| direct probing by atomic force microscopy of the cell surface softness of a fibrillated and nonfibrillated oral streptococcal strain. | in this paper, direct measurement by atomic force microscopy (afm) of the cell surface softness of a fibrillated oral streptococcal strain streptococcus salivarius hb and of a nonfibrillated strain s. salivarius hbc12 is presented, and the data interpretation is validated by comparison with results from independent techniques. upon approach of the fibrillated strain in water, the afm tip experienced a long-range repulsion force, starting at approximately 100 nm, attributed to the compression of ... | 2000 | 10777762 |
| a comparison of antimicrobial activity of etchants used for a total etch technique. | the purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of eight commercially available etchant materials and positive and negative controls as they came into contact with bacteria commonly found within the oral cavity. the following bacteria were used in this study: streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, and actinobacillis actinomycetocomitants. the study was conducted in two parts: part i--etchants and controls placed within wells in agar plates; part ii--enamel-dentin d ... | 1997 | 9484166 |
| inactivation of the ptsi gene encoding enzyme i of the sugar phosphotransferase system of streptococcus salivarius: effects on growth and urease expression. | the urease genes of streptococcus salivarius 57.1 are tightly repressed in cells growing at neutral ph. when cells are cultivated at acidic ph values, the urease genes become derepressed and transcription is enhanced when cells are growing under carbohydrate-excess conditions. previously, the authors proposed that the bacterial sugar:phosphotransferase system (pts) modulated the dna-binding activity by phosphorylation of the urease repressor when carbohydrate was limiting. the purpose of this st ... | 2000 | 10832646 |
| ib-367, a protegrin peptide with in vitro and in vivo activities against the microflora associated with oral mucositis. | although the microflora associated with oral mucositis initiated by cytotoxic therapy is not well characterized, several studies suggest that reduction of the microbial load in the oral cavity has some clinical benefit. the mics of ib-367, a synthetic protegrin analog, ranged from 0.13 to 64 microgram/ml for gram-positive bacteria (streptococcus mitis, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus salivarius, and staphylococcus aureus) and from 0.06 to 8 microgram/ml for gram-negative species (klebsiella ... | 2000 | 10858334 |
| absence of a putative mannose-specific phosphotransferase system enzyme iiab component in a leucocin a-resistant strain of listeria monocytogenes, as shown by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | leucocin a is a class iia bacteriocin produced by leuconostoc spp. that has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes. a spontaneous resistant mutant of l. monocytogenes was isolated and found to be resistant to leucocin a at levels in excess of 2 mg/ml. the mutant showed no significant cross-resistance to nontype iia bacteriocins including nisaplin and esf1-7gr. however, there were no inhibition zones found on a lawn of the mutant when challenged with an extract cont ... | 2000 | 10877813 |
| streptococcus salivarius acute meningitis with latent petromastoiditis. | a 48-y-old woman, with a previous history of neurosurgical intervention for a trigeminal neurinoma, presented with acute meningitis due to streptococcus salivarius. there were significant changes in the petrous region, as revealed by mri, leading to the diagnosis of associated latent subacute mastoiditis. | 2000 | 10879608 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of viridans group streptococci in taiwan with an emphasis on the high rates of resistance to penicillin and macrolides in streptococcus oralis. | the in-vitro susceptibilities of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined for 207 isolates of viridans group streptococci recovered from patients with significant infections in taiwan during 1995 and 1997. variable degrees of susceptibility existed among nine species. high-level penicillin resistance (mic > or = 4.0 mg/l) was found most frequently in streptococcus oralis (35%), followed by streptococcus mitis (20%) and streptococcus salivarius (8%). however, s. salivarius showed the lowest rate o ... | 1998 | 9687100 |
| low frequency of bacteremia after endoscopic mucosal resection. | endoscopic mucosal resection has become a popular alternative for the treatment of early-stage neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract. however, there are still no data on the frequency of bacteremia associated with this form of treatment. | 2000 | 10922095 |
| bactericidal action of tachyplesin i against oral streptococci. | tachyplesin i, a polycationic antimicrobial peptide isolated from hemocytes of horseshoe crabs, kills bacteria by disrupting the membrane potential of the cytoplasmic membrane. the present study shows that, among 36 oral streptococcal strains, 12 of 21 streptococcus sanguis, 3 streptococcus mutans, 9 streptococcus salivarius and 3 streptococcus milleri strains were susceptible to tachyplesin i, whereas 9 s. sanguis strains were resistant. interestingly, these resistant strains include the clinic ... | 1994 | 8008433 |
| behavior of enterotoxigenic strains of staphylococcus aureus in milk fermented with a yogurt starter culture. | the ability of a yogurt starter culture formed by streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus to inhibit the growth of four enterotoxin type a and b producers staphylococcus aureus strains (atcc 6538, s6, fri-100 and a strain isolated from milk) during fermentation of milk and subsequent storage was investigated. sterile skim milk was inoculated with about 10(6) cfu/ml of s. aureus and with about 10(6) cfu of starter culture, and incubated at 42 de ... | 1999 | 10932746 |
| nucleotide sequence, expression and transcriptional analysis of the bifidobacterium longum mb 219 lacz gene. | the gene encoding beta-galactosidase was isolated by functional complementation of escherichia coli from bifidobacterium longum mb219, which exhibited the highest activity among ten bifidobacterium strains tested of the species b. longum, b. breve, b. adolescentis, b. indicum, b. animalis and b. cuniculi. the nucleotide sequence of the 5.0-kb fragment conferring the positive beta-galactosidase phenotype to e. coli revealed the presence of a lacz-type gene encoding a 1023-amino-acid protein that ... | 2000 | 10985745 |
