| a new form of polyagglutination related to cad. | four phenotypes of cad (cad 1-4) have been characterized by a continuum of polyagglutinability and reactivity with lectins, with the strongest cad+ red blood cells (rbcs) being polyagglutinable because of the presence of anti-cad (anti-sda) in most normal sera. over a period of 7 years, a french male blood donor's rbcs demonstrated polyagglutinability with 50 percent to 70 percent of normal adult sera. the reactivity was characteristic of anti-sda (refractile agglutination at 4 degrees c, 20 deg ... | 1996 | 15387744 |
| fortification of ground-nut milk with calcium and its availability to albino rats. | | 1950 | 15421683 |
| altered glycosylation leads to tr polyagglutination. | polyagglutination refers to red blood cells (rbcs) that are agglutinated by a high proportion of abo-matched adult sera but not by cord sera. polyagglutinable rbcs have been associated with microbial infection, myeloproliferative disorders, and myelodysplasia. lectins aid in the identification of polyagglutination. | 2004 | 15504164 |
| [synthesis and degradation of the peanut storage proteins during seed development and germination]. | three polypeptides, 41 kd and 38.5 kd subunits of arachin and 60.5 kd subunit of conarachin in peanut (arachis hypogaea l. shanyou 523) seeds were purified by gel filtration and sds-page. polyclonal antibodies against these subunits were raised in mice. western blot showed that the subunits appeared in axes and cotyledons at the tissue differentiation stage. the 60.5 kd subunit was firstly synthesized and accumulated in considerable quantity in axes and cotyledons, and then the 41 kd and 38.5 kd ... | 2004 | 15583418 |
| growth promotion and yield enhancement of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) by application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. | although plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) have been reported to influence plant growth, yield and nutrient uptake by an array of mechanisms, the specific traits by which pgpr promote plant growth, yield and nutrient uptake were limited to the expression of one or more of the traits expressed at a given environment of plant-microbe interaction. we selected nine different isolates of pgpr from a pool of 233 rhizobacterial isolates obtained from the peanut rhizosphere on the basis of acc ... | 2004 | 15646384 |
| cyclic related and pathological changes in the lectin-binding sites on the swine oviduct. | this study was carried out to compare the lectin-binding pattern in the normal and pathological oviduct of sows during the ovarian cycle. lectin-binding patterns showed differences between segments, phases of ovarian cycle and presence of morphologic lesions. in the infundibulum, it was observed that the cysts, in the follicular phase, reduced ricinus communis-i (rca-i) and ulex europaeus-i (uea-i) binding. furthermore, in the pathological oviducts of the luteal-phase group, there is a reduction ... | 2005 | 15654999 |
| aflatoxin production in peanut lines selected to represent a range of linoleic acid concentrations. | to determine whether concentrations of linoleate in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) seed oil could be used to predict an ability to support aflatoxin production, seeds of genotypes representing a range of linoleate content were inoculated with aspergillus flavus link ex fries and assayed for aflatoxin content. seeds were blanched and quartered, inoculated with conidia of a. flavus, placed on moistened filter paper in petri dishes, and incubated for 8 days at 28 degrees c. multiple regression analys ... | 2005 | 15690813 |
| analysis of the composition of an immunoglobulin e reactive high molecular weight protein complex of peanut extract containing ara h 1 and ara h 3/4. | peanuts (arachis hypogaea) contain some of the most potent food allergens. in recent years an increasing prevalence of peanut allergies both in children and adults has been observed in the usa and in europe. in vitro identification and characterization of allergens including those from peanut have been frequently performed by western blotting. however this method may alter the immunoglobulin e (ige) antibody reactivity since the proteins are denatured by detergent treatment and/or reduction of d ... | 2005 | 15714473 |
| phylloplane bacteria increase seedling emergence, growth and yield of field-grown groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.). | to isolate and characterize groundnut-associated bacterial isolates for growth promotion of groundnut in field. | 2005 | 15752215 |
| screening of a peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) cdna library to isolate a bowman-birk trypsin inhibitor clone. | peanut crop losses due to insect and pest infestation cost peanut farmers nearly 20% of their annual yields. the conventional use of chemicals to combat this problem is costly and toxic to humans and livestock and leads to the development of resistance by target insects. transgenic plants expressing a trypsin inhibitor gene in tobacco and cowpea have proven to be efficient for resistance against insects. therefore, a transgenic peanut overexpressing a trypsin inhibitor gene could be an alternati ... | 2005 | 15769131 |
| enzymatic hydrolysis of luminal coronary glycosidic structures uncovers their role in sensing coronary flow. | endothelial luminal glycocalyx (elg) is a multifunctional complex structure made off of a diversity of glycosilated proteins, and glycosaminoglycans (gag). coronary elg may participate as a sensor of coronary flow (cf) to induce inotropic and dromotropic effects. in isolated perfused guinea pig heart we tested the role of glycosidic groups of glycans bound to proteins and gag of the elg on cf-induced inotropic and dromotropic effects. to study the role of saccharide related groups of certain gly ... | 2005 | 15769604 |
| mammalian-like nonsialyl complex-type n-glycosylation of equine gonadotropins in mimic insect cells. | recombinant equine luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (elh/cg) was expressed in mimic insect cells, that are commercial stably transformed spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells expressing five mammalian genes encoding glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of complex-type monosialylated n-glycans. we previously showed that it exhibited no in vivo bioactivity although expressing full in vitro bioactivity, and it was suspected that this was because of insufficient sialylation of elh/cg ... | 2005 | 15814822 |
| sandwich immunoassays for the determination of peanut and hazelnut traces in foods. | people suffering from food allergies are dependent on accurate food labeling, as an avoidance diet is the only effective countermeasure. even a small amount of allergenic protein can trigger severe reactions in highly sensitized patients. therefore, sensitive and reliable tests are needed to detect potential cross-contamination. in this paper two fast sandwich immunoassays are described for the determination of peanut (arachis hypogaea) and hazelnut (corylus avellana) traces in complex food matr ... | 2005 | 15853366 |
| dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) field after diazinon, imidacloprid and lindane treatments. | impacts of diazinon, imidacloprid and lindane treatments on dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase enzyme activities were determined in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) field for three consecutive years (1997-1999). diazinon was applied as both seed and soil treatments but imidacloprid and lindane were used for seed treatments only at recommended rates. experiments were conducted at agricultural research station durgapura, jaipur, rajasthan, india. diazinon residues were persist up till 6 ... | 2005 | 15910899 |
