ug1 and ug2, one of which, ug2, can be consistently associated with the cmd epidemic in uganda at ... | 2002 | 12074729 |
| co-adaptation between cassava mosaic geminiviruses and their local vector populations. | four cassava mosaic geminivirus (cmg) isolates; african cassava mosaic virus from namulonge, uganda (acmv-[nam]), east african cassava mosaic virus from mtwara, tanzania (eacmv-[mtw]), eacmv-uganda from namulonge (eacmv-ug[nam]) and indian cassava mosaic virus from trivandrum, india (icmv-[tri]) were compared for their ability to be transmitted by four colonies of cassava whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), collected from namulonge (nam), mtwara (mtw), kumasi (kum) and trivandrum (tri). with 2 ... | 2002 | 12076831 |
| bacterial population of a two-phase anaerobic digestion process treating effluent of cassava starch factory. | different groups of microorganisms in a two-phase anaerobic system were enumerated to evaluate the prevalence of specific groups and species. total and fecal coliforms showed similar values both in acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. the fecal streptococci were 4-fold higher in the acidogenic reactor, when compared with those of the methanogenic reactor. as expected, no methane forming or sulfate reducing bacteria were found in the acidogenic reactor. the populations of methanogenic bacteria w ... | 2002 | 12088382 |
| energy metabolism of cocks and broiler chickens fed on diets with different carbohydrate sources. | energy balances of cocks and chickens were measured using the nitrogen-carbon-balance method. in experiment 1 twelve adult white leghorn cocks were fed alternately on a basal ration or on a supplemental ration composed of 75% basal diet and 25% carbohydrate source as a supplement. in experiment 2 six groups of 12 male broiler chickens were fed successively on two diets each with different carbohydrate sources (40% of dm) and on two energy levels. the investigated carbohydrate sources were glucos ... | 2001 | 12098835 |
| neuropathologic study of long term cyanide administration to goats. | cyanogenic glycosides, which release cyanide, are present in several plant species of high importance for animal production, such as cassava and sorghum. several human neurological diseases have been associated with chronic cyanide exposure. on the other hand, these effects in ruminants are almost unknown. thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the long-term lesions of the central nervous system (cns) caused by daily administration of potassium cyanide (kcn) to goats. thirty-f ... | 2002 | 12176095 |
| in vitro, greenhouse and field assessments of cassava lines for resistance to anthracnose disease caused by colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis. | fifty-three cassava lines were selected from breeding populations at the international institute of tropical agriculture (iita), ibadan, nigeria and screened in vitro for resistance to cassava anthracnose disease (cad). the in vitro inoculation of stem cuttings with the fungus colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis showed significant differences (p +/- 0.05) in acervuli production and in the sensitivity of the cassava lines to the fungal infection after 7 days of incubation at 25 degrees ... | 2002 | 12206320 |
| [brazil: agricultural modernisation and food production restructuring in the international crisis]. | this study examines the complex relationship of capital accumulation, external debt, and food supply in brazil, a country which has simultaneously increased its food exports and its unsatisfied demand for food imports in the context of the world economic crisis. in brazil, the substitution of export cash crops for subsistence crops has been accompanied by a profound but incomplete restructuring of the basic food supply and model of consumption, a restructuring made possible by declining real co ... | 1985 | 12267623 |
| dying for water. | in danchira village in ghana for the last 5 years, women and children rise before dawn every day to fetch water from a tributary or the river densu, which is 5 miles from the village. diminished rainfall has dried the village's 3 ponds and bore-hole where the women and children used to fetch water. to exacerbate the water problem, the ghana water and sewerage corporation no longer comes to fill the huge water tank it brought to danchira when water scarcity first occurred. the villagers could ... | 1993 | 12287019 |
| [local food mixtures for the treatment of protein-calorie malnutrition in the mondongo, zaire rural health center]. | protein-calorie malnutrition is found in environments characterized by ignorance, illiteracy, poverty, poor hygiene, and absence of food processing industries. at the mondongo rural health center in zaire, malnourished children are not rare, although they live in an environment rich in the foods necessary for growth and development. parents are poorly informed about the desirable age at weaning, the nutritional requirements of weaned infants, and appropriate diet and food preparation for weane ... | 1993 | 12287305 |
| population and food problems in indonesia. | this discussion examines the relationship between population growth and food problems in indonesia and their connection with the total food production requirement particularly of staples or basic foods in the country. in 1976 indonesia's population numbered about 130 million. the uneven distribution of population by regions is 1 of the outstanding features of indonesia's demographic situation. the estimates of mortality levels for the period 1961-1971 mostly refer to life expectancies at birt ... | 1979 | 12312142 |
| aids and agricultural production. report of a land utilization survey, masaka and rakai districts of uganda. | increased aids mortality and other preexisting conditions have contributed to agricultural productivity declines in the districts of masaka and rakai in uganda. these two districts were the most fertile in uganda and also had the highest hiv seroprevalence rates in africa. 66% of study households experienced land use decline to some extent over the past 5 years. the 11% decline in poultry production and 32% decline in cattle production was reportedly due to poor management and loss of grazing la ... | 1993 | 12319218 |
| the relevant population dynamics to land degradation in the northeast region. | this paper reviews the possible linkage between population factors such as population size/growth, in-migration/out-migration, and age/sex structures and land degradation in northeastern thailand. using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the feasible relationship between population factors and land degradation are analyzed. in addition, a review of the existing reforestation and population policy of the thai government is presented. analysis within sample units demonstrated a significa ... | 2000 | 12322566 |
