| purification of legionella pneumophila major outer membrane protein and demonstration that it is a porin. | we have purified the major outer membrane protein (momp) of legionella pneumophila, determined that it is associated with peptidoglycan, and characterized it as a porin. to purify the momp, we used a simple, rapid, three-step procedure that gave us the protein in high yield. the first step of the purification procedure involved selectively extracting the momp from whole bacterial cells with calcium and zwitterionic detergent. the second and third steps achieved purification by ion-exchange and m ... | 1985 | 2579942 |
| construction and comparison of recombinant plasmids encoding type 1 fimbriae of members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | the genes encoding type 1 fimbriae of salmonella typhimurium, enterobacter cloacae, and serratia marcescens were cloned in escherichia coli. all transformants possessing recombinant plasmids were shown to be fimbriate and demonstrated mannose-sensitive hemagglutinating activity. a comparison of the physical maps of these plasmids revealed little similarity among them, although plasmids encoding type 1 fimbriae of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae appeared similar with respect to restric ... | 1985 | 2580786 |
| diagnostic considerations and interpretation of microbiological findings for evaluation of chronic prostatitis. | seventy-five patients attending a clinic for chronic prostatitis were evaluated by use of lower urinary tract localization cultures. coagulase-negative staphylococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and diphtheroids were the most common isolates, but none of these organisms were pathogens, based on the absence of bacteriuria or evidence of an inflammatory response in prostatic secretions. recognized uropathogens were isolated in 12 (16%) of the 75 cases and included escherichia coli in 6 cases, en ... | 1989 | 2584375 |
| hygienic status of food handlers. | the study demonstrated bacterial species on hands and nails of food-handlers before and after hand-washing. those were staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., micrococcus spp., bacillus spp., diphtheroid, aeromonas hydrophila, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas spp., proteus mirabilis, serratia spp., citrobacter freundii. before hand washing, each food-handler harboured one to eight bacterial species. after hand-washing (eight with water fr ... | 1989 | 2584903 |
| ciprofloxacin in neonatal enterobacter cloacae septicaemia. | multiresistant enterobacter cloacae infection in six premature infants was eradicated with intravenous ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg/day). bacterial resistance did not develop. adequate plasma ciprofloxacin concentrations were achieved in all treated patients. no clinical evidence of side effects was observed. | 1989 | 2589876 |
| in vitro activity of sulbactam in combination with various beta-lactam antibiotics. | forty-three strains (beta-lactamase positive and negative) from the species of haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, acinetobacter baumanii, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied for synergy between sulbactam and several beta-lactam antibiotics. using a checkerboard method, synergy was observed with 10 to 55% of the beta-lactamase negative strains. synergy was more frequent with the strains producing b ... | 1989 | 2591176 |
| clavulanate and beta-lactamase induction. | concern has been expressed that clavulanate can antagonize ticarcillin against enterobacteria and pseudomonads that have inducible expression of chromosomal 'class i' beta-lactamases. it is suggested that clavulanate-induced enzyme inactivates ticarcillin, which itself is a feeble inducer. we confirmed that this mechanism applied, showing that antagonism was abolished in beta-lactamase-basal mutants of inducible strains. antagonism has been reported in double disc tests with strains of pseudomon ... | 1989 | 2606817 |
| regulation of enterobacterial cephalosporinase production: the role of a membrane-bound sensory transducer. | in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, resistance to the newer beta-lactam antibiotics often results from overproduction of a cephalosporinase encoded by the beta-lactam-inducible ampc gene. regulation of ampc is controlled by the divergently expressed activator gene, ampr, and a second unlinked locus. in this presentation we show that although escherichia coli has lost its ampr gene it has retained the second regulatory locus and that this comprises the bicistronic ampde operon. genetic ... | 1989 | 2607970 |
| glutathione transferase in bacteria: subunit composition and antigenic characterization. | the presence of glutathione transferase (gst; ec 2.5.1.18) in escherichia coli atcc 25922, e. coli atcc 25422, proteus vulgaris atcc 8427, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853, klebsiella oxytoca cip 666, k. oxytoca af 101, enterobacter cloacae cip 6085, serratia marcescens cip 6755, and proteus mirabilis af 2924 was investigated. using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate, gst activity was found in the glutathione-(gsh-)affinity-purified fraction of all strains tested. sds-page analysis of gsh ... | 1989 | 2614380 |
| enumeration of enterobacter cloacae after chloramine exposure. | growth of enterobacter cloacae on various media was compared after disinfection. this was done to examine the effects of monochloramine and chlorine on the enumeration of coliforms. the media used were tly (nonselective; 5.5% tryptic soy broth, 0.3% yeast extract, 1.0% lactose, and 1.5% bacto-agar), m-t7 (selective; developed to recover injured coliforms), m-endo (selective; contains sodium sulfite), tlys (tly with sodium sulfite), and m-t7s (m-t7 with sodium sulfite). sodium sulfite in any medi ... | 1989 | 2619309 |
| antibacterial activity of the new carbapenem meropenem (sm-7338) against clinical isolates. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of the new carbapenem antibiotic meropenem (sm-7338) against 567 clinical isolates was evaluated. sm-7338 exhibited activity against a broad spectrum of organisms, including aerobes and anaerobes, and was superior to the other beta-lactam drugs tested (piperacillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin). sm-7338 was more active than imipenem, gentamicin and amikacin against enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. sm-7338 was less potent tha ... | 1989 | 2620673 |
| a comparison of aztreonam and imipenem induction of class i beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047. | aztreonam and imipenem were shown to induce class i beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047 to a similar extent. quantitatively, however, aztreonam was far less efficient as an inducer than imipenem. optimum induction by aztreonam required a concentration of 200 mg/l, which was 800-fold greater than the concentration of 0.25 mg/l of imipenem which resulted in the optimum induction. the differences in the concentrations of aztreonam and imipenem that gave optimum induction were related ... | 1989 | 2621176 |
| oral gram-negative bacilli in bone marrow transplant patients given chlorhexidine rinses. | fifteen bone marrow transplant (bmt) patients who received three 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (chx) mouthrinses daily for eight weeks were monitored weekly for the occurrence of oral opportunistic gram-negative bacilli (gnb). tongue and buccal mucosa were sampled with use of culturette swabs that were streaked on plates containing selective macconkey agar. after incubation, colony-forming units were scored and putative gnb classified with use of the api 20e rapid identification system and sup ... | 1989 | 2632605 |