| determination of the phytoalexin resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) in peanuts and pistachios by high-performance liquid chromatographic diode array (hplc-dad) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). | the phytoalexin resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) in edible peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) and pistachio (pistacia vera l.) varieties grown in turkey was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic diode array and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection. trans-resveratrol in six peanut varieties, five pistachio varieties, and four market samples ranged between 0.03 and 1.92 microg/g. the cerezlik 5025 peanut (1.92 +/- 0.01 microg/g) and ohadi pistachio genotype (1.67 +/- 0.01 ... | 2005 | 15941348 |
| accelerated soil dissipation of tebuconazole following multiple applications to peanut. | repeated application may increase rates of pesticide dissipation in soil and reduce persistence. the potential for this to occur was investigated for the fungicide, tebuconazole (alpha-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol), when used for peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) production. soil samples were collected from peanut plots after each of four tebuconazole applications at 2-wk intervals. soil moisture was adjusted to field capacity as necessary and sample ... | 2005 | 15942039 |
| biosorption of aqueous chromium(vi) by tamarindus indica seeds. | the effectiveness of low cost agro-based materials namely, tamarindus indica seed (ts), crushed coconut shell (cs), almond shell (as), ground nut shell (gs) and walnut shell (ws) were evaluated for cr(vi) removal. batch test indicated that hexavalent chromium sorption capacity (q(e)) followed the sequence q(e)(ts) > q(e)(ws) > q(e)(as) > q(e)(gs) > q(e)(cs). due to high sorptive capacity, tamarind seed was selected for detailed sorption studies. sorption kinetic data followed first order reversi ... | 2006 | 15964190 |
| lectin-mediated cytotoxicity and specificity of 5-fluorouracil conjugated with peanut agglutinin (5-fu-pna) in vitro. | in order to take advantage of the biorecognition between lectin and carbohydrate for targeted drug delivery, the lectin of peanut (arachis hypogaea) agglutinin (pna) was coupled by fixing its amino groups to the carbodiimide-activated carboxylic groups of 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) derivative (n1-substituted 5-fu acetate) to form 5-fu-pna conjugate. when the coupling reaction was carried out in the presence of d-galactose (d-gal, specific sugar for pna), the affinity of pna was maintained after its c ... | 2005 | 16051537 |
| bacterial, azotobacter, actinomycetes, and fungal population in soil after diazinon, imidacloprid, and lindane treatments in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) fields. | bacterial, azotobacter, actinomycetes, and fungal populations were determined in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) fields between july and november for three consecutive years (1997-1999) after insecticide treatments. diazinon was applied for both seed and soil treatments. however, imidacloprid and lindane were used for seed treatments. an average half-life (t1/2) of diazinon in seed- and soil-treated fields was found to be 29.32 and 34.87 days, respectively. its residues were found for 60 days in ... | 2005 | 16190022 |
| identification and characterization of phospholipase d and its association with drought susceptibilities in peanut (arachis hypogaea). | preharvest aflatoxin contamination has been identified by the peanut industry as a serious issue in food safety and human health because of the carcinogenic toxicity. drought stress is the most important environmental factor exacerbating aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination in peanut. the development of drought-tolerant peanut cultivars could reduce aflatoxin contamination and would represent a major advance in the peanut industry. in this study, we identified a novel pld gene in pe ... | 2006 | 16200410 |
| aflatoxin production in six peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) genotypes infected with aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus, isolated from peanut production areas of cordoba, argentina. | aflatoxin contamination is one of the main factors affecting peanut seed quality. one of the strategies to decrease the risk of peanut aflatoxin contamination is the use of genotypes with resistance to aspergillus infection. this laboratory study reports the resistance to aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination of six peanut genotypes inoculated with 21 aspergillus isolates obtained from the peanut production region of cordoba, argentina. the resistance was investigated in the seed coa ... | 2005 | 16277433 |
| management of spotted wilt vectored by frankliniella fusca (thysanoptera: thripidae) in virginia market-type peanut. | field tests were conducted during 2001 and 2002 in northeastern north carolina to evaluate the impact of cultural practices and in-furrow insecticides on the incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus (genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae, tswv), which is transmitted to peanut, arachis hypogaea l., primarily by tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca hinds (thysanoptera: thripidae). treatments included in row plant populations of 7, 13, and 17 plants per meter; the virginia market-type 'nc v-11' and 'p ... | 2005 | 16334308 |
| effects of arachis hypogaea nutshell extract on lipid metabolic enzymes and obesity parameters. | the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) shell extracts (pse) on lipases and to evaluate its potential development for the treatment of obesity. the peanut shells were extracted in 95% ethanol, and the extracts were screened for inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase (pl) and lipoprotein lipase (lpl) activities as well as on lipolysis of 3t3-l1 adipocytes. we also examined in vivo whether pse could prevent the body weight gain induced by feeding a h ... | 2006 | 16337240 |
| effect of steam sterilization and gamma irradiation of peat on quality of rhizobium inoculants. | data obtained by independent tests on each of 483 batches of rhizobium inoculants for glycine max, medicago sativa, and arachis hypogaea, manufactured commercially in south africa, are reported and discussed. whereas the average cell count per gram per batch was well in excess of 10, inoculants for g. max and m. sativa manufactured with peat treated with gamma irradiation at a dose of 50 kgr contained significantly higher numbers of rhizobium cells than inoculants from peat which received 25 kgr ... | 1981 | 16345788 |
| stem and root nodulation in aeschynomene spp. | nodulation ability of 15 rhizobium strains isolated from root and stem nodules of tropical aeschynomene species was studied on 20 different aeschynomene species and four other legumes-arachis hypogaea, stylosanthes guianensis, macroptilium atropurpureum, and sesbania rostrata. the results of this investigation showed that aeschynomene species could be divided into three groups according to the cross-inoculation group concept. | 1985 | 16346895 |
| inoculation response of legumes in relation to the number and effectiveness of indigenous rhizobium populations. | the response of legumes to inoculation with rhizobia can be affected by many factors. little work has been undertaken to examine how indigenous populations or rhizobia affect this response. we conducted a series of inoculation trials in four hawaiian soils with six legume species (glycine max, vigna unguiculata, phaseolus lunatus, leucaena leucocephala, arachis hypogaea, and phaseolus vulgaris) and characterized the native rhizobial populations for each species in terms of the number and effecti ... | 1986 | 16347046 |
