| factors associated with intramammary infection in dairy cows caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis, streptococcus dysgalactiae, corynebacterium bovis, or escherichia coli. | the aim of this study was to determine risk factors for bovine intramammary infection (imi) associated with the most common bacterial species in finland. large databases of the finnish milk-recording system and results of microbiological analyses of mastitic milk samples from valio ltd. (helsinki, finland) were analyzed. the study group comprised 29,969 cows with imi from 4,173 dairy herds. a cow with a quarter milk sample in which dna of target species was detected in the pathoproof mastitis pc ... | 2017 | 28341052 |
| prevalence of bovine mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk in china. | the objectives of this study were to estimate the herd prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk (btm) in china dairy herds, to determine the relationship between the presence of mastitis pathogens and bulk tank milk somatic cell counts (btscc), and to investigate the impact of different dairy cattle farming modes and region on bacterial species. btm samples collected from 894 dairy herds in china were examined for the presence of mastitis pathogens. the flinders technology associ ... | 2016 | 27187065 |
| in vitro photoinactivation of bovine mastitis related pathogens. | bovine mastitis is considered the most important disease of worldwide dairy industry. treatment of this disease is based on the application intramammary antibiotic, which favors an increase in the number of resistant bacteria in the last decade. photodynamic inactivation (pdi) has been investigated in different areas of health sciences, and has shown great potential for inactivating different pathogens, without any selection of resistant microorganisms. the objective of this study was to investi ... | 2016 | 26315923 |
| effects of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on probability of conception in holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis (cm), occurring in different weekly intervals before or after artificial insemination (ai), on the probability of conception in holstein cows. clinical mastitis occurring in weekly intervals from 6 wk before until 6 wk after ai was modeled. the first 4 ai in a cow's lactation were included. the following categories of pathogens were studied: streptococcus spp. (comprising streptococcus dysgalactiae, st ... | 2014 | 25173468 |
| milk haptoglobin, milk amyloid a, and n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity in bovines with naturally occurring clinical mastitis diagnosed with a quantitative pcr test. | the associations between quantitative bacteriological results from a real-time pcr test and concentrations of acute-phase proteins (app) and n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (nagase) activity in milk in naturally occurring clinical mastitis were investigated. milk app concentrations and nagase activity in clinical mastitis caused by different udder pathogens were studied. the associations between the severity of the clinical signs and concentrations of app and nagase activity were estimated. milk sa ... | 2013 | 23548292 |
| examining the effect of intramammary infections with minor mastitis pathogens on the acquisition of new intramammary infections with major mastitis pathogens--a systematic review and meta-analysis. | major mastitis pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus uberis, streptococcus dysgalactiae, and the coliforms are usually considered more virulent and damaging to the udder than minor mastitis pathogens such as corynebacterium bovis and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns). the current literature contains several studies detailing analyses with conflicting results as to whether intramammary infection (imi) with the minor pathogens decreases, increases, o ... | 2012 | 22981582 |
| more bark than bite: comparative studies are needed to determine the importance of canine zoonoses in aboriginal communities. a critical review of published research. | the objective of this review was to identify and critique over forty years of peer-reviewed literature concerned with the transmission of canine zoonoses to aboriginal people and determine the zoonotic organisms documented in dogs in australian aboriginal communities. a systematic literature search of public health, medical and veterinary databases identified 19 articles suitable for critical appraisal. thirteen articles documented the occurrence of recognized zoonotic organisms in dogs in abori ... | 2017 | 28342271 |
| management of acute hematogenous infection following total knee arthroplasty: a case series of 11 patients. | acute hematogenous infection is a devastating complication that can occur after total knee arthroplasty (tka). the best strategies for management of this infection remain controversial. two-stage revision has been well described as the gold standard for the management of chronic late infections. however, there is a paucity of information presently available on the management and outcomes of patients treated for acute hematogenous infections. the purpose of the present study was to report the out ... | 2016 | 28032700 |
| activity of oritavancin against gram-positive clinical isolates responsible for documented skin and soft-tissue infections in european and us hospitals (2010-13). | to assess oritavancin activity in vitro against clinically relevant gram-positive pathogens causing skin and soft-tissue infections (sstis) in european and us hospitals. | 2015 | 25362568 |
| construction of a chimeric lysin ply187n-v12c with extended lytic activity against staphylococci and streptococci. | developing chimeric lysins with a wide lytic spectrum would be important for treating some infections caused by multiple pathogenic bacteria. in the present work, a novel chimeric lysin (ply187n-v12c) was constructed by fusing the catalytic domain (ply187n) of the bacteriophage lysin ply187 with the cell binding domain (146-314aa, v12c) of the lysin plyv12. the results showed that the chimeric lysin ply187n-v12c had not only lytic activity similar to ply187n against staphylococcal strains but al ... | 2015 | 25219798 |
| vang element insertions within a conserved chromosomal site conferring vancomycin resistance to streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus anginosus. | three vancomycin-resistant streptococcal strains carrying vang elements (two invasive streptococcus agalactiae isolates [gbs-ny and gbs-nm, both serotype ii and multilocus sequence type 22] and one streptococcus anginosus [sa]) were examined. the 45,585-bp elements found within sa and gbs-ny were nearly identical (together designated vang-1) and shared near-identity over an ~15-kb overlap with a previously described vang element from enterococcus faecalis. unexpectedly, vang-1 shared much less h ... | 2014 | 25053786 |
| physicochemical factors differentially affect the biomass and bacteriocin production by bovine enterococcus mundtii crl1656. | bovine enterococcus mundtii crl1656 (centro de referencia para lactobacilos culture collection) produces an anti-listeria and anti-streptococcus dysgalactiae bacteriocin identified as mundticin crl1656. the strain and its bacteriocin are candidates to be included in a beneficial product to prevent bovine mastitis as an alternative to antimicrobial agents. to optimize the production of biomass and mundticin crl1656 by e. mundtii crl1656, a complete 3 × 2(4) factorial design was applied. the effec ... | 2014 | 24359825 |