| regulation of the pts operon in low g+c gram-positive bacteria. | the sugar transport system called phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase (pts) is widespread among eubacteria. its is generally composed of two cytoplasmic proteins, hpr and el, which are found in all bacteria possessing a pts, and a family of ells whose number, specificity, and molecular structure in terms of domain arrangement vary from species to species. in low g+c gram-positive bacteria, the genes coding for the general proteins hpr and el, designated ptsh and ptsl respectively, are ... | 2000 | 11075921 |
| electrostatic interactions in the adhesion of an ion-penetrable and ion-impenetrable bacterial strain to glass. | deposition to glass of streptococcus salivarius hb-c12 and staphylococcus epidermidis 3399 in a parallel plate flow chamber has been studied as a function of ionic strength. electrophoretic mobility measurements revealed that s. epidermidis 3399 possesses a thick ion-penetrable layer, probably associated with its encapsulation, while s. salivarius hb-c12 has an ion-impenetrable surface. streaming potential measurements indicated that also the glass surface was covered with a relatively thin, ion ... | 2001 | 11087983 |
| lack of effect of an externally applied electric field on bacterial adhesion to glass. | deposition to glass of streptococcus salivarius hb-c12 and staphylococcus epidermidis 3399 in a parallel plate flow chamber in the absence and presence of an externally applied electric field has been studied experimentally. no effect on bacterial adhesion, including initial deposition rates, numbers of adhering bacteria after 4 h, spatial distributions of adhering bacteria and air bubble induced detachment, was found. a theoretical analysis shows that electric fields applied over a 150 µm thin ... | 2001 | 11087991 |
| the galu gene of streptococcus pneumoniae that codes for a udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase is highly polymorphic and suitable for molecular typing and phylogenetic studies. | the enzyme utp-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase, udpg:pp) is synthesized by practically all organisms, although prokaryotic udpg:pps are evolutionarily unrelated to the eukaryotic counterparts. the primary structure of prokaryotic udpg:pps is well conserved, although little information exists on the polymorphism of the genes coding for these enzymes. it has been reported that the galu gene encoding the streptococcus pneumoniae udpg:pp is absolutely required ... | 2000 | 11137293 |
| antilisterial activity by enterococci in a model predicting the temperature evolution of taleggio, an italian soft cheese. | enterococcus ssp. produced broad-spectrum bacteriocins, which were active against listeria innocua and listeria monocytogenes. inhibition of l. innocua in milk by different starter cultures was evaluated. milk was inoculated with a conventional starter (streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus and lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus mixed cultures) as a sole starter or in combination with inhibitory starter cultures (enterococcus ssp., bacteriocin-producing strains). tests were performed ... | 1994 | 8046062 |
| the oral microbiota of children undergoing liver transplantation. | this study investigated the oral microbiota of children undergoing liver transplantation. oral swabs were taken using a standardized procedure from 27 children before liver transplantation and at 3 and 100 days post-transplantation and from 27 healthy controls at baseline and 90 days. viridans streptococci, yeasts, staphylococci, enterococci and enterobacteriaceae were enumerated and identified using conventional techniques. the oral microbiota of the patients changed significantly immediately p ... | 2000 | 11154404 |
| suppression of urease levels in streptococcus salivarius by cysteine, related compounds and by sulfide. | urease synthesis in streptococcus salivarius is induced by an acid environment, carbohydrate and a high growth rate. we now report that both cysteine and sulfide above 1 mm strongly suppress s. salivarius urease levels. close structural relatives of cysteine (cysteamine, ethanedithiol and penicillamine) at 5 mm buffered to ph 7.0 also caused urease suppression, but thiols in general (2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol and glutathione) did not. in cultures buffered below ph 5.9, the cysteine-induc ... | 2000 | 11154424 |
| iatrogenic meningitis: an increasing role for resistant viridans streptococci? case report and review of the last 20 years. | iatrogenic meningitis following lumbar puncture is a rare event. we present a 52-y-old man who developed symptoms of meningitis within 12 h after spinal anaesthesia. cerebrospinal fluid cultures grew streptococcus salivarius partially resistant to penicillin and ceftriaxone. the patient was successfully treated with ceftriaxone and vancomycin and left the hospital with minor sequelae. a literature review of 60 cases revealed the median age of the patients to be 44 y. the median incubation period ... | 2000 | 11200384 |
| regulation of urease gene expression by streptococcus salivarius growing in biofilms. | the metabolism of urea by urease enzymes of oral bacteria profoundly influences oral biofilm ph homeostasis and oral microbial ecology. the purpose of this study was to gain insight into the regulation of expression of the low ph-inducible urease genes in populations of streptococcus salivarius growing in vitro in biofilms and to explore whether urease regulation or the levels of urease expression in biofilm cells differed significantly from planktonic cells. two strains of s. salivarius harbour ... | 2000 | 11220303 |
| definition of a fundamental repeating unit in streptococcal glucosyltransferase glucan-binding regions and related sequences. | the c-termini of the glucosyltransferases (gtfs) of oral streptococci are responsible for glucan binding. these glucan-binding domains (gbds) are composed of a series of repeated sequences that have been classified into four different classes (a-d) by virtue of sequence similarity and which, by inference, have been suggested to be of functional importance. in contrast, we propose that repeat sequences evolve in response to selection for an increase in the number of copies of a particular domain ... | 1994 | 8046101 |