| a clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections. | we have treated 42 episodes of pediatric infections with sulbactam/ampicillin since 1987. included were 9 cellulitis, 9 urinary tract infections, 5 cervical lymphadenitis, 4 meningitis, 2 thoracic empyema, 2 osteomyelitis, 2 sepsis, 1 furuncle, 1 perianal abscess, 1 dental abscess, 1 peritonsillitis, 1 salmonellosis, 1 shigellosis, 1 peritonitis, 1 suppurative thyroiditis, 1 infective endocarditis. responsible pathogens were escherichia coli in 8, staphylococcus aureus in 6, hemophilus influenza ... | 1989 | 2637593 |
| spontaneous focal intestinal perforation in prematurity: report of three cases. | three premature neonates with a localized perforation of the intestine, but not associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) or gastrointestinal anomaly are reported. the birth weight of these babies was around 1500 g and they exhibited striking similarities in the clinical course. before laparotomy, nec was firstly impressed. abdominal distension, refusal of feedings, poor activity and respiratory distress were the major manifestations. pneumoperitoneum was all detected before operation. the ... | 1989 | 2637614 |
| l-658,310, a new injectable cephalosporin. iii. experimental chemotherapeutics and pharmacokinetics in laboratory animals. | the therapeutic activity of l-658,310 was demonstrated in experimental bacteremias in normal, diabetic and neutropenic mice. especially potent activity was shown against the usually difficult to control pathogens, enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa, that were resistant to ceftazidime and/or gentamicin. pharmacokinetic studies in mice showed a linear dose response in serum after the 20 and 50 mg/kg subcutaneous dose and urinary recoveries of administered dose of about 60% in 6 hours. ... | 1989 | 2656617 |
| fce 22101 and fce 22891: in-vitro antibacterial activity at concentrations simulating human plasma levels following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. | the plasma concentrations of fce 22101 observed following slow intravenous infusions (1 and 4 h), intramuscular injection and after oral administration of the prodrug fce 22891 were simulated in a glass chamber containing bacterial cultures. the bacteria used were staphylococcus aureus atcc 13709, staph. aureus 2101 (methicillin-resistant), streptococcus faecium atcc 8043, escherichia coli atcc 12407, enterobacter cloacae 1321e and ent. cloacae p99 (cefazolin-resistant). addition of fce 22101 wa ... | 1989 | 2659570 |
| comparison of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cefepime (bmy-28142) with ceftazidime, cefuzonam, cefotaxime and cefmenoxime. | cefepime (bmy-28142), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with ceftazidime, cefuzonam, cefotaxime and cefmenoxime. cefepime showed a well-balanced, broad spectrum of activity against a number of clinical isolates collected in japan. the activity of cefepime against gram-positive bacteria was several times greater than that of ceftazidime, nearly comparable to cefotaxime and cefmenoxime, and slightly weaker than cefuzona ... | 1989 | 2663406 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. a study mainly focused on ofloxacin (the second report). reported by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility on clinical isolates]. | susceptibilities of various clinical isolates to ofloxacin (oflx) and other antibacterial drugs were examined at 128 hospital laboratories in 36 prefectures throughout japan between april, 1986 and march, 1987. the results were totalized with an emphasis mainly on oflx and were compared with data obtained in the previous year. in this study, identification and susceptibility tests of the isolates were carried out at each hospital laboratory and the tests were performed according to the 1-dilutio ... | 1989 | 2664255 |
| "spontaneous" pneumocephalus associated with aerobic bacteremia. | three cases of "spontaneous" pneumocephalus suspected to have resulted from aerobic bacteremia caused by enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, and klebsiella aerogenes are reported. in two cases, the e. cloacae and k. aerogenes were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. these cases were characterized by a rapid accumulation of air, without niveau, in the subarachnoid space and ventricles. | 1989 | 2670144 |
| in-vitro activity of fce 22101 and other beta-lactam antibiotics against enterobacteriaceae resistant to third generation cephalosporins. | the in-vitro activity of fce 22101 was compared with those of imipenem, aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and latamoxef against 225 enterobacteriaceae (209 clinical isolates and 16 derivatives of escherichia coli k12) chosen for their resistance (mic greater than or equal to 8 mg/l) to third-generation cephalosporins. the beta-lactamases produced by the strains of enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and esch. coli were identified. the mean mics of fce 22101 were 2-8 mg/l for ent. cloaca ... | 1989 | 2676939 |
| the virulence of enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens in experimental bladder infection in diabetic mice. | diabetic mice were significantly more susceptible than normal mice to bladder infection with enterobacter cloacae or serratia marcescens but not to intraperitoneal infection. normal urine inhibited the growth of e. cloacae and s. marcescens, whereas urine from diabetic mice permitted multiplication. the addition of urea to urine from diabetic mice restored its antibacterial properties for e. cloacae and s. marcescens. we consider that the decreased urea content of the urine of diabetic mice was ... | 1989 | 2677380 |
| [antibacterial and bactericidal activities of japanese green tea]. | we found that extracts of japanese green tea leaves inhibited the growth of various bacteria causing diarrheal diseases. all tea samples tested showed antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, vibrio cholerae o1, v. cholerae non o1. v. parahaemolyticus, v. mimicus, campylobacter jejuni and plesiomonas shigelloides. none of the tea samples had any effect on the growth of v. fluvialis, aeromonas sobria, a. hydrophila, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enteritidis, ente ... | 1989 | 2677434 |
| electrophoretic typing of enterobacter cloacae with a limited set of enzyme stains. | hospital isolates of enterobacter cloacae were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for enzyme polymorphism and the results were compared with established serotyping, phage typing and biotyping techniques. initially, the diversity of electromorphs of 13 enzymes was determined on a representative set of 62 distinct strains. two broad clusters of strains were found in the species, and analysis by serotype suggested a limited diversity within the most frequent o serotypes. a subset of thr ... | 1989 | 2680546 |
| evaluation of numerical analysis of sds-page of protein patterns for typing enterobacter cloacae. | twenty cultures comprising 13 clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae from two hospitals, the type and another reference stain of e. cloacae and the type strains of four other enterobacter sp. and of escherichia coli, were characterized by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of whole-cell proteins. the protein patterns were highly reproducible and were used as the basis of a numerical analysis which divided the clinical isolates into nine clear ... | 1989 | 2680547 |
