| stem and root nodulation in aeschynomene spp. | nodulation ability of 15 rhizobium strains isolated from root and stem nodules of tropical aeschynomene species was studied on 20 different aeschynomene species and four other legumes-arachis hypogaea, stylosanthes guianensis, macroptilium atropurpureum, and sesbania rostrata. the results of this investigation showed that aeschynomene species could be divided into three groups according to the cross-inoculation group concept. | 1985 | 16346895 |
| glycosylation of the cationic peanut peroxidase gene expressed in transgenic tobacco. | the major cationic peanut (arachis hypogaea) peroxidase, secreted into the extracellular space, is a glycoprotein with three n-linked glycans (polysaccharides) which are connected to the peptide backbone at asn-60, asn-144 and asn-185. in this report, a c-terminal histidine-tagged cationic peanut peroxidase gene was expressed in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). tissue of the transgenic tobacco was cultured in suspension culture and the his-tagged peroxidase was purified in large quantitie ... | 2000 | 10908805 |
| fermentation of aqueous plant seed extracts by lactic acid bacteria. | the effects of lactic acid bacterial fermentation on chemical and physical changes in aqueous extracts of cowpea (vigna unguiculata), peanut (arachis hypogea), soybean (glycine max), and sorghum (sorghum vulgare) were studied. the bacteria investigated were lactobacillus helveticus, l. delbrueckii, l. casei, l. bulgaricus, l. acidophilus, and streptococcus thermophilus. organisms were inoculated individually into all of the seed extracts; l. bulgaricus and s. thermophilus were also evaluated tog ... | 1986 | 16347053 |
| reaction of various lectins to mucin derived from the different layers of rat gastric mucosa: comparison of enzyme-linked lectin binding assay with lectin histochemistry. | the purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the histochemical staining reactivities of lectins in rat stomach actually represent the gastric mucins, and to estimate the utility of the lectins for mucin histochemistry. in this paper, the lectin histochemistry was compared with an enzyme-linked lectin binding assay (ella) of the mucins derived from distinct regions and layers of the sprague-dawley rat stomach and it was examined to determine the definite binding and problematic binding of th ... | 2000 | 11041246 |
| segmental expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes sst(1) and sst(2) in tubules and glomeruli of human kidney. | somatostatin is known to modulate mesangial and tubular cell function and growth, but the somatostatin receptor (sst) subtypes responsible for these effects have not been defined. there are at least five different sst receptor subtypes (sst(1)-sst(5)). we used rt-pcr to demonstrate that normal human kidney consistently expresses mrna for sst(1) and sst(2) (9 of 9 donors). some donors expressed sst(4) or sst(5) mrna, but none expressed sst(3) mrna. expression of sst(1) and sst(2) was further asse ... | 2001 | 11181407 |
| integration and expression of bluetongue vp2 gene in somatic embryos of peanut through particle bombardment method. | after pre-culture and treatment of osmosis, zygotic embryos of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) were transformed via particle bombardment with a plasmid containing a bluetongue vp2 gene (btvp2) comprising neutralizing epitopes. selection for kanamycin resistant calluses and somatic embryos was initiated at 12th day post-bombardment on medium containing 25 mg/l kanamycin. under continuous selection, 12.38% kanamycin resistant plantlets were regenerated from bombarded somatic embryos. the presence and ... | 2006 | 16513222 |
| evidence for the adhesive function of the exopolysaccharide of hyphomonas strain mhs-3 in its attachment to surfaces. | hyphomonas strain mhs-3 (mhs-3) is a marine procaryote with a biphasic life cycle and which has prosthecate stages that adhere to submerged substrata. we found that adherent forms produced an exopolysaccharide (eps) capsule that bound glycine max lectin, arachis hypogaea lectin, and bauhinia purpurea lectin (bpa), each having affinity for n-acetyl-d-galactosamine. it also bound the dye calcofluor. bpa and calcofluor were tested for the ability to hinder mhs-3 adhesion to glass surfaces; they red ... | 1995 | 16535028 |
| the hydrophobic character of peanut (arachis hypogaea) isoagglutinins. | peanut seed lectin (pna) is widely used to identify tumor-specific antigens on the eukaryotic cell surface. in this work pna was purified by affinity chromatography, using a column containing glutaraldehyde-treated human erythrocytes, whereas pna isoforms were purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using phenyl-sepharose. the affinity-purified pna and its isoforms consist of four equal subunits of 24.5 kda each, all of which agglutinated human sialidase-treated erythrocytes equally w ... | 2000 | 11312799 |
| biosynthesis of plant-specific stilbene polyketides in metabolically engineered escherichia coli. | phenylpropanoids are the precursors to a range of important plant metabolites such as the cell wall constituent lignin and the secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid/stilbene class of compounds. the latter class of plant natural products has been shown to function in a wide range of biological activities. during the last few years an increasing number of health benefits have been associated with these compounds. in particular, they demonstrate potent antioxidant activity and the abilit ... | 2006 | 16551366 |
| h-deficient bombay and para-bombay red blood cells are most strongly agglutinated by the galactophilic lectins of aplysia and pseudomonas aeruginosa that detect i and p1 antigens. | the galactophilic lectins aplysia gonad lectin (agl) and pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin (pa-il), which detect human i and p1 rbc antigens, were examined for hemagglutination of h+ (group o and b) and h-deficient (bombay and para-bombay phenotype) rbcs. the results were compared with those obtained using two other galactophilic lectins, maclura pomifera lectin (mpl) and arachis hypogaea (peanut) agglutinin (pna), which share t-antigen affinity, and two fucose-binding h-specific lectins, ulex europ ... | 2006 | 16563047 |
| potential for plant growth promotion in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) cv. alr-2 by co-inoculation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and rhizobium. | the use of rhizobium inoculant for groundnut is a common practice in india. also, co-inoculation of rhizobium with other plant growth-promoting bacteria received considerable attention in legume growth promotion. hence, in the present study we investigated effects of co-inoculating the sulfur (s)-oxidizing bacterial strains with rhizobium, a strain that had no s-oxidizing potential in groundnut. chemolithotrophic s-oxidizing bacterial isolates from different sources by enrichment isolation techn ... | 2007 | 16574388 |
| the effects of the site-directed removal of n-glycosylation from cationic peanut peroxidase on its function. | peanut peroxidase has been diffracted. the location of its heme and calcium moieties have been shown and their role demonstrated. however, the structure and role of its glycans is only now being elucidated. the role of three n-linked complex glycans on cationic peroxidase (cprx) of peanut (arachis hypogaea l cv. valencia), as expressed by prxpnc1 in transgenic tobacco, was analyzed by site-directed replacement of each of the three glycosylation sites, n-60, n-144, and n-185 with q, individually. ... | 2001 | 11360996 |
| isolation and characterization of nodulation genes from bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) strain irc 78. | an 11.76-kilobase-pair (kb) segment of dna from bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) strain irc 78 that hybridizes to nodulation genes of rhizobium meliloti strain 41 was isolated. hybridization of the 11.76-kb dna fragment to dna from other bradyrhizobium species revealed a high degree of sequence conservation in this region. transfer of the 11.76-kb segment to nodulation-defective (nod(-)) mutants of r. meliloti restored their ability to induce nodules on medicago sativa (alfalfa). mutants of strain irc ... | 1985 | 16593624 |