| streptococcus salivarius fimbriae are composed of a glycoprotein containing a repeated motif assembled into a filamentous nondissociable structure. | streptococcus salivarius, a gram-positive bacterium found in the human oral cavity, expresses flexible peritrichous fimbriae. in this paper, we report purification and partial characterization of s. salivarius fimbriae. fimbriae were extracted by shearing the cell surface of hyperfimbriated mutant a37 (a spontaneous mutant of s. salivarius atcc 25975) with glass beads. preliminary experiments showed that s. salivarius fimbriae did not dissociate when they were incubated at 100 degrees c in the p ... | 2001 | 11292790 |
| disinfection of dental impressions and occlusal records by ultraviolet radiation. | as chemical disinfection of dental impressions may cause adverse effects on materials and the dental personnel this study examined disinfection by ultraviolet radiation. alginate, addition silicone rubber and red wax contaminated by streptococcus salivarius, fusobacterium nucleatum and five other bacteria in different suspension media were radiated for up to 18 min, and the number of colony forming units was compared to non-radiated controls. the effect of ultraviolet radiation differed among ba ... | 2000 | 11307403 |
| properties of a streptococcus salivarius spontaneous mutant in which the methionine at position 48 in the protein hpr has been replaced by a valine. | hpr is a protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts) that participates in the concomitant transport and phosphorylation of sugars in bacteria. in gram-positive bacteria, hpr is also reversibly phosphorylated at a seryl residue at position 46 (ser-46) by a metabolite-activated atp-dependent kinase and a pi-dependent hpr(ser-p) phosphatase. we report in this article the isolation of a spontaneous mutant (mutant a66) from a streptococcus (streptococcus salivarius) in wh ... | 1994 | 8288549 |
| the effect of oral bacteria on candida albicans germ-tube formation. | a total of eight bacterial isolates belonging to six species, and a select group of 12 oral candida albicans isolates, were used to study the effect of bacteria on germ-tube formation. briefly, each bacterial suspension (10(5-6) cells/ml) was mixed with a c. albicans suspension (10(7) cells/ml) and incubated at 37 degrees c for 90 min with bovine serum, and the percentage germ-tube-positive candida cells was quantified using a haemocytometer, under light microscopy. in general, out of eight bact ... | 2001 | 11398996 |
| isolation and characterization of a streptococcus thermophilus plasmid closely related to the pmv158 family. | twenty-two streptococcus thermophilus strains used for milk fermentations were analyzed for their plasmid content and 13 of them (59%) were found to contain one or two plasmids. fifteen s. thermophilus plasmids were divided into four groups using dna homology. ten plasmids were classified within group a and they shared homologies with all the previously sequenced s. thermophilus plasmids. three plasmids (group b) hybridized with each other and two plasmids only hybridized with themselves (groups ... | 2001 | 11407913 |
| identification of streptococcus salivarius by pcr and dna probe. | to establish species-specific pcr and dna probe methods for streptococcus salivarius and to clarify the distribution of dextranase in oral isolates of strep. salivarius. | 2001 | 11412350 |
| ecological effects on the oro- and nasopharyngeal microflora in children after treatment of acute otitis media with cefuroxime axetil or amoxycillin-clavulanate as suspensions. | to evaluate if the extent of normal microflora disturbances differed between treatment with amoxycillin-clavulanate administered in an active form and cefuroxime axetil administered as an inactive prodrug. | 2001 | 11422249 |
| inhibitory effects of moabs against a surface protein antigen in real-time adherence in vitro and recolonization in vivo of streptococcus mutans. | a surface protein antigen (pac) of streptococcus mutans, particularly the a-region of the molecule, has been reported to interact with salivary components on the tooth surface. it might be a candidate antigen inducing the production of antibodies against the adherence of s. mutans to the tooth surface. we investigated the effects of monoclonal antibodies (moabs) obtained by immunization of synthetic pac peptides that completely correspond to the amino acid sequence of part of the a-region. these ... | 2001 | 11439156 |
| antibacterial temporary filling materials: the effect of adding various ratios of ag-zn-zeolite. | the effect of a new type of antibacterial temporary filling material was evaluated. ag-zn-zeolite (bactekiller, kanebo, japan) and sio2 filler were incorporated into urethane acrylate monomer paste in amounts of 5/55, 10/50, 20/40 and 30/30 wt%, respectively. the present study was designed to use a dye penetration test to measure direct inhibition of bacterial growth of four oral bacteria (streptococcus mutans, streptococcus mitis, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus sanguis). the amounts of ... | 1998 | 9722093 |
| an evaluation of resin-ionomers to prevent coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth. | while a gutta-percha system is most commonly used by practitioners for canal obturation, there is no agreement on how best to close the chamber of an endodontically treated tooth. some materials used in restorative dentistry may have endodontic applications. restorative materials of particular interest to endodontists are those used as subgingival restorations. their properties include insolubility in oral fluids, adhesiveness, dual-cure capabilities, radiopacity, hardness and fluoride release, ... | 2000 | 11460288 |
| [alpha-hemolytic streptococci and root canal irrigants. an evaluation of the bactericidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate plus cetrimide]. | the main bacterial species present in pulpal and periapical microbic flora is alpha-hemolytic streptococci. they are regarded as facultative anaerobes which prefer to grow in anaerobiosis. canal irrigation plays an important role in the success of endodontic treatment given that, on the one hand, it encourages the gradual elimination of the smear layer, and on the other it neutralises microbic flora in the root canal. the aim of this study was to test the microbiological efficacy of sodium hypoc ... | 1998 | 9835743 |
