| selective sensitivity to hydrocortisone of regulatory functions that determine the magnitude of the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | previous studies on the basis for the immunosuppressive potential of adrenal corticosteroids have stressed that the effects of these agents on immune functions depend on the animal species being considered, as well as the subpopulations of lymphocytes involved in the expression of immune functions examined. in the present work, we have evaluated the effect of a single dose of hydrocortisone on three different immunoregulatory functions that can influence the magnitude of an antibody response to ... | 1978 | 29068 |
| prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (pneumovax). | | 1978 | 29072 |
| otitis media in infants less than 12 weeks of age: differing bacteriology among in-patients and out-patients. | | 1978 | 29086 |
| emergence of multiply resistant pneumococci. | multiple antimicrobial resistance in pneumococci was detected in johannesburg in july, 1977, and prompted an investigation of the prevalence of resistant strains in two hospitals. carriers of types 6a and 19a penicillin-resistant pneumococci, resistant to antibiotic concentrations ranging between 0.12 and 4 microgram per milliliter were found in 29 per cent of 543 pediatric patients and 2 per cent of 434 hospital staff members. multiply resistant type 19a strains, resistant to beta-lactam antibi ... | 1978 | 29219 |
| and the walls come tumbling down. more antibiotic resistance, and now the pneumococcus. | | 1978 | 29220 |
| indications for pneumococcal vaccine in patients with impaired splenic function. | | 1978 | 29221 |
| pneumococcal vaccine: a note of caution. | | 1978 | 29222 |
| purulent meningitis from a bacteriological viewpoint. | | 1978 | 29383 |
| unusual cases of pneumococcal pheumonia. | | 1978 | 29396 |
| evaluation of the counterimmunoelectrophoretic (cie) procedure in a clinical laboratory setting. | the counterimmunoelectrophoretic (cie) procedure was evaluated under clinical laboratory conditions to determine its validity and comparability with culture methods. the procedure was further evaluated to determine applicability to a variety of clinical samples. an inexpensive set-up was developed to utilize the cie procedure at bench level. results indicated the procedure to be sensitive in detecting haemophilus influenzae, type b, and neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), group b. the proced ... | 1978 | 29483 |
| antibiotic resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | | 1978 | 29689 |
| genetic studies of acridine-induced mutants in streptococcus pneumoniae. | the mutagenic properties of acridines on pneumococcus are described. all seven acridines tested were mutagenic at the amia locus conferring a resistance to 10(-5) m aminopterin. the effects of quinacrine were more specifically investigated. it was observed that: mutants can be obtained only by treatment of exponentially growing cells; a sharp maximum mutagenic effect occurs at a concentration slightly lower than the bacteriostatic value; and the amount of quinacrine required to yield the maximum ... | 1978 | 29824 |
| immunoelectrophoresis for detection of polysaccharides in immune complexes. | a procedure for detecting pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in immune complexes is described. separation of antigen from immune complexes is achieved by electrophoresis at 56 degrees c. | 1978 | 29910 |
| frequencies of pneumococcal types causing serious infections in patients admitted to the radcliffe infirmary, oxford, 1969-77. | during a 7 1/2 year period pneumococci were isolated from body fluids of 124 patients at the radcliffe infirmary, oxford -72 with pneumonia, 26 with meningitis and 26 with other serious infections. eighty-one (65%) of the patients were over 50, and 33 (27%) were over 70 years old. of the 124 pneumococcal strains 104 (84%), including 23 (79%) of those from patients who died, belonged to types included in the vaccines successfully used in south africa and in papua new guinea. the relative frequenc ... | 1978 | 29927 |
| effect of splenectomy on the expression of regulatory t cell activity. | the effect of adult splenectomy on the expression of suppressor and amplifier t cell activity was examined with respect to the serum antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii) by using a sensitive radioimmunoassay. suppressor t cell activity, as measured by the degree of low-dose paralysis induced, was not impaired in the least by splenectomy; however, amplifier t cell activity was almost completely eliminated within 7 days after splenectomy. these findings indicate that ... | 1978 | 29928 |
| demonstration of opsonic activity and in vivo protection against group b streptococci type iii by streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 antisera. | the present studies demonstrate that antisera directed against streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 is opsonic for group b streptococci type iii in a neutrophile-mediated bactericidal assay. specificity was demonstrated by the observations that group b streptococci type iii and s. pneumoniae type 14 adsorbed the opsonic activity of anti-s. pneumoniae type 14 antisera. group b streptococci strain 090r (devoid of type antigens) and s. pneumoniae type 3, did not remove the opsonic activity of anti-s. p ... | 1978 | 29937 |