| patient-tailored cloning of allergens by phage display: peanut (arachis hypogaea) profilin, a food allergen derived from a rare mrna. | a peanut cdna phage surface display library was constructed and screened for the presence of ige-binding proteins. we used a serum from a peanut-sensitized individual with a low specific ige level to peanut extract and suffering from mild symptoms after peanut ingestion. a total of 10(11) cdna clones were screened by affinity selection towards serum ige immobilized to solid-phase supports. after five rounds of selective enrichment, sequence determination of 25 inserts derived from different clon ... | 2001 | 11419720 |
| oil quality and sugar content of peanuts (arachis hypogaea) grown in argentina: their relationship with climatic variables and seed yield. | the ratio of oleic to linoleic acids (o/l) and the tocopherol content are important features in determining peanut (arachis hypogaea) seed shelf life. soluble carbohydrates are known to be important precursors in roasted peanut flavor. the chemical qualities of argentine grain are different from those of other countries, but no previous studies that associate grain quality and environmental parameters have been performed. relationships were determined between o/l, tocopherol and sugar contents, ... | 2003 | 14518960 |
| total bacterial and fungal population after chlorpyrifos and quinalphos treatments in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) soil. | short-term inhibitory effect on the total bacterial population was observed after chlorpyrifos and quinalphos applications in the groundnut fields, which recovered within 60 days after seed treatment and by 45 days of soil treatment. the fungal population was significantly enhanced after chlorpyrifos treatment whereas quinalphos inhibited the fungal population during the initial days of treatment but no effect was observed after 60 days of treatment. the residues of chlorpyrifos and quinalphos i ... | 2004 | 14761692 |
| leptomonas wallacei shows distinct morphology and surface carbohydrates composition along the intestinal tract of its host oncopeltus fasciatus (hemiptera: lygaeidae) and in axenic culture. | leptomonas wallacei is a monoxenic trypanosomatid that colonizes the digestive tract of the phytophagous hemipteran oncopeltus fasciatus. this infection was specific and took place exclusively in midgut intestinal ventricles v3 and v4, and in the hindgut. abundances of parasites in the hindgut were 54% less than those in the hindgut. parasites in the hindgut were more slender and had a longer flagellum than those from the hindgut, which were rounded, with a shorter flagellum. moreover, hindgut f ... | 2003 | 14974433 |
| role of sucrose-phosphate synthase in partitioning of carbon in leaves. | variations in leaf starch accumulation were observed among four species (wheat [triticum aestivum l.], soybean [glycine max l. merr.], tobacco [nicotiana tabacum l.], and red beet [beta vulgaris l.]), nine peanut (arachis hypogea l.) cultivars, and two specific peanut genotypes grown under different nutritional regimes. among the genotypes tested, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase was correlated negatively with leaf sucrose content in seven of the nine peanut cultivars as well as the tw ... | 1983 | 16662913 |
| sperm binding to oviductal epithelial cells in the rat: role of sialic acid residues on the epithelial surface and sialic acid-binding sites on the sperm surface. | the aim of this study was to assess the participation of carbohydrate residues in the adhesion of spermatozoa to the oviductal epithelium in the rat. we first examined, by lectin labeling, the distribution of glycoconjugates in rat oviducts obtained under various hormonal environments. several classes of glycoconjugates were abundant in the epithelium, and the expression of some of these molecules varied differentially in ampulla and isthmus, along the estrous cycle and with estradiol and proges ... | 2004 | 15201197 |
| a new form of polyagglutination related to cad. | four phenotypes of cad (cad 1-4) have been characterized by a continuum of polyagglutinability and reactivity with lectins, with the strongest cad+ red blood cells (rbcs) being polyagglutinable because of the presence of anti-cad (anti-sda) in most normal sera. over a period of 7 years, a french male blood donor's rbcs demonstrated polyagglutinability with 50 percent to 70 percent of normal adult sera. the reactivity was characteristic of anti-sda (refractile agglutination at 4 degrees c, 20 deg ... | 1996 | 15387744 |
| [synthesis and degradation of the peanut storage proteins during seed development and germination]. | three polypeptides, 41 kd and 38.5 kd subunits of arachin and 60.5 kd subunit of conarachin in peanut (arachis hypogaea l. shanyou 523) seeds were purified by gel filtration and sds-page. polyclonal antibodies against these subunits were raised in mice. western blot showed that the subunits appeared in axes and cotyledons at the tissue differentiation stage. the 60.5 kd subunit was firstly synthesized and accumulated in considerable quantity in axes and cotyledons, and then the 41 kd and 38.5 kd ... | 2004 | 15583418 |
| high-throughput virus-induced gene-silencing approach to assess the functional relevance of a moisture stress-induced cdna homologous to lea4. | the abiotic stress-responsive cdna database and their expression profiles suggest that stress genes are many and diverse. however, characterization and validation of their functional significance has been a constraint to assessing their role in imparting tolerance. virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is a potential option for assessing the functional significance of stress genes. here the effectiveness of vigs to silence the expression of an aba-responsive lea4 (late embryogenic abundant) gene i ... | 2006 | 16798849 |
| cytosolic triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway in oilseeds. molecular cloning and expression of peanut cytosolic diacylglycerol acyltransferase. | triacylglycerols (tags) are the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells. tag biosynthetic activity was identified in the cytosolic fraction of developing peanut (arachis hypogaea) cotyledons. this activity was naf insensitive and acyl-coenzyme a (coa) dependent. acyl-coa:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (dgat) catalyzes the final step in tag biosynthesis that acylates diacylglycerol to tag. soluble dgat was identified from immature peanuts and purified by conventional column chr ... | 2006 | 16798944 |
| genetic transformation of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) using cotyledonary node as explant and a promoterless gus::nptii fusion gene based vector. | we have generated putative promoter tagged transgenic lines in arachis hypogaea cv jl-24 using cotyledonary node (cn) as an explant and a promoterless gus::nptii bifunctional fusion gene mediated by agrobacterium transformation. ms medium fortified with 6-benzylaminopurine (bap) at 4mg/l in combination with 0.1 mg/l alpha -napthaleneacetic acid (naa) was the most effective out of the various bap and naa combinations tested in multiple shoot bud formation. parameters enhancing genetic transformat ... | 2006 | 16809856 |
| analysis of the composition of an immunoglobulin e reactive high molecular weight protein complex of peanut extract containing ara h 1 and ara h 3/4. | peanuts (arachis hypogaea) contain some of the most potent food allergens. in recent years an increasing prevalence of peanut allergies both in children and adults has been observed in the usa and in europe. in vitro identification and characterization of allergens including those from peanut have been frequently performed by western blotting. however this method may alter the immunoglobulin e (ige) antibody reactivity since the proteins are denatured by detergent treatment and/or reduction of d ... | 2005 | 15714473 |