| evaluation of microbiological, cellular and risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes. | this study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and cellular milk profile for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes and to assess risk factors for predisposition of the disease. | 2017 | 28183165 |
| non-culture-based identification of mastitis-causing bacteria by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection limit of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) for direct identification, without previous microbiological culture, of bovine mastitis-causing bacteria from milk samples. milk samples (n = 15) were experimentally contaminated with staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus dysgalactiae, and escherichia coli to have bacterial counts ranging from 1 ... | 2017 | 28161160 |
| use of rumination and activity monitoring for the identification of dairy cows with health disorders: part ii. mastitis. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the performance of an automated health-monitoring system (ahms) to identify cows with mastitis based on an alert system (health index score, his) that combines rumination time and physical activity; (2) the number of days between the first his alert and clinical diagnosis (cd) of mastitis by farm personnel; and (3) the daily rumination time, physical activity, and his patterns around cd. holstein cows (n=1,121; 451 nulliparous and 670 multiparous ... | 2016 | 27372584 |
| short communication: n-acetylcysteine-mediated modulation of antibiotic susceptibility of bovine mastitis pathogens. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-acetylcysteine (nac) on antibiotic susceptibility of bovine mastitis pathogens including staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus dysgalactiae, escherichia coli, and streptococcus agalactiae. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were tested by the agar-based e-test method. the presence of 10mm nac reduced the mic of penicillin and ampicillin but enhanced the mic of erythromycin and ciprofloxacin for all of the strains. in addition, nac-med ... | 2016 | 27016837 |
| proposal for agar disk diffusion interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing of bovine mastitis pathogens using cefoperazone 30μg disks. | cefoperazone is a third generation cephalosporin which is commonly used for bovine mastitis therapy. bacterial pathogens involved in bovine mastitis are frequently tested for their susceptibility to cefoperazone. so far, the cefoperazone susceptibility testing using 30μg disks has been hampered by the lack of quality control (qc) ranges as well as the lack of interpretive criteria. in 2014, qc ranges for 30 μg cefoperazone disks have been established for staphylococcus aureus atcc(®) 25923 and e ... | 2017 | 26987627 |
| influence of intramammary infection of a single gland in dairy cows on the cow's milk quality. | intramammary infection (imi), comprises a group of costly diseases affecting dairy animals worldwide. many dairy parlours are equipped with on-line computerised data acquisition systems designed to detect imi. however, the data collected is related to the cow level, therefore the contribution of infected glands to the recorded parameters may be over estimated. the present study aimed at evaluating the influence of single gland imi by different bacteria species on the cow's overall milk quality. ... | 2015 | 26134490 |
| visualizing the indefinable: three-dimensional complexity of 'infectious diseases'. | the words 'infection' and 'inflammation' lack specific definitions. here, such words are not defined. instead, the ability to visualize host-microbial interactions was explored. | 2015 | 25875169 |
| mediation analysis to estimate direct and indirect milk losses due to clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. | milk losses associated with mastitis can be attributed to either effects of pathogens per se (i.e., direct losses) or effects of the immune response triggered by intramammary infection (indirect losses). the distinction is important in terms of mastitis prevention and treatment. regardless, the number of pathogens is often unknown (particularly in field studies), making it difficult to estimate direct losses, whereas indirect losses can be approximated by measuring the association between increa ... | 2015 | 25638330 |
| reduction of teat skin mastitis pathogen loads: differences between strains, dips, and contact times. | the purpose of these experiments was to (1) assess differences in mastitis pathogen strain sensitivities to teat disinfectants (teat dips), and (2) determine the optimum time for premilking teat dips to remain in contact with teat skin to reduce pathogen loads on teat skin. two experiments were conducted using the excised teat model. in experiment 1, the differences in mastitis pathogen strain sensitivities to 4 commercially available dips (dip a: 1% h2o2; dip b: 1% chlorine dioxide; dip c: 1% i ... | 2015 | 25497825 |
| in vitro susceptibility of bovine mastitis pathogens to a combination of penicillin and framycetin: development of interpretive criteria for testing by broth microdilution and disk diffusion. | dry cow therapy is an important part of mastitis control. this therapy typically consists of an antibiotic or antibiotics administered at a single dose by intramammary infusion at dry off to treat or prevent infection by prevalent mastitis pathogens. a combination dry cow therapy consisting of the active components penicillin and framycetin is currently used in several countries. despite its use, standardized methods for the susceptibility testing of this combination against mastitis pathogens h ... | 2014 | 25129497 |
| evaluation of the minnesota easy culture system ii bi-plate and tri-plate for identification of common mastitis pathogens in milk. | the objective of this study was to validate use of the minnesota easy culture system ii bi-plate and tri-plate (university of minnesota laboratory for udder health, st. paul) to identify common mastitis pathogens in milk. a total of 283 quarter and composite milk samples submitted to the university of minnesota laboratory for udder health during the spring of 2010 were cultured simultaneously using 3 methods: standard laboratory culture (reference method) and the minnesota easy culture system ii ... | 2014 | 24731643 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of inhibition zone diameters of bovine mastitis pathogens in flanders, belgium. | in dairy farms, antimicrobial drugs are frequently used for treatment of (sub)clinical mastitis. determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens is needed to come to a correct use of antimicrobials. strains of staphylococcus aureus (n=768), streptococcus uberis (n=939), streptococcus dysgalactiae (n=444), escherichia coli (n=563), and klebsiella species (n=59) originating from routine milk samples from (sub)clinical mastitis were subjected to the disk diffusion method. disks c ... | 2014 | 24703745 |
| noninferiority trial comparing a first-generation cephalosporin with a third-generation cephalosporin in the treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the noninferiority of 2 intramammary treatments for nonsevere clinical mastitis. the 2 treatments were a first-generation cephalosporin (cephapirin sodium, 2 treatments 12h apart) and a third-generation cephalosporin (ceftiofur hydrochloride, treatments once a day for 5d). a total of 296 cases on 7 farms met the enrollment criteria for the study. streptococcus dysgalactiae was the most common bacterial species identified in milk samples from cows with ... | 2013 | 23958017 |
