| [shigella: microbiological aspects and incidence in our environment]. | | 1980 | 6755638 |
| [use of coagglutination for serotyping shigella dysenteriae and shigella boydii]. | the coagglutination test was used to identify shigella boydii and shigella dysenteriae. a trial was carried out with 13 native rabbit antisera to s. boydii and 10 antisera to s. dysenteriae, as well as with coagglutinating reagents prepared from these antisera. the use of coagglutinating reagents was shown to ensure the complete specificity of the results, to prevent the adsorption of diagnostic antisera and to decrease their consumption 50 times. the importance of the coagglutination test for t ... | 1982 | 6760638 |
| new provisional serovar of shigella boydii. | ten bacterial strains are described that give biochemical reactions characteristic of the genus shigella but do not belong to any of the established or provisional serovars. the strains ferment mannitol and are antigenically indistinguishable. they do not possess any of the group antigens of shigella flexneri, and it is therefore proposed that they be regarded as members of a new provisional serovar of shigella boydii. strain e16553 is designated as the test strain for the new serovar. | 1982 | 6761353 |
| [formation of donor strains of enteropathogenic escherichia, serogroups o112ac, o129, o143, and sh. boydii 8 using r-plasmids]. | the possibility of the formation of enteropathogenic escherichia and shigella donor strains by means of r-plasmids rp4 and rpi-2 with thermosensitive replication was studied. the donor strains of e. coli, serogroups o112ac, o129, o143, and sh. boydii 8 were thus obtained; these strains had the above-mentioned plasmids integrated into their chromosome, and in the process of conjugation they transferred plasmid and chromosomal genes to e. coli, k12 and o129, with the effectiveness 10(5)--10(8). su ... | 1980 | 6778027 |
| increase in drug resistance among shigella dysenteriae, sh flexneri, and sh boydii. | two thousand three hundred and seventy strains of shigella dysenteriae, sh flexneri, and sh boydii isolated in england and wales from 1974 to 1978 were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs. eighty per cent of strains were resistant to one or more drugs, with sulphonamide resistance occurring most frequently. resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol increased during the period, as did the incidence of multiple resistance. most infections due to sh dysen ... | 1981 | 6790085 |
| structural studies on a carbohydrate chain isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of shigella boydii type 8. | the lipopolysaccharide isolated from the cells of shigella boydii type 8 bacteria gave precipitin bands against homologous antisera on ouchterlony plates, whereas the carbohydrate-containing fractions obtained from it did not. one of the fractions was obtained in major proportion and contained 23.5% of sugars. a structure was assigned to the carbohydrate chain in this material by using the results of methylation, periodate oxidation, and deamination studies. | 1982 | 6816467 |
| [a familial case of bacillary dysentery caused by gas producing shigella boydii 14]. | | 1982 | 6818307 |
| new invasive escherichia coli strain. | a new invasive escherichia coli serogroup is described. its o antigen is identical to the o antigen of shigella boydii 3. we propose the designation of e. coli são paulo for this serogroup until the situation of its o antigen is settled. | 1980 | 6989859 |
| [formation of iron-binding metabolites by bacteria of the enterobacteriaceae family]. | the capacity of enterobacteriaceae strains cultivated in a synthetic medium for the biosynthesis of catechols and hydroxamates has been studied. among the strains under study all strains of the genera salmonella (8 strains), escherichia (102 strains), citrobacter (5 strains), enterobacter (2 strains), serratia (1 strain) synthesize catechols. in the genus shigella (128 strains) all sh. flexneri serovars (79 strains) do not synthesize catechols, other representatives of this genus synthesize iron ... | 1980 | 6998212 |
| faecal excretion of entero-pathogens in a pakistani family returning to the u.k. after a visit to rawalpindi. | the family consisted of two parents and five children. while the father remained in cardiff, the mother and all the children visited rawalpindi, pakistan, for 6 weeks to stay with relatives. travel was by flight from heathrow airport to pakistan and by a short road journey to rawalpindi. mrs m. - the mother - as a guest, did no cooking on the holiday. the house which they were living in had a piped water supply, thought to be treated. there was no flush toilet but a commode was available and was ... | 1980 | 7005329 |
| survival of shigellae in soil. | the survival of four shigella strains in soil (sh. sonnei, sh. boydii, sh. flexneri and sh. dysenteriae) was studied under various conditions. their survival period was tested in two different types of sterile soil at 18-20 degrees c and in one type of soil at 4 and 37 degrees c. this latter type of soil, after enrichment with casaminoacids or (nh4)2hpo4 was also used for testing again the survival of the strains at 18-20 degrees c. though the initial number of the inoculated microorganisms was ... | 1980 | 7006270 |
| resistance to trimethoprim and other antibiotics in shigellae isolated in the province of ontario. | antimicrobial susceptibility determinations for three commonly used and seven seldom used antibacterial drugs against 482 strains of shigellae isolated in ontario during 1977 and 1978 were carried out. resistance to the first-line treatment drugs, ampicillin and tetracycline, occurred in 20.5 and 39.2% of strains, respectively. the emergence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was noted for the first time in 3.2% of the strains in 1978. all strains retained their susceptibility to gentam ... | 1980 | 7006767 |