| a pathogenesis related protein, ahpr10 from peanut: an insight of its mode of antifungal activity. | a pathogenesis related protein (ahpr10) is identified from a clone of 6-day old arachis hypogaea l. (peanut) cdna library. the clone expressed as a approximately 20 kda protein in e. coli. nucleotide sequence derived amino acid sequence of the coding region shows its homology with pr10 proteins having betv1 domain and p loop motif. recombinant ahpr10 has ribonuclease activity, and antifungal activity against the peanut pathogens fusarium oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani. mutant protein ahpr10-k5 ... | 2006 | 16832688 |
| siderophore cross-utilization amongst rhizospheric bacteria and the role of their differential affinities for fe3+ on growth stimulation under iron-limited conditions. | the majority of bacteria isolated from rhizospheres of arachis hypogea (groundnut) and vigna radiata (mung bean) predominantly produced catechol-type siderophores except for a few fluorescent pseudomonads that produced hydroxamates in addition to catecholates. the rhizospheric isolates differed in their ability to cross-utilize siderophores produced by other rhizospheric isolates (heterologous); some were highly proficient at utilizing heterologous siderophores, while others were poor cross-util ... | 2006 | 16845564 |
| plant growth-promoting methylobacterium induces defense responses in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) compared with rot pathogens. | this study, framed in two different phases, studied the plant-growth promotion and the induction of systemic resistance in groundnut by methylobacterium. seed imbibition with methylobacterium sp. increased germination by 19.5% compared with controls. combined inoculation of methylobacterium sp. with rhizobium sp. also significantly increased plant growth, nodulation, and yield attributes in groundnut compared with individual inoculation of rhizobium sp. methylobacterium sp. challenge-inoculated ... | 2006 | 16941245 |
| screening of a peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) cdna library to isolate a bowman-birk trypsin inhibitor clone. | peanut crop losses due to insect and pest infestation cost peanut farmers nearly 20% of their annual yields. the conventional use of chemicals to combat this problem is costly and toxic to humans and livestock and leads to the development of resistance by target insects. transgenic plants expressing a trypsin inhibitor gene in tobacco and cowpea have proven to be efficient for resistance against insects. therefore, a transgenic peanut overexpressing a trypsin inhibitor gene could be an alternati ... | 2005 | 15769131 |
| enzymatic hydrolysis of luminal coronary glycosidic structures uncovers their role in sensing coronary flow. | endothelial luminal glycocalyx (elg) is a multifunctional complex structure made off of a diversity of glycosilated proteins, and glycosaminoglycans (gag). coronary elg may participate as a sensor of coronary flow (cf) to induce inotropic and dromotropic effects. in isolated perfused guinea pig heart we tested the role of glycosidic groups of glycans bound to proteins and gag of the elg on cf-induced inotropic and dromotropic effects. to study the role of saccharide related groups of certain gly ... | 2005 | 15769604 |
| accelerated soil dissipation of tebuconazole following multiple applications to peanut. | repeated application may increase rates of pesticide dissipation in soil and reduce persistence. the potential for this to occur was investigated for the fungicide, tebuconazole (alpha-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol), when used for peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) production. soil samples were collected from peanut plots after each of four tebuconazole applications at 2-wk intervals. soil moisture was adjusted to field capacity as necessary and sample ... | 2005 | 15942039 |
| sialidase expression in activated human t lymphocytes influences production of ifn-gamma. | sialidases influence cellular activity by removing terminal sialic acid from glycoproteins and glycolipids. four genetically distinct sialidases (neu1-4) have been identified in mammalian cells. in this study, we demonstrate that only lysosomal neu1 and plasma membrane-associated neu3 are detected in freshly isolated and activated human t lymphocytes. activation of lymphocytes by exposure to anti-cd3 and anti-cd28 igg resulted in a ninefold increase in neu1-specific activity after growth of cell ... | 2007 | 17028199 |
| detection and quantification of capsular exopolysaccharides from streptococcus thermophilus using lectin probes. | the aim of this work was to use fluorescently labeled lectins to develop a convenient and reliable method to determine the relative abundance of capsular polysaccharides (cps) at the surface of streptococcus thermophilus mr-1c cells. fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peanut agglutinin isolated from arachis hypogaea was found to interact specifically with the cps of strep. thermophilus mr-1c. this labeled lectin was then used as an effective probe to detect and quantify cps. a fluorescence-based ... | 2006 | 17033001 |
| storage protein profiles in spanish and runner market type peanuts and potential markers. | proteomic analysis has proven to be the most powerful method for describing plant species and lines, and for identification of proteins in complex mixtures. the strength of this method resides in high resolving power of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de), coupled with highly sensitive mass spectrometry (ms), and sequence homology search. by using this method, we might find polymorphic markers to differentiate peanut subspecies. | 2006 | 17038167 |
| arabinogalactan protein from arachis hypogaea: role as carrier in drug-formulations. | arabinogalactan protein (agp) a highly water-soluble glyco-conjugate from groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) seedling was isolated and purified by precipitation with beta-glucosyl yariv reagent. quantification of agp was done by gel diffusion assay. purified agp was conjugated to amphotericin-b (amb) by schiff base reaction at ph 11.0, with aim to prepare a water-injectable lesser toxic agp-amb conjugate without affecting amb antifungal potential. the agp-amb conjugate antifungal activity was assay ... | 2007 | 17084048 |
| glutamate is involved in acid stress response in bradyrhizobium sp. semia 6144 (arachis hypogaea l.) microsymbiont. | in the present study, the effect of acid stress on ammonium assimilation in bradyrhizobium sp. semia 6144 (arachis hypogaea l.) microsymbiont was analyzed. the bacterial growth rate was decreased by 50%, and a significant increase in intracellular glutamate concentration was detected when the strain grew at acid ph (5.5). assays of the enzymes involved in glutamate synthesis showed increased activities of glutamine synthetase (gs) and glutamate synthase (nadph-gogat) under acid stress condition. ... | 2006 | 17091217 |
| rhizonin, the first mycotoxin isolated from the zygomycota, is not a fungal metabolite but is produced by bacterial endosymbionts. | rhizonin is a hepatotoxic cyclopeptide isolated from cultures of a fungal rhizopus microsporus strain that grew on moldy ground nuts in mozambique. reinvestigation of this fungal strain by a series of experiments unequivocally revealed that this "first mycotoxin from lower fungi" is actually not produced by the fungus. pcr experiments and phylogenetic studies based on 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that the fungus is associated with bacteria belonging to the genus burkholderia. by transmission ... | 2007 | 17122400 |
| mutational analysis of stress-responsive peanut dual specificity protein kinase. identification of tyrosine residues involved in regulation of protein kinase activity. | we recently reported that arachis hypogaea serine/threonine/tyrosine (sty) protein kinase is developmentally regulated and is induced by abiotic stresses (rudrabhatla, p., and rajasekharan, r. (2002) plant physiol. 130, 380-390). other than mapks, the site of tyrosine phosphorylation has not been documented for any plant kinases. to study the role of tyrosines in the phosphorylation of sty protein kinase, four conserved tyrosine residues were sequentially substituted with phenylalanine and expre ... | 2003 | 12624102 |