| fermentation of aqueous plant seed extracts by lactic acid bacteria. | the effects of lactic acid bacterial fermentation on chemical and physical changes in aqueous extracts of cowpea (vigna unguiculata), peanut (arachis hypogea), soybean (glycine max), and sorghum (sorghum vulgare) were studied. the bacteria investigated were lactobacillus helveticus, l. delbrueckii, l. casei, l. bulgaricus, l. acidophilus, and streptococcus thermophilus. organisms were inoculated individually into all of the seed extracts; l. bulgaricus and s. thermophilus were also evaluated tog ... | 1986 | 16347053 |
| subgroups of the cowpea miscellany: symbiotic specificity within bradyrhizobium spp. for vigna unguiculata, phaseolus lunatus, arachis hypogaea, and macroptilium atropurpureum. | rhizobia classified as bradyrhizobium spp. comprise a highly heterogeneous group of bacteria that exhibit differential symbiotic characteristics on hosts in the cowpea miscellany cross-inoculation group. to delineate the degree of specificity exhibited by four legumes in the cowpea miscellany, we tested the symbiotic characteristics of indigenous cowpea bradyrhizobia on cowpea (vigna unguiculata), siratro (macroptilium atropurpureum), lima bean (phaseolus lunatus), and peanut (arachis hypogaea). ... | 1991 | 16348492 |
| structure and stability of 2s albumin-type peanut allergens: implications for the severity of peanut allergic reactions. | resistance to proteolytic enzymes and heat is thought to be a prerequisite property of food allergens. allergens from peanut (arachis hypogaea) are the most frequent cause of fatal food allergic reactions. the allergenic 2s albumin ara h 2 and the homologous minor allergen ara h 6 were studied at the molecular level with regard to allergenic potency of native and protease-treated allergen. a high-resolution solution structure of the protease-resistant core of ara h 6 was determined by nmr spectr ... | 2006 | 16372900 |
| integration and expression of bluetongue vp2 gene in somatic embryos of peanut through particle bombardment method. | after pre-culture and treatment of osmosis, zygotic embryos of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) were transformed via particle bombardment with a plasmid containing a bluetongue vp2 gene (btvp2) comprising neutralizing epitopes. selection for kanamycin resistant calluses and somatic embryos was initiated at 12th day post-bombardment on medium containing 25 mg/l kanamycin. under continuous selection, 12.38% kanamycin resistant plantlets were regenerated from bombarded somatic embryos. the presence and ... | 2006 | 16513222 |
| evidence for the adhesive function of the exopolysaccharide of hyphomonas strain mhs-3 in its attachment to surfaces. | hyphomonas strain mhs-3 (mhs-3) is a marine procaryote with a biphasic life cycle and which has prosthecate stages that adhere to submerged substrata. we found that adherent forms produced an exopolysaccharide (eps) capsule that bound glycine max lectin, arachis hypogaea lectin, and bauhinia purpurea lectin (bpa), each having affinity for n-acetyl-d-galactosamine. it also bound the dye calcofluor. bpa and calcofluor were tested for the ability to hinder mhs-3 adhesion to glass surfaces; they red ... | 1995 | 16535028 |
| new peanut (arachis hypogaea) phytoalexin with prenylated benzenoid and but-2-enolide moieties. | a new pigmented, optically active, low molecular weight metabolite has been isolated from peanut (arachis hypogaea) kernels challenged by four species of aspergillus. the structure of the new compound, termed sb-1, was elucidated by analysis of 1h nmr, 13c nmr, and mass spectrometric data. the sb-1 molecule bears prenylated benzenoid and but-2-enolide moieties and represents an unusual class of compounds. the closest known analogue to sb-1 was isolated from heartwood of pericopsis elata. both a. ... | 2006 | 16536583 |
| biosynthesis of plant-specific stilbene polyketides in metabolically engineered escherichia coli. | phenylpropanoids are the precursors to a range of important plant metabolites such as the cell wall constituent lignin and the secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid/stilbene class of compounds. the latter class of plant natural products has been shown to function in a wide range of biological activities. during the last few years an increasing number of health benefits have been associated with these compounds. in particular, they demonstrate potent antioxidant activity and the abilit ... | 2006 | 16551366 |
| h-deficient bombay and para-bombay red blood cells are most strongly agglutinated by the galactophilic lectins of aplysia and pseudomonas aeruginosa that detect i and p1 antigens. | the galactophilic lectins aplysia gonad lectin (agl) and pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin (pa-il), which detect human i and p1 rbc antigens, were examined for hemagglutination of h+ (group o and b) and h-deficient (bombay and para-bombay phenotype) rbcs. the results were compared with those obtained using two other galactophilic lectins, maclura pomifera lectin (mpl) and arachis hypogaea (peanut) agglutinin (pna), which share t-antigen affinity, and two fucose-binding h-specific lectins, ulex europ ... | 2006 | 16563047 |
| potential for plant growth promotion in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) cv. alr-2 by co-inoculation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and rhizobium. | the use of rhizobium inoculant for groundnut is a common practice in india. also, co-inoculation of rhizobium with other plant growth-promoting bacteria received considerable attention in legume growth promotion. hence, in the present study we investigated effects of co-inoculating the sulfur (s)-oxidizing bacterial strains with rhizobium, a strain that had no s-oxidizing potential in groundnut. chemolithotrophic s-oxidizing bacterial isolates from different sources by enrichment isolation techn ... | 2007 | 16574388 |
| characterization of bovine and human group b streptococci isolated in turkey. | in the study, group b streptococci (gbs) isolated from bovines and humans in and around van, eastern turkey, were serotyped, and their haemagglutination and lectin-agglutination properties were also determined. this study is the first epidemiological survey of gbs serotypes performed in turkey. a total of 148 gbs isolates, 76 from bovine milk and 72 from women attending a maternity polyclinic, were examined by co-agglutination, slide haemagglutination and slide lectin-agglutination tests. by the ... | 2006 | 16585637 |
| isolation and characterization of nodulation genes from bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) strain irc 78. | an 11.76-kilobase-pair (kb) segment of dna from bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) strain irc 78 that hybridizes to nodulation genes of rhizobium meliloti strain 41 was isolated. hybridization of the 11.76-kb dna fragment to dna from other bradyrhizobium species revealed a high degree of sequence conservation in this region. transfer of the 11.76-kb segment to nodulation-defective (nod(-)) mutants of r. meliloti restored their ability to induce nodules on medicago sativa (alfalfa). mutants of strain irc ... | 1985 | 16593624 |
| lectin anchored stabilized biodegradable nanoparticles for oral immunization 1. development and in vitro evaluation. | the investigation comprises development of a stable and targeted formulation of hbsag for the oral immunization against hepatitis b. plga nanoparticles bearing hbsag was prepared by double emulsion method. the antigen was protected from organic/aqueous interface by using protein stabilizer, trehalose. the acidic environment generated within plga nanoparticles was neutralized by co-encapsulation of a basic additive, mg(oh)(2) which provides an additional stabilization to the antigen especially ag ... | 2006 | 16621367 |