| [children and traditional practices]. | african traditional practices can be both beneficial and harmful to the newly born. this article describes these practices from 4 perspectives: 1) the period following childbirth or "maternage;" 2) nutrition; 3) curative care; and 4) social customs. the beneficial practices include: 1) giving the baby water as soon as he is washed to prevent neonatal hypoglycemia; 2) breast feeding; 3) carrying the baby on the mother's back and 4) the traditional massage. the harmful practices during maternag ... | 1990 | 12342828 |
| tropical calcific pancreatitis: strong association with spink1 trypsin inhibitor mutations. | tropical calcific pancreatitis (tcp) is a chronic pancreatitis unique to developing countries in tropical regions. the cause of tcp is obscure. whereas environmental factors, such as protein energy malnutrition and ingestion of cassava, have been implicated, a genetic predisposition to the disease also may be important. in the present study we report on mutations in the serine protease inhibitor, kazal type 1 (spink1) gene in north indian patients with tcp. | 2002 | 12360463 |
| optimisation of batch culture conditions for cyclodextrin glucanotransferase production from bacillus circulans df 9r. | background: the extracellular enzyme cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase) synthesizes cyclic malto-oligosaccharides called cyclodextrins (cds) from starch and related alpha-1,4-glucans. cgtases are produced by a variety of bacteria, mainly bacillus species, by submerged culture in complex medium. cgtases differ in the amount and types of cds produced. in addition, cgtase production is highly dependent on the strain, medium composition and culture conditions. therefore we undertook this study ... | 2002 | 12392599 |
| gibberellic acid production by solid-state fermentation in coffee husk. | five strains of gibberella fujikuroi and one of fusarium moniliforme were screened for the production of gibberellic acid (ga3) in coffee husk, and based on the results, one strain, g. fujikuroi lpb-06, was selected. the comparative production of ga3 by solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation indicated better productivity with the former technique, mainly with pretreated substrate. the ga3 accumulation was 6.1 times higher in the case of solid-state fermentation. considering the c:n ... | 2002 | 12396121 |
| adaptation to the digestion of nutrients of a starch diet or a non-starch polysaccharide diet in group-housed pregnant sows. | a trial was conducted with twenty group-housed pregnant sows to study the adaptation in nutrient digestibility to a starch-rich diet or a diet with a high level of fermentable non-starch polysaccharides (nsp) during a time period of 6 weeks. the starch-rich diet was primarily composed of wheat, peas and tapioca, whereas soya bean hulls and sugar beet pulp, which both are highly fermentable nsp sources, were used to formulate the nsp-rich diet. the starch-rich diet and the nsp-rich diet were form ... | 2002 | 12534834 |
| [study on factors influencing agrobacterium-mediated cassava transformation]. | factors influencing agrobacterium-mediated cassava transformation were investigated. among the four agrobacterium strains tested, lba 4404 (ptok 233) and lba 4404 (pbin9gusint) gave higher transient expression than c 58 c1 (pig121hm) and eha 105 (pbin9husint). pretreatment of explants by bombardment or vaccum had no significant effect on transient expression while preinduction of agrobacterium with acetosyringone showed better effects, and preculture of explants showed worse effects. all the cul ... | 1999 | 12548867 |
| [continuous ethanol fermentation using tapioca starch by immobilized yeast cell without carrier]. | a widespread interest has been noted in continuous power ethanol fermentation utilizing systems with immobilized yeast cell through self-flocculating. we studied continuous ethanol fermentation by a naturally flocculent strain of schizosaccharomyces pombe and the performance of two-stage continuous ethanol fermentation system using suspended-bioreactors(total effective volume 1.5 l) has been established: the high biomass levels achieved allow efficient ethanol conversion(72.7 g/l, average), resi ... | 2000 | 12548945 |
| identification, isolation and quantification of representative bacteria from fermented cassava dough using an integrated approach of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. | the use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and traditional culture-depending methods for examining the bacterial community of traditional cassava starch fermentation were investigated. it appeared that dgge profiles of total dna of cassava dough exhibited 10 distinguishable bands. in contrast, dgge fingerprints of bacteria recovered from enrichment cultures of fermented dough gave variable profiles containing fewer bands. bands corresponding to five bacterial species detected by d ... | 2003 | 12568751 |
| multitasking in replication is common among geminiviruses. | geminiviruses package single-stranded circular dna and replicate via double-stranded dna intermediates. during the past decade, increasing evidence has led to the general acceptance that their replication follows a rolling-circle replication mechanism like bacteriophages with single-stranded dna. in a recent study, we showed that this is also true for abutilon mosaic geminivirus (abmv), but that this particular virus may also use a recombination-dependent replication (rdr) route in analogy to t4 ... | 2003 | 12584322 |
| plant feeding by a predatory mite inhabiting cassava. | plant feeding by arthropod predators may strongly affect the dynamics of bi-and tri-trophic interactions. we tested whether a predatory mite, typhlodromalus aripo, feeds upon its host plant, cassava. this predator species is an effective biological control agent of monoychellus tanajoa (the cassava green mite or cgm) a herbivorous mite specific to cassava. we developed a technique to detect plant feeding, based on the use of a systemic insecticide. we found that t. aripo feeds upon plant-borne m ... | 2002 | 12593510 |
| effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on behavior and heat production in group-housed sows. | the effects of dietary nonstarch polysaccharides (nsp) on behavior and heat production in group-housed sows were studied. twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were fed one of four experimental diets that were similar in composition except for starch and nsp contents. exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca created the difference in dietary starch and nsp ratio. on a dry matter (dm) basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% sbps. sows were group-housed. intake of fermentable nsp (fns ... | 2003 | 12597389 |