| imported shigellosis: aerogenic shigella boydii 74 (sachs a 12) in a traveller followed by two cases of laboratory-associated infections. | during their holiday in tunesia two members of a family developed severe dysentery which prompted hospitalization of one of them after their return to germany. shigella boydii 4 was isolated from a stool culture. from another, healthy family member an aerogenic, mannitol negative strain of s. boydii 14 (formerly sachs a 12) was isolated which subsequently infected a laboratory technician when she was handling the fecal specimen. a second laboratory infection due to this organism occurred while p ... | 1981 | 7015640 |
| [etiological factors in bacillary dysentery in poland 1965-1979]. | | 1981 | 7041196 |
| [epidemiology and prevention of dysentery]. | | 1982 | 7047217 |
| mucosal immune response in patients with dysentery. | | 1995 | 7502926 |
| evaluation of commercial antisera for shigella serogrouping. | shigella serogrouping antisera from six companies (becton dickinson, denka, difco, murex, roach, and sanofi-pasteur) intended for the slide agglutination test and those of the wellcolex colour shigella latex agglutination test were evaluated to identify quality products for shigella identification. forty-six reference shigella strains (one for each serotype and species), 50 clinical strains (21 s. flexneri, 21 s. sonnei, 4 s. dysenteriae, 4 s. boydii) representing the most prevalent species and ... | 1995 | 7559936 |
| fecal excretion of leukotriene c4 during human disease due to shigella dysenteriae. | fecal excretion of leukotriene c4 was determined in 26 individuals with dysentery and in 19 healthy controls. of the patients, five were infected with shigella dysenteriae type 1, 15 were infected with shigella flexneri, two were infected with shigella boydii, and four were infected with shigella sonnei. three of the healthy controls were infected with non-dysenteriae shigellae. all isolates of shigella dysenteriae type 1 produced shiga toxin; the other strains were not toxigenic. patients with ... | 1995 | 7714683 |
| structural studies of the shigella boydii type 5 o-antigen polysaccharide. | the structure of the shigella boydii type 5 o-antigen polysaccharide has been investigated by sugar and methylation analyses, and specific degradations. it is proposed that it is composed of hexasaccharide repeating units with the following structure. the repeating unit also contains an o-acetyl group, linked to one of the primary positions. [formula: see text] | 1994 | 7834648 |
| plasmid profiles of shigella and salmonella spp. isolated from diarrhoeic humans in ibadan, nigeria. | clinical isolates of shigella flexneri, s. dysentariae, s. boydii and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. most of the isolates harboured more than one plasmid ranging in molecular size from 1.3 to 36.1 x 10(6) daltons. very large plasmids were not encountered. | 1993 | 7839920 |
| [triple shigellosis in the same patient contracted during operation "turquoise" in rwanda]. | we report a case of shigellosis observed in a young french sanitary assistant, returning from a refugees camp in goma after a 5-week stay. three different species were isolated from stool samples: shigella flexneri, s. boydii and s. sonnei. this observation raises the matter of a chemical prophylaxis during a short stay in developing countries where sanitary conditions are poor. | 1994 | 7866040 |
| [shigella boydii strains having a provisional serovar isolated from travellers' diarrhea in tokyo]. | two shigella strains (85-634 and 94-30) isolated from two sporadic travellers with diarrhea who returning to tokyo from abroad, did not react to any antisera to shigella prepared commercially. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of s. boydii and were biochemically identical, and were positive in the serény test and other tests for invasiveness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of serological analyses using the antisera to 6 kinds of prov ... | 1994 | 7930789 |
| asymptomatic shigella infections in a cohort of mexican children younger than two years of age. | the proportion of shigella infections that occur asymptomatically in young children has not been established. a community-based cohort study of 367 infants was followed prospectively by weekly home visits from january, 1990, through december, 1991. stool samples were collected weekly and when diarrhea occurred and were tested for shigella and other enteropathogens. there were 2925 child months of observation and 65 episodes of shigella infection. there were 3.1 episodes/100 child months during t ... | 1994 | 7970946 |
| polymicrobial and recurrent bacteremia with shigella in a patient with aids. | shigella gastroenteritis is uncommon among hiv seropositive patients and may be complicated in some patients by bacteremia; s. flexneri being the most frequently detected serogroup. while recurrent salmonella bacteremia is common among hiv-seropositive patients, recurrent shigella bacteremia is not. we report here an hiv-seropositive patient with shigella gastroenteritis, polymicrobial bacteremia due to s. flexneri and s. boydii, and recurrent gastroenteritis and bacteremia with s. boydii. relap ... | 1994 | 7984973 |
| an outbreak of shigellosis in a slum colony of delhi-1990. | | 1993 | 8014439 |
| shigellosis in neonates and young infants. | to determine the clinical features and outcome of shigellosis in young infants, we reviewed the hospital records of 159 infants < or = 3 months of age (including 30 neonates) and 159 children 1 to 10 years of age with shigellosis who were admitted to the diarrhoea treatment centre in dacca, bangladesh. infants more commonly had a history of nonbloody diarrhea (82.8% vs 42.7%; p < 0.001), moderate or severe dehydration (59.9% vs 32.1%; p < 0.001), or bacteremia (12.0% vs 5.0%; p = 0.027) and less ... | 1994 | 8021764 |
| epidemiology of shigella infections in two ethnic groups in a geographic region in southern israel. | the epidemiology of shigellosis in the jewish and bedouin populations that coexist in the same geographic region in southern israel and share the same medical facilities but live separately under different socioeconomic conditions was examined in a retrospective, culture-based study. the average annual attack rate for the four-year period 1989-1992 was 368/100,000 inhabitants. the average annual attack rate among the jews, who enjoy western socioeconomic conditions, was 413/100,000 and the disea ... | 1994 | 8070448 |