| growth and yield of groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) as influenced by weed management practices and rhizobium inoculation. | groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) productivity in india is low, because of many problems beset in its cultivation. one of the serious problems are weeds. groundnut yield losses due to weeds have been estimated as high as 24 to 70 percent. this has created a scope for using herbicides in groundnut crop. a field investigation was carried out during kharif (rainy) season of 2001-2002 on a sandy loam soil at college agronomy farm, b.a. college of agriculture, gujarat agricultural university, anand, in ... | 2005 | 16637221 |
| distribution of lectins in the jumbo virginia and spanish varieties of the peanut, arachis hypogaea l. | peanut lectin was purified from seed meal of the spanish and jumbo virginia varieties of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) by affinity chromatography on lactose coupled to sepharose 4b. polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing resolved the lectin preparation from jumbo virginia seeds into seven isolectins (pi 5.7, 5.9, 6.0, 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, and 6.7). seed meal from the spanish variety contained six isolectins which were indistinguishable from the pi 5.7, 5.9, 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, and 6.7 isolectins from jumbo ... | 1979 | 16661012 |
| inhibition of photosynthesis by ethylene-a stomatal effect. | ethylene at hormonally significant levels inhibited net photosynthesis of the cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) as measured by gas analysis. upon the removal of ethylene, the inhibition was naturally overcome at the concentration-exposure duration combinations tested. increased length of exposure of 1 microliter of ethylene per liter of air up to 6 hours increased the degree of net photosynthesis inhibition (68% reduction after 6-hour exposure). significantly greater inhibition of photosyn ... | 1982 | 16662540 |
| role of sucrose-phosphate synthase in partitioning of carbon in leaves. | variations in leaf starch accumulation were observed among four species (wheat [triticum aestivum l.], soybean [glycine max l. merr.], tobacco [nicotiana tabacum l.], and red beet [beta vulgaris l.]), nine peanut (arachis hypogea l.) cultivars, and two specific peanut genotypes grown under different nutritional regimes. among the genotypes tested, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase was correlated negatively with leaf sucrose content in seven of the nine peanut cultivars as well as the tw ... | 1983 | 16662913 |
| specificity of aspartate aminotransferases from leguminous plants for 4-substituted glutamic acids. | aspartate aminotransferase (glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase) was partially purified from extracts of germinating seeds of peanut (arachis hypogaea), honey locust (gleditsia triacanthos), soybean (glycine max), and sophora japonica. the ability of these enzyme preparations, as well as aspartate aminotransferase purified from pig heart cytosol, to use 4-substituted glutamic acids as amino group donors and their corresponding 2-oxo acids as amino group acceptors in the aminotransferase reaction ... | 1989 | 16666674 |
| 4-methyleneglutamine amidohydrolase from peanut leaves : preparation, catalytic properties, and immunological responses of a highly purified form of the enzyme. | 4-methyleneglutamine amidohydrolase has been extracted and purified over 1000-fold from 14-day-old peanut (arachis hypogaea) leaves by modification of methods described previously. the purified enzyme shows two bands of activity and three to four bands of protein after electrophoresis on nondenaturing gels. each of the active bands is readily eluted from gel slices and migrates to its original position on subsequent electrophoresis. although they are electrophoretically distinct, the two forms o ... | 1991 | 16667952 |
| the use of lectins to characterize and separate living canine spermatozoa: a preliminary study. | this study was designed as a preliminary attempt to develop a methodology for relating the glucidic structure of the sperm membrane to sperm morphology. differences in plasma membrane glycoconjugates between motile and nonmotile spermatozoa were studied by using 7 lectins. fresh spermatozoa from 3 dogs were analyzed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) labeled lectins. the binding of lectins to the sperm membrane and the capability of the lectins to agglutinate spermatozoa were estimated semi-qu ... | 1994 | 16727393 |
| high-throughput virus-induced gene-silencing approach to assess the functional relevance of a moisture stress-induced cdna homologous to lea4. | the abiotic stress-responsive cdna database and their expression profiles suggest that stress genes are many and diverse. however, characterization and validation of their functional significance has been a constraint to assessing their role in imparting tolerance. virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is a potential option for assessing the functional significance of stress genes. here the effectiveness of vigs to silence the expression of an aba-responsive lea4 (late embryogenic abundant) gene i ... | 2006 | 16798849 |
| cytosolic triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway in oilseeds. molecular cloning and expression of peanut cytosolic diacylglycerol acyltransferase. | triacylglycerols (tags) are the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells. tag biosynthetic activity was identified in the cytosolic fraction of developing peanut (arachis hypogaea) cotyledons. this activity was naf insensitive and acyl-coenzyme a (coa) dependent. acyl-coa:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (dgat) catalyzes the final step in tag biosynthesis that acylates diacylglycerol to tag. soluble dgat was identified from immature peanuts and purified by conventional column chr ... | 2006 | 16798944 |
| genetic transformation of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) using cotyledonary node as explant and a promoterless gus::nptii fusion gene based vector. | we have generated putative promoter tagged transgenic lines in arachis hypogaea cv jl-24 using cotyledonary node (cn) as an explant and a promoterless gus::nptii bifunctional fusion gene mediated by agrobacterium transformation. ms medium fortified with 6-benzylaminopurine (bap) at 4mg/l in combination with 0.1 mg/l alpha -napthaleneacetic acid (naa) was the most effective out of the various bap and naa combinations tested in multiple shoot bud formation. parameters enhancing genetic transformat ... | 2006 | 16809856 |
| stress-induced phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and p38, and down-regulation of egfr and erk by the dietary lectin jacalin in two human carcinoma cell lines. | we have examined the a431 (human epidermoid carcinoma) and ht29 (human colorectal carcinoma) cellular responses evoked by lectins of dietary origin, jacalin of artocarpus integrifolia (native jacalin; njacalin), peanut agglutinin (pna) of arachis hypogea, and recombinant single-chain jacalin (rjacalin), which has the same protein backbone but approximately 100-fold less affinity for carbohydrates than njacalin. all three lectins (njacalin, rjacalin, and pna) are cycotoxic inhibitors of prolifera ... | 2006 | 16817319 |
| a pathogenesis related protein, ahpr10 from peanut: an insight of its mode of antifungal activity. | a pathogenesis related protein (ahpr10) is identified from a clone of 6-day old arachis hypogaea l. (peanut) cdna library. the clone expressed as a approximately 20 kda protein in e. coli. nucleotide sequence derived amino acid sequence of the coding region shows its homology with pr10 proteins having betv1 domain and p loop motif. recombinant ahpr10 has ribonuclease activity, and antifungal activity against the peanut pathogens fusarium oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani. mutant protein ahpr10-k5 ... | 2006 | 16832688 |