| a penicillin-resistant pneumococcus. | | 1978 | 29951 |
| pneumococcal vaccine after splenectomy. | | 1978 | 29975 |
| viruses and bacteria associated with acute respiratory illnesses in young children in general practice. | the results obtained and the laboratory methods used for the isolation of viruses and bacteria from malaysian children with acute respiratory illnesses seen in a private clinic are described. of the 65 children studied virus isolations were obtained from 26 children, bacteria from 10 and both virus and bacteria from another 5. the agents isolated were influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, bordetella pertussis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and staphylococcus ... | 1978 | 30173 |
| the jeremiah metzger lecture: of gold and pneumococci: a history of pneumococcal vaccines in south africa. | | 1978 | 30204 |
| bacteriology of maxillary sinusitis in relation to quality of the retained secretion. | the bacteriological findings in 200 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis are reported. it is concluded that the sampling technique--by antral aspiration--is highly significant in the evaluation of the bacteriological background of sinusitis, whereas the anerobic transport of the sample seems to be of less importance. by aspiration the purulent secretion can be properly separated from the non-purulent secretion. pneumococci, h. influenzae and anaerobic bacteria can be isolated in about 90% of ... | 1978 | 30255 |
| bacterial meningitis: the beginning of the end. | | 1978 | 30281 |
| penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. | | 1977 | 30432 |
| induction of normal levels of genetic transformation in a class of endonuclease-defective mutants of pneumococci. | | 1978 | 30455 |
| antibiotic resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | | 1978 | 30516 |
| effects of surface-active agents on neutrophil receptors. | an easily performed assay to identify the c3b and fc receptors on human neutrophils was developed. salmonella typhimurium were treated with fluorescein and then incubated in nonimmune fresh human serum, which led to c3b fixation via activation of the alternative pathway. similarly, type ii pneumococci were treated with fluorescein and opsonized with type-specific rabbit antiserum. neutrophils bearing c3b and fc receptors formed rosettes with the respective bacteria, which were easily readable be ... | 1978 | 30696 |
| protective ability of salmonella ribosomal protein and rna in inbred mice. | ribosomal vaccines prepared from salmonella typhimurium were effective immunogens in a/j, c3h/hedub, and c3h/hej mice. purified ribosomal components were also tested as immunogens in the inbred mice. protein isolated from a salmonella ribosomal fraction could protect all three mouse strains. although purified rna was shown to be protective for a/j and c3h/hedub mice, it was not protective for c3h/hej mice. protective immunity could be induced in a/j and c3h/hedub mice by various immunostimulants ... | 1978 | 30697 |
| multiple-antibiotic resistance--now the pneumococcus. | | 1978 | 30745 |
| the absorption and sputum penetration of doxycycline. | | 1978 | 30746 |
| enchancement of streptococcal transformation yield by proteolytic enzymes. | trypsin and other proteolytic enzymes, added together with transforming dna or during cell-dna contact to competent cultures of several streptococcal strains, enchanced (10 to 600%) the yield of genetic transformation (stimulation). with few exceptions, the level of stimulation was high (over 100%) when competence was low (below 2%). stimulation was caused by the action of an enzyme on competent cells and not on any other component of transformation mixture. the phenomenon occurred when the enzy ... | 1978 | 30748 |
| transformation in pneumococcus: protein content of eclipse complex. | a two-step purification of pneumococcal eclipse complex is described, which uses sucrose gradient sedimentation followed by agarose gel permeation chromatography. purified complex contains, in addition to donor dna single strands, macromolecular material that can be labeled with methionine or leucine during development of competence. this material co-chromatographed with eclipse complex dna on hydroxylapatite, was dissociated from the dna by sodium dodecyl sulfate, and was completely digested by ... | 1978 | 30753 |
| comparison of the secondary structures and binding sites of c-reactive protein and the phosphorylcholine-binding murine myeloma proteins. | | 1978 | 30801 |