| epidemic of serratia marcescens bacteremia in a cardiac intensive care unit. | from 16 july through 27 september 1988, seven cases of nosocomial serratia marcescens bacteremia occurred in a cardiac care unit. in all seven case patients, s. marcescens was isolated from blood cultures. two of the seven had other microorganisms identified in the blood culture in which s. marcescens was recovered; one had enterobacter cloacae, and one had klebsiella pneumoniae. a case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for bloodstream infection. case patients were more likely ... | 1989 | 2681247 |
| beta-lactamase-catalyzed aminolysis of depsipeptides: proof of the nonexistence of a specific d-phenylalanine/enzyme complex by double-label isotope trapping. | the steady-state kinetics of the enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase-catalyzed aminolysis of the depsipeptide m-[[(phenylacetyl)glycyl]oxy]benzoic acid by d-phenylalanine were consistent with an ordered sequential mechanism with d-phenylalanine binding first [pazhanisamy, s., govardhan, c. p., & pratt, r. f. (1989) biochemistry (first of three papers in this issue)]. in terms of this mechanism, the kinetics data required that in 20 mm mops buffer, ph 7.5, the dissociation constant of the ini ... | 1989 | 2684267 |
| intravenous/oral ciprofloxacin therapy versus intravenous ceftazidime therapy for selected bacterial infections. | the efficacy and toxicity of sequential intravenous and oral ciprofloxacin therapy was compared with intravenously administered ceftazidime in a prospective, randomized, controlled, non-blinded trial. thirty-two patients (16 patients receiving ciprofloxacin and 16 patients receiving ceftazidime) with 38 infections caused by susceptible pseudomonas aeruginosa, enteric gram-negative rods, salmonella group b, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas cepacia, and xanthomonas maltophilia at various sites wer ... | 1989 | 2686417 |
| intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections. | a total of 82 patients involving 83 episodes of proven or presumed bacterial infection were treated with sulbactam/ampicillin. these included 36 cases of soft tissue infection or abscess, four cases of joint or bone infection, 20 cases of respiratory tract infection (17 cases of pneumonia, two of otitis media, and one of tonsillitis), 15 urinary tract infections, three cases of enterocolitis, one case of infective endocarditis, two cases of septicemia, and two of peritonitis. the causative patho ... | 1989 | 2686918 |
| cefotaxime pharmacokinetics and treatment of meningitis in neonates. | pharmacokinetic studies on cefotaxime/desacetylcefotaxime were carried out in very low birth weight newborns (n = 18; 500-1500 g; 28.4 +/- 2.4 weeks gestational age) during the first week of life. we have previously reported that the elimination t 1/2 of cefotaxime (3.4-6.4 h) and desacetylcefotaxime (9.4 h) was longer than previously described in term infants and children. in very low birth weight neonates, a single 50 mg/kg daily dose of cefotaxime may produce accumulation of the metabolite de ... | 1989 | 2689352 |
| a comparative evaluation of oral ofloxacin versus intravenous cefotaxime therapy for serious skin and skin structure infections. | in a single-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial, 100 successive patients were enrolled with serious skin and soft-tissue infections, whose illnesses had precipitated an initial hospital admission or an extension of inpatient care. there were 93 evaluable patients who received either ofloxacin, 400 mg orally every 12 hours plus an intravenously administered placebo every eight hours, or cefotaxime, 2.0 g intravenously every eight hours plus an orally administered placebo every 12 hours. th ... | 1989 | 2690621 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1986). i. susceptibility distribution]. | susceptibilities to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections at 8 hospitals in japan from july to october in 1986 are summarized as follows. 1. enterococcus faecalis was susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (st) and imipenem (ipm) with mic90s of 0.78 and 1.56 microgram/ml. minocycline had the strongest activity against staphylococcus aureus; the mics for all strains tested were lower than 0.39 microgram/ml. the mic80s of dicl ... | 1989 | 2691714 |
| ampg is essential for high-level expression of ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae. | mutants of enterobacter cloacae 55 were studied to delineate more completely the genetics of inducible expression of ampc beta-lactamase. e. cloacae 55m-l, derived by mutagenesis from a mutant with high-level cefotaxime resistance (mic, greater than 64 micrograms/ml), e. cloacae 55m, demonstrated a novel phenotype by producing only low levels of ampc constitutively. neither the parental phenotype of e. cloacae 55m nor the wild-type phenotype of e. cloacae 55 could be restored in e. cloacae 55m-l ... | 1989 | 2692514 |
| emergence of resistance in gram-negative bacilli during beta-lactam therapy: a challenge for the future. | the means by which gram-negative bacilli can resist newer beta-lactam antibiotics are reviewed. a first situation is generated by mutants which produce great amounts of a chromosomal cephalosporinase. these cells are present (frequency: 10(-4) to 10(-7] within bacterial populations such as enterobacter cloacae, and multiply after selection during therapy by third-generation cephalosporins or monobactams. a second problem arose by 1985, with the sudden development of plasmid-mediated beta-lactama ... | 1989 | 2693106 |
| beta-lactamase stability and antibacterial activity of cefpirome alone and in combination with other antibiotics. | the antibacterial activity of cefpirome (hr810), a new cephalosporin, was compared with that of other "third-generation" cephalosporins, as well as cefuroxime, piperacillin and gentamicin. cefpirome was the most active beta-lactam antibiotic against gram-negative bacteria. the mic90 for enterobacteriaceae was always less than 0.5 ml/l except for enterobacter species. the mic90 against pseudomonas species was 2 mg/l, which was equal to that of ceftazidime and gentamicin. cefpirome was also more a ... | 1989 | 2698794 |
| enteric group 17 in clinical isolates. | the enteric group 17, a new group of enterobacteriaceae, has been classified (by the centers for disease control, atlanta, georgia, u.s.a.) based on its positive methyl-red test as well as its negative response to voges-proskauer, motility, rhamnose and melibiose fermentation tests. the isolation rate of enteric group 17 among 500 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae in taiwan is 1.8% (9/500). this finding recommends that taiwan's hospital laboratories should pay particular attention to the p ... | 1989 | 2700157 |
| psychrotrophic, proteolytic and lipolytic properties of enterobacteriaceae isolated from milk and dairy products. | most of the enterobacteriaceae strains (73 out of 75) isolated in a previous study (wessels et al., 1988) were psychrotrophic on agar plates, with the exception of enterobacter cloacae strains. the enterobacteriaceae strains were largely non-proteolytic on milk agar medium although limited numbers of e. cloacae, serratia rubidaea and klebsiella oxytoca strains were capable of proteolytic activity at 25 degrees c. the e. cloacae and k. oxytoca strains positive at 25 degrees c were also proteolyti ... | 1989 | 2701399 |