| diversity of streptococcus salivarius ptsh mutants that can be isolated in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose and galactose and characterization of two mutants synthesizing reduced levels of hpr, a phosphocarrier of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. | in streptococci, hpr, a phosphocarrier of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase transport system (pts), undergoes multiple posttranslational chemical modifications resulting in the formation of hpr(his approximately p), hpr(ser-p), and hpr(ser-p)(his approximately p), whose cellular concentrations vary with growth conditions. distinct physiological functions are associated with specific forms of hpr. we do not know, however, the cellular thresholds below which these forms become unabl ... | 2001 | 11489868 |
| meningitis due to streptococcus salivarius. | | 2001 | 11499393 |
| [viability and activity of the lactic bacteria (streptococcus salivarius ssp thermophilus y lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp bulgaricus) del yogurt en venezuela]. | national and international legislations have agreed that the population of lactic bacteria in yogurt must be viable and not less than 10(6) ufc/g. in venezuela, during last years, observations indicate that the number of viable cells in some commercial samples show high variations, as low levels. this research attempted to find the origin of this problem in the local industry. for this purpose 105 commercial samples were analyzed during their shelf life and 32 samples of yogurt prepared in the l ... | 2001 | 11510428 |
| alteration of the coadherence of candida albicans with oral bacteria by dietary sugars. | interactions between bacterial oral flora and candida albicans are important in denture plaque formation. this study therefore first aimed to quantify the coadherence of c. albicans and bacteria by the use of a bioluminescent adenosine triphosphate (atp) assay based on the firefly luciferase-luciferin system. the second aim was to examine the effect of i) dietary sugars (used for preculture) and ii) enzymatic digestion of fungi on the coadherence. when yeast was preincubated in yeast nitrogen ba ... | 2001 | 11555304 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activities of bakuchiol against oral microorganisms. | bakuchiol was isolated from the seeds of psoralea corylifolia, a tree native to china with various uses in traditional medicine, followed by extraction with ether and column chromatography combined with silica gel and octyldecyl silane. in this study, the antimicrobial activities of bakuchiol against some oral microorganisms were evaluated in vitro. the cell growth of streptococcus mutans was inhibited in a bakuchiol concentration-dependent manner, and growth of s. mutans was completely prevente ... | 2001 | 11600349 |
| antibacterial activity of camellia sinensis extracts against dental caries. | different bacteria were separated from saliva and teeth of cariogenic patients and identified by a variety of morphological and biochemical tests. extracts of green tea strongly inhibited escherichia coli, streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus mutans. the antibacterial effect of green and black tea extracts were compared with those of amoxicillin, cephradine and eugenol. | 1998 | 9875456 |
| bacteria used for the production of yogurt inactivate carcinogens and prevent dna damage in the colon of rats. | lactic acid-producing bacteria prevent carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions and tumors in rat colon. because the mechanisms responsible for these protective effects are unknown, two strains of lactic acid bacteria, lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus 191r and streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus ch3, that are used to produce yogurt, were investigated in vitro and in vivo to elucidate their potential to deactivate carcinogens. using the "comet assay" to detect genetic damage, we f ... | 1999 | 9915879 |
| inhibitory effect of zncl(2) on glycolysis in human oral microbes. | although the inhibition of bacterial glycolysis by zinc ions might be expected to moderate dental caries, there has not been a comparison of the effect of zn on different organisms under both fixed ph and free-fall conditions. here, the effect of zncl(2) on streptococcus salivarius, strep. mutans, strep. sobrinus, actinomyces naeslundii and lactobacillus casei, as well as on mixtures of oral organisms outgrown from human dental plaque and saliva, was surveyed. ph-stat experiments were performed ... | 2002 | 11825576 |
| role of the c-terminal yg repeats of the primer-dependent streptococcal glucosyltransferase, gtfj, in binding to dextran and mutan. | the recombinant primer-dependent glucosyltransferase gtfj of streptococcus salivarius possesses a c-terminal glucan-binding domain composed of eighteen 21 aa yg repeats. by engineering a series of c-terminal truncated proteins, the position at which truncation prevented further mutan synthesis was defined to a region of 43 aa, confirming that not all of the yg motifs were required for the formation of mutan by gtfj. the role of the yg repeats in glucan binding was investigated in detail. three p ... | 2002 | 11832518 |
| [streptococcus salivarius meningitis after oral trauma by a skewer: a case report]. | although streptococcus salivarius is one of the normal flora in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, the agent may cause bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis and sinusitis under certain circumstances. we report a 3-year-old female with meningitis after oral trauma by a skewer due to penicillin resistant s. salivarius. the girl injured her throat accidentally with a skewer. four hours later, she became febrile and came to our emergency room. plain ct scan was normal, and cefalexin was pres ... | 2002 | 11852478 |