| the clinicopathologic significance of enriching grated cassava mash with red palm oil in the production of gari. | the neglect of traditional processing methods in the production of gari (toasted cassava granules) has been blamed for reported cases of poisoning following consumption of gari. this study investigated the nutritional and clinicopathologic effects of not enriching cassava mash with red palm oil (rpo) during gari production. two gari samples were produced with and without rpo. total cyanogen, acetone cyanohydrin, free cyanogen, and crude protein contents were not found to be significantly (p > 0. ... | 2002 | 12602937 |
| efficient replication of cloned african cassava mosaic virus in cassava leaf disks. | a transient viral replication assay for cloned african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) was developed using cassava leaf disks. tms60444 leaf disks were transfected using biolistic-mediated inoculation with acmv clones pkacmva and pkacmvb, which originate from west kenya acmv isolate 844 (acmv-ke). viral dna synthesized de novo was monitored by southern hybridization with an av1 dna probe. by using the methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes dpni and mboi, it was possible to distinguish between the ... | 2003 | 12606075 |
| the relation between starch digestion rate and amino acid level for broiler chickens. | digestion coefficients of nutrients give information about the amount of nutrients available to the animal but not about the rate or site of absorption. gradual digestion of starch may have an amino acid sparing effect and therefore enhance growth efficiency of broiler chickens. a growth trial was performed with 6,800 broiler chickens from 9 to 30 d of age to investigate interactions between starch digestion rate and amino acid level. birds were fed either a pea-corn-based diet (slowly digestibl ... | 2003 | 12619806 |
| a transformation method for obtaining marker-free plants of a cross-pollinating and vegetatively propagated crop. | it is generally thought that transformation of plant cells using agrobacterium tumefaciens occurs at a very low frequency. therefore, selection marker genes are used to identify the rare plants that have taken up foreign dna. genes encoding antibiotic and herbicide resistance are widely used for this purpose in plant transformation. over the past several years, consumer and environmental groups have expressed concern about the use of antibiotic- and herbicide-resistance genes from an ecological ... | 2003 | 12627169 |
| a novel circulating loop bioreactor with cells immobilized in loofa ( luffa cylindrica) sponge for the bioconversion of raw cassava starch to ethanol. | a circulating loop bioreactor (clb) with cells immobilized in loofa sponge was constructed for simultaneous aerobic and anaerobic processes. the clb consists of an aerated riser and a non-aerated downcomer column connected at the top and bottom by cylindrical pipes. ethanol production from raw cassava starch was investigated in the clb. aspergillus awamori iam 2389 and saccharomyces cerevisiae ir2 immobilized on loofa sponge were placed, respectively, in the aerated riser column and non-aerated ... | 2003 | 12664145 |
| new cytotoxic triterpene acids from aboveground parts of manihot esculenta from the suriname rainforest. | two novel triterpene acids, esculentoic acid a ( 1) and b ( 2) as well as the seven known compounds 3 - 9 were isolated from an etoac extract of leaves, stems, and twigs of manihot esculenta by bioassay-guided fractionation for cytotoxic activity. the structures of the two new compounds were established as 3alpha-hydroxytaraxer-14-en-29-oic acid ( 1) and 3-oxotaraxer-14-en-29-oic acid ( 2) on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic data interpretation and chemical conversions. the two new compo ... | 2003 | 12677535 |
| cassava (manihot esculenta) leaf and tuber concentrate in diets for broiler chickens. | experiment 1 was conducted to determine the nutritive quality of cassava tuber leaf concentrate prepared either by mixing cassava tubers and leaves together before grinding or grinding them separately before mixing. three mixing proportions of 50:50, 60:40 and 80:20 were used. samples were subjected to either sundrying or oven drying. physical examination of samples, proximate analysis and cyanide content of each of the samples were determined. in experiment 2 the sample of highest nutritive val ... | 2003 | 12688471 |
| metabolic and hormonal effects of five common african diets eaten as mixed meals: the cameroon study. | to evaluate glycaemic and insulinaemic index and in vitro digestibility of the five most common cameroonian mixed meals consisting of rice+tomato soup (diet a), bean stew+plantains (b), foofoo corn+ndolé (c), yams+groundnut soup (d), and koki beans+cassava (e). | 2003 | 12700620 |
| [neurological syndromes linked with the intake of plants and fungi containing a toxic component (i). neurotoxic syndromes caused by the ingestion of plants, seeds and fruits]. | a wide range of plants, seeds and fruits used for nutritional and medicinal purposes can give rise to neurotoxic symptoms. | 2003 | 12717675 |
| cassava flour wastewater as a substrate for biosurfactant production. | five cassava flour wastewater (manipueira) preparations were tested as culture media for biosurfactant production by a wild-type bacillus sp. isolate. no-solids (f), no-solids diluted (f/2), natural (i), natural diluted (i/2), and decanted (ips) were the tested manipueira media. the microorganism was able to grow and to produce biosurfactant on all manipueira preparations. the media whose solids were removed (f and f/2) showed better results than preparations with the presence of solids (i, i/2, ... | 2003 | 12721453 |
| transfer and expression of an artificial storage protein (asp1) gene in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | in order to increase the nutritional quality of cassava storage roots, which contain up to 85% starch of their dry weight, but are deficient in protein, a synthetic asp1 gene encoding a storage protein rich in essential amino acids (80%) was introduced into embryogenic suspensions of cassava via agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. transgenic plants were regenerated from suspension lines derived from hygromycin-resistant friable embryogenic callus lines. molecular analysis showed the stable int ... | 2003 | 12739891 |
| fish are central in the diet of amazonian riparians: should we worry about their mercury concentrations? | the amazon rain forest extends over an area of 7.8x10(6)km(2) in nine countries. it harbors a diverse human population distributed in dense cities and isolated communities with extreme levels of infrastructure. amazonian forest people, either autochthons or frontier riparians (ribeirinhos) living in isolated areas, share the same environment for survival and nutritional status. the peculiarities of the hydrological cycle determine disease patterns, agricultural conditions, and food availability. ... | 2003 | 12804520 |
| neuro-ophthalmologic findings in konzo, an upper motor neuron disorder in africa. | to investigate the neuro-ophthalmological manifestations in konzo, a non-progressive symmetric spastic para/tetraparesis of acute onset associated with consumption of insufficiently processed bitter cassava roots combined with a low protein intake. | 2003 | 12872796 |