| [l-forms of the dysentery bacteria in models of shigella and non-shigella infections]. | | 1993 | 8079561 |
| salmonella typhimurium loci involved in survival within macrophages. | a set of tn10 mutants of salmonella typhimurium which have a diminished capacity to survive in murine macrophages and decreased virulence in mice has been described previously. in this study, we characterized 30 of these mutants and determined map locations of tn10 insertions for 23 of these strains. in addition, short fragments of transposon-flanking dna were cloned, and the nucleotide sequence was determined for 23 mutants. seven mutants carried transposon insertions in known genes, representi ... | 1994 | 8168923 |
| a randomized, double-blind study comparing cefixime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of childhood shigellosis. | we compared the clinical and bacteriologic response of 5-day treatment with cefixime, 8 mg/kg per day, with the response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), 10-50 mg/kg per day, the currently recommended therapy. of the assessable children with acute, culture-proven shigellosis, 38 received cefixime and 39 received tmp-smx. pretreatment data on the two study groups were similar. in the first group, all isolates were susceptible to cefixime; in the tmp-smx group, 32 isolates were resistan ... | 1993 | 8229498 |
| [immunochemical studies of o-specific polysaccharide from proteus penneri 14 lipopolysaccharide]. | o-specific polysaccharide was obtained on mild acid degradation of proteus penneri strain 14 lipopolysaccharide and found to contain equimolar of d-galactose, d-ribose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, n-(d-galacturonoyl)-l-alanine and 3-(nacety-l-alanyl)-amido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. on the basis of non-destructive nmr analysis it was concluded that repeat unit of the 0-specific polysaccharide of p. penneri 14 has the following structure: -2-beta-d- quip3nalaac-(1-->4)-alfa-d-galpaala-(1-->2)-beta ... | 1993 | 8231451 |
| recent trends in the epidemiology of shigella species in israel. | trends in the epidemiology of infections due to shigella species over a period of 6 years (1986-1991) in israel were studied by analysis of the results of 51,300 stool cultures, of which 2,987 yielded shigella species. in a university hospital, the relative prevalence of shigella sonnei in patients with shigellosis increased over the years from 60% in 1986 to 91% in 1991 (r = 0.93; p = .007); concomitantly, the prevalence of shigella flexneri decreased from 29% to only 8% (r = -0.80; p < .05). i ... | 1993 | 8286636 |
| enteric protein loss during shigellosis. | to determine whether protein-losing enteropathy occurs during shigellosis, we measured concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin in sequential stool samples from 110 adults hospitalized with acute dysentery due to shigella infection. mean stool concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin on admission were 10.9 micrograms/mg dry weight of stool. stool alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) lower on the 3rd and 5th study days (4.1 and 2.2 micrograms/mg, respectively) than on admis ... | 1993 | 8420274 |
| shigellosis in children from north india: a clinicopathological study. | stool samples of 1488 children suffering from acute diarrhoea were studied for bacterial culture and sensitivity. shigella culture was positive in 143 (10 per cent) children and 53 hospitalized children could be studied in detail. thirty-six (68 per cent) children were under 2 years of age and peak prevalence was observed in summer months. fever and diarrhoea were universal features; 96 per cent had blood and mucus in the stools, but 32 per cent started with watery diarrhoea lasting 1-3 days fol ... | 1995 | 8531265 |
| development of a flow injection analysis (fia) immunosensor for the detection of escherichia coli. | a flow injection immunoanalysis (fia) system has been developed for the detection of escherichia coli in artificially contaminated food samples. anti-e. coli antibodies were covalently immobilized onto porous aminopropyl glass beads via glutaraldehyde activation to form an immunoreactor. after adsorption of the cells onto anti-e. coli antibody bound glass beads, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide was injected into the system which was then hydrolyzed by the adsorbed e. coli cells containing ... | 1995 | 8579984 |
| septicemia due to vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal. | we describe septicemia due to vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal, the newly described causative agent of cholera, in a child who also had simultaneous intestinal infection with shigella boydii. because v. cholerae 0139 is capsulated, its propensity to cause extraintestinal infection is stressed. | 1995 | 8582139 |
| [species and serovar-distribution, and drug-resistance of shigella strains isolated from imported and domestic cases from 1990 through 1994 in tokyo]. | a total of 446 shigella strains consisting of 336 imported and 110 domestic strains isolated in tokyo from 1990 to 1994 were examined for their species and serovar-distribution, and their drug-resistance. in both imported and domestic strains, s. sonnei was found to be the most prevalent species, followed by s. flexneri. in imported strains, however, the isolation frequency of s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. dysenteriae were higher than that of domestic strains, and the serovar of each species was ... | 1995 | 8586884 |