| siderophore cross-utilization amongst rhizospheric bacteria and the role of their differential affinities for fe3+ on growth stimulation under iron-limited conditions. | the majority of bacteria isolated from rhizospheres of arachis hypogea (groundnut) and vigna radiata (mung bean) predominantly produced catechol-type siderophores except for a few fluorescent pseudomonads that produced hydroxamates in addition to catecholates. the rhizospheric isolates differed in their ability to cross-utilize siderophores produced by other rhizospheric isolates (heterologous); some were highly proficient at utilizing heterologous siderophores, while others were poor cross-util ... | 2006 | 16845564 |
| plant growth-promoting methylobacterium induces defense responses in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) compared with rot pathogens. | this study, framed in two different phases, studied the plant-growth promotion and the induction of systemic resistance in groundnut by methylobacterium. seed imbibition with methylobacterium sp. increased germination by 19.5% compared with controls. combined inoculation of methylobacterium sp. with rhizobium sp. also significantly increased plant growth, nodulation, and yield attributes in groundnut compared with individual inoculation of rhizobium sp. methylobacterium sp. challenge-inoculated ... | 2006 | 16941245 |
| the major glycoprotein allergen from arachis hypogaea, ara h 1, is a ligand of dendritic cell-specific icam-grabbing nonintegrin and acts as a th2 adjuvant in vitro. | nonmammalian glycan structures from helminths act as th2 adjuvants. some of these structures are also common on plant glycoproteins. we hypothesized that glycan structures present on peanut glycoallergens act as th2 adjuvants. peanut ag (pnag), but not deglycosylated pnag, activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mddcs) as measured by mhc/costimulatory molecule up-regulation, and by their ability to drive t cell proliferation. furthermore, pnag-activated mddcs induced 2- to 3-fold more il-4- ... | 2006 | 16951327 |
| [a scar marker for resistance to aspergillus flavus in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.)]. | aflatoxin contamination is an important constraint to peanut (archis hypogaea l. ) industry worldwide. genetic improvement for host resistance in peanut to fungal infection and aflatoxin (aspergillus flavus) production is among the approaches for integrated management of the problem. however, the progress in peanut breeding for resistance to aflatoxin is slow due to various reasons, among which, lack of cost-effective method for resistance identification in breeding materials or segregating prog ... | 2006 | 16963420 |
| peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). | arachis hypogea (peanut, groundnut), an annual oil seed belonging to the leguminosae family and the papillionacea subfamily, is a legume native to south america but now grown in diverse environments in six continents between latitudes 40 degrees n and 40 degrees s. arachis hypogea can grow in a wide range of climatic conditions. the low yields of this crop are mainly attributed to unreliable rainfall patterns with frequent droughts, lack of high-yielding adapted cultivars, damage by diseases and ... | 2006 | 16988358 |
| sialidase expression in activated human t lymphocytes influences production of ifn-gamma. | sialidases influence cellular activity by removing terminal sialic acid from glycoproteins and glycolipids. four genetically distinct sialidases (neu1-4) have been identified in mammalian cells. in this study, we demonstrate that only lysosomal neu1 and plasma membrane-associated neu3 are detected in freshly isolated and activated human t lymphocytes. activation of lymphocytes by exposure to anti-cd3 and anti-cd28 igg resulted in a ninefold increase in neu1-specific activity after growth of cell ... | 2007 | 17028199 |
| detection and quantification of capsular exopolysaccharides from streptococcus thermophilus using lectin probes. | the aim of this work was to use fluorescently labeled lectins to develop a convenient and reliable method to determine the relative abundance of capsular polysaccharides (cps) at the surface of streptococcus thermophilus mr-1c cells. fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peanut agglutinin isolated from arachis hypogaea was found to interact specifically with the cps of strep. thermophilus mr-1c. this labeled lectin was then used as an effective probe to detect and quantify cps. a fluorescence-based ... | 2006 | 17033001 |
| storage protein profiles in spanish and runner market type peanuts and potential markers. | proteomic analysis has proven to be the most powerful method for describing plant species and lines, and for identification of proteins in complex mixtures. the strength of this method resides in high resolving power of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de), coupled with highly sensitive mass spectrometry (ms), and sequence homology search. by using this method, we might find polymorphic markers to differentiate peanut subspecies. | 2006 | 17038167 |
| arabinogalactan protein from arachis hypogaea: role as carrier in drug-formulations. | arabinogalactan protein (agp) a highly water-soluble glyco-conjugate from groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) seedling was isolated and purified by precipitation with beta-glucosyl yariv reagent. quantification of agp was done by gel diffusion assay. purified agp was conjugated to amphotericin-b (amb) by schiff base reaction at ph 11.0, with aim to prepare a water-injectable lesser toxic agp-amb conjugate without affecting amb antifungal potential. the agp-amb conjugate antifungal activity was assay ... | 2007 | 17084048 |
| glutamate is involved in acid stress response in bradyrhizobium sp. semia 6144 (arachis hypogaea l.) microsymbiont. | in the present study, the effect of acid stress on ammonium assimilation in bradyrhizobium sp. semia 6144 (arachis hypogaea l.) microsymbiont was analyzed. the bacterial growth rate was decreased by 50%, and a significant increase in intracellular glutamate concentration was detected when the strain grew at acid ph (5.5). assays of the enzymes involved in glutamate synthesis showed increased activities of glutamine synthetase (gs) and glutamate synthase (nadph-gogat) under acid stress condition. ... | 2006 | 17091217 |
| rhizonin, the first mycotoxin isolated from the zygomycota, is not a fungal metabolite but is produced by bacterial endosymbionts. | rhizonin is a hepatotoxic cyclopeptide isolated from cultures of a fungal rhizopus microsporus strain that grew on moldy ground nuts in mozambique. reinvestigation of this fungal strain by a series of experiments unequivocally revealed that this "first mycotoxin from lower fungi" is actually not produced by the fungus. pcr experiments and phylogenetic studies based on 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that the fungus is associated with bacteria belonging to the genus burkholderia. by transmission ... | 2007 | 17122400 |
| effect of gamma irradiation on the grain yield of nigerian zea mays and arachis hypogaea. | as a follow-up to our earlier investigation on the effect of gamma radiation on the germination and growth of certain nigerian agricultural crops, the present study sought to determine the effect of gamma radiation on the grain yield of zea mays (maize) and arachis hypogaea (groundnut). the seeds were planted after irradiation without the application of fertiliser. the results show that for maize, grain yield for irradiated samples is increased to levels above the unirradiated yield at doses up ... | 2006 | 17146127 |
| [potential allelopathic effects of piper nigrum, mangifera indica and clausena lansium]. | with piper nigrum, mangifera indica and clausena lansium as the donators, this paper studied their potential allelopathic effects on the germination and growth of zea mays, glycine max, cucurbita moschata, arachis hypogaea, raphanus sativus, echinochloa crusgalli, digitaria sanguinalis and stylosanthes guianensis. the results showed that the aqueous extracts of these donators could inhibit the germination and growth of z. mays, g. max, c. moschata, e. crus-galli and d. sanguinalis at high concen ... | 2006 | 17147171 |