| modification of otitis media following vaccination with the capsular polysaccharide of streptococcus pneumoniae in chinchillas. | an animal model was used to determine whether vaccination with the capsular polysaccharide of streptococcus pneumoniae could alter the development of experimental otitis media induced by the same type of s. pneumoniae as the vaccine. following vaccination with the capsular polysaccharide of s. pneumoniae type 7, 36(63%) of 57 chinchillas seroconverted with at least a 100% increase in concentration of antibody in serum which remained elevated for at least six weeks. the middle ears of 23 chinchil ... | 1978 | 30803 |
| microbiology of recurrent and chronic otitis media with effusion. | a study was conducted of 274 children who had recurrent acute or chronic otitis media with effusion. forty-five percent of the ears with effusion were found to contain bacteria, and 11% contained bacteria that were "probable pathogens" (s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae, and s. pyogenes). bacteria were also found in 40% of the ears without effusions. the type of organism found did not vary with the age of the patient studied or the season of the year. the significance of these bacteria in the etiolog ... | 1978 | 30809 |
| impaired response to pneumococcal vaccine in hodgkin's disease. | | 1978 | 30897 |
| febrile reactions to pneumococcal vaccine. | | 1978 | 30898 |
| group b streptococcal and pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants: the role of pneumococcal antibody. | | 1978 | 30938 |
| the value of immunoelectroosmophoresis (ieop) for etiological diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections due to pneumococci and mycoplasma pneumoniae. | immunoelectroosmophoresis (ieop) has been used to detect pneumococcal and mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen in 324 sputum samples from 224 patients. pneumococcal antigen was found in 30/37 samples from which pneumococci had earlier been isolated and in 72/243 specimens where they had not been found. of these 72 samples 69 were from patients treated with antibiotics. mycoplasma antigen was found in 9/57 sputum samples from which mycoplasma had been isolated and in 2/32 other samples from patients wit ... | 1978 | 30990 |
| serological diagnosis of pneumococcal disease with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | antibody response to pneumococcal type-specific polysaccharide was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the test was shown to be up to 500 times more sensitive than indirect hemagglutination using chromic chloride-treated red blood cells. in 16/17 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia a significant antibody increase was seen as measured with elisa. only 6/23 patients with pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae gave a pneumococcal antibody rise and in those cases the increas ... | 1978 | 30991 |
| intraabdominal pneumococcal abscess. | | 1978 | 30992 |
| treatment of acute otitis media of infancy with cefaclor. | the emergence of ampicillin-resistant haemophilus as a clinical problem in otitis media necessitates a search for alternative, effective therapy. an orally absorbable cephalosporin derivative, cefaclor, is equally effective in vitro against ampicillin-susceptible and -resistant haemophilus and against other bacteria that cause acute otitis media. two dosage schedules of cefaclor (40 and 60 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in 95 infants with acute otitis media. bacterial origin was determined by a cultu ... | 1978 | 31084 |
| trends in bacterial virulence and antibiotic susceptibility: streptococci, pneumococci, and gonococci. | antibiotic usage and improved living conditions may have contributed to a dilution of "rheumatogenic" strains of group a streptococci and to their replacement by attenuated streptococci with less rheumatogenic potential. whether this is due to decreased virulence or to loss of specific bacterial antigens or toxins in prevalent strains is not yet known. the pneumococcus, which has been moderately resistant to antibiotics only in isolated cases, has appeared in south africa in strains that are hig ... | 1978 | 31122 |
| cyclic pharyngeal lymphoiditis: immunological considerations. | this communication presents the concept that recurrent infections of the lingual tonsils, lateral pharyngeal lymphoid bands and lymphoid follicles on the posterior pharyngeal wall, occurring with the same periodicity, is a cyclic clinical and immunological entity. these patients lacked resistance to the normal flora of the nasopharynx and pharynx. they were accordingly treated with a mixed respiratory bacterial vaccine, administered intradermally and according to a formulated program, to improve ... | 1978 | 31128 |
| importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of streptococcus pneumoniae. | six of 36 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in our laboratory during 1977 showed relative resistance to penicillin g. this level of resistance was detectable only by the broth dilution method. using the disk diffusion method, all six strains appeared susceptible (zone size > 29 mm). | 1978 | 31135 |
