| effects of adding some dietary fibers to a cystine diet on the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes and serum enzymes in rats. | this study investigates whether some dietary fibers can the toxicity due to cystine added to the diet. wistar rats were investigated for the effects of adding pectin, sugar beet fiber or konjac mannan to a cystine diet on the growth rate and on the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes and serum enzymes. the addition of pectin, sugar beet fiber or konjac mannan to the cystine diet resulted in a significant increase in both the food intake and body weight gain. feeding the cystine diet caused l ... | 2003 | 12723612 |
| paex, a second pectin acetylesterase of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | erwinia chrysanthemi causes soft-rot diseases of various plants by enzymatic degradation of the pectin in plant cell walls. pectin is a complex polysaccharide. the main chain is constituted of galacturonate residues, and some of them are modified by methyl and/or acetyl esterification. esterases are necessary to remove these modifications and, thus, to facilitate the further degradation of the polysaccharidic chain. in addition to paey, the first pectin acetylesterase identified in the e. chrysa ... | 2003 | 12730169 |
| synchrony of nutrient supply to the rumen and dietary energy source and their effects on the growth and metabolism of lambs. | the objective of the current series of experiments was to assess the effects of dietary synchrony of om and n supply to the rumen, achieved by altering the sequence of feeding individual ingredients and in diets with different energy sources, on the metabolism and performance of growing lambs. in exp. 1, the in situ degradability coefficients of om and n were determined for five feed ingredients and subsequently was used to formulate two diets, based either on barley or sugar beet pulp, to have ... | 2003 | 12772862 |
| sporamin-mediated resistance to beet cyst nematodes (heterodera schachtii schm.) is dependent on trypsin inhibitory activity in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) hairy roots. | sporamin, a sweet potato tuberous storage protein, is a kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor. its capability of conferring insect-resistance on transgenic tobacco and cauliflower has been confirmed. to test its potential as an anti-feedant for the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.), the sporamin gene spti-1 was introduced into sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) by agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. twelve different hairy root clones expressing sporamin were selected for studying ... | 2003 | 12777044 |
| monitoring the spread of recombinant dna from field plots with transgenic sugar beet plants by pcr and natural transformation of pseudomonas stutzeri. | previous studies had shown that recombinant dna can be detected for several months in soil after the deposition of litter from transgenic (tg) plants. here we show by pcr monitoring of field releases of tg sugar beet plants that during the growth of the plants the soil close to the plants and also plant material contains recombinant dna, in the form of extracellular molecules. surprisingly, the monitoring also revealed the presence of tg dna in many field plots (30-70%) in which tg plants were n ... | 2003 | 12779118 |
| substrate specificity of the alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from rhizomucor pusillus hht-1. | the alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (af) from the fungus rhizomucor pusillus hht-1 released arabinose at appreciable rates from (1-->5)-alpha-l-arabinofuranooligosaccharides, sugar beet arabinan and debranched arabinan. this enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed the terminal arabinofuranosyl residue [alpha-(1-->5)-linked] of the arabinan backbone rather than the arabinosyl side chain [alpha-(1-->3)-linked residues]. the enzyme-hydrolyzed arabinan reacted at and debranched the arabinan almost at the same ... | 2003 | 12829392 |
| effect of concentrate composition and cubicle bedding on the development of hoof haemorrhages in holstein heifers after calving. | diseases of the hoof horn are the most common cause of lameness in the uk dairy herd, and diet, particularly starch intake, is commonly implicated in their development. this study assessed whether replacing starch carbohydrate with sugar beet pulp, in a diet containing 50 per cent of the dry matter as forage, would significantly reduce the development of hoof horn haemorrhages in dairy heifers after calving. it also investigated the effect of replacing wood shavings as cubicle bedding with chopp ... | 2003 | 12833933 |
| role of the pectinolytic enzyme in the lactic acid fermentation of potato pulp by rhizopus oryzae. | rhizopus oryzae strain nbrc 4707 produced lactic acid and ethanol more efficiently than strain nrrl 395 in potato pulp, an agricultural by-product of the starch industry. the two strains developed comparable activities of xylanase, cellulase, alpha-amylase, and glucoamylase, while the polygalacturonase activity of strain nbrc 4707 was double that of strain nrrl 395. the addition of commercial pectinase enhanced the formation of metabolites, suggesting that the degradation of pectic substances de ... | 2003 | 12844245 |
| rhizobium radiobacter conjugation and callus-independent shoot regeneration used to introduce the cercosporin export gene cfp from cercospora into sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | leaf spot disease caused by cercospora is responsible for crop and profitability losses in sugar beet crops in the us and worldwide. the cfp gene that encodes a protein that exports phytotoxic cercosporins from cercospora was conjugally transferred to sugar beet using rhizobium radiobacter (agrobacterium tumefaciens), to improve cercospora-induced leafspot resistance. conditions for shoot regeneration were optimized to increase regeneration/transformation efficiencies. low-light and room-tempera ... | 2003 | 12882176 |
| the effect of inulin and sugar beet fibre on oesophagostomum dentatum infection in pigs. | the present study was designed to assess the role of inulin and sugar beet fibres (sbf) on adult o. dentatum in growing pigs. four experimental diets were formulated based on barley flour with added insoluble fibre from oat husk (diet 1), a pure carbohydrate source inulin (diet 2), soluble fibre from sugar beet fibre (sbf) with a high proportion of soluble fibre components (diet 3) or inulin plus sbf (diet 4). thirty-two 10-week-old pigs were divided randomly into 4 groups each of 8 pigs. after ... | 2003 | 12885189 |
| effects of amino acid nutrition on the responses of dairy cows to milking more frequently with or without injection of growth hormone. | the influence of amino acid nutrition on the response to milking more frequently, with or without injection of growth hormone, was examined in eight dairy cows in two 4 x 4 latin squares with 28-d periods. the four treatments were a diet adequate in amino acids with or without injection of growth hormone and a diet inadequate in amino acids with or without injection of growth hormone. for all four treatments, during the last 14 d of each period, one half of the mammary gland was milked three tim ... | 2003 | 12906059 |
| evidence for gene flow via seed dispersal from crop to wild relatives in beta vulgaris (chenopodiaceae): consequences for the release of genetically modified crop species with weedy lineages. | gene flow and introgression from cultivated to wild plant populations have important evolutionary and ecological consequences and require detailed investigations for risk assessments of transgene escape into natural ecosystems. sugar beets (beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) are of particular concern because: (i) they are cross-compatible with their wild relatives (the sea beet, b. vulgaris ssp. maritima); (ii) crop-to-wild gene flow is likely to occur via weedy lineages resulting from hybridization e ... | 2003 | 12908976 |