| loss of l-pha-, pna-, or cona-reactive oligosaccharides is associated with a poor prognosis in human burkitt's lymphoma. | the expression of cell surface oligosaccharides is associated with various biological phenomena. to clarify the relationship between lectin binding and the survival of patients with burkitt's lymphoma, tumor samples from nine patients with burkitt's lymphoma were analyzed by lectin histochemistry. kaplan-meier analysis showed that survival is significantly shorter for patients with negative reactivity for lectins from phaseolus vulgaris (l-pha), arachis hypogaea (pna), or canavalia ensiformis (c ... | 2007 | 17342314 |
| straightforward protein immobilization on sylgard 184 pdms microarray surface. | in this work, a straightforward technique for protein immobilization on sylgard 184 is described. the method consists of a direct transfer of dried protein/salt solutions to the pdms interface during the polymer curing. such non-conventional treatment of proteins was found to have no major negative consequence on their integrity. the mechanisms of this direct immobilization were investigated using a lysine modified dextran molecule as a model. clear experimental results suggested that both chemi ... | 2007 | 17355160 |
| [activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases (intracellular and extracellular) in rhyzosphere fungi from arachis hypogaea (papiloneaceae)]. | the potential role of the fungi, isolated from the peanut rhizosphere, in the production of extracellular and intracellular acid and alkaline phosphatase, was evaluated in vitro. acid and alkaline extracellular phosphatases showed the highest activities, and the penicillium species were the most efficient in their production. the correlation analysis showed that extracellular acid and intracellular acid phosphatase produced by aspergillus niger a. terreus, penicillium sp. y p. brevicompactum wer ... | 2004 | 17357426 |
| nucleotide sequence of the s and m rna segments of a groundnut bud necrosis virus isolate from vigna radiata in india. | nucleotide sequence of the s and m rna segments of a groundnut bud necrosis virus isolate from vigna radiata (mungbean isolate, gbnv-mb) was determined and compared with another isolate from arachis hypogaea (groundnut isolate, gbnv-type). comparative sequence analysis revealed that the genome organization of the s and m rna segments of both gbnv-mb and gbnv-type isolates was similar. however, considerable differences were observed in their intergenic regions (igrs) and the glycoprotein precurso ... | 2007 | 17385071 |
| lectin binding profile of the small intestine of five-week-old pigs in response to the use of chlortetracycline as a growth promotant and under gnotobiotic conditions. | antibiotics have traditionally been used for growth promotion in the pork industry; however, their use in animal feed has recently been limited because of human health concerns. the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in mediating many physiological functions such as digestion and animal growth. it was hypothesized that use of antibiotics as growth promotants and subsequent variations in intestinal microbiota induce significant changes in the intestinal glycoconjugate composition, whic ... | 2007 | 17400973 |
| acc deaminase from pseudomonas fluorescens mediated saline resistance in groundnut (arachis hypogea) plants. | to study the effect of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase from pseudomonas fluorescens against saline stress under in vitro and field conditions in groundnut (arachis hypogea) plants. | 2007 | 17448163 |
| construction of a high-efficient expression vector of delta12 fatty acid desaturase in peanut and its prokaryotical expression. | a full-length sequence coding for delta(12) fatty acid desaturase gene from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) was cloned into the expression vector, prsetb, to generate recombinant plasmid prset/ho-a, which was subsequently transformed into expression escherichia coli bl21(de3)plyss. the delta(12) fatty acid desaturase was highly expressed in e. coli bl21(de3)plyss in the presence of isopropyl-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg). the fusion protein was purified and used to form a reaction system in vitro ... | 2007 | 17469780 |
| aqueous extract of peanut skin and its main constituent procyanidin a1 suppress serum ige and igg1 levels in mice-immunized with ovalbumin. | in this study, we investigated the effects of an aqueous extract of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) seed skin (pse) and its main constituent procyanidin a1 (pa) on the allergic response to allergen ovalbumin (ova) in a mouse model. mice immunized interaperitoneally with ova dramatically increased anti-ova ige and total igg1 levels in serum compared with non-treated control mice. oral injection of pse at doses ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg/d (for 21 consecutive days) decreased anti-ova ige and igg1 l ... | 2007 | 17473436 |
| production and secretion of resveratrol in hairy root cultures of peanut. | resveratrol and its derivatives are natural stilbenes associated with many health benefits that include those conferred by their antioxidant and anticancer properties. while stilbenes can be recovered as an extract from a selected number of plants, these products are not suitable for many applications in the food/pharmaceutical sectors due to high levels of impurities as well as the overall low concentration of resveratrol and its derivatives in the extract. to deliver a highly defined and enric ... | 2007 | 17574636 |
| comparative assessment of genetic diversity of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) genotypes with various levels of resistance to bacterial wilt through ssr and aflp analyses. | bacterial wilt (bw) caused by ralstonia solanacearum is an important constraint to peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) production in several asian and african countries, and planting bw-resistant cultivars is the most feasible method for controlling the disease. although several bw-resistant peanut germplasm accessions have been identified, the genetic diversity among these has not been properly investigated, which has impeded efficient utilization. in this study, the genetic relationships of 31 peanut ... | 2007 | 17601614 |
| stress-inducible expression of at dreb1a in transgenic peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) increases transpiration efficiency under water-limiting conditions. | water deficit is the major abiotic constraint affecting crop productivity in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). water use efficiency under drought conditions is thought to be one of the most promising traits to improve and stabilize crop yields under intermittent water deficit. a transcription factor dreb1a from arabidopsis thaliana, driven by the stress inducible promoter from the rd29a gene, was introduced in a drought-sensitive peanut cultivar jl 24 through agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene ... | 2007 | 17653723 |
| lectin binding and effects in culture on human cancer and non-cancer cell lines: examination of issues of interest in drug design strategies. | by using a non-cancer and a cancer cell line originally from the same tissue (colon), coupled with testing lectins for cell binding and for their effects on these cell lines in culture, this study describes a simple multi-parameter approach that has revealed some interesting results that could be useful in drug development strategies. two human cell lines, ccl-220/colo320dm (human colon cancer cells, tumorigenic in nude mice) and crl-1459/ccd-18co (non-malignant human colon cells) were tested fo ... | 2007 | 17706752 |