| naturally occurring mastitis disrupts developmental competence of bovine oocytes. | we examined the effects of naturally occurring mastitis on bovine oocyte developmental competence in vitro. specifically, we investigated the effects of intramammary infection on the ovarian pool of oocytes (i.e., follicle-enclosed oocytes) and their ability to undergo in vitro maturation, fertilization, and further development to the blastocyst stage. culled holstein cows (n=50) from 9 commercial dairy farms in israel were allotted to 3 groups according to somatic cell count (scc) records of th ... | 2013 | 23957998 |
| susceptibility to antimicrobial agents among bovine mastitis pathogens isolated from north american dairy cattle, 2002-2010. | approximately 8,000 isolates of streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus dysgalactiae, streptococcus uberis, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli, isolated by 25 veterinary laboratories across north america between 2002 and 2010, were tested for in vitro susceptibility to beta-lactam, macrolide, and lincosamide drugs. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the beta-lactam drugs remained low against most of the gram-positive strains tested, and no substantial changes in the mic dis ... | 2013 | 23907894 |
| comparison of the epidemiological behavior of mastitis pathogens by applying time-series analysis in results of milk samples submitted for microbiological examination. | the objective of this study is to examine and compare the trends of mastitis pathogens in quarter milk samples (n = 240,232) submitted for microbiological examination at the milk analysis laboratory (l.i.g.a.l.) at galicia, spain from june 2005 to september 2011. autoregressive integrated moving average (arima) models and multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis were used in order to detect seasonal trends and similarities between the series trends and to classify mastitis pa ... | 2013 | 23779256 |
| minimum inhibitory concentrations of cephalosporin compounds and their active metabolites for selected mastitis pathogens. | to compare the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of cephapirin and ceftiofur with mics of their active metabolites (desacetylcephapirin and desfuroylceftiofur) for selected mastitis pathogens. | 2013 | 23627380 |
| relationship between concentration of lingual antimicrobial peptide and somatic cell count in milk of dairy cows. | lingual antimicrobial peptide (lap) belongs to the β-defensin family in cattle and is found in milk. lap concentrations increase in milk from mastitic udders; however, the relationship between lap concentrations and the somatic cell count (scc) in milk remains to be elucidated in detail. therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between lap concentrations and the scc in bovine milk to assess whether lap may be used as an indicator of scc. milk was collected from ... | 2013 | 23528609 |
| immunotherapy of mastitis. | the aim of this study was to examine an alternative, immunologically based treatment for mastitis. a microbead carrying specific anti-mastitis bacteria antibodies and an enhancer of phagocytosis, termed y-complex, was tested in two experiments. in experiment 1, 21 cows were challenged with streptococcus dysgalactiae and treated with y-complex, cobactan lc(®) or saline. y-complex cleared the bacteria by day 4 and by day 10 only one cow was positive and remained positive up to day 28. no bacteria ... | 2013 | 23523288 |
| immunological complex for enhancement of innate immune response in passive vaccination. | passive vaccination is used to treat a wide range of infections and cancer. however, this approach has some limitations. an immune complex termed y-complex was developed to intensify the effect of the passive vaccine. the complex is composed of a microbead that carries specific antibodies and an inducer. it enables targeting of pathogen or abnormal cells, and stimulation of a desired response by innate immune cells, depending on the inducer. the production and efficacy of y-complex as a passive ... | 2013 | 23212028 |
| microbial diversity of bovine mastitic milk as described by pyrosequencing of metagenomic 16s rdna. | dairy cow mastitis is an important disease in the dairy industry. different microbial species have been identified as causative agents in mastitis, and are traditionally diagnosed by bacterial culture. the objective of this study was to use metagenomic pyrosequencing of bacterial 16s rrna genes to investigate bacterial dna diversity in milk samples of mastitic and healthy dairy cows and compare the results with those obtained by classical bacterial culture. one hundred and thirty-six milk sample ... | 2012 | 23082192 |
| quality of bulk tank milk samples from danish dairy herds based on real-time polymerase chain reaction identification of mastitis pathogens. | results of a commercial real-time pcr analysis for 11 mastitis pathogens from bulk tank milk (btm) samples from all 4,258 danish dairy herds in november 2009 to january 2010 were compared with somatic cell count (scc) and total bacteria count (tbc) estimates in btm. for streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus dysgalactiae, and streptococcus uberis, a low real-time pcr cycle threshold (ct) value (corresponding to high bacterial dna quantity) was correlated with higher scc and higher tbc. for stap ... | 2012 | 22921631 |
| bioeconomic modeling of intervention against clinical mastitis caused by contagious pathogens. | the objective of this study was to assess the epidemiologic and economic consequences of intervention against contagious clinical mastitis during lactation. a bioeconomic model of intramammary infections (imi) was used to simulate contagious spread of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis, and streptococcus dysgalactiae, and an environmental spread of escherichia coli imi in a 100-cow dairy herd during 1 quota year. the costs of clinical imi, subclinical imi, and intervention were calculat ... | 2012 | 22863098 |
| evaluation of minor pathogen intramammary infection, susceptibility parameters, and somatic cell counts on the development of new intramammary infections with major mastitis pathogens. | major mastitis pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis, streptococcus dysgalactiae, and coliforms are usually considered more virulent and damaging to the udder than minor mastitis pathogens such as corynebacterium spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns). the current literature comprises several studies (n=38) detailing analyses with conflicting results as to whether intramammary infections (imi) with the minor pathogens decrease, increase, or have no effect on the ... | 2012 | 22720933 |
| susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci to a kanamycin and cefalexin combination. | a combination of kanamycin and cefalexin was licensed in europe in 2008 to treat bovine clinical mastitis. preliminary broth and disk clinical breakpoints for this antibiotic combination have been proposed for staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus dysgalactiae, streptococcus uberis, and escherichia coli. this study indicates that these proposed breakpoints also hold for coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns), a group of bacteria frequently isolated in milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis ... | 2012 | 22612980 |