| structure of the o-specific polysaccharide chain of shigella boydii type 5 lipopolysaccharide: a repeated study. | an acidic, partially o-acetylated o-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of shigella boydii type 5 lipopolysaccharide and studied by 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d cosy, 13c-1h heteronuclear cosy, 1d noe, and 2d roesy experiments, and chemical methods (sugar and methylation analysis, o-deacetylation, carboxyl reduction, solvolysis with anhydrous hf, partial acid hydrolysis. smith degradation). it was concluded that the polysaccharide has a hexasaccharide repea ... | 1995 | 8593622 |
| expression of flagella and motility by shigella. | since the discovery of shigella as the aetiologic agent of acute dysentery almost 100 years ago, this organism has been described as a non-motile and nonflagellated organism that invades the human colonic mucosa. in this study, the production of flagella by prototypic strains of all four shigella species and, moreover, by fresh clinical isolates was demonstrated by electron microscopy. the flagellum of shigella (flash) is approximately 10 microns long and 12-14 nm in diameter and is typically se ... | 1995 | 8596461 |
| detection and characterization of the flagellar master operon in the four shigella subgroups. | strains in the genus shigella are nonmotile, but they retain some cryptic flagellar operons whether functional or defective (a.tominaga, m. a.-h. mahmoud, t. mukaihara, and m. enomoto, mol. microbiol. 12:277-285, 1994). to disclose the cause of motility loss in shigellae, the presence or defectiveness of the flhd and flhc genes, composing the master operon whose mutation causes inactivation of the entire flagellar regulon, was examined in the four shigella subgroups. the flhd operon cloned from ... | 1996 | 8682772 |
| [outbreak of shigella boydii dysentery in the county of el bierzo]. | investigation of an outbreak of bacillar dysentery of possible transmission by water produced by shigella boydii. | 1996 | 8695684 |
| vertebral osteomyelitis due to shigella boydii. | | 1996 | 8722953 |
| cloning, purification, and characterization of the shigella boydii dgtp triphosphohydrolase. | the nucleotide sequence of the shigella boydii dgt gene, which encodes the enzyme deoxyguanosine triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dgtpase, ec 3.1.5.1), has been determined. the 1515-nucleotide shigella dgt open reading frame has been subcloned into a t7 rna polymerase-based expression vector. the resulting expressed protein has been purified to homogeneity using a novel single-day chromatographic regime. the protocol includes ion exchange, affinity, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. t ... | 1997 | 8995266 |
| epidemiology of shigellosis among children exposed to cases of shigella dysentery: a multivariate assessment. | we followed 1,756 young, rural bangladeshi children less than five years of age for one month after identification of sentinel shigella patients in their neighborhoods. two hundred nineteen (12%) children developed shigella diarrhea (shigellosis) and 227 (13%) developed culture-negative dysentery. shigella flexneri (60%) and s. dysenteriae, type 1 (15%) were the most common isolates among shigellosis cases. within individual neighborhoods, there was poor agreement (kappa = 0.21) between shigella ... | 1997 | 9129527 |
| characterization of shigella type 1 fimbriae: expression, fima sequence, and phase variation. | this study documents the presence of type 1 fimbriae on shigella and confirms these mannose-sensitive adherence structures to be bona fide components of the shigella surface. while laboratory-passaged shigella strains and lyophilized clinical isolates failed to express type 1 fimbriae, 6 of 20 recent clinical isolates, including 4 shigella flexneri strains, 1 shigella boydii strain, and 1 shigella dysenteriae strain, produced type 1 fimbriae as detected by mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (msh ... | 1997 | 9169792 |
| cloning and characterization of the region iii flagellar operons of the four shigella subgroups: genetic defects that cause loss of flagella of shigella boydii and shigella sonnei. | to detect genetic defects that might have caused loss of flagella in shigella boydii and shigella sonnei, the region iii flagellar (fli) operons were cloned from certain strains and analyzed with reference to the restriction maps and genetic maps of escherichia coli fli operons. s. boydii nctc9733 (strain c5 in this paper) had the 988-bp internal deletion in the flif gene that encodes a large substructural protein of the basal body. two strains (c1 and c8) had deletions of the entire flif operon ... | 1997 | 9226258 |
| [water-borne disease outbreaks and investigation of epidemics]. | | 1997 | 9235061 |
| colicin u, a novel colicin produced by shigella boydii. | a novel colicin, designated colicin u, was found in two shigella boydii strains of serovars 1 and 8. colicin u was active against bacterial strains of the genera escherichia and shigella. plasmid pcolu (7.3 kb) of the colicinogenic strain s. boydii m592 (serovar 8) was sequenced, and three colicin genes were identified. the colicin u activity gene, cua, encodes a protein of 619 amino acids (mr, 66,289); the immunity gene, cui, encodes a protein of 174 amino acids (mr, 20,688); and the lytic prot ... | 1997 | 9244283 |
| the molecular epidemiology of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole- resistance of shigella flexneri in the trakya region of turkey. | trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (sxt) resistance increased among shigella flexneri isolates in 1995 relative to previous years, in the trakya region, the european part of turkey. since this region is the entrance to turkey from northern countries, a heavy traffic of travellers passing through should have been importing or exporting the resistant isolates. we studied the genetic basis and epidemiology of this resistance and monitored the clonal changes which have taken place in the meanwhile. duri ... | 1997 | 9258942 |
| antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of shigella isolates in kigali, rwanda (1983 to 1993): increasing frequency of multiple resistance. | the serotype distribution and susceptibility to nine antibiotics was determined for 2491 shigella isolates cultured in the medical laboratory of the centre hospitalier de kigali, rwanda, during 1983 to 1993. overall, shigella flexneri was the most frequent species, ranking before shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, and shigella dysenteriae. however, the relative frequency of the different shigella spp. showed an important variability over time. s flexneri increased from 40% in 1983 to 68% of the i ... | 1997 | 9327243 |
| [studies on bacillary dysentery cases of overseas travellers--during 1979 to 1995]. | a total of 36,780,440 overseas travellers during 1979-1995 (17 years) were quarantined at osaka and kansai airport quarantine station, 84,777 travellers reported themselves suffer from diarrhoea. stools from 29,587 persons were bacteriologically examined. various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 9,766 (33.0%) patients of the stools examined. isolated species were as follows: plesiomonas shigelloides (3,234 cases); salmonella spp. (2,236 cases); enterotoxgenic escherichia coli (1,621 ... | 1997 | 9391324 |
| microbiological screening of indian medicinal plants with special reference to enteropathogens. | the world health organisation (who) has recommended that all member states actively promote native medicines in their country. ten indian medicinal plants were screened for antibacterial activity specific to enteropathogens. diffusion and dilution methods were used to measure the antibacterial activity. allium sativum, camellia sinensis, and chamaesyce hirta showed higher activity when compared to the rest. they had a minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of < 100 micrograms/ml and gave inhib ... | 1997 | 9395690 |
| a succinylanthranilic acid ester and other bioactive constituents of jolyna laminarioides. | methyl 2-[propanamide-2'-methoxycarbonyl] benzoate, fucosterol, trans-phytol and p-formylphenol were isolated for the first time from a methanolic extract of jolyna laminarioides. methyl 2-[propanamide-2'-methoxycarbonyl]-benzoate exhibited chymotrypsin inhibitory activity and also found to be active against escherichia coli and shigella boydii. fucosterol exhibited antifungal activity against curvularia lunata, stachybotrys atra and microsporum canis. | 1997 | 9423291 |
| plasmid profiles of drug resistant shigella boydii types 1-5, 8, 10, 12-14 from ethiopia (1974-85). | plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis was performed on 42 drug resistant strains of shigella boydii serotypes 1-5, 8, 10, 12-14, collected between 1974 and 1985 from endemic cases of shigellosis in ethiopia, and their escherichia coli k12 transconjugants. resistance factors (r factors) were further characterized by incompatibility testing. patterns of small plasmids, less than 15 kb, were similar within each of the individual s. boydii serotypes. plasmids of about 3.3-3.7 kb we ... | 1997 | 9440431 |
| increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in shigellas from humans in england and wales: recommendations for therapy. | since 1983 the incidence of resistance to ampicillin in shigella dysenteriae, sh. flexneri, and sh. boydii infections in england and wales has increased from 42% to 65% and the incidence of resistance to trimethoprim, from 6% to 64%. furthermore, of 1524 strains received in 1995-1996, 46% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. for sh. sonnei almost 50% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin or trimethoprim and 15% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. these results demonstra ... | 1998 | 9533726 |
| binding of shigella to rat and human intestinal mucin. | invasion of epithelial cells by shigella is an early step in their pathogenesis. adherence is generally presumed to be a prerequisite for invasion. this study examined the possibility of intestinal mucins serving as initial binding sites for clinical isolates of s. boydii and s. sonnei. the interactions of shigella with rat and human small intestinal and colonic mucin were investigated. in solid phase binding assays, [35s] labelled shigella did not show any preferential binding to rat/human smal ... | 1998 | 9546608 |
| using epidemiologic tools to control an outbreak of diarrhoea in a textile factory, bulawayo, zimbabwe. | dysentery is endemic in zimbabwe. more than 260,000 cases and a case fatality of four per thousand were reported in 1993. in late july 1994, the health services department in bulawayo was informed of two cases of shigella dysenteriae type i at a textile factory that employs 138 workers. workers were interviewed at the factory regarding the date of the onset of illness, symptoms, food consumed, and treatment received. factory water supply, cooking, and sanitary facilities were inspected. stool an ... | 1997 | 9557445 |
| [antibacterial activity of lactobacilli]. | the antagonistic action of lactobacilli is an important factor in the protection of the vagina of fertile women from infection by other microorganisms. in the present study the authors investigated 17 strains of lactobacilli, incl. 11 of vaginal origin. the objective was to investigate in more detail the antibacterial activity of lactobacilli and to attempt to assess substances responsible for inhibition. the investigated lactobacilli inhibited some strains of escherichia coli, serratia marcesce ... | 1998 | 9611889 |
| [the adaptation of therapeutic standards as a function of antibiotic sensitivity of strains of shigella spp. isolated in rwanda in 1997]. | | 1997 | 9612786 |
| the tip of the hydrophobic hairpin of colicin u is dispensable for colicin u activity but is important for interaction with the immunity protein. | the hydrophobic c terminus of pore-forming colicins associates with and inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane and is the target of the respective immunity protein. the hydrophobic region of colicin u of shigella boydii was mutated to identify determinants responsible for recognition of colicin u by the colicin u immunity protein. deletion of the tip of the hydrophobic hairpin of colicin u resulted in a fully active colicin that was no longer inactivated by the colicin u immunity protein. replace ... | 1998 | 9696757 |