| epidemiological typing of enterobacter aerogenes. | the applicability of enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella typing reagents for classifying clinical strains of enterobacter aerogenes was evaluated. of 75 strains, none were agglutinated by e. cloacae o antisera or were sensitive to e. cloacae bacteriophages. in contrast, 70 strains reacted with klebsiella capsular antisera. two-thirds of the strains were lysed by klebsiella typing phages. a set of five e. aerogenes bacteriocin producers classified 92% of strains into 15 sensitivity types. in conc ... | 1989 | 2715326 |
| [enterobacter cloacae infection and marked hypophosphatemia in a patient on hemodialysis]. | | 1989 | 2716402 |
| multiply beta-lactam resistant enterobacter cloacae infections linked to the environmental flora in a unit for cardiothoracic and vascular surgery. | during the period march 1987-may 1988, postoperative infection or colonization with enterobacter cloacae occurred in 9/379 (2.4%) patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery. five of the patients were infected with multiply beta-lactam resistant e. cloacae, of whom 4 had been infected with an identical, resistant strain during intervals of months. this strain was also found in the environmental flora of the cardiovascular operating suite and in a sink reservoir in the surgery department. all 4 ... | 1989 | 2727635 |
| comparative activity of newer antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli. | the in vitro activities of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, aztreonam, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin were concurrently determined against over 1,000 isolates of gram-negative bacilli from clinical specimens of patients at the cleveland clinic. cephalosporins, penicillins, and aztreonam were active against species of enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, and enterobacter cloacae. ... | 1989 | 2731335 |
| activity of fce 22891 compared with cefuroxime axetil and cefixime in pulmonary and subcutaneous infections in mice. | the therapeutic activity of fce 22891 was compared with that of two new oral cephalosporins, cefuroxime axetil and cefixime against streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory infection and subcutaneous abscesses induced by mixed aerobes and anaerobes in mice. in experimental pneumonia fce 22891 was the most active antibiotic. in aerobic abscesses fce 22891 proved the most active agent in infections induced by methicillin susceptible and resistant staphylococcus aureus while all three compounds were ve ... | 1989 | 2732136 |
| activity of fce 22101 and other beta-lactam antibiotics against experimental genital infections in the rat and mouse. | the therapeutic activities of the parenterally administered penem fce 22101, cefuroxime and ampicillin were compared in an experimental model of genital infections in progesterone-treated virgin rats and normal female mice. treatment with fce 22101 significantly inhibited the proliferation of staphylococcus aureus atcc 13709, escherichia coli g and enterobacter cloacae 1321 e, as compared with untreated controls. against staph. aureus ampicillin was slightly more active than cefuroxime, which sh ... | 1989 | 2732137 |
| in-vitro activity of the penem, fce 22101, and tentative interpretive criteria for disc susceptibility tests. | the in-vitro activities of two penems (fce 22101 and sch 34343) were compared to those of a carbapenem (imipenem), a monobactam (aztreonam) and three cephalosporins (cefoperazone, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime). fce 22101 displayed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including anaerobic bacteria. imipenem and aztreonam, however, were a little more potent against susceptible species. fce 22101 was bactericidal against 14 of 18 isolates ... | 1989 | 2732139 |
| septicaemia caused by an enterobacter cloacae strain varying in resistance against cephalosporins. | enterobacter cloacae, sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftazidime), was isolated from the stoma of a patient with leukaemia. one month later, he developed a fatal septicaemia, caused by an identical strain isolated from blood cultures. he had been treated with several antibacterial agents, including cefotaxime. the blood culture strain seemed to be a mixture of four variants with different resistance patterns to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. one variant was extremely s ... | 1989 | 2737758 |
| plasma tumor necrosis factor levels in patients with presumed sepsis. results in those treated with antilipid a antibody vs placebo. | using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) in 38 patients who were treated with either antilipid a antibody or a placebo for presumed gram-negative bacteremia. sixteen of the 38 patients had positive blood cultures: 14 with gram-negative rods and 2 with streptococcus pneumoniae. initial serum samples for tnf determinations were obtained within 2 to 72 hours (mean, 18.8 hours) after the onset of clinical signs of sepsis. six (16%) of 38 pa ... | 1989 | 2739019 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates]. | pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (ipm/cs) were performed in neonates. the results were as follow: 1. a total of 27 patients consisting of 17 mature and 10 immature infants were treated with ipm/cs. each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, and it was administered 2 approximately 3 times daily, in a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion for 3 approximately 12 days. the clinical efficacy of ipm/cs in 10 patients with bacterial infections (2 with sepsis, 3 with sus ... | 1989 | 2746857 |
| in vitro bactericidal activity and post-antibiotic effect of dactimicin, a new aminoglycoside, alone and in combination with other antibiotics. | the bactericidal activity of dactimicin, a novel aminoglycoside, has been tested in vitro in combination with piperacillin, mezlocillin and ceftazidime against freshly isolated gram-negative and gram-positive aerobes and compared with that of amikacin. using the checkerboard test, the combination of dactimicin and amikacin with the other drugs resulted in a synergistic interaction with the enterobacteriaceae strains analysed in 36 out of 39 and 37 out of 39 cases, respectively. antagonism was ne ... | 1989 | 2752911 |
| microbiological survey of selected imported spices and associated fecal pellet specimens. | a microbiological survey was performed on 4 selected imported spices: black peppercorns, white peppercorns, coriander, and fennel seed. aerobic plate count values ranged from 10(4) to 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu)/g for black and white peppercorns and from 10(3) to 10(5) cfu/g for coriander and fennel seed. combined results of the 3-tube most probable number procedure and the api 20e kit indicated the presence of escherichia coli in 4 test samples of black peppercorns, 1 test sample of white ... | 1989 | 2759995 |
| purification, composition, and activity of two bactenecins, antibacterial peptides of bovine neutrophils. | extracts of granules of bovine neutrophils are known to exhibit a marked antibacterial activity in vitro. by a simple, two-step chromatographic procedure, we have resolved two peptide components of the antibacterial system. they were named bac-5 and bac-7 from the general term bactenecin and had molecular masses of about 5 and 7 kilodaltons, respectively. over 45 and 20% of the amino acid residues in the two bactenecins are proline and arginine, respectively. the remaining amino acids are mainly ... | 1989 | 2777377 |