| lantibiotics from geobacillus thermodenitrificans. | the lantibiotic nisin has been used as an effective food preservative to combat food-borne pathogens for over 40 y. despite this successful use, nisin's stability at ph 7 is limited. herein, we describe a nisin analog encoded on the genome of the thermophilic bacterium geobacillus thermodenitrificans ng80-2. this analog termed geobacillin i was obtained by heterologous expression in escherichia coli and subsequent purification. extensive nmr characterization demonstrated that geobacillin i conta ... | 2012 | 22431611 |
| genetic analysis of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis in norwegian red cows. | the objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for pathogen-specific clinical mastitis (cm) in norwegian red cows. in norway, breeding values for mastitis are predicted based on records of veterinary treatments of clinical mastitis. bacteriological milk sample results from the mastitis laboratories have been recorded routinely into the norwegian dairy herd recording system since 2000, but have so far not been used in genetic analyses. this additional source o ... | 2012 | 22365234 |
| genetic parameters for pathogen-specific mastitis resistance in danish holstein cattle. | the objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities for and genetic correlations among different pathogen-specific mastitis traits. the traits were unspecific mastitis, which is all mastitis treatments regardless of the causative pathogen as well as mastitis caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae, escherichia coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns), staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus uberis. also groups of pathogens were investigated, gram-negative v. gram-positive and contagious ... | 2009 | 22444442 |
| genome sequence and virulence factors of a group g streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strain with a new element carrying erm(b). | a streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) strain wchsdse-1, which caused an outbreak of tonsillopharyngitis among healthcare workers in china, was subjected to genome sequencing and analysis. wchsdse-1 belongs to the lancefield group g, emm type stg211.1 and sequence type 44. wchsdse-1 has virulence factors for adherence, impairing the recruitment of neutrophils to infection sites and toxins including streptolysins o and s and exotoxin g. wchsdse-1 has a 45.4-kb element resembling a ... | 2016 | 26843282 |
| activity of oritavancin tested against uncommonly isolated gram-positive pathogens responsible for documented infections in hospitals worldwide. | to assess the oritavancin spectrum and activity against 2811 rarer species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons), streptococci and other gram-positive species. | 2014 | 24505091 |
| daptomycin activity against uncommonly isolated streptococcal and other gram-positive species groups. | a total of 1,356 clinical isolates were tested against daptomycin by broth microdilution methods. daptomycin was active against seven groups of viridans group streptococci (mic50 and mic90 values ranging from ≤0.06 and ≤0.06 μg/ml [streptococcus bovis and streptococcus dysgalactiae] to 0.5 and 1 μg/ml [streptococcus mitis, streptococcus oralis, and streptococcus parasanguinis], respectively), beta-hemolytic streptococci serogroups c, f, and g (mic50 and mic90, ≤0.06 to 0.25 and 0.12 to 0.25 μg/m ... | 2013 | 24080651 |
| glyceradehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a suitable vaccine candidate for protection against bacterial and parasitic diseases. | the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-p-dehydrogenase (gapdh) has been identified as having other properties in addition to its key role in glycolysis. the ability of gapdh to bind to numerous extracellular matrices, modulation of host-immune responses, a role in virulence and surface location has prompted numerous investigators to postulate that gapdh may be a good vaccine candidate for protection against numerous pathogens. although immune responses against gapdh have been described for many microorgani ... | 2016 | 26686572 |
| in vitro antibacterial analysis of phenoloxidase reaction products from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | three phenoloxidases (pos) of apostichopus japonicus, ajpos (ajpo1, ajpo2 and ajpo3), were partially purified from the coelomocytes with an electrophoretic method, and then employed for the in vitro antibacterial analysis. using l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) as a substrate, ajpo1 and ajpo2-derived compounds inhibited the growth of vibrio splendidus and staphylococcus aureus, while ajpo3-derived compounds only inhibited the growth of v. splendidus. when dopamine was used as a substrate, a ... | 2014 | 24931626 |
| short communication: role of mycoplasma arginini in mastitis caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae. | we performed a comparative study on the development of mastitis induced by mycoplasma arginini or streptococcus dysgalactiae after challenging the cows. mycoplasma arginini did not cause any clinical symptoms on its own, resulting in only a transient increase of somatic cell count (scc; increase ranging from 0.5 × 10(6) to 0.8 × 10(6) cells/ml) and a slight decrease of milk production (10%) for 5 d. in contrast, strep. dysgalactiae induced more severe clinical signs in animals and scc increased ... | 2013 | 23357020 |
| [streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis]. | a 46-year-old woman was urgently admitted to our hospital due to acute renal failure, liver dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock status, and impaired consciousness. about 1 day prior to admission, she developed a high-grade fever, bilateral lower leg pain, and multiple small papules. she was diagnosed with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss) caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) associated with acute myeloid leukemia. the emm gene type of the ... | 2013 | 23470831 |
| pulsed xenon flash treatment inactivates bacteria in apheresis platelet concentrates while preserving in vitro quality and functionality. | pulsed xenon (xe) flash without any photoreactive compounds has been shown to inactivate a type of bacteria spiked into platelet (plt) suspension in plasma, but enhanced the plt storage lesion (psl). predicting reduction of psl with increasing bactericidal ability, pulsed xe flash was filtered through a band-stop filter, which excluded ultraviolet (uv)a, uvb, and visible light. | 2017 | 28084008 |
| sensitivity and specificity of pcr analysis and bacteriological culture of milk samples for identification of intramammary infections in dairy cows using latent class analysis. | real-time pcr analysis of milk samples is a fast method to identify intramammary infections (imi) in dairy cows, and has the potential to be used for routine analysis of test milking composite milk samples. however, the results of the pcr analysis can be difficult to interpret. the objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp) of pcr analysis of composite milk samples, and conventional bacteriological culturing (bc) of quarter milk samples, when used to identif ... | 2016 | 27931924 |