| optimization of dextran production by leuconostoc mesenteroides nrrl b-512 using cheap and local sources of carbohydrate and nitrogen. | using pure components for the fermentation medium in dextran production imposes high costs on the industry. in the present study, the economic production of dextran using local and cheap sources of carbohydrate and nitrogen was investigated. different concentrations of molasses and wheat-bran extract, after filtration, steam sterilization and ph adjustment, were inoculated with a fresh suspension of leuconostoc mesenteroides. cultures were incubated, and then diluted with an equal volume of etha ... | 2003 | 12927026 |
| submerged citric acid fermentation of sugar beet molasses: effect of pressure and recirculation of oxygen. | | 1961 | 13693826 |
| submerged citric acid fermentation of sugar beet molasses: increase in scale. | | 1955 | 14364358 |
| [causative agents of bacteriosis of sugar beet leaves]. | | 1954 | 14383353 |
| effects of oesophagostomum dentatum and dietary carbohydrates on morphology of the large intestine of pigs. | the effects of oesophagostomum dentatum infection and dietary carbohydrates on the morphology and epithelial cell proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs were investigated experimentally. thirty-two worm-free pigs (n=32) from a specific pathogen-free farm were randomly divided into four groups (a-d), of eight animals each. pigs in groups a (control) and b (infected) were fed diet 1, and pigs in groups c (control) and d (infected) were fed diet 2. the two diets were formulated: diet 1 ... | 2003 | 14519317 |
| crop management and agronomic context of the farm scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. | the farm scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops (gmht) were conducted in the uk from 2000 to 2002 on beet (sugar and fodder), spring oilseed rape and forage maize. the management of the crops studied is described and compared with current conventional commercial practice. the distribution of field sites adequately represented the areas currently growing these crops, and the sample contained sites operated at a range of management intensities, including low intensity. ... | 2003 | 14561315 |
| effects of dietary amino acid balance on the response of dairy cows to an increase of milking frequency from twice to three times daily. | an experiment was conducted to examine how the response of dairy cows to a change from twice to three times-daily milking is affected by deficiencies in the dietary supplies of three amino acids, his, met, and lys. six cows were used in a 6 x 6 latin square with 14-d periods. the three dietary treatments were: grass silage and a cereal-based supplement containing feather meal as the sole protein supplement; the same silage-cereal diet supplying similar amounts of metabolizable and rumen-undegrad ... | 2003 | 14594249 |
| genes encoding a cellulosic polymer contribute toward the ecological success of pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 on plant surfaces. | pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 is a gram-negative bacterium that grows in close association with plants. in common with a broad range of functionally similar bacteria it plays an important role in the turnover of organic matter and certain isolates can promote plant growth. despite its environmental significance, the causes of its ecological success are poorly understood. here we describe the development and application of a simple promoter trapping strategy (ivet) to identify p. fluorescens sbw2 ... | 2003 | 14629390 |
| oxidative burst elicited by bacillus mycoides isolate bac j, a biological control agent, occurs independently of hypersensitive cell death in sugar beet. | response of sugar beet cultivars c40 and ush11 to syringe infiltration of live and dead bacillus mycoides isolate bac j, a biological control agent, and virulent and avirulent isolates of erwinia carotovora pv. betavasculorum was measured by monitoring systemic acquired resistance control of cercospora beticola, specific activity of chitinase and beta-glucanase, the oxidative burst, and hypersensitive cell death at the infiltration site. priming sugar beet with b. mycoides bac j (1 x 10(8) cells ... | 2003 | 14651348 |
| population genetic structure of the sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii: a gonochoristic and amphimictic species with highly inbred but weakly differentiated populations. | the sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii is a soil-dwelling phytoparasitic nematode that feeds on beet roots. it is an important pest in most sugar beet growing areas, and better knowledge of its genetic variability is an important step to preserve the durability of resistant sugar beet varieties. the population genetic structure of this species in northern france was studied using five microsatellite markers. a hierarchical sampling design was used to investigate spatial structuring at ... | 2004 | 14653786 |
| induction, purification, and characterization of two extracellular alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases from fusarium oxysporum. | in the presence of l-arabinose as sole carbon source, fusarium oxysporum produces two alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases (abfs) named abf1 and abf2, with molecular masses of 200 and 180 kda, respectively. the two f. oxysporum proteins have been purified to homogeneity. the purified enzymes are composed of three equal subunits and are neutral proteins with pis of 6.0 and 7.3 for abf1 and abf2, respectively. with p-nitrophenyl alpha-l-arabinofuranoside (pnpa) as the substrate, abf1 and abf2 exhibited km ... | 2003 | 14663498 |
| cloning of the pela gene from bacillus licheniformis 14a and biochemical characterization of recombinant, thermostable, high-alkaline pectate lyase. | the pectate lyase gene pela from alkaliphilic bacillus licheniformis strain 14a was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence corresponded to an open reading frame of 1,026 bp that codes for a 39 amino acid signal peptide and a mature protein with a molecular mass of 33,451 da. the mature pela showed significant homology to other pectate lyases belonging to polysaccharide lyase family 1, such as enzymes from different bacillus spp. and erwinia chrysanthemi. the pela gene was expressed in esc ... | 2004 | 14673544 |
| suppression of rhizoctonia solani diseases of sugar beet by antagonistic and plant growth-promoting yeasts. | isolates of candida valida, rhodotorula glutinis and trichosporon asahii from the rhizosphere of sugar beet in egypt were examined for their ability to colonize roots, to promote plant growth and to protect sugar beet from rhizoctonia solani ag-2-2 diseases, under glasshouse conditions. | 2004 | 14678160 |
| molecular profiling of microbial communities associated with seeds of beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (sugar beet). | the composition of microbial communities on and within seeds may effect their storage and field performance, whether they are indigenous or applied as biocontrol agents. in this study, we have explored the usefulness of profiling small subunit ribosomal (ssr) gene fragments for studying the microflora associated with seeds. dna was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the amplicons separated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). primers targeting eukaryotic ssrs w ... | 2004 | 14706747 |