| capillary precipitin typing of streptococcus pneumoniae. | the neufeld test is presently the method of choice for typing streptococcus pneumoniae. although the test is reliable and relatively easy to perform, a simpler test, not requiring microscopic examination, would facilitate large-scale testing. a capillary precipitine test has been designed and tested for its usefulness in typing pneumococci. the type-specific carbohydrate antigens were obtained from broth culture supernatants. the antigens were reacted with type-specific antisera in glass capilla ... | 1978 | 31369 |
| models for assessing the effect of toxicants on immunocompetence in mice. part i: the effect of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine on antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | this study characterizes the response of balb/c mice to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharides (s3) administered alone or with a vaccine consisting of diphtheria toxoid, pertussis vaccine, and tetanus toxoid (dpt). the usefulness of this vaccine in toxicological protocols for determining immunocompetence is discussed. there were significant differences in antibody titers depending upon the route of injection and whether the s3 was administered in saline or mixed with dpt. subcutaneous injections ... | 1978 | 31407 |
| fulminant pneumococcal bacteremia in an asplenic chronic hemodialysis patient. | a chronic hemodialysis patient, previously splenectomized because of trauma in conjunction with gastrectomy, developed bacteremia with type 18 streptococcus pneumoniae and died within 13 hours of onset of symptoms. characteristics of this illness were severe hypoglycemia, pneumococci visible on peripheral blood smear, disseminated intravascular coagulation, neutropenia, and in vitro hemolysis. splenectomy should be considered with caution in uremic patients and in renal transplant recipients bec ... | 1978 | 31505 |
| [the efficacy of a maintenance dose of 100 mg doxycycline (vibramycin) daily in bacterial infections of chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. | the efficacy and tolerance of a daily maintenance dose of 100 mg doxycycline (vibramycin) was investigated in ambulant patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and bacterial infection by an open study with clinical, bacteriological and cytological control. the dosage was well tolerated and effective in the elimination of h. influenzae and pneumococci. a higher maintenance dose seems not to be necessary for this type of infections. | 1978 | 31554 |
| [treatment of chronic bronchitis with supristol and a cotrimoxazole preparation--comparative bacteriological and clinical findings, results of a double-blind study (author's transl)]. | in a randomized double-blind study on the treatment of chronic bronchitis, supristol (co-trifamole) was compared with co-trimoxazole. 163 patients participated in the clinical trial that was performed at three different hospitals in accordance with a uniform trial plan. the microbiological investigations were done centrally at a hygiene institute for all three hospitals. the bacteriological results from the 61 patients whose antibiogram revealed sensitive pathogens before starting the therapy de ... | 1978 | 31555 |
| death from type 6 pneumococcal septicemia in a vaccinated child with sickle-cell disease. | | 1979 | 31564 |
| pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization in infants and children. | by using indirect hemagglutination, the antibody responses of normal infants and children to an octavalent pneumococcal vaccine that contained pneumococcal polysaccharide types 1, 3, 6, 7, 14, 18, 19, and 23 were evaluated. by 2 years of age, there was a significant rise in hemagglutination titers to all the polysaccharide types, except type 19. by 6 to 8 months of age, five of the eight types of pneumococcal polysaccharides tested resulted in up to 60% responders and, by 2 years, a significant ... | 1978 | 31592 |
| the use of bacteria for the functional characterization of human lymphocyte subpopulations in various lymphoid organs. | in a haemolytic plaque assay staphylococcal strain cowan 1 was shown to induce polyclonal antibody secretion in human blood lymphocytes, whereas haemophilus influenzae and escherichia coli gave low responses. diplococcus pneumoniae and haemolytic streptococci generally did not activate blood cells. all five bacteria could activate spleen, tonsil and adenoid cells both to polyclonal ig secretion and increased dna synthesis. thus blood cell reactivity does not necessarily reflect the response patt ... | 1978 | 31677 |
| serological methods for rapid diagnosis of haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid: a comparison of co-agglutination, immunofluorescence and immunoelectroosmophoresis. | | 1978 | 31678 |
| composition and differentiation of the genus streptococcus. | | 1978 | 31686 |
| bacterial susceptibility of asplenic adult rats: effect of age and postsplenectomy interval. | | 1977 | 31695 |
| [application of the main components method to studying the character of the distribution of humoral antibacterial antibodies in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. | | 1978 | 31749 |