| udder infections with staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus dysgalactiae, and streptococcus uberis at calving in dairy herds with suboptimal udder health. | udder infections with staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus dysgalactiae, and streptococcus uberis are common causes of bovine mastitis. to study these pathogens in early lactation, a 12-mo longitudinal, observational study was carried out in 13 herds with suboptimal udder health. the aims of the study were to investigate the occurrence of these pathogens and to identify if presence of the 3 pathogens, and of genotypes within the pathogens, differed with respect to herd, season, and parity. quart ... | 2016 | 26805990 |
| etiology of cellulitis and clinical prediction of streptococcal disease: a prospective study. | background. the importance of bacteria other than group a streptococci (gas) in different clinical presentations of cellulitis is unclear, commonly leading to treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. the aim of this study was to describe the etiological and clinical spectrum of cellulitis and identify clinical features predicting streptococcal etiology. methods. we prospectively enrolled 216 patients hospitalized with cellulitis. clinical details were registered. bacterial culture was perfor ... | 2016 | 26734653 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel pleuromutilin derivatives. | in this study we describe the design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity of novel pleuromutilin analogs. a series of new compounds containing piperazine and alkylamino or arylamino groups was synthesized. the new compounds were characterized via (1)h-nmr, (13)c-nmr, fourier transform (ft)-ir and ms, and were further evaluated for their in vitro activity against seven gram-positive, and one gram-negative, pathogens. antibacterial data revealed that all compounds exhibited moderate to good anti ... | 2015 | 26133714 |
| the neutrophil function and lymphocyte profile of milk from bovine mammary glands infected with streptococcus dysgalactiae. | streptococcus dysgalactiae is a bacterium that accounts for a notable proportion of both clinical and subclinical intramammary infections (imis). thus, the present study explores the function of milk neutrophils and the lymphocyte profile in mammary glands naturally infected with streptococcus dysgalactiae. here, we used 32 culture-negative control quarters from eight clinically healthy dairy cows with low somatic cell counts and 13 s. dysgalactiae-infected quarters from six dairy cows. using fl ... | 2015 | 26119656 |
| susceptibility to antimicrobials of mastitis-causing staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis and str. dysgalactiae from new zealand and the usa as assessed by the disk diffusion test. | to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of three common mastitis pathogens (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis and str. dysgalactiae) isolated from milk samples from new zealand and the usa. | 2015 | 26113347 |
| phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility and occurrence of selected resistance genes in gram-positive mastitis pathogens isolated from wisconsin dairy cows. | in the united states, few intramammary antimicrobials exist that are approved for treatment of bovine mastitis; thus, ensuring judicious use of these products is a priority. the objectives of this study were to determine phenotypic susceptibility and presence of selected antimicrobial resistance genes from staphylococci, streptococci, and streptococcal-like organisms recovered from cases of clinical mastitis occurring in cows on large wisconsin farms. staphylococcus aureus (n=35 from 19 herds), ... | 2015 | 25912858 |
| cross-protective effect of a novel multi-antigen-chimeric vaccine against streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. | staphylococcal and streptococcal species are the most common pathogens that cause bovine mastitis. induction of a broad-spectrum protective immunity against staphylococci and streptococci by combining multiple antigens into a single vaccine is highlighted. to develop a universal vaccine candidate, a gapc1-tisdb-trap (git) construct was generated. the git contained the truncated gapc from streptococcus dysgalactiae, and truncated isdb and full-length trap from staphylococcus aureus. the humoral a ... | 2014 | 25288644 |
| chromosomal islands of streptococcus pyogenes and related streptococci: molecular switches for survival and virulence. | streptococcus pyogenes is a significant pathogen of humans, annually causing over 700,000,000 infections and 500,000 deaths. virulence in s. pyogenes is closely linked to mobile genetic elements like phages and chromosomal islands (ci). s. pyogenes phage-like chromosomal islands (spyci) confer a complex mutator phenotype on their host. spyci integrate into the 5' end of dna mismatch repair (mmr) gene mutl, which also disrupts downstream operon genes lmrp, ruva, and tag. during early logarithmic ... | 2014 | 25161960 |
| antibacterial activities of coagulase-negative staphylococci from bovine teat apex skin and their inhibitory effect on mastitis-related pathogens. | to explore antibacterial activities of coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) from teat apices of dairy cows towards mastitis-causing pathogens. | 2014 | 24443828 |
| antimicrobial resistance in staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus uberis and streptococcus dysgalactiae from dairy cows with mastitis. | to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of antimicrobials for common mastitis pathogens from dairy cows in new zealand; and to assess the effect of source of the isolates, i.e. commercial veterinary laboratories or collected as part of research studies; the clinical status of the cow, i.e. subclinical or clinical mastitis; cow age and herd on the distribution of the mic. | 2014 | 24215609 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant-derived diterpenes against bovine mastitis bacteria. | we evaluated the antibacterial activity of three diterpenes isolated from natural sources against a panel of microorganisms responsible for bovine mastitis. ent-copalic acid (ca) was the most active metabolite, with promising mic values (from 1.56 to 6.25 µg ml-1) against staphylococcus aureus (atcc and clinical isolate), staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus agalactiae, and streptococcus dysgalactiae. we conducted time-kill assays of ca against s. aureus, a commensal organism considered to ... | 2013 | 23884123 |
| molecular screening of ovine mastitis in different breeds. | clinical and subclinical mastitis directly affect mammary gland function and have a great economic impact on the sheep and goat dairy industries. the present study explores molecular diagnosis of ovine subclinical mastitis as a faster and more precise screening method compared with microbiology and biochemical techniques to assess the molecular and chemical properties of raw milk samples from healthy animals from 3 breeds of sheep raised in portugal. based on 16s ribosomal rna screening by pcr, ... | 2013 | 23245954 |
| mode of action and in vitro susceptibility of mastitis pathogens to macedocin st91km and preparation of a teat seal containing the bacteriocin. | mastitis is considered to be the most economically costly disease affecting the dairy industry. regular dosage of animals with antibiotics, including use of prophylactic concentrations, may select for resistant strains. the purpose of this study was to determine the mode of action of a new bacteriocin (macedocin st91km), to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of mastitis pathogens to antibiotics commonly used in treatment remedies, and to introduce the possible use of an alternative antimicrob ... | 2010 | 24031473 |