| [potential allelopathic effects of piper nigrum, mangifera indica and clausena lansium]. | with piper nigrum, mangifera indica and clausena lansium as the donators, this paper studied their potential allelopathic effects on the germination and growth of zea mays, glycine max, cucurbita moschata, arachis hypogaea, raphanus sativus, echinochloa crusgalli, digitaria sanguinalis and stylosanthes guianensis. the results showed that the aqueous extracts of these donators could inhibit the germination and growth of z. mays, g. max, c. moschata, e. crus-galli and d. sanguinalis at high concen ... | 2006 | 17147171 |
| biosynthesis enhancement and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) arachidin-1, arachidin-3, and isopentadienylresveratrol. | peanut is a potent plant to be induced to synthesize bioactive stilbenoids. bioactivities of those stilbenoids except resveratrol have been meagerly investigated. when peanut kernels (tainan 14, a spanish cultivar) were imbibed, incubated 3 days for germination, sliced, incubated with artificial aeration, periodically sampled, lyophilized, extracted with methanol, and subjected to reverse-phase hplc analysis, four major fractionations were detected and identified as trans-resveratrol (res), tran ... | 2006 | 17177571 |
| lectin-mediated cytotoxicity and specificity of 5-fluorouracil conjugated with peanut agglutinin (5-fu-pna) in vitro. | in order to take advantage of the biorecognition between lectin and carbohydrate for targeted drug delivery, the lectin of peanut (arachis hypogaea) agglutinin (pna) was coupled by fixing its amino groups to the carbodiimide-activated carboxylic groups of 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) derivative (n1-substituted 5-fu acetate) to form 5-fu-pna conjugate. when the coupling reaction was carried out in the presence of d-galactose (d-gal, specific sugar for pna), the affinity of pna was maintained after its c ... | 2005 | 16051537 |
| straightforward protein immobilization on sylgard 184 pdms microarray surface. | in this work, a straightforward technique for protein immobilization on sylgard 184 is described. the method consists of a direct transfer of dried protein/salt solutions to the pdms interface during the polymer curing. such non-conventional treatment of proteins was found to have no major negative consequence on their integrity. the mechanisms of this direct immobilization were investigated using a lysine modified dextran molecule as a model. clear experimental results suggested that both chemi ... | 2007 | 17355160 |
| [activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases (intracellular and extracellular) in rhyzosphere fungi from arachis hypogaea (papiloneaceae)]. | the potential role of the fungi, isolated from the peanut rhizosphere, in the production of extracellular and intracellular acid and alkaline phosphatase, was evaluated in vitro. acid and alkaline extracellular phosphatases showed the highest activities, and the penicillium species were the most efficient in their production. the correlation analysis showed that extracellular acid and intracellular acid phosphatase produced by aspergillus niger a. terreus, penicillium sp. y p. brevicompactum wer ... | 2004 | 17357426 |
| nucleotide sequence of the s and m rna segments of a groundnut bud necrosis virus isolate from vigna radiata in india. | nucleotide sequence of the s and m rna segments of a groundnut bud necrosis virus isolate from vigna radiata (mungbean isolate, gbnv-mb) was determined and compared with another isolate from arachis hypogaea (groundnut isolate, gbnv-type). comparative sequence analysis revealed that the genome organization of the s and m rna segments of both gbnv-mb and gbnv-type isolates was similar. however, considerable differences were observed in their intergenic regions (igrs) and the glycoprotein precurso ... | 2007 | 17385071 |
| lectin binding profile of the small intestine of five-week-old pigs in response to the use of chlortetracycline as a growth promotant and under gnotobiotic conditions. | antibiotics have traditionally been used for growth promotion in the pork industry; however, their use in animal feed has recently been limited because of human health concerns. the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in mediating many physiological functions such as digestion and animal growth. it was hypothesized that use of antibiotics as growth promotants and subsequent variations in intestinal microbiota induce significant changes in the intestinal glycoconjugate composition, whic ... | 2007 | 17400973 |
| acc deaminase from pseudomonas fluorescens mediated saline resistance in groundnut (arachis hypogea) plants. | to study the effect of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase from pseudomonas fluorescens against saline stress under in vitro and field conditions in groundnut (arachis hypogea) plants. | 2007 | 17448163 |
| construction of a high-efficient expression vector of delta12 fatty acid desaturase in peanut and its prokaryotical expression. | a full-length sequence coding for delta(12) fatty acid desaturase gene from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) was cloned into the expression vector, prsetb, to generate recombinant plasmid prset/ho-a, which was subsequently transformed into expression escherichia coli bl21(de3)plyss. the delta(12) fatty acid desaturase was highly expressed in e. coli bl21(de3)plyss in the presence of isopropyl-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg). the fusion protein was purified and used to form a reaction system in vitro ... | 2007 | 17469780 |
| aqueous extract of peanut skin and its main constituent procyanidin a1 suppress serum ige and igg1 levels in mice-immunized with ovalbumin. | in this study, we investigated the effects of an aqueous extract of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) seed skin (pse) and its main constituent procyanidin a1 (pa) on the allergic response to allergen ovalbumin (ova) in a mouse model. mice immunized interaperitoneally with ova dramatically increased anti-ova ige and total igg1 levels in serum compared with non-treated control mice. oral injection of pse at doses ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg/d (for 21 consecutive days) decreased anti-ova ige and igg1 l ... | 2007 | 17473436 |
| production and secretion of resveratrol in hairy root cultures of peanut. | resveratrol and its derivatives are natural stilbenes associated with many health benefits that include those conferred by their antioxidant and anticancer properties. while stilbenes can be recovered as an extract from a selected number of plants, these products are not suitable for many applications in the food/pharmaceutical sectors due to high levels of impurities as well as the overall low concentration of resveratrol and its derivatives in the extract. to deliver a highly defined and enric ... | 2007 | 17574636 |
| comparative assessment of genetic diversity of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) genotypes with various levels of resistance to bacterial wilt through ssr and aflp analyses. | bacterial wilt (bw) caused by ralstonia solanacearum is an important constraint to peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) production in several asian and african countries, and planting bw-resistant cultivars is the most feasible method for controlling the disease. although several bw-resistant peanut germplasm accessions have been identified, the genetic diversity among these has not been properly investigated, which has impeded efficient utilization. in this study, the genetic relationships of 31 peanut ... | 2007 | 17601614 |
| stress-inducible expression of at dreb1a in transgenic peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) increases transpiration efficiency under water-limiting conditions. | water deficit is the major abiotic constraint affecting crop productivity in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). water use efficiency under drought conditions is thought to be one of the most promising traits to improve and stabilize crop yields under intermittent water deficit. a transcription factor dreb1a from arabidopsis thaliana, driven by the stress inducible promoter from the rd29a gene, was introduced in a drought-sensitive peanut cultivar jl 24 through agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene ... | 2007 | 17653723 |