| more on cross-reactions of pneumococci and klebsiella. | earlier studies are extended to the higher-numbered k-types of klebsiella, several of which may now be fitted into the previously found groups. additional correlations between chemical structure and serological specificity are given, not only among the higher k-types, but also for several which were previously uninterpretable because structures were not known at the time. k1, k5, k6, k7 and k56 are shown to form a related group, although the reasons for their cross-reactivities are not always th ... | 1978 | 31760 |
| [lysozyme activity of pneumococci]. | examination of 329 pneumococcal strains showed that 41.2 per cent of the cultures had lysozyme activity. the frequency of the lysozyme feature depended on the method used. the lysozyme active strains were more frequently isolated from patients than from healthy persons and characterized by antibiotic resistance. the lysozyme feature correlated with the pneumococcal virulence with respect to albino mice, capacity for capsule formaiton and resistance to phagocytosis. | 1978 | 31835 |
| hr 756, the syn isomer of a new methoxyimino cephalosporin with unusual antibacterial activity. | hr 756, the syn derivative of 7-[(2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyimino)acetamido]cephalosporanic acid, is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin. it was 80 times more active than the anti derivative against beta-lactamase-producing strains of gram-negative bacteria. the range of inhibitory concentrations of hr 756 against gram-negative bacteria, including haemophilus influenzae, susceptible or resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins was from 0.01 to 0.1 mug/ml. this activity was consistently hi ... | 1978 | 31836 |
| [bacterial allergy in asthmatic syndromes]. | | 1976 | 31959 |
| prospects for the prevention of bacterial meningitis with polysaccharide vaccines. | most suppurative infections of the meninges are caused by five bacterial species: escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae type b, streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, and group b streptococcus. the immune response of adults to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides has been studied in great detail and their responses to meningococcal and h. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharides are quite similar. immune responses of adults to e. coli and group b streptococcal antigens are disap ... | 1978 | 31985 |
| immunogenicity of gonococcal gc2 polysaccharide: comparative studies with pneumococcal type iii polysaccharide and salmonella typhosa vi antigen. | a plaque assay technique was used to assess the immunogenicity of a gonococcal cell wall polysaccharide (gc2 antigen) in balb/c mice. the gc2 antigen was shown to be immunogenic, and the kinetics of the response differed from that of a pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii) and a polysaccharide antigen of salmonella typhosa (vi antigen). in addition, using antithymocyte sera, the t-lymphocyte dependency of these antigens was investigated. the immune response to the gc2 antigen was demonstrated to ... | 1978 | 32136 |
| phytohemagglutinin stimulation of enhanced immunoglobulin g production in mice inoculated with type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | in balb/c mice previously inoculated intraperitoneally with an immunogenic dose of the t-independent antigen type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide, the intravenous administration of the t-cell activating agent phytohemagglutinin p causes a pronounced increase in the number and relative proportion of immunoglobulin g-producing cells. these results, detected by a modified hemolytic plaque assay, were supported by finding increased levels of serum immunoglobulin g anti-type iii pneumococcal polysacc ... | 1978 | 32142 |
| models for assessing the effect of toxicants on immunocompetence in mice. ii. effect of cyclophosphamide on the antibody responses to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide and tetanus toxoid in balb/c female mice. | a mixture of antigens was used to detect alterations in immunocompetence. type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (s3) and tetanus toxoid (tt) stimulate different cellular components, and can therefore be used to assess different compartments of the immune mechanism. cyclophosphamide (cp), a known immunosuppressant, had a potent effect upon the antibody responses to both s3 and tetanus toxoid. all doses of cp administered within 2 days of priming with s3 resulted in a dose-related immunosuppressive ... | 1978 | 32218 |
| the isolation of carbon dioxide-requiring (carboxyphillic) type 19 pneumococcus (streptococcus pneumoniae) from diseased guinea-pigs. | type 19 pneumococcus was isolated only in anaerobic cultures from tissue fluids of guinea-pigs suffering from exudative pericarditis and pleuropneumonia. the organism was pathogenic to mice even after 40 subcultures. further study showed it to be carboxyphilic rather than anaerobic. the necessity of specifying various atmospheric conditions in the diagnostic bacteriological isolation routine is emphasized. | 1978 | 32435 |