| temporal trends of β-haemolytic streptococcal osteoarticular infections in western norway. | beta-haemolytic streptococci are important contributors to the global burden of osteoarticular infections (oai). knowledge on the disease traits specific for streptococcal oai, however, remains scarce. we wished to explore temporal trends of oai caused by group a streptococci (gas), group b streptococci (gbs) and group c and g streptococci (gcgs), and furthermore, to describe the associated host and pathogen characteristics. | 2016 | 27716100 |
| preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin- and florfenicol-loaded hydrogenated castor oil-solid lipid nanoparticles. | to effectively control bovine mastitis, tilmicosin (til)- and florfenicol (ff)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (sln) with hydrogenated castor oil (hco) were prepared by a hot homogenization and ultrasonication method. in vitro antibacterial activity, properties, and pharmacokinetics of the til-ff-sln were studied. the results demonstrated that til and ff had a synergistic or additive antibacterial activity against streptococcus dysgalactiae, streptococcus uberis, and streptococcus agalactiae. t ... | 2016 | 27687707 |
| comparative erythromycin and tylosin susceptibility testing of streptococci from bovine mastitis. | tylosin, a 16-membered macrolide, is - besides other indications - used for the treatment of bovine mastitis. so far, there is only limited information available on the tylosin susceptibility of streptococci isolated from mastitis. the aim of the present study was to comparatively investigate 303 streptococci from bovine mastitis, including 101 streptococcus agalactiae, 100 streptococcus dysgalactiae and 102 streptococcus uberis, for their tylosin and erythromycin susceptibility by broth microdi ... | 2016 | 26732695 |
| development of primer sets for loop-mediated isothermal amplification that enables rapid and specific detection of streptococcus dysgalactiae, streptococcus uberis and streptococcus agalactiae. | streptococcus dysgalactiae, streptococcus uberis and streptococcus agalactiae are the three main pathogens causing bovine mastitis, with great losses to the dairy industry. rapid and specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods (lamp) for identification and differentiation of these three pathogens are not available. with the 16s rrna gene and 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacers as targets, four sets of lamp primers were designed for identification and differentiation of s. dysgalactiae, s ... | 2015 | 26016433 |
| synergistic streptococcal phage λsa2 and b30 endolysins kill streptococci in cow milk and in a mouse model of mastitis. | bovine mastitis results in billion dollar losses annually in the usa alone. streptococci are among the most relevant causative agents of this disease. conventional antibiotic therapy is often unsuccessful and contributes to development of antibiotic resistance. bacteriophage endolysins represent a new class of antimicrobials against these bacteria. in this work, we characterized the endolysins (lysins) of the streptococcal phages λsa2 and b30 and evaluated their potential as anti-mastitis agents ... | 2015 | 25895090 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge): application in population structure studies of bovine mastitis-causing streptococci. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) separates large dna molecules by the use of an alternating electrical field, such that greater size resolution can be obtained when compared to normal agarose gel electrophoresis. pfge is often employed to track pathogens and is a valuable typing scheme to detect and differentiate strains. particularly, the contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (chef) pfge system is considered to be the gold standard for use in epidemiological studies of many bacteria ... | 2015 | 25399106 |
| conjugative transfer of icesde3396 between three β-hemolytic streptococcal species. | integrative conjugative elements (ices) are mobile genetic elements (mges) that possess all genes necessary for excision, transfer and integration into recipient genome. they also carry accessory genes that impart new phenotypic features to recipient strains. ices therefore play an important role in genomic plasticity and population structure. we previously characterised icesde3396, the first ice identified in the β-hemolytic streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis (sdse) and demonstrated i ... | 2014 | 25115242 |
| quarter, cow, and farm risk factors for intramammary infections with major pathogens relative to minor pathogens in thai dairy cows. | a cross-sectional study was carried out from may to september 2011 on 35 smallholder dairy farms in chiang mai, thailand, to identify the quarter, cow, and farm factors that relate to intramammary infections (imi) from major specified pathogens, compared to infections from minor pathogens. data on general farm management, milking management, and dry cow management were recorded for each herd. quarter milk samples were collected from either clinical or subclinical mastitis quarters. dependent var ... | 2014 | 24823898 |
| streptococcus zooepidemicus and streptococcus equi evolution: the role of crisprs. | the host-restricted bacterium streptococcus equi is the causative agent of equine strangles, the most frequently diagnosed infectious disease of horses worldwide. the disease is characterized by abscessation of the lymph nodes of the head and neck, leading to significant welfare and economic cost. s. equi is believed to have evolved from an ancestral strain of streptococcus zooepidemicus, an opportunistic pathogen of horses and other animals. comparison of the genome of s. equi strain 4047 with ... | 2013 | 24256234 |
| genetic diversity and virulence properties of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis from different sources. | a recent increase in virulence of pathogenic streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) has been widely proposed. such an increase may be partly explained by the acquisition of new virulence traits by horizontal gene transfer from related streptococci such as streptococcus pyogenes (gas) and streptococcus agalactiae (gbs). a collection of 54 sdse strains isolated in italy in the years 2000-2010 from different sources (paediatric throat carriage, invasive and non-invasive diseases) was ... | 2014 | 24149625 |
| in vitro characterization of plysk1249, a novel phage lysin, and assessment of its antibacterial activity in a mouse model of streptococcus agalactiae bacteremia. | beta-hemolytic streptococcus agalactiae is the leading cause of bacteremia and invasive infections. these diseases are treated with β-lactams or macrolides, but the emergence of less susceptible and even fully resistant strains is a cause for concern. new bacteriophage lysins could be promising alternatives against such organisms. they hydrolyze the bacterial peptidoglycan at the end of the phage cycle, in order to release the phage progeny. by using a bioinformatic approach to screen several be ... | 2013 | 24100496 |