| enterobacter hormaechei, a new species of the family enterobacteriaceae formerly known as enteric group 75. | the name enterobacter hormaechei is proposed for a new species of the family enterobacteriaceae, formerly called enteric group 75, which consists of 23 strains, 22 of which were isolated from humans. dnas from 12 e. hormaechei strains tested were highly related to the type strain (atcc 49162) by dna hybridization, using the hydroxyapatite method (80 to 97% in 60 degrees c reactions; 80 to 90% in 75 degrees c reactions). the strains were most closely related (50 to 63%) to enterobacter cloacae, e ... | 1989 | 2778068 |
| in-vitro activity of tigemonam, an oral monobactam, against gram-negative rods, including variants in beta-lactamase-production. | tigemonam was compared in vitro with other orally active beta-lactams, aztreonam and ciprofloxacin against a selection of gram-negative clinical isolates and laboratory-derived beta-lactamase-producing variants. of the orally active beta-lactams, tigemonam was the most potent, with a spectrum of activity similar to that of aztreonam. this included stability to plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases and poor induction of chromosomal beta-lactamases. the susceptibility to class i enzymes was only clinic ... | 1989 | 2785102 |
| effect of the 3'-leaving group on turnover of cephem antibiotics by a class c beta-lactamase. | it has been previously demonstrated for class a beta-lactamases and the dd-peptidase of streptomyces r61 that the presence of a leaving group at the 3'-position of a cephalosporin can lead to the generation of more-inert acyl-enzyme intermediates than from cephalosporins lacking such a leaving group, and thus to beta-lactamase inhibitors and potentially better antibiotics. in the present work we extend this result to a class c beta-lactamase, that of enterobacter cloacae p99. the effect is not s ... | 1989 | 2785791 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of the new semisynthetic cephalosporin cefpirome. | cefpirome (hr 810), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, was found to have a broad antibacterial spectrum against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. against staphylococcus aureus, cefpirome was more active than not only cefotaxime and ceftazidime but also cefotiam. against gram-negative bacteria, especially, enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii, it was also more active than the other antibiotics tested, but against pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was less active than ceftazid ... | 1989 | 2785801 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluations of a new broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin, bmy-28232, and its prodrug esters. | the in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, bmy-28232 (7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetamido]-3-[ (z)-1- propenyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid), was compared with those of cefuroxime and bmy-28488, the 3-vinyl congener of bmy-28232, against 899 bacteria including strains resistant to newer cephalosporins. bmy-28232 displayed potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with high stability to various types of beta-lactamase. its acetoxyethyl ester (bmy-28271) and pivaloyloxymet ... | 1989 | 2786371 |
| in-vitro activity of fce 22101 against respiratory tract pathogens with reference to production of beta-lactamases. | fce 22101 is a new penem with broad antibacterial spectrum, excluding the pseudomonads, and has stability to many beta-lactamases. fce 22101 and imipenem were very potent against the bacteria studied, including beta-lactamase producing strains, which can be isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections (mic less than or equal to 8 mg/l). no strains were found to be resistant to fce 22101. fce 22101 was rapidly bactericidal and more stable to inactivation by beta-lactamases from branha ... | 1989 | 2786517 |
| interactions of fce 22101 with class i beta-lactamases. | hyperproduction of chromosomal class i beta-lactamase causes resistance to newer cephalosporins in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia spp. and indole-positive proteeae. we examined the interactions of fce 22101 with these enzymes, measuring (i) antibiotic lability to pure enzyme, (ii) inducing power and (iii) activity against beta-lactamase-inducible strains and their -depressed and -basal mutants. turnover numbers of fce 22101 were between 0.7 and 1.5 molecules hydrolysed/min/ ... | 1989 | 2786519 |
| in-vitro activity of fce 22101 and synergy studies with other antimicrobial agents. | fce 22101 is a penem antibiotic with broad in-vitro activity similar to that of imipenem, although less active against pseudomonas aeruginosa. combinations of fce 22101 with ciprofloxacin or gentamicin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staph. epidermidis resulted in addition or indifference by the chequerboard method. the combination of fce 22101 and gentamicin against streptococcus faecalis was usually additive. against enterobacter cloacae fce 22101 ... | 1989 | 2786520 |
| enhanced in-vitro bactericidal activity of amikacin combined with latamoxef, cefotaxime and aztreonam against multi-resistant enterobacter cloacae. | the in-vitro interactions of amikacin with latamoxef, cefotaxime and aztreonam were studied for 20 multiresistant strains of enterobacter cloacae isolated from clinical specimens of nosocomial origin. all the strains were resistant to amikacin, cefotaxime and aztreonam while 14 were resistant and six sensitive to latamoxef. interactions were studied simultaneously by the killing curve technique after exposure to 16 mg/l of each antibiotic, whenever the mic was above 16 mg/l and 1/4 the mics when ... | 1989 | 2787316 |
| use of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes to prevent ceftriaxone from degrading intestinal resistance to colonization. | six adult volunteers were given 1 g/d of intravenous ceftriaxone for 5 d (consecutive). ceftriaxone and beta-lactamase activities were assayed in fecal samples obtained before and during drug administration, and anaerobic bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, and fungi were counted. in two volunteers, no fecal beta-lactamase activity was detected, but ceftriaxone was present during treatment at concentrations of 1.8-2.0 mg/g of feces. concomitantly, fecal counts of anaerobes in these volunteers dropped ... | 1989 | 2788196 |
| the phototrophic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata sp108 encodes an indigenous class a beta-lactamase. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2.37 kb dna fragment derived from cloning a total dna digest of rhodopseudomonas capsulata sp108 was determined. the dna codes for a beta-lactamase, a protein showing sequence similarity to the ampr protein of enterobacter cloacae and an unidentified open reading frame. hybridization experiments with a probe carrying dna from within the beta-lactamase gene suggests a chromosomal location for the coding sequences in strain sp108 and in sp109, a penicillin-sensitive re ... | 1989 | 2788410 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new carbapenem, sm-7338. | sm-7338, a new carbapenem, inhibited most members of the family enterobacteriaceae at mics of 0.015 to 0.25 microgram/ml, including klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and proteus vulgaris isolates resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and gentamicin. it was two- to eightfold more active than imipenem, but it inhibited pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1 to 8 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the activity of imipenem. haemophilus, neisseria, and branhamella ... | 1989 | 2789493 |