| lectin binding and effects in culture on human cancer and non-cancer cell lines: examination of issues of interest in drug design strategies. | by using a non-cancer and a cancer cell line originally from the same tissue (colon), coupled with testing lectins for cell binding and for their effects on these cell lines in culture, this study describes a simple multi-parameter approach that has revealed some interesting results that could be useful in drug development strategies. two human cell lines, ccl-220/colo320dm (human colon cancer cells, tumorigenic in nude mice) and crl-1459/ccd-18co (non-malignant human colon cells) were tested fo ... | 2007 | 17706752 |
| bacterial, azotobacter, actinomycetes, and fungal population in soil after diazinon, imidacloprid, and lindane treatments in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) fields. | bacterial, azotobacter, actinomycetes, and fungal populations were determined in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) fields between july and november for three consecutive years (1997-1999) after insecticide treatments. diazinon was applied for both seed and soil treatments. however, imidacloprid and lindane were used for seed treatments. an average half-life (t1/2) of diazinon in seed- and soil-treated fields was found to be 29.32 and 34.87 days, respectively. its residues were found for 60 days in ... | 2005 | 16190022 |
| effect of paclobutrazol on water stress amelioration through antioxidants and free radical scavenging enzymes in arachis hypogaea l. | an investigation was carried out to find out the extent of changes occurred in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) cultivars in response to paclobutrazol (pbz) treatment under water deficit stress. two groundnut cultivars namely icg 221 and icg 476 were used for the study. individual treatment with pbz and drought stress showed an increase in ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (sod), ascorbate peroxidase (apx) and catalase (cat) activities. pbz with drought ... | 2007 | 17764913 |
| role of insecticides in reducing thrips injury to plants and incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus in virginia market-type peanut. | tomato spotted wilt virus (family bunyaviridae, genus tospovirus, tswv), transmitted by many thrips species, is a devastating pathogen of peanut, arachis hypogaea l. tswv has become a serious problem in the virginia/carolina peanut-growing region of the united states. during 2002, tswv was present in 47% of the north carolina hectarage and caused a 5% yield reduction in virginia. factors influencing levels of tswv in runner market-type peanut cultivars, which are primarily grown in alabama, flor ... | 2007 | 17849876 |
| identification and characterization of phospholipase d and its association with drought susceptibilities in peanut (arachis hypogaea). | preharvest aflatoxin contamination has been identified by the peanut industry as a serious issue in food safety and human health because of the carcinogenic toxicity. drought stress is the most important environmental factor exacerbating aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination in peanut. the development of drought-tolerant peanut cultivars could reduce aflatoxin contamination and would represent a major advance in the peanut industry. in this study, we identified a novel pld gene in pe ... | 2006 | 16200410 |
| aflatoxin production in six peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) genotypes infected with aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus, isolated from peanut production areas of cordoba, argentina. | aflatoxin contamination is one of the main factors affecting peanut seed quality. one of the strategies to decrease the risk of peanut aflatoxin contamination is the use of genotypes with resistance to aspergillus infection. this laboratory study reports the resistance to aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination of six peanut genotypes inoculated with 21 aspergillus isolates obtained from the peanut production region of cordoba, argentina. the resistance was investigated in the seed coa ... | 2005 | 16277433 |
| persistence of napropamide in/on tea under north-east indian climatic condition. | napropamide is an amide group of herbicide, used as pre-emergence herbicide controlling in broad leaved weeds of tea, ground nut, citrus, etc. napropamide 45 sc (devrinol) was applied on tea bushes twice @ 1.125 and 2.250 g a.i./ha along with untreated control. after following the standard extraction process, the residue of napropamide in made tea and soil cropped with tea was analyzed by hplc. napropamide was rapidly dissipated in soil following the first-order kinetics with half-lives in the r ... | 2007 | 17924045 |
| characterization of glycans in the developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis (myxozoa), the causative agent of whirling disease. | glycans and sugar-binding molecules (lectins) form an interactive recognition system, which may enable parasitic organisms to adhere to host cells and migrate into target tissues. the aim of the present study was to analyse surface-associated glycans in the developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis (hofer), the causative agent of whirling disease. a panel of biotin-labelled plant lectins was used to detect a broad spectrum of glycan motifs with high specificity. binding sites were detected hi ... | 2007 | 17958607 |
| hypotin, a novel antipathogenic and antiproliferative protein from peanuts with a sequence similar to those of chitinase precursors. | a protein designated hypotin, with both antifungal and antibacterial activity, was isolated from peanut (arachis hypogaea) seeds. the isolation procedure included extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion chromatography, and gel filtration. the protein exhibited a molecular mass of 30.4 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, indicating that it is a monomeric protein. its n-terminal sequence ... | 2007 | 17979231 |
| signal molecules in the peanut-bradyrhizobia interaction. | main nodulation signal molecules in the peanut-bradyrhizobia interaction were examined. flavonoids exuded by arachis hypogaea l. cultivar tegua were genistein, daidzein and chrysin, the latest being released in lower quantities. thin layer chromatography analysis from genistein-induced bacterial cultures of three peanut bradyrhizobia resulted in an identical nod factor pattern, suggesting low variability in genes involved in the synthesis of these molecules. structural study of nod factor by mas ... | 2008 | 18030448 |
| genetic variability of brazilian indian landraces of arachis hypogaea l. | the kayabi indians who inhabit the xingu indigenous park, located in west central brazil, have grown and managed peanuts for a long time. a great number of landraces are being maintained by these tribes and some of this germplasm has morphological traits that exceed the variation described in the taxonomic literature. here, we analyzed the genetic variability of these landraces using a set of microsatellite markers. the analysis showed that, in general, the indigenous samples grouped according t ... | 2007 | 18050088 |
| effects of treated sewage sludge levels on temporal variations of some soil properties of a typic xerofluvent soil in menemen plain, western anatolia, turkey. | the aim of this study is to determine effects of treated sewage sludge (tss) levels as an organic matter (om) resource on temporal variations of some soil properties of a typic xerofluvent soil. the experiment was conducted in menemen plain, in the western anatolia region of turkey (latitudes 38 degrees 34'48.22''-38 degrees 34'49.24'' n; longitudes 27 degrees 1'23.05-27 degrees 1'24.14'' e) in the years of 2003 and 2004. moist tss was added to the soil at the rates of 0, 30, 60 and 90 t ha(-1) ... | 2009 | 18202900 |