| high frequency agrobacterium-mediated transformation and plant regeneration via direct shoot formation from leaf explants in beta vulgaris and beta maritima. | we have developed a new procedure for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants in the genus beta using shoot-base as the material for agrobacterium infection. the frequency of regeneration from shoot bases was analyzed in seven accessions of sugarbeet ( beta vulgaris) and two accessions of b. maritima to select materials suitable for obtaining transformed plants. the frequency of transformation of the chosen accessions using agrobacterium strain lba4404 and selection on 150-mg/l kanamycin ... | 2004 | 15042407 |
| expression of a plant serine o-acetyltransferase in saccharomyces cerevisiae confers osmotic tolerance and creates an alternative pathway for cysteine biosynthesis. | screening of a sugar beet (beta vulgaris cv. dita) cdna library for clones able to confer osmotic tolerance to the osmosensitive gpd1 mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae identified a novel serine o-acetyltransferase (bvsat; ec 2.3.1.30). this enzyme is involved in cysteine biosynthesis in plants and bacteria, producing o-acetylserine, which is converted into cysteine in a reaction catalysed by o-acetylserine sulphydrylase (ec 4.2.99.8). this pathway is not conserved in yeast, where cysteine is sy ... | 2004 | 15042590 |
| effect of different fibre types on the digestibility of nutrients in cats. | in this study the effect of different fibre types was investigated on the acceptance of foods (in a short-term study) and on the nutrients' digestibility by using 10 adult, castrated cats. peanut hull (ph, source of lignin), dried sugar beet pulp (sbp, source of hemicelluloses and pectin) and alfalfa meal (alf, source of cellulose) were mixed to a poultry meat based cat food in 10% on dry matter (dm) basis. the average dm intake did only slightly differ according to the type of fibre added. supp ... | 2004 | 15059238 |
| strategies for the detection of potential beet necrotic yellow vein virus genome recombinations which might arise as a result of growing a type coat protein gene-expressing sugarbeets in soil containing b type virus. | we have searched for beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) populations with a recombined genome which could possibly arise when transgenic sugarbeets expressing the coat protein gene of a type bnyvv are grown in soil containing polymyxa betae carrying b type bnyvv, in soil samples from previous field release experiments and in a greenhouse model experiment. in order to accelerate the potential evolution of virus populations with recombined genomes in the model experiment, eight successive crop ... | 2004 | 15070072 |
| performance and individual feed intake characteristics of group-housed sows fed a nonstarch polysaccharides diet ad libitum during gestation over three parities. | the objective of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding group-housed gestating sows a diet with a high level of fermentable nonstarch polysaccharides (nsp; approximately 45% sugar beet pulp as fed) ad libitum on the development in individual feed intake characteristics and reproductive performance during three successive reproduction cycles. performance of the ad libitum-fed sows was compared to the performance of sows that were fed a conventional diet restrictedly. feed intake char ... | 2004 | 15080349 |
| genetic analysis of male fertility restoration in wild cytoplasmic male sterility g of beet. | cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) has been used in the breeding of sugar beet for decades but is also more generally an important feature of the reproductive system in its wild relative, beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. among the several cmss found in wild populations, the g cms is a mitochondrial variant of the respiratory chain. the segregants derived from a cross between a restored plant and a female (male-sterile) plant on g cytoplasm exhibited three sexual phenotypic classes: female, hermaphrodi ... | 2004 | 15085261 |
| different concentrations and sources of dietary fibre may improve the welfare of female broiler breeders. | 1. broiler breeder females were fed restricted allocations of food to meet target body weights. they were fed on a standard wheat-soy ration or on one of three series of rations containing 50, 100 or 200 g/kg of ground oat hulls, ground unmolassed sugar beet pulp or sunflower meal. changes in behaviour and heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (hlr) were measured at 5, 10 and 15 weeks of age. 2. body weight at 15 weeks of age decreased in a linear manner with increasing concentrations of the experimental ... | 2004 | 15115195 |
| polygalacturonase and ethanol production in kluyveromyces marxianus: potential use of polygalacturonase in foodstuffs. | the coproduction of ethanol and polygalacturonase (pg) in a pilot-scale batch fermentor using yeast extract--glucose (yd)--and sugar beet molasses (sbm)-based media was implemented utilizing a new high-pg-producing strain of kluyveromyces marxianus. a certain growth inhibition was observed in sbm medium, causing ethanol and pg production to be lower. ethanol productivity and accumulation values of 1.94 g/(l x h) and 40 g/l, respectively, were attained in yd, whereas the best fermentation efficie ... | 2004 | 15126703 |
| nutrition and feed management strategies to reduce nutrient excretions and odors from swine manure. | manipulation of the pig's diet to reduce nutrient excretions and odors is feasible and practical. avoiding excessive dietary protein, using high quality protein sources, and feeding low protein, amino acid supplemented diets are practices that will reduce the n in excreta. avoiding excessive overages of dietary p, balancing diets on an available p basis, and use of phytase as a dietary supplement offers potential for further reducing the p in manure. use of reduced or organic forms of cu, zn, fe ... | 2004 | 15137450 |
| tracing back seed and pollen flow within the crop-wild beta vulgaris complex: genetic distinctiveness vs. hot spots of hybridization over a regional scale. | hybrids between transgenic crops and wild relatives have been documented successfully in a wide range of cultivated species, having implications on conservation and biosafety management. nonetheless, the magnitude and frequency of hybridization in the wild is still an open question, in particular when considering several populations at the landscape level. the beta vulgaris complex provides an excellent biological model to tackle this issue. weed beets contaminating sugar beet fields are expecte ... | 2004 | 15140082 |
| dietary fiber stabilizes blood glucose and insulin levels and reduces physical activity in sows (sus scrofa). | the aim of this study was to test whether a diet with a high level of fermentable dietary fiber can stabilize interprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, prevent declines below basal levels, and reduce physical activity in limited-fed breeding sows. stable levels of glucose and insulin may prevent interprandial feelings of hunger and, consequently, increased activity. catheterized sows (n = 10) were fed twice daily (0700 and 1900 h) 900 g of a diet with either a low (l-sows) or a high level ... | 2004 | 15173415 |
| expression in sugar beet of the introduced cercosporin toxin export (cfp) gene from cercospora kikuchii, the causative organism of purple seed stain in soybean. | the cercospora kikuchii cercosporin export gene, cfp, introduced into beta vulgaris l. by conjugation with rhizobium radiobacter, was stably maintained during vegetative propagation as verified by pcr using primers specific for the cfp gene. transcriptional expression of the cfp gene in leaves was determined by rt-pcr using cfp-specific primers. cfp protein was detected using western analysis with an affinity-purified polypeptide-specifc antibody. analysis of the relative susceptibility of cfp-t ... | 2004 | 15195972 |