| [the ratios and kinds of clinical bacteria isolated in taiwan's large-size hospitals]. | the prevalence of clinical bacteria, as isolated from linko chang-gung memorial hospital (2,300 beds) in the period january 1985 to december 1986 and from taipei veterans general hospital (2,300 beds) during the period january 1986 to december 1986, was analyzed with the following findings: (i) the isolation ratio of anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bactria during the period of investigation were 7.8% (5,513/70,799) and 92.2% (65,286/70,799), respectively. (ii) of the total aerobic or facult ... | 1989 | 2791722 |
| neurotoxicity of benzylpenicillin in experimental renal failure and enterobacter cloacae meningitis. | the neurotoxic potential of benzylpenicillin administered as a continuous intravenous infusion was studied in rabbits with intact blood-cns barriers, experimentally established enterobacter cloacae meningitis and experimental renal failure, secondary to cephaloridine-induced acute tubular necrosis after iv administration. the concentrations of benzylpenicillin in serum, csf and brain tissue fluid were assayed at the onset of epileptogenic electroencephalographic activity. the brain tissue concen ... | 1989 | 2793645 |
| [clinical experience with cefodizime in bacterial infection of children]. | clinical studies were performed on cefodizime (thr-221, cdzm), a new cephem antibiotic as described below. cdzm was administered to 13 patients in dose levels ranging from 55 to 96 mg/kg/day t.i.d. for 3-7 days (5.5 days on average). these patients included 8 with pneumonia, 2 with tonsillitis, 1 each with bronchitis, phlegmon and urinary tract infection. the overall efficacy rate was 92.3%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 8, good in 4 and poor in 1. bacteriological efficacy was 83.3%, i.e., 5 s ... | 1989 | 2795862 |
| the cutworm peridroma saucia (lepidoptera: noctuidae) supports growth and transport of pbr322-bearing bacteria. | variegated cutworms were exposed to bean plants in microcosms sprayed with pbr322-carrying strains of enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella planticola, and erwinia herbicola. the three bacterial species exhibited differential survival on leaves, in soil, and in guts and fecal pellets (frass) of the insects. high numbers of enterobacter cloacae(pbr322) were detected in all samples, while the other species were unable to establish residence in the insect. to assess the impact of this colonization on si ... | 1989 | 2802606 |
| how predictable is development of resistance after beta-lactam therapy in enterobacter cloacae infection? | certain non-fastidious gram-negative bacilli, notably enterobacter cloacae, although classified as susceptible by usual in-vitro susceptibility testing, often become resistant in patients treated with newer beta-lactam antibiotics. here various in-vitro tests were carried out together with an animal model allowing the quantification of resistance that emerges after short term therapy. mice were challenged (10(8) cfu plus talcum) intraperitoneally with one each of four strains of ent. cloacae. tw ... | 1989 | 2808193 |
| bactericidal activity of meropenem and interactions with other antibiotics. | mics of meropenem for selected clinical isolates of bacteria were determined. killing curves were performed on strains of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staph. aureus (mrsa), methicillin-resistant staph, epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii and acinetobacter spp. a reduction of greater than or equal to 3 x log10 in viable cells was observed at 4 and 6 h of exposure to 4 and 8 x mic, ... | 1989 | 2808210 |
| in vitro activity of tigemonam against multiresistant nosocomial enterobacteriaceae. | tigemonam, an oral monobactam that exhibits beta-lactamase stability similar to that of aztreonam, was tested in vitro against 240 species of enterobacteriaceae (50 escherichia coli, 48 klebsiella pneumoniae, 52 enterobacter cloacae, 32 proteus mirabilis, 22 proteus indole-positive [providencia sp.], 24 serratia sp., and 12 citrobacter sp. all strains were resistant to ampicillin and first-generation cephalosporins. in addition, 77.4% were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, 46.8% to ... | 1989 | 2809700 |
| antibacterial activity in vitro of tigemonam, a new oral monobactam. | using a broth microdilution method, the antibacterial activity of tigemonam, a novel oral monobactam, was evaluated against 217 gram-negative aerobes freshly isolated from clinical specimens. reference antibiotics were amoxicillin, amoxicillin-sulbactam, cephalexin, cefaclor, norfloxacin, and co-trimoxazole. at a concentration of less than or equal to 8 mg/l, tigemonam inhibited 88% of the members of the enterobacteriaceae family. its activity was poor against the nonfermenter pathogens. in comp ... | 1989 | 2809702 |
| bactericidal activity of tigemonam, alone and in combination with gentamicin. | the in vitro bactericidal activity of tigemonam, alone and in combination with gentamicin, was evaluated against various strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, salmonella enteritidis, enterobacter cloacae, proteus mirabilis, and proteus vulgaris. minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were determined on three consecutive days with an inoculum of 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml or a culture in the logarithmic growth phase. the results found tigemon ... | 1989 | 2809703 |
| 3-quaternary ammonium 1-carba-1-dethiacephems. | a series of structurally unique 1-carba-1-dethiacephems is described. the structural stability of the 1-carba-1-dethiacephem nucleus was essential for the preparation of this series of 3-quaternary ammonium carbacephems. the known p-nitrobenzyl 7 beta-(phenoxyacetamido)- 3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy]-1-carba-1-dethia-3-cephem- 4-carboxylate served as both a quaternization substrate as well as a precursor to derivatives such as allyl 7 beta-[[2-[allyloxy)carbonyl]amino-4- thiazoly] (methoxyim ... | 1989 | 2810333 |
| [bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil in the pediatric field]. | in bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpodoxime proxetil (cpdx-pr, cs-807), the following results were obtained: 1. antibacteriological activity antibacteriological activity of r-3746 (na-salt of cefpodoxime), cefaclor (ccl), cephalexin, cefroxadine (cxd), cefazolin (cez), cephalothin (cet) and amoxicillin (ampc) were studied against clinical isolated bacteria following as: staphylococcus aureus (resistant or sensitive of methicillin), escherichia coli (resistant or sensi ... | 1989 | 2810728 |
| inhibition of a class c beta-lactamase by a specific phosphonate monoester. | a phosphonate monoester, m-carboxyphenyl phenylacetamidomethylphosphonate, has been found to be a specific inhibitor of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99. inactivation is rapid (10(3) per second per molar concentration) and reactivation very slow (2.2 x 10(-6) per second). apparently concerted with the inactivation, one equivalent (with respect to the enzyme) of m-hydroxybenzoate is released. reactivation is accelerated by hydroxylamine and benzohydroxamate. this suggests th ... | 1989 | 2814513 |
| beta-lactamase-catalyzed aminolysis of depsipeptides: amine specificity and steady-state kinetics. | beta-lactamases catalyze not only the hydrolysis but also the aminolysis of certain depsipeptides [pratt, r. f., & govardhan, c. p. (1984) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 81, 1302-1306]. this paper explores further the specificity of the aminolysis reaction with respect to the structure of the amine and also the steady-state kinetics of the reaction. the amines preferred by the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 appear to be aromatic d-alpha-amino acids. the general order of substr ... | 1989 | 2819039 |