| structural analysis of the lipoteichoic acids isolated from bovine mastitis streptococcus uberis 233, streptococcus dysgalactiae 2023 and streptococcus agalactiae 0250. | lipoteichoic acid (lta) is an amphiphilic polycondensate located in the cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria. in this study, ltas were isolated from the three bovine mastitis species streptococcus uberis 233, streptococcus dysgalactiae 2023, and streptococcus agalactiae 0250. structural investigations of these ltas were performed applying 1d and 2d nuclear magnetic resonance experiments as well as chemical analyses and mass spectrometry. compositional analysis revealed the presence of glycero ... | 2012 | 23036931 |
| antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of streptococci from bovine mastitis. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs), streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (group c streptococcus, gcs) and streptococcus uberis are relevant mastitis pathogens, a highly prevalent and costly disease in dairy industry due to antibiotherapy and loss in milk production. the aims of this study were the evaluation of antimicrobial drug resistance patterns, particularly important for streptococcal mastitis control and the identification of strain molecular features. antimic ... | 2013 | 22964008 |
| interspecies mobilization of an ermt-carrying plasmid of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis by a coresident ice of the icesa2603 family. | the recently documented presence of almost identical, small, non-self-transmissible, erm(t)-carrying plasmids in clonally unrelated erythromycin-resistant isolates of streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus agalactiae suggests that these plasmids somehow circulate in the streptococcal population. the objective of this study was to characterize the erm(t)-carrying genetic element in a clinical isolate of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sde5580) and to provide a possible explanatio ... | 2013 | 22949621 |
| gene repertoire evolution of streptococcus pyogenes inferred from phylogenomic analysis with streptococcus canis and streptococcus dysgalactiae. | streptococcus pyogenes, is an important human pathogen classified within the pyogenic group of streptococci, exclusively adapted to the human host. our goal was to employ a comparative evolutionary approach to better understand the genomic events concomitant with s. pyogenes human adaptation. as part of ascertaining these events, we sequenced the genome of one of the potential sister species, the agricultural pathogen s. canis, and combined it in a comparative genomics reconciliation analysis wi ... | 2012 | 22666370 |
| streptolysin s of streptococcus anginosus exhibits broad-range hemolytic activity. | streptococcus anginosus is a commensal of mucous membranes and an emerging human pathogen. some strains, including the type strain, display a prominent β-hemolytic phenotype. a gene cluster (sag), encoding a variant of streptolysin s (sls) has recently been identified as the genetic background for β-hemolysin production in s. anginosus. in this study, we further characterized the hemolytic and cytolytic activity of the s. anginosus hemolysin in comparison with other streptococcal hemolysins. the ... | 2015 | 25381594 |
| antibiotic susceptibilities, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin gene profiles among clinical isolates of group c or g streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis & of group g s. anginosus group at a tertiary care centre. | group c and group g streptococci (together gcgs) are often regarded as commensal bacteria and their role in streptococcal disease burden is under-recognized. while reports of recovery of gcgs from normally sterile body sites are increasing, their resistance to macrolides, fluoroquinolone further warrants all invasive β haemolytic streptococci to be identified to the species level and accurately tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. this study was aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical pr ... | 2014 | 24820839 |
| fournier's gangrene of the penis caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis: case report and incidence study in a tertiary-care hospital. | fournier's gangrene is a rare necrotizing soft tissue infection of the scrotum and penis. we report, to our knowledge, the first case of fournier's gangrene caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse), a strain of pyogenic β-hemolytic streptococci that is increasingly being recognized as an important human pathogen. | 2013 | 23957431 |
| [problems with identification of beta-hemolytic streptococcus resistant to bacitracin isolated from patients with pharyngitis]. | the genus streptococcus comprises a number of species characterized by a differential pathogenic potential. these bacteria can be considered as members of microbial physiological flora but they can also cause mild infections or severe, life threatening conditions. the majority of infections of streptococcal etiology are caused by beta-hemolysing species. the predominant causative agent of bacterial pharyngitis is streptococcus pyogenes. this species usually doesn't give rise to any identificatio ... | 2012 | 22808724 |
| multiplex pcr-based identification of streptococcus canis, streptococcus zooepidemicus and streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies from dogs. | streptococcus canis (s. canis), streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) and streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies (s. dysgalactiae subspecies) are β-haemolytic gram positive bacteria infecting animals and humans. s. canis and s. zooepidemicus are considered as two of the major zoonotic species of streptococcus, while more research is needed on s. dysgalactiae subspecies bacteria. in this work, a multiplex-pcr protocol was tested on strains and clinical samples to detect s. ... | 2017 | 28131378 |
| identification of group g streptococci isolates from companion animals in japan and their antimicrobial resistance. | this study determined species-level identification and antimicrobial resistance (amr) properties in group g streptococci (ggs) isolates from companion animals in japan. strains were isolated from sterile/non-sterile specimens of 72 animals with clinical symptoms or signs in april-may, 2015. we identified them based on 16s rrna sequencing, mass spectrometry (ms), and an automated method based on their biochemical properties. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined with broth microdilution met ... | 2016 | 28003600 |
| sharing a microbe with man's best friend: a case of canine streptococcal infection in a diabetic patient. | we report a case of a diabetic patient with an infected leg wound leading to septicemia and abscess formation in the contra-lateral leg due to streptococcus canis. this organism belongs to the lancefield group g and is more commonly found in dogs. it is often mistaken for streptococcus dysgalactiae which is a human strain of streptococci. infections in humans are not common and usually involve infected wounds or ulcers and the surrounding soft tissue. in most reported cases, patients had close c ... | 2015 | 26556125 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry identification of large colony beta-hemolytic streptococci containing lancefield groups a, c, and g. | the aim of this study was to investigate whether large colony beta-hemolytic streptococci containing lancefield groups a, c, and g can be adequately identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof). previous studies show varying results, with an identification rate from below 50% to 100%. | 2015 | 25960250 |