| fatal pneumococcal bacteremia in a vaccinated splenectomized child. | | 1979 | 32485 |
| drug-resistant pneumococci. | | 1979 | 32489 |
| [hla and diseases. physiopathological role of major histocompatibility complex (continued)]. | | 1978 | 32607 |
| twice daily dosage of bacampicillin in chronic bronchitis. a double-blind study. | three groups of patients (total 48) with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated orally for 10 days, in a double-blind clinical trial, with bacampicillin (an ampicillin ester) 1600 mg twice daily, 800 mg three times daily and oral ampicillin 1000 mg three times daily. most exacerbations were caused by haemophilus influenzae or streptococcus pneumoniae. clinical and bacteriological results were significantly more favourable in the two bacampicillin-treated groups. both drugs were g ... | 1978 | 32615 |
| penicillin-insensitive pneumococci: isolation from patients with pneumonia. | pneumococci relatively insensitive to penicillin g were isolated from the sputum of two patients with pneumonia. one of the organisms was also relatively insensitive to ampicillin, cefamandole, and cephalothin and was resistant to tetracycline. because penicillin-insensitive pneumococci are being reported with greater frequency, continued surveillance of pneumococcal sensitivity to penicillin is appropriate. | 1979 | 32628 |
| "acute chest syndrome" in adults with sickle cell anemia. microbiology, treatment, and prevention. | fifty-two episodes of fever, chest pain, increased leukocytosis, and pulmonary infiltrate ("acute chest syndrome") were studied in 28 adults with sickle cell anemia. possible bacterial pathogens were identified in sputum cultures from less than half of the episodes; no pneumococci were found, and staphylocococcus aureus was the only bacterium associated with a longer illness than that seen when only normal flora were recovered. much disease diagnosed as "pneumonia" in adults with sickle cell ane ... | 1979 | 32855 |
| [influence of o2-, co2-tension and anaerobiosis upon number and morphology of pneumococcal colonies (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 33061 |
| bacteriophage-associated gene transfer in pneumococcus: transduction or pseudotransduction? | lysates of pneumococcal phage pg24 transferred genes from one host to another in a process with many of the properties of generalized transduction, in that the host genes were packaged in dnase-resistant particles that closely resembled infectious phage in physical properties, adsorbed to the recipient cells like phage, and were inhibited by antisera to the phage and by trypsin. however, phage processes did not complete the transfer of host dna as they did phage dna. instead, gene transfer requi ... | 1979 | 33154 |
| in vivo activity of amoxicillin and ampicillin against gram-positive bacteria: results of prophylactic studies. | in prophylactic treatment of intraperitoneal infections with streptococcus pneumoniae (types 1 and 2) and streptococcus pyogenes in mice, amoxicillin had a definite advantage over ampicillin in terms of protective effect. when the infecting agent was given to mice so as to produce an infection in the brain or lung (for example, s. pneumoniae given intracranially or intranasally), amoxicillin was also more effective prophylactically than ampicillin. | 1978 | 33219 |
| studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. inductions of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type iii. | | 1979 | 33226 |
| opportunist lung infections. | | 1979 | 33268 |
| [bacterial polysaccharides--a new generation of vaccines]. | | 1979 | 33301 |
| [treatment of bronchitis with cefaclor (panoral) (author's transl)]. | 14 patients from the allergy unit of an outpatient clinic suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and 13 outpatients with acute bronchitis were treated with 250 mg cefaclor (panoral) 3 times daily per os for 5 days. 59% of the organisms isolated from cefaclor-sensitive sputum at the time of prominent clinical symptoms were resistent to tetracycline, 53% of them were resistant to penicillin, and 37% were resistant to ampicillin. 12 out of the 14 patients with acute exacerbation of ... | 1979 | 33333 |
| counterimmunoelectrophoresis of sputum and blood for the diagnosis of chest infections caused by pneumococci or haemophilus influenzae. | in 107 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) of blood and sputum, bacterial cultures of blood, sputum and nasopharyngeal secretion, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibody determination were performed, with special reference to pneumococci and haemophilus influenzae. for pneumococci cie of sputum was superior to culture especially in antibiotic-treated patients. the clinical significance of a positive cie of sputum was supported b ... | 1979 | 33446 |