| beta-lactamase-catalyzed aminolysis of depsipeptides: peptide inhibition and a new kinetic mechanism. | the aminolysis of the depsipeptide m-[[(phenylacetyl)glycyl]oxy]benzoic acid (1) by d-phenylalanine, catalyzed by the beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99, is inhibited by the product of the reaction, (phenylacetyl)glycyl-d-phenylalanine (2), by the peptide analogue of 1, m-[(phenylacetyl)-glycinamido]benzoic acid (3), and by (3-dansylamidophenyl)boronic acid. analysis of the steady-state kinetics of the effect of 2 and 3 on the reaction indicated that both a competitive binding mode and a ... | 1989 | 2819040 |
| cryptosporidial and cytomegaloviral hepatitis and cholecystitis. | we describe an immunosuppressed patient with enteric cryptosporidiosis who developed combined cryptosporidial and cytomegaloviral hepatitis and cholecystitis as well as enterobacter cloacae cholecystitis. to our knowledge, the presence of cryptosporidium in a liver biopsy specimen has not previously been reported. | 1987 | 2820346 |
| effect of lipid fluidity upon the activity and structure of the 39 kda porin from enterobacter cloacae 908s. | the 39 kda porin from enterobacter cloacae 908s was isolated in a lipopolysaccharide-free form using the non-ionic detergent, octylpentaoxyethylene, and reconstituted into vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (dmpc) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (dopc), respectively. porin activity, measured by the rate of hydrolysis of the lipid-impermeant beta-lactam cephazoline by entrapped lactamase, could be demonstrated for porin-dmpc but not for porin-dopc vesicles, and for the former was signific ... | 1987 | 2820792 |
| lipid a precursor from pseudomonas aeruginosa is completely acylated prior to addition of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate. | inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (lps) synthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa at the stage of incorporation of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate (kdo) caused accumulation of a lipid a precursor which contained all of the fatty acids present on the lipid a of mature lps. the enzyme ctp:cmp-3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase (cmp-kdo synthetase) from p. aeruginosa is inhibited by the kdo analog alpha-c-[1,5-anhydro-8-amino-2,7,8-trideoxy-d-manno-octopyranosyl] carboxylate (i), and i is effe ... | 1988 | 2833499 |
| a novel vector allowing the expression of genes in a wide range of gram-negative bacteria. | the construction and use of a novel vector allowing the expression of genes in a wide range of gram-negative bacteria is described. the vector utilizes the regulatory region from is50. the 70-bp promoter region was isolated from one of the terminal inverted repeats of tn5 by creating ecori and sa/i or psti restriction sites by in vitro mutagenesis. this 70-bp region was shown to direct the expression of cat and lacz genes in different bacterial genera including alcaligenes, enterobacter cloacae, ... | 1988 | 2853690 |
| a selection cartridge for rapid detection and analysis of spontaneous mutations including insertions of transposable elements in enterobacteriaceae. | we present a method that allows positive selection and rapid analysis of mutations in enterobacteriaceae. mutations are detected in a 2630 bp selection cartridge inserted in two different bacterial multicopy plasmid vectors. spontaneous mutations in escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii include insertions, deletions and point mutations. the small size of the target sequence facilitates rapid analysis of dna rearrangements by cleavage with restriction enzymes and of any ... | 1988 | 2853830 |
| multiple beta-lactam resistance in enterobacter cloacae following ceftazidime monotherapy. | | 1985 | 2862496 |
| defence reactions of glossina morsitans morsitans against different species of bacteria and trypanosoma brucei brucei. | tsetse flies, glossina morsitans morsitans, fed on rats infected with trypanosoma brucei brucei showed wide fluctuations in total and differential haemocyte counts. similar fluctuations occurred in controls fed on non-infected rats and also between the two groups without showing any difference which could be attributed to the infection. trypanosome infection of the tsetse haemocoel occurred in 16.25% of the flies, starting from the second day after feeding on the infected rats, but salivary glan ... | 1986 | 2872785 |
| the colonization of patients in an intensive treatment unit with gram-negative flora: the significance of the oral route. | an extensive survey of patients and the environment in a newly refurbished intensive care unit showed that the principle species on patients in sites other than the rectum were pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, acinetobacter anitratus and enterobacter cloacae. multiple episodes of cross-infection were occurring with 10 different strains of these organisms. three oral solutions (mouthwashes, 'clinifeeds' and residual water from nasogastric aspiration apparatus) w ... | 1986 | 2873168 |
| pin32: a cointegrate plasmid with inchi2 and incfii components. | an enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the faeces of a child with diarrhoea in indonesia contained a transferable 216 mda plasmid, pin32, exhibiting inchi2 phenotypic characters, including temperature sensitivity of transfer and the expression of h serotype pili at a repressed level. a derivative plasmid (pin32-1), which had lost the inchi2 phenotype, and contained only 60 mda of the original replicon, was obtained after mating at 37 degrees c. it was incfii, showed regions of homology wit ... | 1986 | 2877047 |
| proficiency testing of water microbiology laboratories in the netherlands. | in a 3-year period, four series of simulated water samples containing selected test strains were distributed to more than 50 laboratories in the netherlands for bacteriological testing. participating laboratories examined the samples by enrichment or membrane filtration methods, or both, for total coliform organisms, thermotolerant coliform organisms, faecal streptococci and standard plate counts (37 degrees and 22 degrees c) according to dutch standard methods. the results were quantitatively s ... | 1987 | 2887540 |
| serotypes and biochemical profiles of british hospital strains of enterobacter cloacae in relation to site of infection and antibiotic susceptibility. | comparisons were made between the o-serotype, api 20e profile, site of isolation and antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. correlations were found between autoagglutinable strains and urinary-tract infection, and api 20e profile 3305573 and strains isolated from blood. the proportion of strains sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime and trimethoprim were 100%, 93%, 91%, 83% and 89%, respectively. no individual resistances or patterns of resista ... | 1987 | 2888807 |
| infections with gram-negative bacilli in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit: the relative role of enterobacter. | a 7-month prospective survey for cefazolin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in cardiac surgery patients, receiving cefazolin prophylaxis, showed that 58 (67%) of 87 were colonized with enterobacter, 37 (64%) with citrobacter, 33 (57%) with pseudomonas aeruginosa, and seven (2%) with serratia marcescens. about 50% of colonization occurred before cefazolin prophylaxis and was present on admission to the intensive care unit. typing of strains showed that horizontal transmission accounted for at most ... | 1988 | 2896734 |