| short interfering rna-mediated interference of gene expression and viral dna accumulation in cultured plant cells. | gene silencing mediated by double-stranded rna is a sequence-specific rna degradation mechanism highly conserved in eukaryotes that serves as an antiviral defense pathway in both plants and drosophila. short interfering rnas (sirnas), the 21- to 23-nt double-stranded intermediates of this natural defense mechanism, are becoming powerful tools for reducing gene expression and countering viral infection in a variety of mammalian cells. here we report the use of sirnas to target reporter gene expre ... | 2003 | 12886005 |
| a single residual replacement improves the folding and stability of recombinant cassava hydroxynitrile lyase in e. coil. | substitution of ser113 for gly113 in the cap domain of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) was performed by site-directed mutagenesis to improve its self-generated folding and stability under denaturation conditions. the yield of the recombinant mutant hnl1 (mut-hnl1), which had higher specific activity than the wild type hnl0 (wt-hnl0), was increased by 2 to 3-fold. thermostability of mehnl was also enhanced, probably due to an increase in content of the beta-strand secondary st ... | 2003 | 12889812 |
| l-lactic acid production from raw cassava starch in a circulating loop bioreactor with cells immobilized in loofa (luffa cylindrica). | l-lactic acid was produced from raw cassava starch, by simultaneous enzyme production, starch saccharification and fermentation in a circulating loop bioreactor with aspergillus awamori and lactococcus lactis spp. lactis immobilized in loofa sponge. a. awamori was immobilized directly in cylindrical loofa sponge while the l. lactis was immobilized in a loofa sponge alginate gel cube. in the loofa sponge alginate gel cube, the sponge serves as skeletal support for the gel with the cells. the algi ... | 2003 | 12889820 |
| new aspects in pathogenesis of konzo: neural cell damage directly caused by linamarin contained in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | epidemic spastic paraparesis (konzo) found in tropical and subtropical countries is known to be caused by long-term intake of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), which contains a cyanoglucoside linamarin (alpha-hydroxyisobutyronitrile-beta-d-glucopyranoside). it has been reported that linamarin is enzymatically converted to cyanide by bacteria in the intestine, and this is absorbed into the blood and then damages neural cells. however, unmetabolized linamarin was found in the urine after oral ad ... | 2003 | 12908909 |
| rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis: a thermotolerant fungus with potential for production of thermostable amylases. | the effect of several nutritional and environmental parameters on growth and amylase production from rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis was analysed. this fungus was isolated from soil of the brazilian "cerrado" and produced high levels of amylolytic activity at 45 degrees c in liquid medium supplemented with starch, sugar cane bagasse, oat meal or cassava flour. glucose in the culture medium drastically repressed the amylolytic activity. the products of hydrolysis were analysed by thin l ... | 2003 | 12920607 |
| characterization and differentiation of lactobacillus manihotivorans strains isolated from cassava sour starch. | lactobacillus manihotivorans has been reported as one of the dominant species in cassava sour starch production process. seven isolates that have previously been identified as belonging to this species were studied in the present work. their molecular and phenotypic characteristics showed higher strain diversity than previously described. differences were found in their fermentation profiles, whereas no major differences were observed in properties related to processing conditions (salt concentr ... | 2003 | 12927722 |
| tolerance, toxicity, and caloric availability of intravenously injected tapioca dextrin solution in rabbits. | | 1952 | 12999634 |
| influence of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on methane production and fermentation of concentrate feeds by rumen micro-organisms in vitro. | batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on the fermentation of five concentrate feeds (maize, barley, wheat, sorghum and cassava meal). rumen contents were collected from four merino sheep fed lucerne hay ad libitum and supplemented with 300 g concentrate/d. disodium fumarate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 7 and 10 mm-fumarate. in 17 h incubations, the final ph and ... | 2003 | 13129468 |
| effects of partial replacement of rice in a rice diet by tapioca flour on the metabolism of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in adult human beings. | | 1954 | 13140824 |
| partial replacement of rice with tapioca in poor rice diets; the effect on growth and liver structure in the albino rat. | | 1958 | 13523097 |
| effect of long-term feeding of albino rats on rice and on rice-tapioca diets on the blood and on the liver. | | 1958 | 13572752 |
| preliminary study of l-lysine production by bacillus species using various agricultural by-products. | the production of lysine by bacillus megaterium sp-14 and bacillus circulans tx-22 using agricultural by-products as carbon and nitrogen sources was assessed. among the carbon substrates used were potato, sorghum, plantain, millet, yam, cassava, and corn starches, while the nitrogen sources include cowpea, bambara-nut, cotton seed, groundnut, soybean, and blood meals. the effect of natural nitrogen sources (1.0% w/v) and synthetic nitrogen source (4.0% w/v (nh4)2so4) on lysine production by the ... | 2003 | 13678257 |
| nutritive value of cereal and cassava diets for growing and fattening pigs in nigeria. | | 1961 | 13731827 |
| effect of varying levels of protein and calcium in the diet on the structure and composition of liver of rats. i. the effect of supplementation of diets based on rice and rice-tapioca with calcium on the growth and structure and composition of liver of albino rats. | | 1960 | 13789689 |
| the impact of cyanoglycoside rich fraction isolated from cassava (manihot esculenta) on alcohol induced oxidative stress. | the effects of feeding a cassava (manihot esculenta) rich diet on alcohol induced peroxidative damages were investigated in male albino rats. rats were divided into four groups and maintained for 60 days as follows. (1) control group: cassava free diet, (2) alcohol group: cassava free diet+ethanol (4 g/kg body wt/day), (3) cassava group: cassava diet and (4) alcohol+cassava group: cassava diet+ethanol (4 g/kg body wt/day). results revealed that alcohol induced significant lipid peroxidation, sin ... | 2003 | 14505936 |