| pectinase production by aspergillus niger using wastewater in solid state fermentation for eliciting plant disease resistance. | an elicitor of plant disease resistance, pectinase, was produced by solid state fermentation with aspergillus niger. sugar beet pulp was used as carbon source and the wastewater from monosodium glutamate production was used as nitrogen and water source. the composition of the fermentation medium was: 11 ml concentrated wastewater (containing nh3-n 38.2 mg/ml), sugar beet pulp 10 g, na2hpo4.12h2o 0.2 g, kh2po4 0.04 g in a 500 ml erlenmeyer flask. the fermentation temperature was 30 degrees c and ... | 2004 | 15207294 |
| improvement of soil characteristics and growth of dorycnium pentaphyllum by amendment with agrowastes and inoculation with am fungi and/or the yeast yarowia lipolytica. | the effectiveness of two microbiologically treated agrowastes [dry olive cake (doc) and/or sugar beet (sb)] on plant growth, soil enzymatic activities and other soil characteristics was determined in a natural soil from a desertified area. dorycnium pentaphyllum, a legume plant adapted to stress situations, was the test plant to evaluate the effect of inoculation of native arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and/or yarowia lipolytica (a dry soil adapted yeast) on amended and non-amended soils. pla ... | 2004 | 15212910 |
| field performance of chitinase transgenic silver birches (betula pendula): resistance to fungal diseases. | a field trial of 15 transgenic birch lines expressing a sugar beet chitinase iv gene and the corresponding controls was established in southern finland to study the effects of the level of sugar beet chitinase iv expression on birch resistance to fungal diseases. the symptoms caused by natural infections of two fungal pathogens, pyrenopeziza betulicola (leaf spot disease) and melampsoridium betulinum (birch rust), were analysed in the field during a period of 3 years. the lines that had shown a ... | 2004 | 15221141 |
| a monoclonal antibody to feruloylated-(1-->4)-beta-d-galactan. | we report the isolation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody, designated lm9, against feruloylated-(1-->4)-beta-d-galactan. this epitope is a structural feature of cell wall pectic polysaccharides of plants belonging to the family amaranthaceae (including the chenopodiaceae). immuno-assays and immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that lm9 binding is specific to samples and cell walls obtained from species belonging to this family. in a series of competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked i ... | 2004 | 15221383 |
| comparison of application methods to prolong the survival of potential biocontrol bacteria on stored sugar-beet seed. | to develop bacterial inoculation treatments on sugar-beet seed that will maintain a commercially acceptable degree of viability for a minimum of 4 months storage at ambient temperature. | 2004 | 15239695 |
| specific response of a novel and abundant lactobacillus amylovorus-like phylotype to dietary prebiotics in the guts of weaning piglets. | using 16s rrna gene-based approaches, we analyzed the responses of ileal and colonic bacterial communities of weaning piglets to dietary addition of four fermentable carbohydrates (inulin, lactulose, wheat starch, and sugar beet pulp). an enriched diet and a control diet lacking these fermentable carbohydrates were fed to piglets for 4 days (n = 48), and 10 days (n = 48), and the lumen-associated microbiota were compared using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of amplified ... | 2004 | 15240251 |
| decision making in controlling virus yellows of sugar beet in the uk. | virus yellows is an important disease affecting yield in sugar beet in the uk. myzus persicae (sulzer) is the most effective and efficient aphid vector of the three viruses causing the disease: beet yellows virus, beet mild yellowing virus and beet chlorosis virus. control of virus yellows disease is thus focused on the study and control of this aphid species. uk national surveys of virus yellows began in 1946 and these data helped to formulate disease forecasting schemes to optimise control. ov ... | 2004 | 15260306 |
| bradyrhizobium betae sp. nov., isolated from roots of beta vulgaris affected by tumour-like deformations. | some varieties of sugar beet, beta vulgaris, cultivated in northern spain have large deformations that resemble the tumours produced by agrobacterium species. in an attempt to isolate the agent responsible for these deformations, several endophytic slow-growing bacterial strains were isolated, the macroscopic morphology of which resembled that of bradyrhizobium species. these strains were not able to produce tumours in nicotiana tabacum plants and, based on phylogenetic analysis of their 16s rrn ... | 2004 | 15280302 |
| homologous expression of the feruloyl esterase b gene from aspergillus niger and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. | the faeb gene encoding the feruloyl esterase b (faeb) was isolated from aspergillus niger brfm131 genomic dna. the faeb gene, with additional sequence coding for a c-terminal histidine tag, was inserted into an expression vector under the control of the gpd promoter and trpc terminator and expressed in a protease deficient a. niger strain. homologous overproduction allows to reach an esterase activity of 18 nkat ml(-1) against mca as substrate. the improvement factor was 16-fold higher as compar ... | 2004 | 15294290 |
| thermal and chlorophyll-fluorescence imaging distinguish plant-pathogen interactions at an early stage. | different biotic stresses yield specific symptoms, owing to their distinct influence on a plant's physiological status. to monitor early changes in a plant's physiological status upon pathogen attack, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (chl-fi) and thermography, which respectively visualize photosynthetic efficiency and transpiration, were carried out in parallel for two fundamentally different plant-pathogen interactions. these non-destructive imaging techniques were able to visualize infections ... | 2004 | 15295072 |
| construction of chimeric cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases by insertion of a chloroplastic redox regulatory cluster. | in order to transform cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases (fbpase)(ec 3.1.3.11) into potential reductively-modulated chloroplast-type enzymes, we have constructed four chimeric fbpases, which display structural viability as deduced by previous modelling. in the x1-type bv1 and hl1 chimera the n-half of cytosolic sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) and human fbpases was fused with the c-half of the pea (pisum sativum l.) chloroplast enzyme, which carries the cysteine-rich light regulatory sequence. ... | 2004 | 15352380 |
| superoxide dismutase transgenes in sugarbeets confer resistance to oxidative agents and the fungus c. beticola. | sugarbeets carrying superoxide dismutase transgenes were developed in order to investigate the possibility of enhancing their resistance to oxidative stress. binary t-dna vectors carrying the chloroplastic and cytosolic superoxide dismutase genes from tomato, were used for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sugarbeet petioles. the transgenic plants were subjected to treatments known to cause oxidative stress, such as the herbicide methyl viologen and a natural photosensitizer toxin produce ... | 2004 | 15359600 |