| diet selection in immunologically manipulated mice. | diet selection is a complex problem that animals in wildlife have to deal with daily. in their natural environment, these animals meet a great variety of foods some of which they are able and prepared to eat, yet, not all of it is eaten. in addition to the biological factors, some of which we shall discuss deeper in this paper, an important factor in food preference is social contact. alterations in the physiology of mammals can have profound effects on the choice or preference for certain foods ... | 2008 | 18207023 |
| detection of carbohydrate-binding proteins by oligosaccharide-modified polypyrrole interfaces using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance. | this paper reports on the use of electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (e-spr) for the detection of carbohydrate-binding proteins. the generation of an spr sensor specific to lectins arachis hypogaea (pna) and maackia amurensis (maa) is based on the electrochemical polymerization of oligosaccharide derivatives functionalized by pyrrole groups. the resulting thin conducting polymer films were characterized using e-spr and atomic force microscopy (afm). the specific binding of pna to polypyrro ... | 2008 | 18227943 |
| peanut gene expression profiling in developing seeds at different reproduction stages during aspergillus parasiticus infection. | peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is an important crop economically and nutritionally, and is one of the most susceptible host crops to colonization of aspergillus parasiticus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. knowledge from molecular genetic studies could help to devise strategies in alleviating this problem; however, few peanut dna sequences are available in the public database. in order to understand the molecular basis of host resistance to aflatoxin contamination, a large-scale project was ... | 2008 | 18248674 |
| management of spotted wilt vectored by frankliniella fusca (thysanoptera: thripidae) in virginia market-type peanut. | field tests were conducted during 2001 and 2002 in northeastern north carolina to evaluate the impact of cultural practices and in-furrow insecticides on the incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus (genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae, tswv), which is transmitted to peanut, arachis hypogaea l., primarily by tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca hinds (thysanoptera: thripidae). treatments included in row plant populations of 7, 13, and 17 plants per meter; the virginia market-type 'nc v-11' and 'p ... | 2005 | 16334308 |
| localized production of phytoalexins by peanut (arachis hypogaea) kernels in response to invasion by aspergillus species. | peanuts respond to fungal infection by synthesizing phytoalexins, most of which are antibiotic stilbenes. the mechanism and dynamics of phytoalexin formation in the peanut have not been studied. one of the most popular peanut cultivars in the southeastern united states, georgia green, was investigated for its ability to produce phytoalexins in response to infection by soil fungal strains. the experimental design allowed for study of phytoalexin production in peanut kernels layer-by-layer. the la ... | 2008 | 18298071 |
| distribution of the alphagal- and the non-alphagal t-antigens in the pig kidney: potential targets for rejection in pig-to-man xenotransplantation. | carbohydrate antigens, present on pig vascular endothelial cells, seem to be the prime agents responsible for graft rejection, and although genetically modified animals that express less amounts of carbohydrate antigen are available, it is still useful to decide the localization of the reactive xenoantigens in organs contemplated for xenotransplantation. here we compare the distribution in pig kidney of antigens important in xenograft destruction, namely the galalpha1-3gal (alphagal) glycans, wi ... | 2008 | 18301385 |
| expression of a synthetic cry1ec gene for resistance against spodoptera litura in transgenic peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). | the tobacco cutworm (spodoptera litura) is a polyphagous foliage insect and a major pest on peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). s. litura is susceptible to the chimeric delta-endotoxin cry1ec reported earlier. de-embryonated cotyledon explants of peanut were transformed using agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 harboring a synthetic cry1ec gene driven by the camv 35s promoter. transgenic plants of peanut with a single copy insertion of cry1ec were selected in the t(0) generation by southern blot h ... | 2008 | 18320194 |
| a novel technology to improve drinking water quality using natural treatment methods in rural tanzania. | it is estimated that one billion people worldwide do not have access to treated drinking water. this paper reports on an investigation into the potential of indigenous or natural water treatment methods as alternatives to conventional chemical water treatment methods. the seeds of five natural plant species--vigna unguiculata, phaseolus mungo, glycine max, pisum sativam, and arachis hypogea--were evaluated for the removal of turbidity, and their efficiency was compared with that of alum. the use ... | 2008 | 18348392 |
| characterizing the glycocalyx of poultry spermatozoa: ii. in vitro storage of turkey semen and mobility phenotype affects the carbohydrate component of sperm membrane glycoconjugates. | the turkey sperm glycocalyx is known to contain residues of sialic acid, alpha-mannose/alpha-glucose, alpha- and beta-galactose, alpha-fucose, alpha- and beta-n-acetyl-galactosamine, monomers and dimers of n-acetyl-glucosamine, and n-acetyl-lactosamine. potential changes in these carbohydrates during in vitro semen storage at 4 degrees c were evaluated using males of both high- and low-sperm-mobility phenotypes. changes in carbohydrate residues were quantified by flow cytometry analysis using a ... | 2008 | 18359756 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in sub-saharan savannas of benin, west africa, as affected by agricultural land use intensity and ecological zone. | the rapid decline of soil fertility of cultivated lands in the sub-saharan savannas of west africa is considered to be the main cause of the increasingly severe constraints of food production. the soils in this tropical area are highly fragile, and crop yields are limited by characteristically low levels of available phosphorus. under such preconditions, the multiple benefits of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis are likely to play a pivotal role for maintaining natural soil fertility by ... | 2008 | 18386078 |
| inoculation response of legumes in relation to the number and effectiveness of indigenous rhizobium populations. | the response of legumes to inoculation with rhizobia can be affected by many factors. little work has been undertaken to examine how indigenous populations or rhizobia affect this response. we conducted a series of inoculation trials in four hawaiian soils with six legume species (glycine max, vigna unguiculata, phaseolus lunatus, leucaena leucocephala, arachis hypogaea, and phaseolus vulgaris) and characterized the native rhizobial populations for each species in terms of the number and effecti ... | 1986 | 16347046 |
| importance of glutathione in the nodulation process of peanut (arachis hypogaea). | gsh appears to be essential for proper development of the root nodules during the symbiotic association of legume-rhizobia in which the entry of rhizobia involves the formation of infection threads. in the particular case of peanut-rhizobia symbiosis, the entry of rhizobia occurs by the mechanism of infection called 'crack entry', i.e. entry at the point of emergence of lateral roots. we have previously shown the role of gsh content of bradyrhizobium sp. semia 6144 during the symbiotic associati ... | 2008 | 18485058 |