| penicillin-insensitive pneumococci. case report and review. | infections due to pneumococci with decreased susceptibility (or resistance) to penicillin have been infrequently recognized. our experience and that of others suggest that (1) penicillin susceptibility testing of significant pneumococcal isolates should become routine; (2) penicillin may not be adequate therapy for cns infections due to pneumococci whose penicillin minimal inhibitory concentration is greater than 0.1 microgram/ml; and (3) long-term penicillin "prophylaxis" may be inappropriate i ... | 1979 | 33551 |
| beta hemolytic streptococcal endocarditis: predominance of non-group a organisms. | identification of beta hemolytic streptococci (bhs) as group a or non-group a on the basis of bacitracin sensitivity rather than lancefield serogrouping may lead to misidentification of the pathogen. in four recent cases of endocarditis due to bhs, the pathogens initially were identified as group a; lancefield serogrouping showed all four to be group g. all four patients presented with a syndrome characteristic of acute bacterial endocarditis. review of all cases of endocarditis at our instituti ... | 1978 | 33554 |
| bacterial allergy in allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. | nineteen patients suffering from allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were studied for bacterial allergy with staphylococcus aureus, kelbsiella pneumoniae and diplococcus pneumoniae. allergy skin tests, provocative tests and the migratory inhibition factor were employed. the correlation indicates to the authors that bacterial allergy is more important than bacterial "infection" as a cause of allergic rhinitis and asthma in many instances. this is often overlooked by practicing allergists. | 1979 | 33586 |
| the structure of c-polysaccharide from the walls of streptococcus pneumoniae. | the well-known immologically active component of pneumococci, c-polysaccharide, is a teichoic acid that can be isolated from the cell walls and purified by sephadex and ion-exchange chromatography. further details of the structure of c-teichoic acid were established by chemical degradation, including hydrolysis in acid and alkali, treatment with hf, periodate oxidation and methylation. in addition, the use of 13c n.m.r. has confirmed some of these structural features and resulted in a proposal f ... | 1978 | 33662 |
| pneumococci resistant to erythromycin. | susceptibility to erythromycin was determined for all pneumococci isolated in one laboratory from clinical specimens between 1969 and 1977. all 4724 isolates examined prior to october 1973 were susceptible to erythromycin. from october 1973 to december 1977, 64 (0.71%) of 8995 pneumococcus isolates were resistant to erythromycin. the resistant strains were isolated from 38 patients living in six widely separated communities in alberta. the erythromycin-resistant strains were of nine capsular typ ... | 1978 | 33761 |
| laboratory studies with bl-s 578 (cefadroxil) a new broad-spectrum orally active cephalosporin. | bl-s 578 (cefadroxil) is a new orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. the new compound was evaluated in vitro in comparison with cephalexin. some properties studies such as, antibacterial activity, binding with serum proteins and stability in acid and neutral solution at 37 degrees c for both cephalosporins were similar. in experimental infections of mice, the protective action of bl-s 578 was more effective than cephalexin against staphy ... | 1979 | 33784 |
| pneumococcal adherence to human epithelial cells. | evidence is presented that pneumococci adhere poorly to oropharyngeal cells in vitro and that the capsule may interfere with adherence. a brief survey indicated that pneumococci may also adhere poorly in vivo. | 1979 | 33904 |
| a plasmid in streptococcus pneumoniae. | plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid has been detected in three related laboratory strains of streptococcus pneumoniae. strains d39s, r36, and r36nc each contain a minimum of two copies per cell of a 2.0-megadalton plasmid (pdp1). a plasmid twice as large as this smaller one is also present in much lower quantity in these strains, but neither plasmid is present in four strains related to these or in a drug-resistant clinical isolate from paris. the plasmid yield was not amplified in the presence of chl ... | 1979 | 33961 |
| splenectomy and sudden death. | four cases of fatal fulminant streptococcus pneumoniae septicemia in asplenic individuals have been presented, demonstrating the relative lack of specificity of the symptoms and rapidity of the clinical course. vigorous specific therapy was without apparent effect in two of the cases. no apparent reticuloendothelial deficiency prior to splenectomy was detected in two cases, and theoretically rather than clinically present in the others. individual was hyposplenic secondary to splenic atrophy. th ... | 1977 | 34008 |
| the uptake of choline by streptococcus pneumoniae. | uptake of choline, a structural component of pneumococcal c- and f-teichoic acids, into bacteria growing in a defined medium was very efficient with an uptake constant ([s]10 5) of 3.2 microns. it was inhibited by iodoacetate, dinitrophenol and oligomycin but not by structural analogues of choline. ethanolamine, however, was transported in the absence of choline but with a reduced affinity ([s]0.5 71.4 microns). the same constitutive system was probably used by both ethanolamine and choline. it ... | 1978 | 34010 |