| micronutrient fortification of plants through plant breeding: can it improve nutrition in man at low cost? | can commonly-eaten food staple crops be developed that fortify their seeds with essential minerals and vitamins? can farmers be induced to grow such varieties? if so, would this result in a marked improvement in human nutrition at a lower cost than existing nutrition interventions? an interdisciplinary international effort is underway to breed for mineral- and vitamin-dense varieties of rice, wheat, maize, beans and cassava for release to farmers in developing countries. the biofortification str ... | 2003 | 14506888 |
| antimicrobial interactions of microbial species involved in the fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima with particular reference to the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria on enteric pathogens. | lactic acid bacteria, bacillus species and yeasts are involved in the fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima. microbial interactions within and between these groups of microorganisms were investigated in addition to the survival of five enteric pathogens inoculated into agbelima under various conditions. nine out of 10 cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated at the end of agbelima fermentation showed inhibitory effect against 10 cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated at the start of fe ... | 2003 | 14580972 |
| improvement of organoleptic quality of retted cassava products by alkali pretreatment of roots and addition of sodium nitrate during retting. | alkali pretreatment of cassava roots before retting and addition of sodium nitrate during retting were used to manipulate the metabolism of microorganisms involved in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) retting, as a method for removing the characteristic offensive odour of retted cassava products. odour was assessed by organoleptic methods. the characteristics of fermentation of cassava by the traditional method (control) were as follows; aerobic mesophilic count (apc) on nutrient agar (na) at 3 ... | 2003 | 14580976 |
| use of cell culture media for cultivation of the mite pathogenic fungi neozygites tanajoae and neozygites floridana. | the pathogenic fungus neozygites tanajoae, one of the most efficient natural enemies of the cassava green mite (cgm) mononychellus tanajoa in brazil, was introduced experimentally in benin in 1998/1999 for the control of cgm. isolation methods and culture media for in vitro production of n. tanajoae are reported for the first time in this study. continuous growth of n. tanajoae was achieved using medium nt-1 (ipl-41+5-10% fetal bovine serum+0.3% lactalbumin hydrolysate+0.3% yeastolate). this med ... | 2003 | 14615221 |
| microbial modification of the texture of grated cassava during fermentation into akyeke. | the traditional akyeke inoculum and fermenting akyeke, an indigenous cassava product, were investigated to identify microbial species responsible for the modification of cassava texture during fermentation. both field and laboratory samples were examined and only some cultures isolated on plate count agar and malt extract agar were found to be capable of causing a softening of cassava tissue when plated directly on sterile cassava slices. the cassava tissue softening isolates on pca were tentati ... | 2003 | 14623393 |
| novel system for the simultaneous analysis of geminivirus dna replication and plant interactions in nicotiana benthamiana. | the origin of replication of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and a gene expression vector based on potato virus x were exploited to devise an in planta system for functional analysis of the geminivirus replication-associated protein (rep) in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana line pori-2. this line contains an integrated copy of a tandem repeat of the acmv origin of replication flanking nonviral sequences that can be mobilized and replicated by rep as an episomal replicon. a rep-gfp fusion pro ... | 2003 | 14645587 |
| effect of fungi fermentation on organoleptic properties, energy content and in-vitro multienzyme digestibility of cassava products (flour & gari). | the present study sought to investigate the effect of fungi fermentation on the energy content, sensory quality and the digestibility (in vitro) of cassava products (flour and gari). the fungi fermented cassava products (gari and flour) were produced, by fermenting cassava mash with pure strains of some common saprophytes, namely, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, rhizopus oryzae and saccharomyces spp (baker's yeast and palm wine yeast) for 72 hrs before processing into cassava flour and ga ... | 2003 | 14653508 |
| optimization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase production from klebsiella pneumoniae as-22 in batch, fed-batch, and continuous cultures. | production of a novel cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (cgtase) from klebsiella pneumoniae as-22 strain, which converts starch predominantly to alpha-cd at high conversion yields, in batch, fed-batch, and continuous cultures, is presented. in batch fermentations, optimization of different operating parameters such as temperature, ph, agitation speed, and carbon-source concentration resulted in more than 6-fold increase in cgtase activity. the enzyme production was further improved by two fed-bat ... | 2003 | 14656144 |
| acid hydrolysis of native and annealed starches and branch-structure of their naegeli dextrins. | eight commercial starches, including common corn, waxy corn, wheat, tapioca, potato, hylon v, hylon vii, and mung bean starch, were annealed by a multiple-step process, and their gelatinization characteristics were determined. annealed starches had higher gelatinization temperatures, reduced gelatinization ranges, and increased gelatinization enthalpies than their native starches. the annealed starches with the highest gelatinization enthalpies were subjected to acid hydrolysis with 15.3% h2so4, ... | 2003 | 14667708 |
| possible etiologies for tropical spastic paraparesis and human t lymphotropic virus i-associated myelopathy. | the epidemiology of tropical spastic paraparesis/human t lymphotropic virus i (htlv-i)-associated myelopathy (tsp/ham) is frequently inconsistent and suggests environmental factors in the etiology of these syndromes. the neuropathology corresponds to a toxometabolic or autoimmune process and possibly not to a viral disease. some logical hypotheses about the etiology and physiopathology of tsp and ham are proposed. glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, central distal axonopathies, cassava, lathyrism ... | 2004 | 14689037 |
| genetic structure and population dynamics of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in colombia from 1995 to 1999. | restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) were used to study the population genetics and temporal dynamics of the cassava bacterial pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. the population dynamics were addressed by comparing samples collected from 1995 to 1999 from six locations, spanning four different edaphoclimatic zones (eczs). forty-five different x. axonopodis pv. manihotis rflp types or haplotypes were identified between 1995 and 1999. high genetic diversity of the x. axonop ... | 2004 | 14711649 |