| in vitro fermentation of various fiber and starch sources by pig fecal inocula. | freeze-dried ileal effluent (1% wt/vol) from cannulated pigs fed rice-based diets with the inclusion of either animal protein (con), animal protein plus potato starch (ps), animal protein plus sugar beet pulp (sbp), or animal protein plus wheat bran (wb) was incubated anaerobically at ph 6.0 in fermenters containing 5% (wt/vol) fecal slurry comprising mineral salts medium and 50 g/l of fresh feces from pigs fed the same diets as the cannulated pigs. samples were collected from the fermenters at ... | 2004 | 15446478 |
| occurrence and distribution of pesticides in the province of bologna, italy, using honeybees as bioindicators. | samples of honeybees (apis mellifera, n = 92) from 14 beehive monitoring stations located in 3 townships in the province of bologna were analyzed from april to october 2000. the concentration of 32 organophosphorus pesticides and 5 carbamates was determined through liquid-liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in positive and negative ion modes. the ... | 2004 | 15499498 |
| evidence for presence of types a and b of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) in iran. | rhizomania a viral disease, caused by beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus (bnyvv), is now widely spread, throughout the sugar beet growing areas of iran. genomes of bnyvv are composed of five rna molecules with specific functions. in this study sequence analyses were conducted on the major coat protein gene (cp21), and parts of rna3 and rna4 of an iranian strain of bnyvv from the fars province. sequence alignments of iran fars cp21 with other isolates showed closed similarities at nucleotide and ... | 2004 | 15550776 |
| suppression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase expression in sugar beet by the fungal pathogen cercospora beticola is mediated at the core promoter of the gene. | the suppression of plant defence reactions plays a crucial role in causing plant diseases. in this report, we show that inducible plant defences are repressed during the development of cercospora leaf spot disease. in the early phase of infection of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves with the phytopathogenic fungus cercospora beticola , a reduction in the expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (bvpal) and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (bvc4h) genes was observed. bvpal reduction was found ... | 2004 | 15604720 |
| generation of organic acids and monosaccharides by hydrolytic and oxidative transformation of food processing residues. | carbohydrate-rich biomass residues, i.e. sugar beet molasses, whey powder, wine yeast, potato peel sludge, spent hops, malt dust and apple marc, were tested as starting materials for the generation of marketable chemicals, e.g. aliphatic acids, sugar acids and mono-/disaccharides. residues were oxidized or hydrolyzed under acidic or alkaline conditions applying conventional laboratory digestion methods and microwave assisted techniques. yields and compositions of the oxidation products differed ... | 2005 | 15607197 |
| environmental implications of gene flow from sugar beet to wild beet--current status and future research needs. | gene flow via seed or pollen is a basic biological process in plant evolution. the ecological and genetic consequences of gene flow depend on the amount and direction of gene flow as well as on the fitness of hybrids. the assessment of potential risks of transgenic plants should take into account the fact that conventional crops can often cross with wild plants. the precautionary approach in risk management of genetically modified plants (gmps) may make it necessary to monitor significant wild a ... | 2003 | 15612276 |
| salmonella enterica serovar kedougou contamination of commercially grown mushrooms. | during investigation of an episode of salmonella enterica serovar kedougou contamination of mushrooms, multiple closely related isolates were obtained from mushrooms and mushroom-growing materials. contamination apparently originated from sugar beet lime, an alkaline material used in mushroom growing. no associated cases of human infection were detected. | 2005 | 15629233 |
| chromatographic separation of nucleosides using a cross-linked xylose isomerase crystal stationary phase. | cross-linked xylose isomerase (ec 5.3.1.5., from streptomyces rubiginosus) crystals (clxic) packed into a 7.8 x 300 mm steel column showed specific affinity towards uridine (urd), cytidine (cyd), adenosine (ado), guanosine (guo), and thymidine. these nucleosides eluted out of the clxic column in the same order as the corresponding nucleoside bases, indicating that the retention depends mainly on the base component of the molecule. the interaction of nucleosides with the clxic material was not ba ... | 2004 | 15638157 |
| a clp gene homologue belonging to the crp gene family globally regulates lytic enzyme production, antimicrobial activity, and biological control activity expressed by lysobacter enzymogenes strain c3. | lysobacter enzymogenes strain c3, a biological control agent for plant diseases, produces multiple extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and displays antimicrobial activity against various fungal and oomycetous species. however, little is known about the regulation of these enzymes or their roles in antimicrobial activity and biocontrol. a study was undertaken to identify mutants of strain c3 affected in extracellular enzyme production and to evaluate their biocontrol efficacy. a single mini-tn5-lacz ... | 2005 | 15640196 |
| nutrient digestibility in sheep fed diets containing roundup ready or conventional fodder beet, sugar beet, and beet pulp. | the objective of this digestibility assessment was to determine whether there are significant differences in the digestibility of roundup ready (glyphosate-tolerant) and conventional sugar beet, fodder beet, and beet pulp produced from sugar beet varieties when fed to sheep (seven wethers per treatment group). three experiments were conducted in this assessment. experiment 1 (35 wethers) compared one glyphosate-tolerant fodder beet variety with four conventional varieties, exp. 2 (42 wethers) co ... | 2005 | 15644513 |
| strategy to select and assess antagonistic bacteria for biological control of rhizoctonia solani kühn. | a screening strategy was developed to assess the potential of plant-associated bacteria to control diseases caused by rhizoctonia solani kühn. about 434 already characterized antagonistic bacterial strains isolated from diverse plant species and microenvironments were evaluated for biocontrol and plant growth promotion by a hierarchical combination of assays. analyzing in vitro antagonism towards different rhizoctonia isolates resulted in a selection of 20 potential biocontrol agents. the strain ... | 2004 | 15644895 |
| pectic zymogram variation and pathogenicity of rhizoctonia solani ag-4 to bean (phaseolus vulgaris) isolates in isfahn, iran. | rhizoctonia disease, caused by rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important fungal diseases in bean fields in isfahan, iran. bean plants showing stem and root cankers were collected and rhizoctonia-like fungi obtained from the samples were identified by anastomosis. pure cultures of bean isolates of r. solani were identified as ag-4. there were also ag-4 isolates from tomato, potato, cucumber, alfalfa and sugar beet in the areas sampled. a total of 163 isolates of r. solani ag-4 originating f ... | 2004 | 15645177 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr assay capable of distinguishing beet necrotic yellow vein virus types a and b. | a multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain assay (mrt-pcr) was developed, based on primers designed to distinguish the a and b types of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). rna was extracted from 72 bnyvv isolates from asia, europe and north america, and the type of each isolate determined using an established detection method based on single strand conformation polymorphisms (sscps). an area of the 'triple gene block' region on rna 2 was amplified and sequenced from 16 isolates of t ... | 2004 | 15664049 |