| three cases of bacterial meningitis after spinal and epidural anesthesia. | during a 3-year period, three cases of bacterial meningitis developing after spinal or epidural anesthesia were observed at one hospital in germany. the causative organisms were streptococcus salivarius (2 cases) and staphylococcus aureus (1 case). in the first two cases, contamination of the needle by oropharyngeal flora of the anesthesiological team was likely but remained unproven. in the third case, a nasal swab obtained from the operating anesthesiologist yielded a staphylococcus aureus str ... | 2002 | 11913500 |
| note: evaluation of selective media for the enumeration of bifidobacterium sp. in milk. | pure cultures of three species of bifidobacteria (bifidobacterium longum, bif. adolescentis and bif. bifidum), lactobacillus acidophilus and a mixed culture of lact. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus were each enumerated on two differential media and six selective media for the enumeration of bifidobacteria. the appearance of the colonies on the differential media was as expected but when mixed cultures were present, it proved extremely difficult to d ... | 1999 | 10063635 |
| [multimicrobial endocarditis caused by streptococcus salivarius and pseudomonas stutzeri: good course after early surgery]. | | 2002 | 11989087 |
| pathways for lactose/galactose catabolism by streptococcus salivarius. | galactokinase and beta-galactosidase-deficient strains of streptococcus salivarius were constructed to define the pathways for lactose and galactose catabolism. it was found that s. salivarius does not possess a lactose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (pts), that intracellular lactose was hydrolyzed by beta-galactosidase, and that galactose is catabolized exclusively through the leloir pathway. the lack of a high-affinity pts for lactose may reflect the higher availability ... | 2002 | 12007657 |
| behavior of listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus in yogurt fermented with a bacteriocin-producing thermophilic starter. | streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus b producing a bacteriocin active against listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644 and staphylococcus aureus sad 30 was isolated from bakery yeast. the bacteriocin was partially purified by an adsorption/desorption technique, and its spectrum of action was compared to that of a neutralized cell-free supernatant (cfs). although the cfs inhibited a number of gram-positive and -negative bacteria of health and spoilage significance, the spectrum of action of the p ... | 2002 | 12030291 |
| pancreatic abscess due to streptococcus salivarius after dental manipulation. | | 1999 | 10406286 |
| prevalent bacterial species and novel phylotypes in advanced noma lesions. | the purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in advanced noma lesions using culture-independent molecular methods. 16s ribosomal dna bacterial genes from dna isolated from advanced noma lesions of four nigerian children were pcr amplified with universally conserved primers and spirochetal selective primers and cloned into escherichia coli. partial 16s rrna sequences of approximately 500 bases from 212 cloned inserts were used initially to determine species identity or close ... | 2002 | 12037085 |
| the ftf gene encoding the cell-bound fructosyltransferase of streptococcus salivarius atcc 25975 is preceded by an insertion sequence and followed by fur1 and clpp homologues. | analysis of the region downstream of the ftf gene of streptococcus salivarius led to the detection of two open reading frames (orfs). the deduced amino acid sequences of these orfs were homologous to proteins encoded by genes not previously described and/or sequenced in gram-positive bacteria. the deduced amino acid sequence of the first of these (orf2) showed strong homology to the product of the fur1 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae, which codes for a uracil phosphoribosyltransferase. the over ... | 1993 | 8393068 |
| intracellular and extracellular phs of streptococcus mutans after addition of acids: loading and efflux of a fluorescent ph indicator in streptococcal cells. | a ph-sensitive fluorescent dye, 2', 7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 and 6-carboxyfluorescein (bcecf), was used to determine intracellular ph (ph(in)). the efflux of bcecf loaded into oral streptococcal cells was determined after incubation of the cells at 35 degrees c for 20 min in the presence and absence of glucose. in the absence of glucose, the fluorescence of intracellular bcecf in streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus sobrinus decreased only very ... | 2002 | 12121474 |
| [searching for restriction endonucleases, finding out the heterogeneity of the 16s rrna in some species of lactic acid bacteria]. | the preliminary test of carbohydrates fermentation has been carried out to confirm a regular position for some lactic acid bacteria strains. restriction cards have been compiled for lactobacillus plantarum, l. delbrueckii and streptococcus salivarius using vector nti program. a comparative analysis of the restriction cards has shown presence of unique sites of restriction endonucleases, which can be used for differentiation of the above-stated species. | 2002 | 12190020 |
| groesl sequence determination, phylogenetic analysis, and species differentiation for viridans group streptococci. | the full-length sequences of the groesl genes (also known as cpn10/60) of streptococcus anginosus, streptococcus constellatus, streptococcus gordonii, and streptococcus sanguis and the near full-length sequence of the groesl genes of streptococcus intermedius, streptococcus bovis, streptococcus mitis, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus oralis, and streptococcus salivarius were determined. the lengths of the groes genes from the 10 species listed above ranged from 282 to 288 bp, and the full-len ... | 2002 | 12202549 |
| survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in traditional african yoghurt fermentation. | growth and survival of a nontoxigenic strain of escherichia coli o157:h7 (atcc 43888) was determined in traditionally fermented pasteurized milk. preheated milk was inoculated with 1% (v/v) of a mixed culture of lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (ncimb 11778) and streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus (ncimb 110368) and incubated at 25, 30, 37 or 43 degrees c for 24 h. e. coli o157:h7 (10(5) cfu/ml) were introduced into the milk pre- and post-fermentation. fermented milk samples were ... | 2002 | 12382690 |