| cassava, manihot esculenta crantz genetic resources: vi. anatomy of a diversity center. | central brasil is one of the four centers of diversity of manihot species. of 26 wild manihot species reported to occur in this region, 20 were collected from two limited areas, each less than 100 km in diameter. these two areas are goiás velho and corumbá de goiás. considering the harlan concept of geographic patterns of variation of cultivated crops, it is assumed that the two areas are microcenters of cassava diversity. topographic, soil and ethnological data of these species were collected a ... | 2003 | 14966687 |
| short deletions in nuclear targeting sequences of african cassava mosaic virus coat protein prevent geminivirus twinned particle formation. | coat proteins (cps) of geminiviruses are multifunctional proteins. using transient expression experiments, we have recently identified putative sequence motifs of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) cp involved in nuclear import (nls) and export (nes) (virology 286 (2001) 373). here, we report on the effect of corresponding deletion mutants in the context of infecting viruses. since nls and nes may overlap with dna binding and multimerisation domains, we have investigated their effect on viral i ... | 2004 | 14972538 |
| preparation of spray-dried wettable powder formulations of bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticides. | bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biopesticide among many methods available to control insects. to make a saleable product, b. thuringiensis must be substantially concentrated by removal of water and formulated to improve longevity, efficacy, and ease of transport of the product. b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai culture broth as an active ingredient was mixed with various adjuvants and then spray dried. the optimum conditions for spray drying were found to be an outlet temperature of ... | 2003 | 14994793 |
| bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae) biotypes in india. | host plant performance, esterase, and virus transmission tests revealed cassava-strain and sweetpotato-strain populations of whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotypes in india. individuals from the sweetpotato-reared population did not breed on cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, and the cassava-strain-reared individuals failed to develop on sweetpotato, ipomoea batatus (l.) lam. eggplant, solanum melongena l., and tobacco, nicotiana tabacum l., were common hosts for both biotypes. the cassava ... | 2003 | 14994796 |
| reaction mechanism of hydroxynitrile lyases of the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily: the three-dimensional structure of the transient enzyme-substrate complex certifies the crucial role of lys236. | the hydroxynitrile lyases (hnls) from hevea brasiliensis (hbhnl) and from manihot esculenta (mehnl) are both members of the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily. mechanistic proposals have been put forward in the past for both enzymes; they differed with respect to the role of the active-site lysine residue for which a catalytic function was claimed for the hevea enzyme but denied for the manihot enzyme. we applied a freeze-quench method to prepare crystals of the complex of hbhnl with the biologica ... | 2004 | 14998991 |
| biosurfactant production by bacillus subtilis using cassava-processing effluent. | a cassava flour-processing effluent (manipueira) was evaluated as a substrate for surfactant production by two bacillus subtilis strains. b. subtilis atcc 21332 reduced the surface tension of the medium to 25.9 mn/m, producing a crude biosurfactant concentration of 2.2 g/l. the wild-type strain, b. subtilis lb5a, reduced the surface tension of the medium to 26.6 mn/m, giving a crude biosurfactant concentration of 3.0 g/l. a decrease in surfactant concentration observed for b. subtilis atcc 21332 ... | 2004 | 15007184 |
| cassava cyanogens and fish mercury are high but safely consumed in the diet of native amazonians. | the two most important staple foods (cassava and fish) in the diet of native amazonians contain neurotoxins (linamarin and monomethyl mercury, mmhg). these same neurotoxins are public health issues in other parts of the world. factors such as chemistry, environment, and human ecology determine the endemism of neuropathies caused by consumption of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and fish. linamarin is a natural component of cassava tubers that can be destroyed before consumption by proper proc ... | 2004 | 15041248 |
| begomoviruses from mungbeans in pakistan: epitope profiles, dna a sequences and phylogenetic relationships. | monoclonal antibodies raised against particles of african cassava mosaic virus, indian cassava mosaic virus or okra leaf curl virus were used to test samples collected in pakistan from begomovirus-infected plants. epitope profiles obtained from cucurbits resembled those previously reported for pakistani begomoviruses. in contrast, epitope profiles obtained from legumes showed little diversity and were quite distinct from these. dna with nucleotide sequences typical of begomovirus dna a component ... | 2004 | 15045567 |
| maternal thiocyanate and thyroid status during breast-feeding. | cyanogenic glucosides are naturally present in plant foods especially in staple foods (cassava) consumed by millions of people in tropical countries. most traditional processing methods are effective in detoxifying such goitrogens to safe levels of consumption. nevertheless, residual cyanide (cn) is rapidly metabolized to thiocyanate (scn) by existing metabolic pathways. there are concerns that goitrogens may reach the nursing infants through breast feeding or cow's milk based formulas. scn adve ... | 2004 | 15047674 |
| [serological survey of toxoplasma gondii infection in isolated amerindians, mato grosso]. | this study determined the occurrence of the antibodies anti-toxoplasma gondii among the enawenê-nawê, an indigenous population of mato grosso. these inhabit a vast wild area, with rare contacts with non-indians. they do not keep domestic animals, including cats. their diet is based on insects, cassava, corn, honey and mushrooms, they do not consume meat, except fish. based on the above, serologic tests elisa-igg and indirect fluorescent antibody test for igg/igm were performed. from 148 samples, ... | 2003 | 15049105 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of a cactus virus x strain from hylocereus undatus (cactaceae). | the complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of cactus virus x (cvx-hu) isolated from hylocereus undatus (cactaceae) has been determined. excluding the poly(a) tail, the sequence is 6614 nucleotides in length and contains seven open reading frames (orfs). the genome organization of cvx is similar to that of other potexviruses. orf1 encodes the putative viral replicase with conserved methyltransferase, helicase, and polymerase motifs. within orf1, two other orfs were located separately in the +2 ... | 2004 | 15098117 |