| inhibition of bacterial pathogens by lactobacilli. | lactobacilli produce many antimicrobial substances including organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. antagonistic activity of lactobacilli is an important factor in the protection of the vagina of fertile women against infection by certain pathogens. in the present study, we investigated 17 strains of lactobacilli, including 11 strains of vaginal origin. the aim was to investigate in more detail the antibacterial activity of lactobacilli and to attempt to assess substances responsible ... | 1998 | 9861683 |
| shigella and the fluorinated quinolones. | between july 1996 to june 1997 a total of 531 stool samples from cases of acute diarrhoea, dysentry, colitis admitted to kasturba medical college hospital, manipal were investigated. shigella were isolated from 29 samples (5.46%). out of them, shigella flexneri were 16 (55.17%), shigella boydii 8 (27.58%), shigella dysentriae 3 (10.34%) and shigella sonnei 2 (6.89%). five strains of shigella flexneri and one strain of shigella dysentriae were found to show resistance to nalidixic acid and the ne ... | 1998 | 9866907 |
| identification of shigella boydii in colonic malacoplakia by universal bacterial 16s ribosomal dna-based amplification in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. | | 1999 | 10028087 |
| a study on transferable r-plasmids among shigella species at lucknow. | a total of 500 shigella strains were included in the present study out of which 233 were isolated at national shigella centre of postgraduate department of microbiology, k.g. medical college, lucknow during last 5 years and 267 strains were received from different parts of the country. predominent serotypes were sheigella flexneri 292 (48.4%) followed by shigella dysenteriae 153 (30.6%), shigella boydii 32 (6.4%) and shigella sonnei 23 (4.6%). all the strains were sensitive to nalidix acid, gent ... | 1997 | 10085641 |
| the aerobactin iron transport system genes in shigella flexneri are present within a pathogenicity island. | genes encoding the synthesis and transport of aerobactin, a hydroxamate siderophore associated with increased virulence of enteric bacteria, were mapped within a pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri. the island, designated shi-2 for shigella pathogenicity island 2, was located downstream of selc, the site of insertion of pathogenicity islands in several other enteric pathogens. dna sequence analysis revealed the presence of multiple insertion sequences upstream and downstream of the aerobac ... | 1999 | 10411724 |
| severe shigellosis in childhood. | a prospective study was performed on 20 bacteriologically proven pediatric cases of severe shigellosis admitted to the department of pediatrics, chulalongkorn hospital during march 1989 to march 1990. fourteen patients were male and six were female. shigella b was found in 85% and shigella d in 15% of cases. the major indications for admission were convulsions and dehydration. fifteen per cent of cases had underlying malignancies and 42.1% had malnutrition. most patients had a peak of fever betw ... | 1998 | 10437956 |
| global burden of shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. | few studies provide data on the global morbidity and mortality caused by infection with shigella spp.; such estimates are needed, however, to plan strategies of prevention and treatment. here we report the results of a review of the literature published between 1966 and 1997 on shigella infection. the data obtained permit calculation of the number of cases of shigella infection and the associated mortality occurring worldwide each year, by age, and (as a proxy for disease severity) by clinical c ... | 1999 | 10516787 |
| shigella boydii as cause of malacoplakia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. | | 1999 | 10585840 |
| antimicrobial resistance trends in shigella serogroups isolated in israel, 1990-1995. | from a total of 31319 shigella strains isolated in israel between 1990 and 1996, 17574 were sent to the national shigella reference center for typing. of these, 15287 were identified as shigella sonnei, 1833 as shigella flexneri, 327 as shigella boydii and 127 as shigella dysenteriae. in all, 4395 strains were tested for sensitivity to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin. all strains tested were sensitive to ofloxacin, and only t ... | 2000 | 10746496 |
| [antimicrobial resistance of shigella spp. in córdoba, argentina, during the period 1990-1997]. | this study analyzed the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in 771 isolates of shigella spp. obtained from a total of 9,195 feces cultures done between 1990 and 1997 in a children's hospital in córdoba, argentina. s. flexneri, which was responsible for 73% of the shigella infections, was the species with the greatest resistance. the frequency of s. flexneri resistance to the three antibiotics most used (ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol) increased from 10% in 1990 ... | 2000 | 10748662 |
| expression of fimbriae and hemagglutination activity in shigella boydii. | this report describes the presence of type 1 fimbriae on shigella boydii 5 which agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes and feature mannose-sensitive adherence. morphologically, the fimbriae were thin, rigid cylinders 2-5 microm in length and 35 nm in diameter, and the organella retained axial holes. this is the first study to have revealed the existence of type 1 fimbriae on s. boydii. | 2000 | 10941937 |
| clonal relationships among shigella serotypes suggested by cryptic flagellin gene polymorphism. | the presence of cryptic flic alleles in the genomes of 120 strains representative of the four shigella species was investigated. one fragment was obtained by pcr amplification of flic, with a size varying from 1.2 to 3.2 kbp, depending on the species or serotype. after digestion with endonuclease hhai, the number of fragments in patterns varied from three to nine, with sizes of between 115 and 1,020 bp. patterns sharing most of their bands were grouped to constitute an f type. a total of 17 diff ... | 2001 | 11158126 |