| the macrolide efflux genetic assembly of streptococcus pneumoniae is present in erythromycin-resistant streptococcus salivarius. | | 2002 | 12384396 |
| spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from streptococcus salivarius in a compromised host. | a seriously ill patient with cirrhosis and resistant ascites from hepatitis c and alcohol abuse abruptly deteriorated. he developed encephalopathic changes, abdominal pain and tenderness and was suspected of having spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. the peritoneal fluid contained many granulocytes and steptococcus salivarius was isolated from the fluid. | 2002 | 12387778 |
| [meningitis due to streptococcus salivarius and spontaneous fistula: a case report]. | | 2002 | 12402237 |
| cis-acting elements that regulate the low-ph-inducible urease operon of streptococcus salivarius. | differential expression of the streptococcus salivarius 57.i urease operon in response to ph is effected by repression of transcription from a proximal promoter, purei: to localize the cis-acting elements involved in the regulation of the urease operon, the intact promoter region and its derivatives were generated and fused to a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene. the promoter-cat fusions were established in the lacz gene of s. salivarius by using a newly constructed integ ... | 2002 | 12427950 |
| [confirmation of the taxonomy of streptococcus salivarius]. | | 2002 | 12449640 |
| the gastric biology of helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori is a neutralophilic, gram-negative, ureolytic organism that is able to colonize the human stomach but does not survive in a defined medium with a ph <4.0 unless urea is present. in order to live in the gastric environment, it has developed a repertoire of acid resistance mechanisms that can be classified into time-independent, acute, and chronic responses. time-independent acid resistance depends on the structure of the organism's inner and outer membrane proteins that have a ... | 2003 | 12471160 |
| starter culture activity in refrigerated fermented soymilk. | the refrigerated shelf life of soymilk fermented with single cultures of lactobacillus fermentum, l. casei, streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, and bifidobacterium longum was evaluated. during storage at 4 degrees c for 28 days, the stability of the microflora differed markedly among the starter cultures. after 28 days, the average numbers of s. salivarius subsp. thermophilus decreased by two log cycles to 6.0 x 10(7) cfu/ml, whereas those of l. casei increased gradually by more than t ... | 1999 | 10419278 |
| bacteriophage isolation from human saliva. | to detect bacteriophages for gram-positive oral pathogens in human saliva. | 2003 | 12485342 |
| clpp of streptococcus salivarius is a novel member of the dually regulated class of stress response genes in gram-positive bacteria. | nucleotide sequence analysis of the streptococcus salivarius clpp locus revealed potential binding sites for both the ctsr and hrca repressors. dual regulation by hrca and ctsr was demonstrated by using bacillus subtilis as a heterologous host, and ctsr was shown to bind directly to the clpp promoter sequence. this is the first example of a clpp gene under the control of hrca. | 2003 | 12511518 |
| ph changes in human dental plaque from lactose and milk before and after adaptation. | ph changes in human dental plaque in vivo from lactose and milk have been studied in four separate mouthrinse experiments. (1) ph was measured in plaque samples of 12 subjects before and after 6 weeks of frequent daily mouthrinsing with 10% lactose. the ph decreases were significantly more pronounced after the adaptation period than before (p < 0.001), 4 of the 12 subjects showing about the same low plaque ph from lactose as from glucose. (2) similar to the previous experiment, frequent daily mo ... | 1993 | 8448773 |
| factors affecting the antibacterial effects of nd:yag laser in vivo. | one of the main advantages of laser surgery is it's bactericidal effect which reduces the risk of postoperative infections. several study designs have been set to investigate this effect. aim of this study was to research if the bactericidal effect of laser tool was affected from several factors in vitro studies. | 2003 | 12605426 |
| iatrogenic streptococcus salivarius meningitis after spinal anaesthesia: need for strict application of standard precautions. | | 2003 | 12660130 |
| palmitoleic acid isomer (c16:1delta6) in human skin sebum is effective against gram-positive bacteria. | the percent lipid composition of pooled human sebum analyzed by thin-layer chromatography was: ceramides (13%), fatty acid (47%), cholesterol (7%), cholesterol esters (2%), squalene (11%), triglycerides (3%), and wax esters (17%). total sebum lipids (2- 4 mg/ml), sonicated into bacterial culture medium, caused 4- to 5-fold log reduction in growth of gram-positive bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus salivarius and the anaerobe fusobacterium nucleatum, but was ineffective against most g ... | 2003 | 12677098 |
| the gene encoding iiab(man)l in streptococcus salivarius is part of a tetracistronic operon encoding a phosphoenolpyruvate: mannose/glucose phosphotransferase system. | glucose and mannose are transported in streptococci by the mannose-pts (phosphoenolpyruvate:mannose phosphotransferase system), which consists of a cytoplasmic iiab protein, called iiab(man), and an uncharacterized membrane permease. this paper reports the characterization of the man operon encoding the specific components of the mannose-pts of streptococcus salivarius. the man operon was composed of four genes, manl, manm, mann and mano. these genes were transcribed from a canonical promoter (p ... | 2000 | 10746771 |
| classification of oral streptococci by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with direct activity stain for glycosyltransferases. | thirty eight strains of oral streptococci were divided into six types by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) followed by glycosyltransferase (glt) activity stain: type 1, streptococcus mutans; type 2, streptococcus rattus; type 3, streptococcus sobrinus and streptococcus downei; type 4, streptococcus cricetus; type 5, streptococcus salivarius; and type 6, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus oralis and streptococcus gordonii. in types 1, 2 and 5, two glucosyltransferases synthesizing wate ... | 2003 | 12753469 |