| biosynthesis of the nitrile glucosides rhodiocyanoside a and d and the cyanogenic glucosides lotaustralin and linamarin in lotus japonicus. | lotus japonicus was shown to contain the two nitrile glucosides rhodiocyanoside a and rhodiocyanoside d as well as the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. the content of cyanogenic and nitrile glucosides in l. japonicus depends on plant developmental stage and tissue. the cyanide potential is highest in young seedlings and in apical leaves of mature plants. roots and seeds are acyanogenic. biosynthetic studies using radioisotopes demonstrated that lotaustralin, rhodiocyanoside a, a ... | 2004 | 15122013 |
| souring and breakdown of cyanogenic glucosides during the processing of cassava into akyeke. | the population and composition of the lactic acid bacteria microbiota as well as the content of cyanogenic glucosides occurring at various stages of fermentation and subsequent processing of cassava roots into akyeke, a steamed sour cassava meal, were investigated. the number of lactic acid bacteria and percentage titratable acidity increased during 5 days of fermentation, but decreases were observed in the subsequent operations of 'washing' the dough with water followed by partial drying and st ... | 2004 | 15135588 |
| phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidases in elicitor-challenged cassava (manihot esculenta) suspension cells and leaves. | control of diseases in the key tropical staple, cassava, is dependent on resistant genotypes, but the innate mechanisms are unknown. the aim was to study phenylpropanoids and associated enzymes as possible defence components. | 2004 | 15145789 |
| assessment of daily intake of trace elements due to consumption of foodstuffs by adult inhabitants of rio de janeiro city. | concentrations of al, cd, cr, cu, mn, ni, pb, u and zn were determined in vegetables (leafy vegetables, fruit, root, grain and cereal), derived products (sugar, coffee, manioc flour, wheat flour, corn flour, and pasta) and animal products (meat, fish, milk) most frequently consumed by adult inhabitants of rio de janeiro city. a total of 90 samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icpms) as the principal method following sample dissolution by dry and wet ashing. g ... | 2004 | 15172572 |
| rotenone-sensitive mitochondrial potential in phytomonas serpens: electrophoretic ca(2+) accumulation. | phytomonas sp. are flagellated trypanosomatid plant parasites that cause diseases of economic importance in plantations of coffee, oil palm, cassava and coconuts. here we investigated ca(2+) uptake by the vanadate-insensitive compartments using permeabilized phytomonas serpens promastigotes. this uptake occurs at a rate of 1.13+/-0.23 nmol ca(2+) mg x protein(-1) min(-1). it is completely abolished by the h(+) ionophore fccp and by valinomycin and nigericin. it is also inhibited by 2 microm ruth ... | 2004 | 15178471 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris mimicking a vascular tumour: a clinicopathological correlation. | although vascular iris processes are usually benign, they may be a clinical manifestation of iris melanoma, and this should be considered in the differential diagnosis. the case is reported of a 20-year-old man with a highly vascularized tapioca melanoma of the left iris without involvement of the anterior chamber angle or ciliary body, but with observed growth tendency. sector iridectomy was performed 2 months after first examination. in addition, two separate floating tumour nodules were obser ... | 2004 | 15180848 |
| glycaemic index of selected staples commonly eaten in the caribbean and the effects of boiling v. crushing. | integrating information about the glycaemic index (gi) of foods into the caribbean diet is limited by the lack of data. therefore, we determined the gi of eight staple foods eaten in the caribbean and the effect on gi of crushing selected tubers. groups of eight to ten healthy volunteers participated in three studies at two sites. gi was determined using a standard method with white bread and adjusted relative to glucose. the mean area under the glucose response curve elicited by white bread was ... | 2004 | 15182400 |
| anopheles gambiae feeding and survival on honeydew and extra-floral nectar of peridomestic plants. | it is widely believed that the malaria vector anopheles gambiae giles (diptera: culicidae) rarely or never feeds on sugar in nature. if so, the need for supplemental blood-feeding may be increased and this would help to explain why it is such an efficient malaria vector. nonetheless, both sexes of this mosquito species readily imbibe and digest sugar solutions, and sugar is a staple of laboratory colonies. in this study, we investigated whether an. gambiae will feed on the extra-floral nectar of ... | 2004 | 15189234 |
| multi-trophic level interactions in a cassava-maize mixed cropping system in the humid tropics of west africa. | multi-trophic level interactions in a mixed crop, involving cassava and maize, were studied in derived-savanna in benin, west africa. two trials were planted, one during the short rainy season two months before onset of the dry season and one during the long rainy season in spring. key pests under study on maize were the noctuid sesamia calamistis hampson and the pyralids eldana saccharina walker and mussidia nigrivenella ragonot, and on cassava, the exotic mealybug, phenacoccus manihoti matile- ... | 2004 | 15191627 |
| geminate structures of african cassava mosaic virus. | two types of geminate structures were purified from african cassava mosaic geminivirus (acmv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana plants and analyzed by electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction. after cesium sulfate density gradient centrifugation, they were separated into lighter top (t) and heavier bottom (b) components. t particles comigrated with host proteins, whereas b particles were concentrated in a cesium density typical for complete virions. both particles were composed of two incom ... | 2004 | 15194750 |
| goitrogenic content of indian cyanogenic plant foods & their in vitro anti-thyroidal activity. | consumption of cyanogenic foods has been considered as one of the etiological factors in certain instances for the persistence of endemic goitre. the present study was undertaken to study the cyanogenic glucosides, glucosinolates and thiocyanate content in edible portion of certain selected plant foods of indian origin. further in vitro anti-thyroidal activity using raw, boiled and cooked extracts of these plants with and without excess iodide was also studied. | 2004 | 15218979 |