| lectin-modified piezoelectric biosensors for bacteria recognition and quantification. | the use of lectins for microorganism biosensors fabrication is proposed. lectins are immobilised onto a gold-plated quartz crystal for direct piezoelectric label-free transduction of the bacteria-lectin binding event using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (eqcm). concanavalin a (con a) and escherichia coli were used for the evaluation of the lectin immobilisation method and the biosensor performance. adsorption on nonpolarised and polarised (-0.200 v) gold-coated quartz crystals an ... | 2008 | 18523759 |
| oral immunization of cattle with hemagglutinin protein of rinderpest virus expressed in transgenic peanut induces specific immune responses. | rinderpest is an acute, highly contagious often fatal disease of large and small ruminants, both domestic and wild. global eradication of rinderpest needs a robust, safe and cost-effective vaccine. the causative agent, rinderpest virus (rpv) is an important member of the genus morbillivirus in the paramyxoviridae family. we have generated transgenic peanut (arachis hypogea l.) plants expressing hemagglutinin protein of rpv and report here, the induction of immune responses in cattle following or ... | 2003 | 12804859 |
| presence of vicia graminea or vicia unijuga lectin-binding (vgu) glycoproteins with and without thomsen-friedenreich (t) antigen in normal human seminal plasma. | vgu glycoprotein (vicia graminea lectin- or vicia unijuga lectin-binding glycoprotein) has been reported as oncofetal antigen, which is found in many kind of tumor tissues, amniotic fluid and fetal membranes. in autoradiography with an 125i-labeled vicia unijuga lectin (vua) probe and an 125i-labeled arachis hypogaea lectin (pna, anti-t lectin) probe, seminal plasma samples of eight healthy men gave 2-7 vgu glycoproteins without t antigen, 1-2 vgu glycoproteins with thomsen-friedenreich antigen ... | 2001 | 12889521 |
| effect of the new pyrazole carboxamide fungicide penthiopyrad on late leaf spot and stem rot of peanut. | management of early leaf spot (cercospora arachidicola hori.), late leaf spot [cercosporidium personatum (berk. & ma curtis) deighton] and stem rot (sclerotium rolfsii sacc.) of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) in the southeastern usa is heavily dependent upon sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (sbi) and quinone outside inhibitor (qoi) fungicides. effective new fungicides with different modes of action could improve overall disease control and extend the utility of the current fungicides. penthiopryad is ... | 2009 | 18785218 |
| differential contributions of recognition factors of two plant lectins -amaranthus caudatus lectin and arachis hypogea agglutinin, reacting with thomsen-friedenreich disaccharide (galbeta1-3galnacalpha1-ser/thr). | previous reports on the carbohydrate specificities of amaranthus caudatus lectin (acl) and peanut agglutinin (pna, arachis hypogea) indicated that they share the same specificity for the thomsen-friedenreich (t(alpha), galbeta1-3galnacalpha1-ser/thr) glycotope, but differ in monosaccharide binding--galnac>>gal (inactive) for acl; gal>>galnac (weak) with respect to pna. however, knowledge of the recognition factors of these lectins was based on studies with a small number monosaccharides and t-re ... | 2008 | 18809460 |
| beneficial effects of fluorescent pseudomonads on seed germination, growth promotion, and suppression of charcoal rot in groundnut (arachis hypogea l.). | rhizobacteria are used as inoculants to enhance crop yield and for biological control of fungal pathogens. fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from the rhizosphere of groundnut showed suppression of the phytopathogen macrophomina phaseolina that causes charcoal rot of groundnut, an economically important agroproduct. two strains of fluorescent pseudomonads, designated as ps1 and ps2, were selected as a result of in vitro antifungal activity. after 5 days of incubation at 28+/-1 degrees , both ps1 ... | 2008 | 18852515 |
| identification of transcripts involved in resistance responses to leaf spot disease caused by cercosporidium personatum in peanut (arachis hypogaea). | abstract late leaf spot disease caused by cercosporidium personatum is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of peanut (arachis hypogaea) worldwide. the objective of this research was to identify resistance genes in response to leaf spot disease using microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). to identify transcripts involved in disease resistance, we studied the gene expression profiles in two peanut genotypes, resistant or susceptible to leaf spot disease, using cdna micro ... | 2005 | 18943040 |
| beta-1,3-glucanase activity in peanut seed (arachis hypogaea) is induced by inoculation with aspergillus flavus and copurifies with a conglutin-like protein. | abstract infection of peanut (arachis hypogaea) seed by aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus is a serious problem that can result in aflatoxin contamination in the seed. breeding resistant cultivars would be an effective approach to reduce aflatoxin accumulation. the objective of this study was to investigate the expression of the pathogenesis-related (pr) protein beta-1,3-glucanase and the isoform patterns in peanut seed inoculated with a. flavus. peanut genotypes gt-yy9 and gt-yy20 (both resi ... | 2005 | 18943315 |
| distribution of lectins in the jumbo virginia and spanish varieties of the peanut, arachis hypogaea l. | peanut lectin was purified from seed meal of the spanish and jumbo virginia varieties of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) by affinity chromatography on lactose coupled to sepharose 4b. polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing resolved the lectin preparation from jumbo virginia seeds into seven isolectins (pi 5.7, 5.9, 6.0, 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, and 6.7). seed meal from the spanish variety contained six isolectins which were indistinguishable from the pi 5.7, 5.9, 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, and 6.7 isolectins from jumbo ... | 1979 | 16661012 |
| biological control of late leaf spot of peanut (arachis hypogaea) with chitinolytic bacteria. | abstract late leaf spot (lls), caused by phaeoisariopsis personata, is a foliar disease of groundnut or peanut (arachis hypogaea) with high economic and global importance. antifungal and chitinolytic bacillus circulans grs 243 and serratia marcescens gps 5, selected among a collection of 393 peanut-associated bacteria, were applied as a prophylactic foliar spray and tested for control of lls. chitin-supplemented application of b. circulans grs 243 and s. marcescens gps 5 resulted in improved bio ... | 2005 | 18943468 |
| characterization of early leaf spot suppression by strip tillage in peanut. | abstract epidemics of early leaf spot of peanut (arachis hypogaea), caused by cercospora arachidicola, are less severe in strip-tilled than conventionally tilled fields. experiments were carried out to characterize the effect of strip tillage on early leaf spot epidemics and identify the primary target of suppression using a comparative epidemiology approach. leaf spot intensity was assessed weekly as percent incidence or with the florida 1-to-10 severity scale in peanut plots that were conventi ... | 2007 | 18944374 |
| inhibition of photosynthesis by ethylene-a stomatal effect. | ethylene at hormonally significant levels inhibited net photosynthesis of the cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) as measured by gas analysis. upon the removal of ethylene, the inhibition was naturally overcome at the concentration-exposure duration combinations tested. increased length of exposure of 1 microliter of ethylene per liter of air up to 6 hours increased the degree of net photosynthesis inhibition (68% reduction after 6-hour exposure). significantly greater inhibition of photosyn ... | 1982 | 16662540 |
| specificity of aspartate aminotransferases from leguminous plants for 4-substituted glutamic acids. | aspartate aminotransferase (glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase) was partially purified from extracts of germinating seeds of peanut (arachis hypogaea), honey locust (gleditsia triacanthos), soybean (glycine max), and sophora japonica. the ability of these enzyme preparations, as well as aspartate aminotransferase purified from pig heart cytosol, to use 4-substituted glutamic acids as amino group donors and their corresponding 2-oxo acids as amino group acceptors in the aminotransferase reaction ... | 1989 | 16666674 |