| bacterial diskospondylitis in juvenile mink from 2 ontario mink farms. | nine juvenile mink with hind-limb paresis/paralysis from 2 ontario farms were submitted for necropsy. diagnostic tests revealed spinal compression and severe thoracic diskospondylitis with intralesional gram-positive coccoid bacterial colonies. streptococcus canis, streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, and hemolytic staphylococcus spp. were isolated from vertebral lesions. | 2013 | 24155490 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of streptococcus canis confirms the zoonotic origin of human infections and reveals genetic exchange with streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. | streptococcus canis is an animal pathogen that occasionally causes human infections. isolates recovered from infections of animals (n = 78, recovered from 2000 to 2010 in three european countries, mainly from house pets) and humans (n = 7, recovered from 2006 to 2010 in portugal) were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods and characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multilocus sequence typing (mlst), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and emm typing. s. canis isolate ... | 2013 | 23345291 |
| group g streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis, the clinical significance of a rare infection: endocarditis, polyarteritis, septic bursitis and pneumonia with complicated parapneumonic effusion. | | 2017 | 28348265 |
| recurrent early prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis. | | 2017 | 28183423 |
| welcome to volume 12 of the journal future microbiology. | | 2017 | 27997247 |
| prevalence of macrolide-lincosamide resistance and multidrug resistance phenotypes in streptococcal isolates causing infections in european hospitals: evaluation of the in vitro activity of oritavancin and comparator agents. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of resistance to erythromycin alone (m) and to erythromycin and clindamycin (cmlsb) as well as multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotypes (resistance to at least three classes of drugs) among clinical enterococci from european countries and adjacent geographic regions. the in vitro activity of oritavancin against these isolates was also evaluated. a total of 2569 streptococci collected from 12 european countries as well as russia, turkey and israel ... | 2017 | 27939809 |
| species and emm-type distribution of group c and g streptococci from different sites of isolation. | beta-haemolytic streptococci of groups c (gcs) and g (ggs) from human infections typically belong to streptococcus dysgalactiae and are important human pathogens. among ggs (183 isolates), several emm-types were identified without significant differences between different sites of isolation. for gcs (79 isolates), the type-distribution was markedly different and more restricted. | 2016 | 27712926 |
| kinetic controlled tag-catcher interactions for directed covalent protein assembly. | over the last few years, a number of different protein assembly strategies have been developed, greatly expanding the toolbox for controlling macromolecular assembly. one of the most promising developments is a rapid protein ligation approach using a short polypeptide spytag and its partner, spycatcher derived from streptococcus pyogenes fibronectin-binding protein, fbab. to extend this technology, we have engineered and characterized a new tag-catcher pair from a related fibronectin-binding pro ... | 2016 | 27783674 |
| survival of streptococcus suis, streptococcus dysgalactiae and trueperella pyogenes in dry-cured iberian pork shoulders and loins. | dry-cured hams, shoulders and loins of iberian pigs are highly appreciated in national and international markets. salting, additive addition and dehydration are the main strategies to produce these ready-to-eat products. although the dry curing process is known to reduce the load of well-known food borne pathogens, studies evaluating the viability of other microorganisms in contaminated pork have not been performed. in this work, the efficacy of the dry curing process to eliminate three swine pa ... | 2017 | 27697171 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of environmental streptococci recovered from bovine milk samples in the maritime provinces of canada. | determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of bovine mastitis pathogens is important for guiding antimicrobial treatment decisions and for the detection of emerging resistance. environmental streptococci are ubiquitous in the farm environment and are a frequent cause of mastitis in dairy cows. the aim of the study was to determine patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility among species of environmental streptococci isolated from dairy cows in the maritime provinces of canada. the collection co ... | 2016 | 27695696 |
| refractory toxic shock-like syndrome from streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis and intravenous immunoglobulin as salvage therapy: a case series. | infections from streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis (sdse) can cause a wide variety of infections, ranging from mild cellulitis to invasive disease, such as endocarditis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (tsls). despite prompt and appropriate antibiotics, mortality rates associated with shock have remained exceedingly high, prompting the need for adjunctive therapy. ivig has been proposed as a possible adjunct, given its ability to neutralize a wide variety of superantigens and ... | 2016 | 27597908 |
| molecular and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from swine. | streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis and dysgalactiae were isolated from swine clinical specimens. the subspecies equisimilis presented 2 clonal patterns with 85% genetic similarity, whereas subspecies dysgalactiae presented distinct band pattern with less than 80% similarity with equisimilis genotypes. isolates presented high mic values to tetracyclines, danofloxacin, spectinomycin, tiamulin, and clindamycin. | 2016 | 27539863 |
| toxic shock syndrome: an unusual organism. | streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is a rapidly fatal disease causing hypotension with multi organ dysfunction (mods) early in the course of infection, which by definition is caused by group a streptococcus (gas). we describe a case of toxic shock like syndrome (tsls) in which the causative organism was not a gas. a 71-year-old woman with hepatitis c and primary biliary cirrhosis had sudden onset of slurred speech and left arm and facial numbness. she had bilateral erythematous macular rash pres ... | 2016 | 27432040 |
| cloning and expression of β-defensin from soiny mullet (liza haematocheila), with insights of its antibacterial mechanism. | beta-defensins are important part of innate immunity of fish, which are the first defense line against invading pathogens. in this study, the β-defensin (lhβ-defensin) gene was cloned from spleen tissue of soiny mullet (liza haematocheila). lhβ-defensin cdna was 747 bp in length, encoding 63 amino acids. sequence alignment revealed that lhβ-defensin contained six conserved cysteine residues and shared 97.5% sequence identities with grouper (epinephelus coioides) β-defensin. realtime pcr revealed ... | 2016 | 27322675 |
| endosd: an igg glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. | the aim of this study was to identify and characterize endos-like enzymes in streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (sdsd). | 2016 | 27200457 |