| dipeptidyl aminopeptidase iv from stenotrophomonas maltophilia exhibits activity against a substrate containing a 4-hydroxyproline residue. | the crystal structure of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase iv from stenotrophomonas maltophilia was determined at 2.8-a resolution by the multiple isomorphous replacement method, using platinum and selenomethionine derivatives. the crystals belong to space group p4(3)2(1)2, with unit cell parameters a = b = 105.9 a and c = 161.9 a. dipeptidyl aminopeptidase iv is a homodimer, and the subunit structure is composed of two domains, namely, n-terminal beta-propeller and c-terminal catalytic domains. at the ... | 2008 | 18820015 |
| an efficient method for visualization and growth of fluorescent xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in planta. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight disease, is a serious pathogen of rice. here we describe a fluorescent marker system to study virulence and pathogenicity of x. oryzae pv. oryzae. | 2008 | 18826644 |
| in silico comparison of transcript abundances during arabidopsis thaliana and glycine max resistance to fusarium virguliforme. | sudden death syndrome (sds) of soybean (glycine max l. merr.) is an economically important disease, caused by the semi-biotrophic fungus fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, recently renamed fusarium virguliforme (fv). due to the complexity and length of the soybean-fusarium interaction, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance and susceptibility to the pathogen are not fully understood. f. virguliforme has a very wide host range for the ability to cause root rot and a very narrow host r ... | 2008 | 18831797 |
| specific detection of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola in infected rice plant by use of pcr assay targeting a membrane fusion protein gene. | successful control of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak, requires a specific and reliable diagnostic tool. a pathovar-specific pcr assay was developed for the rapid and accurate detection of the plant pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola in diseased plant. based on differences in a membrane fusion protein gene of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and other microorganisms, which was generated from ncbi (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and cm ... | 2008 | 18852502 |
| mutational analysis of the gum gene cluster required for xanthan biosynthesis in xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. | genome sequence analysis of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has revealed a cluster of 12 orfs that are closely related to the gum gene cluster of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. the gum gene cluster of x. oryzae encodes proteins involved in xanthan production; however, there is little experimental evidence supporting this. in this study, biochemical analyses of xanthan produced by a defined set of x. oryzae gum mutant strains allowed us to preliminarily assign functions to most of the gum g ... | 2009 | 18854951 |
| structural characterization of a novel sulfated menaquinone produced by stf3 from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, produces unique sulfated metabolites associated with virulence. one such metabolite from m. tuberculosis lipid extracts, s881, has been shown to negatively regulate the virulence of m. tuberculosis in mouse infection studies, and its cell-surface localization suggests a role in modulating host-pathogen interactions. however, a detailed structural analysis of s881 has remained elusive. here we use high-resolution, high-mass-accuracy ... | 2008 | 18928249 |
| antagonistic interactions between strains of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | abstract the ability of some phytopathogenic bacterial strains to inhibit the growth of others in mixed infections has been well documented. here we report that such antagonistic interactions occur between several wild-type strains of the rice bacterial blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. in mixed inoculations, a wild-type philippine strain was found to inhibit the growth of a wild-type korean strain. furthermore, a nonpathogenic mutant of the philippine strain maintained these antago ... | 2003 | 18943057 |
| inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in 21 cultivars of rice. | abstract genetic analysis for resistance to bacterial blight (xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) of 21 rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars was carried out. these cultivars were divided into two groups based on their reactions to philippine races of bacterial blight. cultivars of group 1 were resistant to race 1 and those of group 2 were susceptible to race 1 but resistant to race 2. all the cultivars were crossed with tn1, which is susceptible to all the philippine races of x. oryzae pv. oryzae. f(1) a ... | 2003 | 18943128 |
| identification of specific fragments of hpag xooc, a harpin from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, that induce disease resistance and enhance growth in plants. | harpin proteins from gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria can stimulate hypersensitive cell death (hcd) and pathogen defense as well as enhance growth in plants. two of these diverse activities clearly are beneficial and may depend on particular functional regions of the proteins. identification of beneficial and deleterious regions might facilitate the beneficial use of harpin-related proteins on crops without causing negative effects like cell death. here, we report the identification and t ... | 2008 | 18943254 |
| a fragment of the xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola harpin hpag xooc reduces disease and increases yield of rice in extensive grower plantings. | harpins of phytopathogenic bacteria stimulate defense and plant growth in many types of plants, conferring disease resistance and enhanced yield. in a previous study, we characterized nine fragments of the harpin protein hpag(xooc) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola for plant defense elicitation and plant growth stimulation activity relative to the intact protein. in plants grown under controlled conditions, the fragment hpag10-42 was more active in both regards than hpag(xooc). here, we demo ... | 2008 | 18943255 |