| inhibition of platelet binding and aggregation by streptococcal exopolysaccharide. | streptococcal exopolysaccharides are major virulence factors in the pathogenesis of endocarditis. they promote bacterial adherence to valves and subsequent vegetation formation. since platelet binding and aggregation by streptococci are postulated mechanisms for endocardial colonization and vegetation production, the effect of exopolysaccharide on binding and aggregation was evaluated by flow cytometry and aggregometry. streptococcus salivarius d1, a minimal exopolysaccharide producer, bound hum ... | 1993 | 8486945 |
| influence of the oral administration of lactic acid bacteria on iga producing cells associated to bronchus. | intestinal, respiratory and genitourinary mucosal surfaces are the most important routes of entry for microbial pathogens. the stimulus of the mucosal immunity is not easy because the trigger keys for the activation do not follow the ones of the systemic immune response. in previous works we have demonstrated that some lactic acid bacteria (lab), when orally administered, can induce an enhance of the gut immune response. taking into account the concept of a common mucosal response, we studied th ... | 1999 | 12783652 |
| subgingival microbiota levels and their associations with periodontal status at the sampled sites in an adult sudanese population using miswak or toothbrush regularly. | little information is available on the effect of miswak use on gingival microbiota. we assessed levels of 28 oral bacteria in subgingival plaque of adult sudanese miswak (n = 38) and toothbrush users (n = 36) age range 20-53 years (mean 34.6 years) to study associations between these bacteria, oral hygiene method, and periodontal status at the sampled sites. a pooled subgingival plaque sample from 6 probing sites of 1 selected tooth in each jaw was obtained from each subject. whole genomic dna p ... | 2003 | 12790510 |
| the effect of temperature and ph on the growth of lactic acid bacteria: a ph-auxostat study. | the growth of streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus paracasei was studied in a ph-auxostat. the computer-controlled smooth change of ph or temperature was used to study the effect of ph and temperature on the culture characteristics (specific growth rate mu growth yield y(atp) and specific lactate production rate q(atp)). the behaviour of mu and q(atp) with an increa ... | 2003 | 12810281 |
| a lantibiotic gene family widely distributed in streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus pyogenes. | | 1995 | 8586244 |
| bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (blis) production by the normal flora of the nasopharynx: potential to protect against otitis media? | the normal bacterial flora of the upper airways provides an important barrier to invading pathogens. this study investigated the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis) by streptococci isolated from the nasopharyngeal flora of children who either do or do not experience recurrent acute otitis media (aom). twenty children with recurrent aom and 15 controls were tested. swabs from the nasopharynx were evaluated for streptococci having blis activity against two representative st ... | 2003 | 12909662 |
| coaggregation of streptococcus salivarius with periodontopathogens: evidence for involvement of fimbriae in the interaction with prevotella intermedia. | streptococcus salivarius is divided into two serological subgroups that carry either fibrils or fimbriae. although fimbriae have been observed on up to 50% of s. salivarius strains in the human oral cavity, no function has yet been assigned to them. to determine whether s. salivarius fimbriae have a role in adhesion, we examined the ability of s. salivarius to coaggregate with selected microorganisms involved in periodontal diseases. our results show that s. salivarius coaggregated with fusobact ... | 2003 | 12930529 |
| bacteriologic findings in tonsillitis and pericoronitis. | bacteriologic samples from 31 young men were cultured quantitatively for aerobes and anaerobes; these samples included 31 specimens of tonsils (16 infected and 15 healthy), 16 specimens from pericoronal pockets of lower third molars (11 infected and 5 symptom-free), and 6 postoperative specimens from lower-third-molar extraction sockets. anaerobes were isolated more often from infected third molars than from infected tonsils (14.5 isolates vs. 8.4 isolates, respectively; p < .001). infected tons ... | 1996 | 8816129 |
| streptococcus salivarius meningitis following diagnostic lumbar puncture. | | 1956 | 13334667 |
| streptococcus salivarius (vel hominis) and its relation to lancefield's group k. | | 1956 | 13367973 |
| characterization of recombinant, ureolytic streptococcus mutans demonstrates an inverse relationship between dental plaque ureolytic capacity and cariogenicity. | dental caries results from prolonged plaque acidification that leads to the establishment of a cariogenic microflora and demineralization of the tooth. urease enzymes of oral bacteria hydrolyze urea to ammonia, which can neutralize plaque acids. to begin to examine the relationship between plaque ureolytic activity and the incidence of dental caries, recombinant, ureolytic strains of streptococcus mutans were constructed. specifically, the ureabcefgd operon from streptococcus salivarius 57.i was ... | 2000 | 10768953 |
| immunochemical relationship between streptococcus mg, f 3 and streptococcus salivarius. | | 1964 | 14254273 |
| the proportional distribution of streptococcus salivarius and other streptococci in various parts of the mouth. | | 1954 | 14356607 |
| the acid-tolerant microbiota associated with plaque from initial caries and healthy tooth surfaces. | the intent of this study was to compare the inherent acid tolerance of bacteria in samples of dental plaque from tooth sites in subjects with and without initial caries. plaque was collected from approximal surfaces showing early enamel caries and from healthy tooth surfaces in the same subjects, as well as from enamel surfaces of caries-free individuals. in addition to plating on blood agar, the plaque samples were plated directly on non-selective solid agar medium buffered to ph 7.0, 6.0, 5.5, ... | 2003 | 14571116 |