| downregulation of bactericidal peptides in enteric infections: a novel immune escape mechanism with bacterial dna as a potential regulator. | antibacterial peptides are active defense components of innate immunity. several studies confirm their importance at epithelial surfaces as immediate barrier effectors in preventing infection. here we report that early in shigella spp. infections, expression of the antibacterial peptides ll-37 and human beta-defensin-1 is reduced or turned off. the downregulation is detected in biopsies from patients with bacillary dysenteries and in shigella- infected cell cultures of epithelial and monocyte or ... | 2001 | 11175848 |
| detection of bacteria from biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | a rapid method for identifying specific bacteria from complex biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been developed. the technique employs commercially available magnetic beads coated with polycolonal antibodies raised against specific bacteria and whole cell analysis by maldi-ms. a suspension of a bacterial mixture is mixed with the immunomagnetic beads specific for the target microorganism. ... | 2001 | 11404843 |
| the shi-3 iron transport island of shigella boydii 0-1392 carries the genes for aerobactin synthesis and transport. | in shigella boydii 0-1392, genes encoding the synthesis and transport of the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin are located within a 21-kb iron transport island between lysu and the pheu trna gene. dna sequence analysis of the s. boydii 0-1392 island, designated shi-3 for shigella island 3, revealed a conserved aerobactin operon associated with a p4 prophage-like integrase gene and numerous insertion sequences (is). shi-3 is present at the pheu trna locus in some s. boydii isolates but not in ot ... | 2001 | 11418557 |
| characterization of cryptic flagellin genes in shigella boydii and shigella dysenteriae. | flagellin (flic) genes of 12 shigella boydii and five shigella dysenteriae strains were characterized. though these strains are nonmotile, the cryptic flicsb gene, cloned from s. boydii strain c3, is functional for expression of flagellin. it consists of 1,704 bp, and encodes 568 amino acid residues (57,918 da). the flicsd gene from s. dysenteriae strain 16 consists of 1,650 bp encoding 549 amino acid residues (57,591 da) and contains an is1 element inserted in its 3' end. the two genes are comp ... | 2001 | 11434456 |
| dysentery in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in zimbabwe: an emerging role for schistosoma mansoni and escherichia coli o157? | information on bloody diarrhoea in hiv-positives is scarce. a prospective study was therefore performed, in zimbabwe, to determine and compare the pathogens associated with bloody diarrhoea in 25 antiretroviral-naïve hiv-infected patients and 15 non-hiv-infected patients. stool cultures and colonic biopsies were performed. shigella was isolated from 18 (45%) of the subjects, schistosoma mansoni from eight (16%), escherichia coli h7:o157 from three (8%) and campylobacter jejunii from two (5%). th ... | 2001 | 11487372 |
| correlation between congo red binding and contact haemolysin production in shigella species. | haemolytic strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii and shigella sonnei cultured on congo red agar produced pigmented colonies (pcr+) whereas nonhaemolytic strains produced white colonies and did not bind congo red (pcr-). s. flexneri-1 haemolysin negative mutant (lacking plasmid) of haemolysin positive prototroph also did not bind congo red and produced nonpigmented colonies. among the twelve strains of shigella included in this study, the characteristics of co ... | 2001 | 11491522 |
| sequence analysis of four shigella boydii o-antigen loci: implication for escherichia coli and shigella relationships. | shigella strains are in reality clones of escherichia coli and are believed to have emerged relatively recently (g. m. pupo, r. lan, and p. r. reeves, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 97:10567-10572, 2000). there are 33 o-antigen forms in these shigella clones, of which 12 are identical to o antigens of other e. coli strains. we sequenced o-antigen gene clusters from shigella boydii serotypes 4, 5, 6, and 9 and also studied the o53- and o79-antigen gene clusters of e. coli, encoding o antigens identic ... | 2001 | 11598067 |
| gene cloning and characterization of alanine racemases from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei. | alanine racemase genes (alr) from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli jm109. all genes encoded a polypeptide of 359 amino acids, and showed more than 99% sequence identities with each other. in particular, the s. dysenteriae alr was identical with the s. flexneri alr. differences in the amino acid sequences between the four shigella enzymes were only two residues: gly138 in s. dysenteriae and s. flexneri (glu ... | 2001 | 11676496 |
| validation of salmonellosis and shigellosis diagnostic test kits at a provincial hospital in thailand. | rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis and shigellosis was performed using six different diagnostic test kits which recently have been made available commercially. they were salmo-dot, typhi-dot, shigel dot a, b, c, and d test kits for detection of salmonella spp., group d salmonellae, and groups a, b, c, and d shigella spp., respectively. the principle of all test kits is a membrane (dot) elisa using specific monoclonal antibodies to the respective pathogens as the detection reagents. the present stu ... | 2001 | 11699718 |
| [various mechanisms of the depriming effect of bacterial endotoxin on drug metabolism]. | the effect of an endotoxin from sh. boydii on the biotransformation of amidopyrine and acetanilide, the activity of microsomal monooxygenases, hemoxygenase, and xanthine oxidase, the lipid peroxidation (lpo) intensity, the phospholipid spectrum, and the solubilization of microsomal membrane components was studied by intraperitoneal injections (2.5 mg/kg) in rats. it was found that the endotoxin inhibits the reactions of c- and n-acetanilide hydroxylation, n-amidopyrine demethylation, acetanilide ... | 2001 | 11764504 |