| herbicide-resistant crops and weed resistance to herbicides. | the adoption of genetically modified (gm) crops has increased dramatically during the last 3 years, and currently over 52 million hectares of gm crops are planted world-wide. approximately 41 million hectares of gm crops planted are herbicide-resistant crops, which includes an estimated 33.3 million hectares of herbicide-resistant soybean. herbicide-resistant maize, canola, cotton and soybean accounted for 77% of the gm crop hectares in 2001. however, sugarbeet, wheat, and as many as 14 other cr ... | 2005 | 15668920 |
| structure of the exopolysaccharide produced by enterobacter amnigenus. | the bacterial species enterobacter amnigenus was isolated from sugar beets harvested in finland. it produced an exopolysaccharide rich in l-fucose, which gave viscous water solutions. its primary structure was determined mainly by nmr spectroscopy and esims of oligosaccharides and a polysaccharide with decreased molecular weight, obtained by smith degradation of the o-deacetylated native polymer [carbohydrate structure: see text] | 2005 | 15680599 |
| comparison of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p75 nucleotide sequences of belgian type a and type b sources. | rna-2 p75 open reading frame sequencing was conducted on bnyvv-infected sugar beet plants originating from 10 belgian sources and was compared with sequences originating from france, kazakhstan, japan and china. this allowed the characterization of types a and b in belgium. sequence analysis confirmed that type a is intermediate between types p and b. the analysis of nucleotide sequences of the capsid protein epitopes and of different motifs involved in the transmission of the virus to the plant ... | 2005 | 15681050 |
| establishment of two ectomycorrhizal shrub species in a semiarid site after in situ amendment with sugar beet, rock phosphate, and aspergillus niger. | a field experiment was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the addition of sugar beet, rock phosphate, and aspergillus niger directly into the planting hole, and the mycorrhizal inoculation of seedlings with scleroderma verrucosum, for promotion of plant growth of cistus albidus l. and quercus coccifera l. and enhancement of soil physicochemical, biochemical, and biological properties, in a degraded semiarid mediterranean area. one year after planting, the available phosphorus content in ... | 2005 | 15690228 |
| assessment of genotypic diversity of antibiotic-producing pseudomonas species in the rhizosphere by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | the genotypic diversity of antibiotic-producing pseudomonas spp. provides an enormous resource for identifying strains that are highly rhizosphere competent and superior for biological control of plant diseases. in this study, a simple and rapid method was developed to determine the presence and genotypic diversity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg)-producing pseudomonas strains in rhizosphere samples. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of 350-bp fragments of phld, a key gene invol ... | 2005 | 15691958 |
| management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant sugar beet for spring and autumn environmental benefit. | when used in genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (gmht) crops, glyphosate provides great flexibility to manipulate weed populations with consequences for invertebrates and higher trophic levels, for example birds. a range of timings of band and overall spray treatments of glyphosate to gmht sugar beet were compared with a conventional weed control programme in four field trials over 2 years. single overall sprays applied between 200 and 250 accumulated day degrees (above a base air temperatu ... | 2005 | 15695200 |
| heterotrophic high cell-density fed-batch cultures of the phycocyanin-producing red alga galdieria sulphuraria. | growth and phycocyanin production in batch and fed-batch cultures of the microalga galdieria sulphuraria 074g, which was grown heterotrophically in darkness on glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sugar beet molasses, was investigated. in batch cultures, specific growth rates and yields of biomass dry weight on the pure sugars were 1.08-1.15 day-1 and 0.48-0.50 g g-1, respectively. they were slightly higher when molasses was the carbon source. cellular phycocyanin contents during the exponential grow ... | 2005 | 15723314 |
| application of aspergillus niger-treated agrowaste residue and glomus mosseae for improving growth and nutrition of trifolium repens in a cd-contaminated soil. | the microbial transformation of sugar beet (sb) agrowaste with or without rock-phosphate (rp) has utility for the improvement of plant growth in a cd (5 microg g-1) artificially contaminated soil, particularly when the soil is co-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus mosseae isolated from a cd-polluted area. under such cd-polluted conditions, the limited growth, mineral nutrition, symbiotic developments (nodulation and am-colonization) and soil enzymatic activities were stimu ... | 2005 | 15748763 |
| occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes (tylenchina) in sugar beet fields in fars province, iran. | on a survey of plant parasitic nematode fauna, belonging to the suborder tylenchina, about 110 soil and root samples were collected from different sugar beet field in fars province in iran. the samples were washed and the nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique according to the modified method by de grisse, 1969. they were fixed and transferred to glycerine, then permanent slides were mounted. morphological and morphometrical characters of collected species were carefully stu ... | 2004 | 15759441 |
| production of transgenetic sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) plants resistant to phosphinothricin. | a method of agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) with vacuum infiltration has been developed. aseptic 3-weeks old etiolated seedlings of two diploid o-type sugarbeet lines (ks3 and ks7) have been used for genetic transformation. transgenic sugarbeet plants carrying the reporter beta-glucuronidase gene have been selected for their resistance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide. integration of transgenes into sugarbeet genome was confirmed with gus assay and ... | 2005 | 15763494 |
| [production of transgenic sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) plants of o-type using agrobacterium tumefaciens]. | a method of agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) by vacuum infiltration has been developed. transgenic sugarbeet plants of ukraine breeding were selected for their resistance either to the antibiotic kanamycin or to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. integration of transgenes was confirmed by pcr and gus-assay. | 2004 | 15771083 |
| site and extent of starch degradation in the dairy cow - a comparison between in vivo, in situ and in vitro measurements. | prediction of the supply of glycogenic precursors to dairy cows and the site of degradation of wheat, maize and potato starch (ps) were determined in an in vivo experiment and the results were compared with data obtained from experiments involving in situ nylon bag and in vitro gas production techniques. in a latin square design experiment four lactating dairy cows fitted with a rumen cannula and t-piece cannulae in the duodenum and terminal ileum, received either a low-starch control diet or di ... | 2005 | 15787988 |