| peanut (arachis hypogaea) consumption improves glutathione and hdl-cholesterol levels in experimental diabetes. | the aim of this investigation was to assess the influence of peanut (arachis hypogaea) consumption on oxidant-antioxidant status and lipid profile in streptozotocin (stz) induced diabetic rats. 32 rats were divided into 4 groups as control, control+peanut, diabetic, diabetic+peanut. control and diabetic groups were fed on standard rat chow whereas control+peanut and diabetic+peanut were fed on standard rat chow supplemented with 0.63 g % peanut for 12 weeks. serum glucose levels, lipids, glutath ... | 2008 | 17726728 |
| effect of paclobutrazol on water stress amelioration through antioxidants and free radical scavenging enzymes in arachis hypogaea l. | an investigation was carried out to find out the extent of changes occurred in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) cultivars in response to paclobutrazol (pbz) treatment under water deficit stress. two groundnut cultivars namely icg 221 and icg 476 were used for the study. individual treatment with pbz and drought stress showed an increase in ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (sod), ascorbate peroxidase (apx) and catalase (cat) activities. pbz with drought ... | 2007 | 17764913 |
| role of insecticides in reducing thrips injury to plants and incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus in virginia market-type peanut. | tomato spotted wilt virus (family bunyaviridae, genus tospovirus, tswv), transmitted by many thrips species, is a devastating pathogen of peanut, arachis hypogaea l. tswv has become a serious problem in the virginia/carolina peanut-growing region of the united states. during 2002, tswv was present in 47% of the north carolina hectarage and caused a 5% yield reduction in virginia. factors influencing levels of tswv in runner market-type peanut cultivars, which are primarily grown in alabama, flor ... | 2007 | 17849876 |
| bcl-xl transformed peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) exhibits paraquat tolerance. | the human bcl-xl gene was transformed into peanut cultivar georgia green via microprojectile bombardment. following selection on hygromycin-containing medium and regeneration, eighty hygromycin-resistant callus clusters were recovered. southern blot analysis of ten fertile lines revealed multiple insertions of the bcl-xl transgene in most lines. western blot analysis of primary plants and t1 progenies demonstrated detectable levels of bcl-xl expression in four transgenic lines. we could not dete ... | 2008 | 17891400 |
| intracellular processing, glycosylation, and cell surface expression of human metapneumovirus attachment glycoprotein. | the biosynthesis and posttranslational processing of human metapneumovirus attachment g glycoprotein were investigated. after pulse-labeling, the g protein accumulated as three species with molecular weights of 45,000, 50,000, and 53,000 (45k, 50k, and 53k, respectively). n-glycosidase digestion indicated that these forms represent the unglycosylated precursor and n-glycosylated intermediate products, respectively. after an appropriate chase, these three naive forms were further processed to a m ... | 2007 | 17913798 |
| persistence of napropamide in/on tea under north-east indian climatic condition. | napropamide is an amide group of herbicide, used as pre-emergence herbicide controlling in broad leaved weeds of tea, ground nut, citrus, etc. napropamide 45 sc (devrinol) was applied on tea bushes twice @ 1.125 and 2.250 g a.i./ha along with untreated control. after following the standard extraction process, the residue of napropamide in made tea and soil cropped with tea was analyzed by hplc. napropamide was rapidly dissipated in soil following the first-order kinetics with half-lives in the r ... | 2007 | 17924045 |
| characterization of glycans in the developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis (myxozoa), the causative agent of whirling disease. | glycans and sugar-binding molecules (lectins) form an interactive recognition system, which may enable parasitic organisms to adhere to host cells and migrate into target tissues. the aim of the present study was to analyse surface-associated glycans in the developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis (hofer), the causative agent of whirling disease. a panel of biotin-labelled plant lectins was used to detect a broad spectrum of glycan motifs with high specificity. binding sites were detected hi ... | 2007 | 17958607 |
| hypotin, a novel antipathogenic and antiproliferative protein from peanuts with a sequence similar to those of chitinase precursors. | a protein designated hypotin, with both antifungal and antibacterial activity, was isolated from peanut (arachis hypogaea) seeds. the isolation procedure included extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion chromatography, and gel filtration. the protein exhibited a molecular mass of 30.4 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, indicating that it is a monomeric protein. its n-terminal sequence ... | 2007 | 17979231 |
| signal molecules in the peanut-bradyrhizobia interaction. | main nodulation signal molecules in the peanut-bradyrhizobia interaction were examined. flavonoids exuded by arachis hypogaea l. cultivar tegua were genistein, daidzein and chrysin, the latest being released in lower quantities. thin layer chromatography analysis from genistein-induced bacterial cultures of three peanut bradyrhizobia resulted in an identical nod factor pattern, suggesting low variability in genes involved in the synthesis of these molecules. structural study of nod factor by mas ... | 2008 | 18030448 |
| genetic variability of brazilian indian landraces of arachis hypogaea l. | the kayabi indians who inhabit the xingu indigenous park, located in west central brazil, have grown and managed peanuts for a long time. a great number of landraces are being maintained by these tribes and some of this germplasm has morphological traits that exceed the variation described in the taxonomic literature. here, we analyzed the genetic variability of these landraces using a set of microsatellite markers. the analysis showed that, in general, the indigenous samples grouped according t ... | 2007 | 18050088 |
| effects of treated sewage sludge levels on temporal variations of some soil properties of a typic xerofluvent soil in menemen plain, western anatolia, turkey. | the aim of this study is to determine effects of treated sewage sludge (tss) levels as an organic matter (om) resource on temporal variations of some soil properties of a typic xerofluvent soil. the experiment was conducted in menemen plain, in the western anatolia region of turkey (latitudes 38 degrees 34'48.22''-38 degrees 34'49.24'' n; longitudes 27 degrees 1'23.05-27 degrees 1'24.14'' e) in the years of 2003 and 2004. moist tss was added to the soil at the rates of 0, 30, 60 and 90 t ha(-1) ... | 2009 | 18202900 |
| diet selection in immunologically manipulated mice. | diet selection is a complex problem that animals in wildlife have to deal with daily. in their natural environment, these animals meet a great variety of foods some of which they are able and prepared to eat, yet, not all of it is eaten. in addition to the biological factors, some of which we shall discuss deeper in this paper, an important factor in food preference is social contact. alterations in the physiology of mammals can have profound effects on the choice or preference for certain foods ... | 2008 | 18207023 |
| detection of carbohydrate-binding proteins by oligosaccharide-modified polypyrrole interfaces using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance. | this paper reports on the use of electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (e-spr) for the detection of carbohydrate-binding proteins. the generation of an spr sensor specific to lectins arachis hypogaea (pna) and maackia amurensis (maa) is based on the electrochemical polymerization of oligosaccharide derivatives functionalized by pyrrole groups. the resulting thin conducting polymer films were characterized using e-spr and atomic force microscopy (afm). the specific binding of pna to polypyrro ... | 2008 | 18227943 |