| short interfering rna accumulation correlates with host recovery in dna virus-infected hosts, and gene silencing targets specific viral sequences. | viruses are both inducers and targets of posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs), a natural defense mechanism in plants. here we report molecular evidence of the ability of single-stranded dna (ssdna) viruses to induce ptgs in infected plants irrespective of the severity of or recovery from the symptoms. our results reveal that five distinct species of cassava-infecting geminiviruses were capable of triggering ptgs by producing two classes of virus-specific short interfering rnas (sirnas) of 2 ... | 2004 | 15220420 |
| production of fructosyl transferase by aspergillus oryzae cfr 202 in solid-state fermentation using agricultural by-products. | fructosyl transferase (ftase) production by aspergillus oryzae cfr 202 was carried out by solid-state fermentation (ssf), using various agricultural by-products like cereal bran, corn products, sugarcane bagasse,cassava bagasse (tippi) and by-products of coffee and tea processing. the ftase produced was used for the production of fructo-oligosaccharides (fos), using 60% sucrose as substrate. among the cereal bran used, rice bran and wheat bran were good substrates for ftase production by a. oryz ... | 2004 | 15221221 |
| effect of co-administration of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) rich diet and alcohol in rats. | the effects of co-administration of a cassava rich diet and alcohol in rats were investigated. the animals were divided into four groups (1) control, (2) alcohol, (3) cassava and (4) alcohol + cassava. consumption of alcohol along with cassava reduced the alcohol induced toxicity which was evidenced by the lower activities of got, gpt, ggt, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver and serum of co-administered group. the pyruvate content in the blood increased while the lactate cont ... | 2004 | 15270368 |
| utilization of various carbohydrate sources as affected by age in the chick. | in 3 experiments, new hampshire x columbian male chicks were fed carbohydrate-soybean meal (sbm) or casein diets from 0 to 21 d of age, and men was determined at 0 to 2, 3 to 4, 7, 14, and 21 d of age. carbohydrate sources evaluated in experiment 1 were dextrose (d-glucose), conventional cornstarch, dextrinized cornstarch, corn-syrup solids, pregelatinized unmodified cornstarch, pregelatinized tapioca starch, tapioca dextrin, high-amylose starch, and polycose (mixed glucose polymers). carbohydra ... | 2004 | 15285505 |
| development of a bionematicide with paecilomyces lilacinus to control meloidogyne incognita. | root-knot disease caused by meloidogyne incognita is a matter of grave concern because it affects several economically important crop plants. the use of solid-state fermentation (ssf) may help to elaborate efficient formulations with fungi to be employed in the biologic control of nematodes. attempts were made to select low-cost substrates for spore production of a strain of paecilomyces lilacinus with known nematicide capacity. coffee husks, cassava bagasse, and defatted soybean cake were utili ... | 2004 | 15304741 |
| comparison of citric acid production by solid-state fermentation in flask, column, tray, and drum bioreactors. | studies were conducted to evaluate citric acid production by solid-state fermentation (ssf) using cassava bagasse as substrate employing a fungal culture of aspergillus niger lpb 21 at laboratory and semipilot scale. optimization of the process parameters temperature, ph, initial humidity, aeration, and nutritive composition was conducted in flasks and column fermentors. the results showed that thermal treatment of cassava bagasse enhanced fungal fermentation efficacy, resulting in 220 g of citr ... | 2004 | 15304757 |
| xanthan gum production from cassava bagasse hydrolysate with xanthomonas campestris using alternative sources of nitrogen. | cassava bagasse was hydrolyzed using hcl and the hydrolysate was used for the production of xanthan gum using a bacterial culture of xanthomonas campestris. cassava bagasse hydrolysate with an initial concentration of approx 20 g of glucose/l proved to be the best substrate concentration for xanthan gum production. among the organic and inorganic nitrogen sources tested to supplement the medium-urea, yeast extract, peptone, potassium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate-potassium nitrate was most suita ... | 2004 | 15304758 |
| differential roles of ac2 and ac4 of cassava geminiviruses in mediating synergism and suppression of posttranscriptional gene silencing. | posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs) in plants is a natural defense mechanism against virus infection. in mixed infections, virus synergism is proposed to result from suppression of the host defense mechanism by the viruses. synergistic severe mosaic disease caused by simultaneous infection with isolates of the cameroon strain of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv-[cm]) and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv) in cassava and tobacco is characterized by a dramatic increase in ... | 2004 | 15308741 |
| regeneration of transgenic cassava from transformed embryogenic tissues. | production of transgenic plants is gradually becoming routine in cassava biotechnology. green cotyledons of maturing somatic embryos (somatic cotyledons for short) and friable embryogenic suspensions (fes) are the target tissues for transformation by agrobacterium or biolistics. putative transgenic shoots develop from transformed somatic cotyledons via shoot organogenesis or from fes via somatic embryogenesis under selection. maturation of transgenic somatic embryos is induced by transfer to mat ... | 2005 | 15310920 |
| microbiological quality of fermented cassava flour 'kpor umilin'. | a study was conducted on the microbiological quality of traditionally fermented cassava flour 'kpor umilin' and a laboratory modification of the method developed with a view to upgrading the traditional process. microbial analysis of samples from both processing methods was evaluated using standard microbiological methods. the bacterial count in the traditionally processed flours ranged from 2.7 x 10(3) to 1.2 x 10(7) cfu/g, while the modified sample had a count of 3.5 x 10(2) cfu/g. the predomi ... | 2004 | 15369985 |
| east african cassava mosaic zanzibar virus - a recombinant begomovirus species with a mild phenotype. | cassava plants exhibiting mild symptoms of cassava mosaic disease (cmd) were collected from unguja island, zanzibar. cuttings grown from these plants in the glasshouse produced similar symptoms, which were milder than those caused by other known cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs). the whitefly vector, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), transmitted the putative virus to 27.7% (n = 18) of target plants. total dna extracted from diseased leaves did not yield diagnostic pcr-bands using virus-specific prim ... | 2004 | 15375675 |