| 4-methyleneglutamine amidohydrolase from peanut leaves : preparation, catalytic properties, and immunological responses of a highly purified form of the enzyme. | 4-methyleneglutamine amidohydrolase has been extracted and purified over 1000-fold from 14-day-old peanut (arachis hypogaea) leaves by modification of methods described previously. the purified enzyme shows two bands of activity and three to four bands of protein after electrophoresis on nondenaturing gels. each of the active bands is readily eluted from gel slices and migrates to its original position on subsequent electrophoresis. although they are electrophoretically distinct, the two forms o ... | 1991 | 16667952 |
| comparison of the delta(12) fatty acid desaturase gene between high-oleic and normal-oleic peanut genotypes. | delta(12) fatty acid desaturase gene has been targeted as a logical candidate controlling the high oleate trait in peanut seeds. by rt-pcr method, the full-length cdnas of delta(12) fatty acid desaturase gene were isolated from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) genotypes with normal and high ratio of oleic to linoleic acid, which were designated ahfad2b and ahfad2b', respectively. sequence alignment of their coding regions revealed that an extra a was inserted at the position +442 bp of ahfad2b' sequ ... | 2008 | 19022202 |
| the use of lectins to characterize and separate living canine spermatozoa: a preliminary study. | this study was designed as a preliminary attempt to develop a methodology for relating the glucidic structure of the sperm membrane to sperm morphology. differences in plasma membrane glycoconjugates between motile and nonmotile spermatozoa were studied by using 7 lectins. fresh spermatozoa from 3 dogs were analyzed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) labeled lectins. the binding of lectins to the sperm membrane and the capability of the lectins to agglutinate spermatozoa were estimated semi-qu ... | 1994 | 16727393 |
| stress-induced phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and p38, and down-regulation of egfr and erk by the dietary lectin jacalin in two human carcinoma cell lines. | we have examined the a431 (human epidermoid carcinoma) and ht29 (human colorectal carcinoma) cellular responses evoked by lectins of dietary origin, jacalin of artocarpus integrifolia (native jacalin; njacalin), peanut agglutinin (pna) of arachis hypogea, and recombinant single-chain jacalin (rjacalin), which has the same protein backbone but approximately 100-fold less affinity for carbohydrates than njacalin. all three lectins (njacalin, rjacalin, and pna) are cycotoxic inhibitors of prolifera ... | 2006 | 16817319 |
| the major glycoprotein allergen from arachis hypogaea, ara h 1, is a ligand of dendritic cell-specific icam-grabbing nonintegrin and acts as a th2 adjuvant in vitro. | nonmammalian glycan structures from helminths act as th2 adjuvants. some of these structures are also common on plant glycoproteins. we hypothesized that glycan structures present on peanut glycoallergens act as th2 adjuvants. peanut ag (pnag), but not deglycosylated pnag, activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mddcs) as measured by mhc/costimulatory molecule up-regulation, and by their ability to drive t cell proliferation. furthermore, pnag-activated mddcs induced 2- to 3-fold more il-4- ... | 2006 | 16951327 |
| functional characterization of a stilbene synthase gene using a transient expression system in planta. | the expression and functionality of a resveratrol synthase (rs) gene from peanut (arachis hypogaea) was studied using an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression system in nicotiana benthamiana leaves. functional analysis of rs was demonstrated by tracking its expression during 96 h. to measure the transcripts levels of rs transgene, real-time qrt-pcr was used and revealed that the highest level of transcripts was at 48 h post-transfection. western blot analyses showed that rs pro ... | 2009 | 19116720 |
| transformed hairy roots of arachis hypogea: a tool for studying root nodule symbiosis in a non-infection thread legume of the aeschynomeneae tribe. | arachis hypogea is a non-"infection thread" (it) legume where rhizobial entry or dissemination in the nodules never involves it. rhizobia invade through epidermal "cracks" and directly access the cortical cells to develop the characteristic aeschynomenoid nodules. for investigating these nonclassical nodulation features in arachis spp., we developed an efficient procedure for agrobacterium rhizogenes r1000-mediated transformation of this plant. in this study, we optimized the induction of hairy ... | 2009 | 19132866 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of the genus bradyrhizobium. | the use of multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) for the taxonomy of bradyrhizobium was assessed. we compared partial sequences for atpd, reca, gyrb, rpob and dnak for a set of reference strains representing named species and genospecies, and a number of new isolates from lupinus albus, arachis hypogaea and ornithopus compressus from spain. the phylogenies of the individual genes were compared with previous dna-dna hybridization results. high hybridization values were well reflected, but intermedi ... | 2009 | 19201125 |
| relationship between meloidogyne arenaria and aflatoxin contamination in peanut. | damaged and developing kernels of peanut (arachis hypogaea) are susceptible to colonization by fungi in the aspergillus flavus group which, under certain conditions, produces aflatoxins prior to harvest. our objective was to determine whether infection of peanut roots and pods by meloidogyne arenaria increases aflatoxin contamination of the kernels when peanut is subjected to drought stress. the experiment was a completely randomized 2-x-2 factorial with 6 replicates/treatment. the treatment fac ... | 2004 | 19262803 |
| persistence and suppressiveness of pasteuria penetrans to meloidogyne arenaria race. | the long-term persistence and suppressiveness of pasteuria penetrans against meloidogyne arenaria race 1 were investigated in a formerly root-knot nematode suppressive site following 9 years of continuous cultivation of three treatments and 4 years of continuous peanut. the three treatments were two m. arenaria race 1 nonhost crops, bahiagrass (paspalum notatum cv. pensacola var. tifton 9), rhizomal peanut (arachis glabrata cv. florigraze), and weed fallow. two root-knot nematode susceptible wee ... | 2004 | 19262836 |
| host-parasite biology of thripinema fuscum (tylenchida: allantonematidae) and frankliniella fusca (thysanoptera: thripidae). | thripinema fuscum is a natural enemy of frankliniella fusca in peanut. laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the reproductive biology of t. fuscum as affected by gender and stage of development of the host and to determine the effects of parasitism on host longevity, fecundity, and mortality. the adult females of f. fusca were the most readily parasitized (p < 0.001) in the laboratory experiments followed by the second instars, the first instars, and the adult males. one generation ... | 2005 | 19262837 |
| reproduction of belonolaimus longicaudatus, meloidogyne javanica, paratrichodorus minor, and pratylenchus brachyurus on pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum). | pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) has potential as a grain crop for dryland crop production in the southeastern united states. whether or not pearl millet will be compatible in rotation with cotton (gossypium hirsutum), corn (zea mays), and peanut (arachis hypogaea) will depend, in part, on its host status for important plant-parasitic nematodes of these crops. the pearl millet hybrid 'tifgrain 102' is resistant to both meloidogyne incognita race 3 and m. arenaria race 1; however, its host statu ... | 2005 | 19262863 |