| [antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae in switzerland]. | one hundred and eighty strains of streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from various materials at the institute of medical microbiology in zurich between march and october 1978. examination of these isolates for resistance to 6 standard antimicrobials revealed that 17 (9.4%) strains were resistant to the tetracyclines, 2 strains to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and 1 strain to both tetracycline and chloramphenicol. all strains were highly sensitive to benzylpenicillin, cephalothin and erythrom ... | 1979 | 34213 |
| diagnosis and treatment: drugs five years later. amoxicillin. | amoxicillin is an aminopenicillin available in the united states only for oral use. it has an antibacterial activity and spectrum similar to that of ampicillin and is destroyed by gram-positive and gram-negative beta-lactamases. it is more active against enterococci and salmonellae than ampicillin, but less active against shigella. it is better absorbed than ampicillin from the gastrointestinal tract with blood levels two to two and one half times those of ampicillin. amoxicillin is an excellent ... | 1979 | 34342 |
| effect of ampicillin and chloramphenicol against streptococcus pneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis. | antagonism, determined by isobolograms constructed from data from combinations of ampicillin and chloramphenicol at or below the minimal inhibitory or bactericidal concentrations, was observed against 13 clinical isolates of meningococcus and against one isolate of pneumococcus. synergy occurred against six strains of pneumococcus and three of meningococcus. additive effects were noted against 14 isolates of pneumococcus and 5 of meningococcus. there was no relationship between the minimal inhib ... | 1979 | 34360 |
| comparison of staphylococcal coagglutination, latex agglutination, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis for bacterial antigen detection. | soluble antigens of haemophilus influenzae type b, streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, and group b streptococcus were looked for in cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and urine by using the staphylococcal coagglutination test, latex agglutination test, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. the staphylococcal coaggultination and latex agglutination tests were more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis in identifying antigens of h. influenzae type b, s. pneumoniae, and n. meningitidis. no ... | 1979 | 34622 |
| evaluation of blood culture procedures in a pediatric hospital. | to determine optimal clinical laboratory techniques for detecting pediatric bacteremia, we studied 7,768 consecutive blood cultures in a 1-year period. blood was inoculated into one vented 50-ml bottle of brucella broth with 0.05% sodium polyanetholsulfonate and one unvented 50-ml bottle of columbia broth with 0.05% sodium polyanetholsulfonate and 0.05% cysteine. bottles were visually examined for growth on days 1 through 7 and blindly subcultured aerobically and anaerobically on days 1, 2, and ... | 1979 | 34623 |
| modification of the bile solubility test for rapid identification of streptococcus pneumoniae. | a modified bile solubility test is described which can be used to presumptively identify streptococcus pneumoniae recovered in blood culture. | 1979 | 34625 |
| meningitis from a pneumococcus moderately resistant to penicillin. | strains of pneumococci moderately resistant to penicillin were recovered from three patients at the children's hospital of pittsburgh during 1978. one of these children had meningitis and showed signs of early relapse despite high doses of penicillin g potassium. routine screening of pneumococci for penicillin resistance is recommended. | 1979 | 34736 |
| severe febrile reaction to pneumococcal vaccine. | | 1979 | 34738 |
| the nasopharyngeal culture in acute otitis media. a reappraisal of its usefulness. | simultaneous cultures of the nasopharynx and middle ear exudate (obtained by tympanocentesis) were obtained from 225 children (mean age, 34 months; median age, 41 months) with suppurative otitis media. a 72% prediction rate for middle ear pathogens was obtained by examining the nasopharyngeal cultures after the strict observance of two essential prerequisites: (1) the nasopharyngeal culture was immediately plated on appropriate solid agar and (2) a semiquantitative method for bacterial enumerati ... | 1979 | 34739 |
| pneumococcal peritonitis in adolescent girls. | two cases of pneumococcal peritonitis, which occurred after puberty in previously healthy adolescent girls, are described. in each case, the infection was caused by a type 1 tetracycline-resistant pneumococcus. | 1979 | 34777 |
| [rolitetracycline in lung and biliary tract infections]. | | 1979 | 34790 |