| inhibition of adhesion of yeasts and bacteria by poly(ethylene oxide)-brushes on glass in a parallel plate flow chamber. | poly(ethylene oxide) (peo)-brushes are generally recognized as protein-repellent surfaces, and although a role in discouraging microbial adhesion has been established for some strains and species, no study exists on the effects of peo-brushes on a large variety of bacterial and yeast strains. in this paper, a peo-brush has been covalently attached to glass and silica by reaction in a polymer melt. subsequently, the presence of a peo-brush was demonstrated using contact angle measurements, x-ray ... | 2003 | 14600236 |
| [meningitis caused by streptococcus salivarius]. | | 1996 | 8962986 |
| identification and characterization of the nickel uptake system for urease biogenesis in streptococcus salivarius 57.i. | ureases are multisubunit enzymes requiring ni(2+) for activity. the low ph-inducible urease gene cluster in streptococcus salivarius 57.i is organized as an operon, beginning with urei, followed by ureabc (structural genes), and ureefgd (accessory genes). urease biogenesis also requires a high-affinity ni(2+) uptake system. by searching the partial genome sequence of a closely related organism, streptococcus thermophilus lmg18311, three open reading frame (orfs) homologous to those encoding prot ... | 2003 | 14617641 |
| multiple competitive pcr-dgge as a tool for quantifying and profiling defined mixed cultures of lactic acid bacteria during production of probiotics from complex polysaccharides. | to apply a denaturing gradient gel electrophoretic (dgge) method to quantify and profile individual strains during a mixed culture fermentation. | 2003 | 14633020 |
| purification and characterization of the streptococcus salivarius methionine aminopeptidase (metap). | streptococcus salivarius methionine aminopeptidase (metap) was purified from a recombinant escherichia coli strain containing the s. salivarius map gene, which codes for metap. s. salivarius map coded for a protein of 286 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 31,723 da and a pi of 4.6. the native enzyme eluted from a superdex column as a protein with a molecular mass of 30.6 kda and cleaved n-terminal met of peptide only when the penultimate amino acid was gly, ala, ser, val, pro, or t ... | 2003 | 14644554 |
| selection of an adhesive phenotype of streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus for use in fixed-bed reactors. | streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus was cultivated in a chemostat in order to obtain an adhesive phenotype of this strain. when the system was operated at low dilution rates (d < 0.2 h-1) for about 4 weeks, the strain formed a visible film on the surface of the culture vessel. the biofilm cells were not washed out even when dilution rates were increased (d = 6.9 h-1), and this resulted in a high biomass productivity (p = 4.1 g1(-1) h-1). on the other hand, when the culture was grown at ... | 1996 | 8987642 |
| carcinoma of the colon presenting as streptococcus salivarius sepsis. | | 2004 | 14679337 |
| mechanism of proton gating of a urea channel. | the size and complexity of many ph-gated channels have frustrated the development of specific structural models. the small acid-activated six-membrane segment urea channel of helicobacter hepaticus (hhurei), homologous to the essential urei of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori, enables identification of all the periplasmic sites of proton gating by site-directed mutagenesis. exposure to external acidity enhances [(14)c]urea uptake by xenopus oocytes expressing hhurei, with half-maximal ac ... | 2004 | 14701805 |
| the csp operon of streptococcus salivarius encodes two predicted cell-surface proteins, one of which, cspb, is associated with the fimbriae. | a tn917 mutant library was generated to identify genes involved in the biogenesis of streptococcus salivarius fimbriae. a fimbria-deficient mutant was isolated by negative selection using an immunomagnetic separation technique with specific anti-fimbriae polyclonal antibodies (pabs). the transposon was inserted in an orf, called orf176, which encoded a protein of unknown function. the transposon prevented the transcription of orf176 as well as two genes located downstream, which are designated c ... | 2004 | 14702412 |
| growth requirements of streptococcus mitis and sulfonamide resistance. | | 1950 | 14781203 |
| [changes in our concept of the streptococcus salivarius]. | | 1950 | 14800349 |
| mixed bacterial growth. ii. the growth of staph. aureus, str. pyogenes and a viridans streptococcus in mixed broth cultures. | | 1950 | 14800815 |
| the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system of oral streptococci and its role in the control of sugar metabolism. | oral streptococci are sugar-fermentative bacteria comprising at least 19 distinct species and are a significant proportion of the normal microbial population of the mouth and upper respiratory tract of humans. these streptococci transport several sugars by the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts) which concomitantly catalyzes the phosphorylation and translocation of mono- and disaccharides via a chain of enzymic reactions that transfer a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruv ... | 1997 | 9050218 |
| [autochthonous human antibiotics]. | | 1950 | 14804979 |
| a study of streptococcus salivarius and its relationship to the dental caries process. | | 1951 | 14824337 |
| studies on non-hemolytic streptococci isolated from the respiratory tract of man; the antigenic basis for type specific reactions with streptococcus salivarius and non-levan-forming streptococci. | the type specific immunological properties of certain non-hemolytic streptococci, including str. salivarius type i and type ii, present in the respiratory tract of human beings appear to be dependent upon the presence of capsular polysaccharides. the levans formed from sucrose by str. salivarius (encapsulated s cells or non-encapsulated r variants), or by cell-free enzymes derived from these microorganisms, are indistinguishable immunologically and show no evidence of type specificity. such leva ... | 1951 | 14824398 |
| [serologic and biologic properties of newly isolated strains of streptococcus viridans in inflammatory processes of the oral cavity]. | | 1951 | 14835041 |