| beet-vinasse (condensed molasses solubles) as an ingredient in diets for cattle and pigs - nutritive value and limitations. | sugar beet vinasse, originating as the condensed molasses residue from yeast production, was fed to bulls and pigs to determine the feed value. it contained, per kg dry matter (dm content 66.8%), 293 g crude protein, 305 g n-free extract (therefrom 34.4 g total sugar), and 395 g crude ash. the experiment was carried out with three fattening bulls (german holstein) and four adult pigs (gottingen minipig). in bulls, two balance trials lasting 20 days each (10 days adaptation; 10 days collection) w ... | 2005 | 15787991 |
| assessment of novel foods in animal nutrition. | composition of feeds from gmo crops were determined as well as digestion and feeding experiments were carried out with broilers (bt-corn), layers (bt-corn, pat-corn), pigs (bt-corn, pat-sugar beet, soybeans), sheep (bt-corn silage, pat-corn silage), growing bulls (bt-corn silage) and fistulated cows (bt-corn silage). up to now, no significant differences in nutritional value between feeds from isogenic and transgenic plants of the first generation were observed. the so-called substantial equival ... | 2003 | 15806924 |
| an outbreak of pontiac fever with respiratory distress among workers performing high-pressure cleaning at a sugar-beet processing plant. | in august 2000, the minnesota department of health was notified of and investigated an outbreak of febrile respiratory illness among workers at a sugar-beet processing plant. | 2005 | 15809913 |
| the 5'-leader sequence of sugar beet mitochondrial atp6 encodes a novel polypeptide that is characteristic of owen cytoplasmic male sterility. | cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is a mitochondrially encoded trait, which is characterized by a failure of plants to produce viable pollen. we have investigated the protein profile of mitochondria from sugar beet plants with normal (fertile) or cms cytoplasm, and observed that a 35-kda polypeptide is expressed in owen cms plants but not in normal plants. the variant 35-kda polypeptide was found in cms mitochondria placed in five different nuclear backgrounds. interestingly, this polypeptide pro ... | 2005 | 15838639 |
| molecular characterization and systemic induction of single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) in sugar beet (beta vulgaris) leaves. | sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves contain virus-inducible type 1 (single chain) ribosome-inactivating proteins that have been named beetins. the structural and functional characterization, the cellular location, and the potential role of beetins as antiviral agents are reported here. beetins are formed of a single polypeptide chain with a varying degree of glycosylation and strongly inhibited in vitro protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates (ic50=1.15 ng ml(-1)) and a vicia sativa l. ... | 2005 | 15863448 |
| a regional-scale study on the crop uptake of cadmium from sandy soils: measurement and modeling. | plant uptake is one of the major pathways by which cadmium (cd) in soils enters the human food chain. this study was conducted to investigate the uptake of cd by crops from soils within the wastewater irrigation area (wia) of braunschweig (germany) and to develop a simple process-oriented model that is suited to predict cd uptake at the regional scale. the sandy soils within the wia (4300 ha) have received considerable loads of heavy metals by irrigation using municipal wastewater for up to 40 y ... | 2005 | 15888888 |
| sugar beet ca-pectate gel as a cost-effective immobilized-cell matrix for metal biosorption. | whole bacterial (pseudomonas putida) and yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells were immobilized by entrapment in gel beads of ca-pectate obtained from sugar beet pulp and gel beads of commercial ca-alginate (of algal origin). these immobilized-cell particles were tested for cd2+ removal from dilute aqueous solutions and their mechanical properties were evaluated. only ca-pectate gel beads loaded with yeast cells displayed enhanced cadmium-binding efficiency (13.8 mg cd2+ per g dry matter) as co ... | 2001 | 15954604 |
| the presence of acetobacter sp. in ensiled forage crops and ensiled industrial byproducts. | the presence of acetic acid bacteria (aab) in whole crop maize silage, whole crop wheat silage, pressed sugar beet pulp silage, grass silage and brewer's grains silage was investigated. aab could be isolated from whole crop maize silage, whole crop wheat silage and pressed sugar beet pulp silage, but could not be detected in grass silage (> 100 silo's tested) or brewer's grains silage (5 silo's tested). thirty aab isolates were characterized to genus level. all isolates, i.e. 20 from whole crop ... | 2001 | 15954628 |
| isolation, characterization, and cloning of {alpha}-l-arabinofuranosidase expressed during fruit ripening of japanese pear. | alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (alpha-l-arafase) was purified from fruit of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). the enzyme solubilized from the cell wall by nacl and triton x-100 had the homogeneity of a single 62-kd polypeptide on sds-page after purification through the steps of hydroxyapatite, anion-exchange chromatography, and size-exclusion chromatography. a related cdna clone was isolated (pparf2). the transcript and related protein were detected solely in the ripening fruit corresponding to the ... | 2005 | 15965025 |
| sequence divergence of four soilborne sugarbeet-infecting viruses. | soilborne viruses are among the most harmful pathogens of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.ssp. vulgaris) but most of them lack information on genetic variability due to paucity of sequence data. only one isolate of beet soil borne virus (bsbv; genus pomovirus), beet virus q (bvq; genus pomovirus) and beet soil borne mosaic virus (bsbmv; genus benyvirus) has been characterised for the coat protein (cp) gene. in this study, the cp gene sequences of three isolates each of bsbv and beet necrotic yellow v ... | 2005 | 15965609 |
| suppression of damping-off disease in host plants by the rhizoplane bacterium lysobacter sp. strain sb-k88 is linked to plant colonization and antibiosis against soilborne peronosporomycetes. | we previously demonstrated that xanthobaccin a from the rhizoplane bacterium lysobacter sp. strain sb-k88 suppresses damping-off disease caused by pythium sp. in sugar beet. in this study we focused on modes of lysobacter sp. strain sb-k88 root colonization and antibiosis of the bacterium against aphanomyces cochlioides, a pathogen of damping-off disease. scanning electron microscopic analysis of 2-week-old sugar beet seedlings from seeds previously inoculated with sb-k88 revealed dense coloniza ... | 2005 | 16000790 |
| genes involved in cyclic lipopeptide production are important for seed and straw colonization by pseudomonas sp. strain dss73. | survival in natural bulk soil and colonization of sugar beet seeds and barley straw residues were determined for pseudomonas sp. strain dss73 and tn5 mutants in amsy (encoding a peptide synthetase involved in production of the cyclic lipopeptide amphisin) and gacs (encoding the sensory kinase of the two-component gaca/gacs regulatory system). no differences in survival or growth in response to carbon amendment (citrate) were observed in bulk soil. however, both mutants were impaired in their col ... | 2005 | 16000829 |
| soil amendments reduce trace element solubility in a contaminated soil and allow regrowth of natural vegetation. | we tested the effects of three amendments (a biosolid compost, a sugar beet lime, and a combination of leonardite plus sugar beet lime) on trace element stabilisation and spontaneous revegetation of a trace element contaminated soil. soil properties were analysed before and after amendment application. spontaneous vegetation growing on the experimental plot was studied by three surveys in terms of number of taxa colonising, percentage vegetation cover and plant biomass. macronutrients and trace ... | 2006 | 16005126 |