| peanut gene expression profiling in developing seeds at different reproduction stages during aspergillus parasiticus infection. | peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is an important crop economically and nutritionally, and is one of the most susceptible host crops to colonization of aspergillus parasiticus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. knowledge from molecular genetic studies could help to devise strategies in alleviating this problem; however, few peanut dna sequences are available in the public database. in order to understand the molecular basis of host resistance to aflatoxin contamination, a large-scale project was ... | 2008 | 18248674 |
| a rapid and efficient inoculation method for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus. | a rapid and efficient method of inoculation for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) was achieved by applying the inoculum with a device consisting of a spray gun, an atomizer and a co2-powered sprayer. the inoculum contained infected leaf sap prepared in 0.1m phosphate buffer, ph 7.0, 0.2% sodium sulfite and 0.01 m 2-mercaptoethanol (1g: 10 ml) and 1% each of celite 545 and carborundum 320 grit. the spray application of chilled inoculum at the rate of 1.1 ml/plant and at an air pressure of 4.1 ... | 2008 | 18272238 |
| localized production of phytoalexins by peanut (arachis hypogaea) kernels in response to invasion by aspergillus species. | peanuts respond to fungal infection by synthesizing phytoalexins, most of which are antibiotic stilbenes. the mechanism and dynamics of phytoalexin formation in the peanut have not been studied. one of the most popular peanut cultivars in the southeastern united states, georgia green, was investigated for its ability to produce phytoalexins in response to infection by soil fungal strains. the experimental design allowed for study of phytoalexin production in peanut kernels layer-by-layer. the la ... | 2008 | 18298071 |
| distribution of the alphagal- and the non-alphagal t-antigens in the pig kidney: potential targets for rejection in pig-to-man xenotransplantation. | carbohydrate antigens, present on pig vascular endothelial cells, seem to be the prime agents responsible for graft rejection, and although genetically modified animals that express less amounts of carbohydrate antigen are available, it is still useful to decide the localization of the reactive xenoantigens in organs contemplated for xenotransplantation. here we compare the distribution in pig kidney of antigens important in xenograft destruction, namely the galalpha1-3gal (alphagal) glycans, wi ... | 2008 | 18301385 |
| expression of a synthetic cry1ec gene for resistance against spodoptera litura in transgenic peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). | the tobacco cutworm (spodoptera litura) is a polyphagous foliage insect and a major pest on peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). s. litura is susceptible to the chimeric delta-endotoxin cry1ec reported earlier. de-embryonated cotyledon explants of peanut were transformed using agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 harboring a synthetic cry1ec gene driven by the camv 35s promoter. transgenic plants of peanut with a single copy insertion of cry1ec were selected in the t(0) generation by southern blot h ... | 2008 | 18320194 |
| a novel technology to improve drinking water quality using natural treatment methods in rural tanzania. | it is estimated that one billion people worldwide do not have access to treated drinking water. this paper reports on an investigation into the potential of indigenous or natural water treatment methods as alternatives to conventional chemical water treatment methods. the seeds of five natural plant species--vigna unguiculata, phaseolus mungo, glycine max, pisum sativam, and arachis hypogea--were evaluated for the removal of turbidity, and their efficiency was compared with that of alum. the use ... | 2008 | 18348392 |
| characterizing the glycocalyx of poultry spermatozoa: ii. in vitro storage of turkey semen and mobility phenotype affects the carbohydrate component of sperm membrane glycoconjugates. | the turkey sperm glycocalyx is known to contain residues of sialic acid, alpha-mannose/alpha-glucose, alpha- and beta-galactose, alpha-fucose, alpha- and beta-n-acetyl-galactosamine, monomers and dimers of n-acetyl-glucosamine, and n-acetyl-lactosamine. potential changes in these carbohydrates during in vitro semen storage at 4 degrees c were evaluated using males of both high- and low-sperm-mobility phenotypes. changes in carbohydrate residues were quantified by flow cytometry analysis using a ... | 2008 | 18359756 |
| biosynthesis enhancement and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) arachidin-1, arachidin-3, and isopentadienylresveratrol. | peanut is a potent plant to be induced to synthesize bioactive stilbenoids. bioactivities of those stilbenoids except resveratrol have been meagerly investigated. when peanut kernels (tainan 14, a spanish cultivar) were imbibed, incubated 3 days for germination, sliced, incubated with artificial aeration, periodically sampled, lyophilized, extracted with methanol, and subjected to reverse-phase hplc analysis, four major fractionations were detected and identified as trans-resveratrol (res), tran ... | 2006 | 17177571 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in sub-saharan savannas of benin, west africa, as affected by agricultural land use intensity and ecological zone. | the rapid decline of soil fertility of cultivated lands in the sub-saharan savannas of west africa is considered to be the main cause of the increasingly severe constraints of food production. the soils in this tropical area are highly fragile, and crop yields are limited by characteristically low levels of available phosphorus. under such preconditions, the multiple benefits of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis are likely to play a pivotal role for maintaining natural soil fertility by ... | 2008 | 18386078 |
| root vs pod infection by root-knot nematodes on aflatoxin contamination of peanut. | aflatoxins are potent carcinogens produced by some aspergillus spp. infection of peanut (arachis hypogaea) by root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne arenaria) can lead to an increase in aflatoxin contamination of kernels when the plants are subjected to drought stress during pod maturation. it is not clear whether the increased aflatoxin contamination is primarily due to greater invasion of the galled pods by toxigenic aspergillus spp. or whether root galling is also involved. our objective was to det ... | 2007 | 18399500 |
| importance of glutathione in the nodulation process of peanut (arachis hypogaea). | gsh appears to be essential for proper development of the root nodules during the symbiotic association of legume-rhizobia in which the entry of rhizobia involves the formation of infection threads. in the particular case of peanut-rhizobia symbiosis, the entry of rhizobia occurs by the mechanism of infection called 'crack entry', i.e. entry at the point of emergence of lateral roots. we have previously shown the role of gsh content of bradyrhizobium sp. semia 6144 during the symbiotic associati ... | 2008 | 18485058 |
| lectin-modified piezoelectric biosensors for bacteria recognition and quantification. | the use of lectins for microorganism biosensors fabrication is proposed. lectins are immobilised onto a gold-plated quartz crystal for direct piezoelectric label-free transduction of the bacteria-lectin binding event using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (eqcm). concanavalin a (con a) and escherichia coli were used for the evaluation of the lectin immobilisation method and the biosensor performance. adsorption on nonpolarised and polarised (-0.200 v) gold-coated quartz crystals an ... | 2008 | 18523759 |