| [nosocomial infections with resistant enterobacter cloacae. effects on the disease and the treatment]. | we describe five patients with serious nosocomial infection caused by resistant enterobacter cloacae. four of the patients underwent cardiovascular operations and were infected with an identical, multiple beta-lactam resistant e cloacae strain. the fifth patient was admitted with several wounds and skin-ulcers containing both resistant and sensitive e cloacae of other types. the resistant strain caused septicemia in four patients; three developed multiorgan failure and one died. the most probabl ... | 1989 | 2916217 |
| in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin compared with other agents against recent hospital isolates. | ciprofloxacin's in vitro activity was tested against 385 hospital isolates originating from three geographically distinct regions. of all strains tested, only three (1 acinetobacter sp. and 2 pseudomonas aeruginosa) were ciprofloxacin resistant. ciprofloxacin was more active against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, acinetobacter sp., proteus sp., shigella sp. than gentamicin, mezlocillin and cefotaxime. it was more active than azlocillin and cefsulodin against p. a ... | 1986 | 2939966 |
| in-vitro activity of newer quinolones against aerobic bacteria. | nalidixic and five newer 4-quinolones, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin were tested against 576 recent clinical aerobic bacterial isolates. the 4-quinolones were regularly active (mic90 less than 4 mg/l) against the following bacteria: staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, s. saprophyticus, different enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus influenzae, campylobacter jejuni, pseudomonas aeruginosa, agrobacter spp., aeromonas spp., plesiomonas spp., neisseria meningitidis. ot ... | 1986 | 2940214 |
| use of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. | the therapeutic efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin was studied in 30 patients with pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. in 20 patients ciprofloxacin was given alone and in 10 patients (including 8 compromised hosts) in combination with an aminoglycoside (9) or azlocillin (1). ciprofloxacin was given in doses of 500 mg orally or 200-300 mg i.v. every 12 h. in patients receiving only ciprofloxacin clinical cure with eradication of bacteria was obtained in 15 patients (75%) with infections of bone ... | 1986 | 2941289 |
| [failure of new beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of severe enterobacter cloacae infections]. | in 12 patients infected with an enterobacter cloacae (e. cl.) initially susceptible to the 3rd generation cephalosporins, we observed the emergence in vivo of variants resistant to most of the new beta-lactam antibiotics (carboxy-penicillins, ureido-penicillins, 3rd generation cephalosporins and aztreonam). these variants remained susceptible to mecillinam and imipenem. the variant emerged under treatment with cefotaxime in 3 cases, with moxalactam in 3 cases, with aztreonam, carbenicillin, and ... | 1986 | 2947158 |
| [bactericidal effect of piperacillin alone and combined]. | the bactericidal activity of piperacillin was evaluated by the kill rate kinetics method. piperacillin compared with amoxicillin, amdinocillin, mezlocillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and latamoxef. against e. coli, piperacillin and antibiotics electively bound to penicillin-binding protein (pbp) 3 had the same, mainly time-dependent, bactericidal activity. antibiotics bound to pbp 1 and 2 mainly have a dose-dependent activity. the bactericidal activity of piperacillin against e. coli was enhanced ... | 1986 | 2949271 |
| [enzymologic aspect of piperacillin combinations]. | like all penicillins, piperacillin exhibits some susceptibility to beta-lactamases of the penicillinase type, including those produced by staphylococcus aureus and the tem, oxa and carb enzymes isolated from gram-negative bacilli. piperacillin is very slightly hydrolyzed by cephalosporinases, which makes it similar to 3rd generation cephalosporins. when tested with enterobacter cloacae gn 5797 and pseudomonas aeruginosa ntc 8303, two strains which produce inducible cephalosporinases, piperacilli ... | 1986 | 2949272 |
| [piperacillin in the newborn infant. a clinical and pharmacologic study]. | the study involved 70 neonates born at 27 to 48 weeks of pregnancy (mean: 34.2 weeks) and weighing between 840 and 4350 g (mean: 1860 g). in every case piperacillin was combined with an aminoglycoside. the infants were treated for materno-foetal infection (14), post-partum infection (19), enterocolitis (18, surgical in 9 cases) and other post-operative infections (19). the antibiotic combination was given prophylactically in 2 cases. fifty micro-organisms were isolated in 39 patients: 24 from bl ... | 1986 | 2949281 |
| teicoplanin for therapy of gram-positive infections in neutropenic patients. | teicoplanin was evaluated in 20 febrile neutropenic patients as additional treatment for suspected gram-positive infections after inadequate response to initial empiric ceftazidime monotherapy. five patients with primary septicaemia, four with secondary septicaemia, 12 with localized infections and three with pyrexia of unknown origin were treated with teicoplanin (200 mg bolus intravenously, once daily after a 400 mg loading dose), whilst ceftazidime (2 g, 8-hourly, 30 min infusions) was contin ... | 1987 | 2964418 |
| significance of bacterial flora in abdominal irradiation-induced inhibition of lung metastases. | we have previously reported that abdominal irradiation prior to i.v. injection of syngeneic tumor cells reduced metastases in lung. our report described an investigation of the significance of intestinal organisms in the radiation effect. we found that eliminating intestinal organisms with antibiotics totally abolished the radiation effect. monoassociation of germ-free mice revealed that the radiation effect was observable only for enterobacter cloacae, never for streptococcus faecium, bifidobac ... | 1988 | 2966670 |
| differences in the gastrointestinal microbiota of specific pathogen free mice: an often unknown variable in biomedical research. | large differences were found in the numbers of facultatively anaerobic gram-negative bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of mice from 3 major specific pathogen free (spf) units in australia. the species isolated also differed between mouse colonies. in one unit the presence of enterobacter cloacae was found to dramatically influence the survival of mice following total body irradiation. this finding conforms with previous studies which have shown the influence of variation in gastrointestinal ... | 1988 | 2976437 |
| the beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99. chemical properties, n-terminal sequence and interaction with 6 beta-halogenopenicillanates. | the beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 consists of one polypeptide chain of mr 39000 devoid of disulphide bridges and free thiol groups. it contains an unusually high proportion of tyrosine and tryptophan. the n-terminal sequence exhibits overlaps with the tryptic peptide obtained after labelling the active site with 6 beta-iodopenicillanate. the active-site serine residue is at position 64. the homology with the chromosomal beta-lactamase of escherichia coli k 12 (ampc gene) is lower wi ... | 1985 | 2988516 |