| the first true obligately syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov., co-cultured with methanospirillum hungatei, and emended description of the genus pelotomaculum. | a gram-positive, spore-forming, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov. strain hh(t), was isolated as a co-culture with methanospirillum hungatei jf-1(t) from anaerobic, freeze-dried granular sludge obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating sugar beet wastewater. the bacterium converted propionate to acetate in co-culture with methanospirillum hungatei jf-1(t) or methanobacterium formicicum mf(nt), but not in co-culture with methanobrevibact ... | 2005 | 16014504 |
| [production of transgenic sugarbeet plants (beta vulgaris l.) using agrobacterium rhizogenes]. | normal phenotype sugarbeet plants transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes were produced using direct regeneration from explants without hairy root phase. kanamycin resistant plants and ri-roots carrying the genes of neomycin phosphotransferase ii and b-glucuronidase have been obtained. integration of transgenes into sugarbeet genome was confirmed with gus-assay and pcr using primers for the introduced genes. | 2005 | 16018172 |
| molasses increases hdl cholesterol in rats research note. | two experiments were conducted to determine whether molasses might exert effects on serum lipoproteins. in experiment 1, 24 rats were divided into two groups and fed diets containing liquid molasses from sugar beet or sucrose (7.71 g of molasses dry matter or sucrose per kg of diet). the second experiment included four groups of rats (n = l2/group) and was conducted in a bifactorial design, with the factors being molasses (non-supplementation vs. supplementation of 77.1 g of molasses dry matter ... | 2005 | 16028637 |
| overproduction and characterization of xylanase b from aspergillus niger. | the xynb gene, which encodes endo-beta-1,4-xylanase xynb, in aspergillus niger brfm281 was amplified by rt-pcr using mrna isolated from a culture containing sugar beet pulp as an inducer. the cdna was cloned into an expression cassette under the control of the strong and constitutive glyceraldhehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene promoter. the expression system was designed to produce the recombinant enzyme xynb with a six-histidine peptide fused to the carboxy end of the protein. homologous ove ... | 2005 | 16091777 |
| isolation and structure determination of complexed poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) from beet (beta vulgaris l.). | complexed poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s (cphas), one of two types of natural phas, occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes as a complex with biomacromolecules and could be involved in various physiological functions. in this study, a cpha-component derived from a complex with calcium polyphosphate was isolated from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) and determined to be a homopolymer composed of 3-hydroxybutyrate. maldi ms provided the number-average molecular weight (mn = 9,124 da) and polydispersity i ... | 2005 | 16134090 |
| assessing potential exposure of birds to pesticide-treated seeds. | seed treatments are widely used for crop protection and present a particular risk to granivorous birds. uk risk assessment for seed treatments has tended to focus on highly granivorous species; however, under some conditions, non-granivorous birds will take seeds. better data is needed on which species eat seeds for which pesticide treatments are used. to identify which species will take and eat a range of crop seeds in common usage in the uk, birds visiting bait stations at which untreated seed ... | 2005 | 16151611 |
| phylogenetic analysis of isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus collected worldwide. | a study of molecular diversity was carried out on 136 sugar beets infected with beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv, benyvirus) collected worldwide. the nucleotide sequences of the rna-2-encoded cp, rna-3-encoded p25 and rna-5-encoded p26 proteins were analysed. the resulting phylogenetic trees allowed bnyvv to be classified into groups that show correlations between the virus clusters and geographic origins. the selective constraints on these three sequences were measured by estimating the r ... | 2005 | 16186246 |
| cultivation of the carotenoid-hyperproducing mutant 2a2n of the red yeast xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (phaffia rhodozyma) with molasses. | the carotenoid-hyperproducing mutant 2a2n of the yeast xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (phaffia rhodozyma) was cultivated using sugar beet blackstrap molasses. this molasses was composed of 70% (w/v) total solid and 50% (w/v) total sugar. biomass yield (biomass/carbohydrate) significantly decreased at >5% (v/v) molasses. atomic emission spectrometry revealed that na and p were the limiting nutrients when molasses was used. molasses (5%, v/v) containing urea (30 g/l molasses) and sodium phosphate ( ... | 2001 | 16233070 |
| the role of clp-regulated factors in antagonism against magnaporthe poae and biological control of summer patch disease of kentucky bluegrass by lysobacter enzymogenes c3. | a global regulator was previously identified in lysobacter enzymogenes c3, which when mutated, resulted in strains that were greatly reduced in the expression of traits associated with fungal antagonism and devoid of biocontrol activity towards bipolaris leaf-spot of tall fescue and pythium damping-off of sugarbeet. a clp gene homologue belonging to the crp gene family was found to globally regulate enzyme production, antimicrobial activity, and biological control activity expressed by lysobacte ... | 2005 | 16234871 |
| [genetic transformation of sugar beet: evolution of theoretical and experimental approaches]. | the review is dedicated to several aspects of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) biotechnology: in vitro cultivation, callus induction, plant regeneration and genetic transformation. media composition, methods of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and protoplast culture are analysed. the use of agrobacterium tumefaciens and gold particle bombardment is the base for modern genetic transformation methods. | 2005 | 16250243 |
| transcriptome profiling of bacterial responses to root exudates identifies genes involved in microbe-plant interactions. | molecules exuded by plant roots are thought to act as signals to influence the ability of microbial strains to colonize the roots and to survive in the rhizosphere. differential bacterial responses to signals from different plant species may mediate the selection of specific rhizosphere populations. very little, however, is known about the effects of plant exudates on patterns of bacterial gene expression. here, we have tested the concept that plant root exudates modulate expression of bacterial ... | 2005 | 16301542 |
| methodological scheme for designing the monitoring of genetically modified crops at the regional scale. | according to ec regulations the deliberate release of genetically modified (gm) crops into the agro-environment needs to be accompanied by environmental monitoring to detect potential adverse effects, e.g. unacceptable levels of gene flow from gm to non-gm crops, or adverse effects on single species or species groups thus reducing biodiversity. there is, however, considerable scientific and public debate on how gm crops should be monitored with sufficient accuracy, discussing questions of potent ... | 2005 | 16311819 |