| [isolation of provisional serovars of shigella in diarrheal cases of tourists]. | twenty-four shigella strains of provisional serovars were isolated from travellers with diarrhea during 1993-2000 at osaka airport- and kansai airport-quarantine station. the outline of these cases were as follows. 1) the provisional serovars of these strains (number of cases) were s. dysenteriae 93-119 (2), s. dysenteriae 204/96 (4), s. dysenteriae i9809-73 (4), s. flexneri 88-893 (9), and s. boydii e16553 (5). 2) symptoms of these cases were diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. the r ... | 2001 | 11806136 |
| [shigella boydii strains possessing a new serovar (sm00-27) isolated from diarrhea of overseas travelers in japan]. | five shigella strains isolated from stool cultures of five sporadic imported diarrheal cases in japan during 1999-2001, did not react to any antisera of the established shigella serovars. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of shigella boydii, and were biochemically identical. all strains were positive in a pcr assay and a cultured-cell invasion test for invasiveness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of antigenic analysis revealed that t ... | 2002 | 12030026 |
| [dysentery in poland in 2000]. | the notified number of dysentery cases is still falling down since the year 1995 when bacteriological examination of feces for diagnostic purposes lost free of charge status obtained in 1928 under the legislation act of infectious disease investigation and obligatory registration. only 121 dysentery cases were notified in the year 2000 (incidence 0.31/100,000 population), while 292 cases were notified in 1999 (incidence 0.76/100,000). no one death case was notified. only 2 outbreaks (one due to ... | 2002 | 12371362 |
| subunit interaction of monomeric alanine racemases from four shigella species in catalytic reaction. | bacterial alanine racemases are classified into two types of subunit structure (monomer and homodimer). to clarify the catalytic unit of monomeric alanine racemases, we examined the apparent molecular mass of the monomeric alanine racemases from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei by gel filtration in the presence of the substrate and inhibitor. the enzymes were eluted on gel filtration as a monomer of about 39,000 da at low protein concentration and in ... | 2003 | 12725937 |
| the is1 elements in shigella boydii: horizontal transfer, vertical inactivation and target duplication. | is1(sb) and its two variants were identified as the major and minor is1 elements in shigella boydii. the nucleotide sequences of is1(sb), is1(o157:h7) from escherichia coli o157:h7 and is1f from e. coli k12 suggest that these is1 elements had been horizontally transferred among s. boydii and e. coli o157:h7 and k12. the two is1(sb) variants and is1(o157:h7) have transposition activities 7- to 86-fold less than that of is1(sb), whereas is1f has little transposition activity. analysis of the flank ... | 2003 | 12770720 |
| catecholamines and in vitro growth of pathogenic bacteria: enhancement of growth varies greatly among bacterial species. | the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of catecholamines on in vitro growth of a range of bacterial species, including anaerobes. bacteria tested included: porphyromonas gingivalis, bacteriodes fragilis, shigella boydii, shigella sonnie, enterobacter sp, and salmonella choleraesuis. the results of the current study indicated that supplementation of bacterial cultures in minimal medium with norepinephrine or epinephrine did not result in increased growth of bacteria. positive contro ... | 2003 | 12865092 |
| [dysentery in poland in 2001]. | the notified number of dysentery cases is still very low, similar to the number reported in 2000. only 128 cases were notified in the year 2001 (incidence 0.33/100,000 population) while 121 cases were notified in 2000 (incidence 0.31/100,000). no death due to dysentery was notified. the last three death cases were notified in 1999. only one outbreak of foodborne infection due to s. sonnei involving 28 patients was registered, less than in 2000 when 2 outbreaks, one due to s. flexneri and one due ... | 2003 | 12926313 |
| a cross-reactive polyol-responsive monoclonal antibody useful for isolation of core rna polymerase from many bacterial species. | the use of antibodies for protein purification is a powerful technique but the release of the target protein in its active form is often difficult. so called "polyol-responsive" monoclonal antibodies (pr-mabs) have a feature that allows elution of the antigen under very gentle conditions, so that even multi-subunit proteins can be released in their active form. in this work a pr-mab, 8rb13, was isolated that can purify rna polymerase (rnap) from many different bacterial species. high specificity ... | 2003 | 12963353 |
| [new type of shigella boydii provisional serotype ca/792]. | | 1953 | 13111658 |
| [a paracolobactrum having a somatic antigen of the provisional type shigella boydii 11 and of e. coli o 105]. | | 1953 | 13148786 |
| [some characteristics of shigella sonnei and shigella boydii 6; their value for differential diagnosis]. | | 1954 | 13158954 |
| provisional shigella boydii infections in egyptian children. | | 1954 | 13174506 |
| [serologic characteristics of the shigella sonnei mutant rapidly fermenting lactose; antigenic relation between shigella sonnei phase il and shigella boydii 6]. | | 1954 | 13218368 |
| [shigella boydii; temporary types and classification of the group]. | | 1955 | 13300382 |
| [isolation of shigella boydii 2 in germany]. | | 1955 | 13300391 |
| shigella boydii serotypes in egypt. | | 1956 | 13331864 |
| [not available]. | | 1956 | 13340481 |
| [comparative study of shigella boydii 3 and a paracolobactrum anaerogenes]. | | 1956 | 13363037 |