| new gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice located on chromosome 12 identified from minghui 63, an elite restorer line. | abstract bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is a serious disease of rice worldwide. a new dominant gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice, xa25(t), was identified from minghui 63, a restorer line for a number of rice hybrids that are widely cultivated in china. this gene conferred resistance to philippine race 9 (pxo339) of x. oryzae pv. oryzae in both seedling and adult stages. it was mapped to the centromeric region of chromosome 12, 2.5 cm from a disease resistan ... | 2002 | 18943271 |
| the internal glycine-rich motif and cysteine suppress several effects of the hpag(xooc) protein in plants. | abstract hpag(xooc), produced by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, is a member of harpin group of proteins that stimulate plant growth, hypersensitive cell death (hcd), and pathogen defense. the protein contains two copies of the glycine-rich motif (grm), a characteristic of harpins, and a cysteine, which is absent in other harpins. genetic modification generated the pro-tein mutants hpag(xooc)mg (mg) by deleting grms and hpag(xooc)c47t (c47t) by replacing cysteine with threonine. when applied t ... | 2006 | 18943492 |
| dynamics of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae populations in korea and their relationship to known bacterial blight resistance genes. | abstract developing resistant cultivars requires an understanding of the dynamics of the pathogen populations as well as the genetics of host resistance. bacterial leaf blight (bb), caused by the vascular pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, has become one of the most devastating diseases of rice. we demonstrate here the quantitative analyses of responses of near-isogenic lines carrying various bb resistance (r) genes and r-gene combinations against 16 x. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates representi ... | 2006 | 18943752 |
| involvement of phosphoglucose isomerase in pathogenicity of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | abstract xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of rice, was subjected to transposon mutagenesis to generate mutants defective in pathogenicity. a novel mutant 74m913 was attenuated in virulence but retained its ability to cause the hypersensitive response in leaf blight-resistant rice and tomato. cloning and sequence analysis revealed that the transposon in 74m913 was inserted in a gene homologous to the phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi) gene of x. axonopodis pv. ... | 2004 | 18943766 |
| expression of harpin(xoo) in transgenic tobacco induces pathogen defense in the absence of hypersensitive cell death. | abstract harpin(xoo), encoded by the hpag(xoo) gene of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is a member of the harpin group of proteins that induce pathogen resistance and hypersensitive cell death (hcd) in plants. we elaborated whether both processes are correlated in hpag(xoo)-expressing tobacco (hartob) plants, which produced harpin(xoo) intracellularly. resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens increased in hartob, in correlation with the expression of hpag(xoo), the gene npr1 that regu ... | 2004 | 18943792 |
| genetic and functional characterization of the rice bacterial blight disease resistance gene xa5. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of rice bacterial blight, a destructive rice disease worldwide. the gene xa5 provides race-specific resistance to x. oryzae pv. oryzae, and encodes the small subunit of transcription factor iia. how xa5 functions in bacterial blight resistance is not well understood, and its recessive gene action is disputed. here we show that xa5 is inherited in a completely recessive manner and the susceptible allele xa5 is fully dominant. in accordance with th ... | 2008 | 18944079 |
| localizing the bacterial blight resistance gene, xa22(t), to a 100-kilobase bacterial artificial chromosome. | abstract the rice bacterial blight resistance gene, xa22(t), provides resistance to a broad spectrum of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates. here, we localize the gene to a small 100-kb fragment of chromosome 11 by a combination of genetic recombination analysis and physical mapping. mapping was done with two f(2) populations from the cross between zhachanglong and zhenzhuai. the first population consisted of 248 random individuals and 404 highly susceptible individuals selected from an f(2) ... | 2003 | 18944325 |
| genetic diversity of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains from sri lanka. | abstract sixty strains of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, collected from 29 locations in sri lanka in 1995, were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism using either polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16s and 23s rdna or the repetitive dna element is1112 from x. oryzae pv. oryzae as hybridization probes. two different ribogroups were observed in the sri lankan strains using rdna probes, whereas five clusters were identified by the is1112 probe. bootstrap analysis revealed that the f ... | 2000 | 18944593 |
| genotypic and pathotypic diversity in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in nepal. | abstract among the 171 strains of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (the bacterial blight pathogen of rice) collected from eight rice-producing zones in nepal, 31 molecular haplotypes were distinguished using two polymerase chain reaction-based assays. six common haplotypes represented nearly 63% of the strains, and some haplotypes were geographically dispersed. multiple correspondence analysis divided the collection into five putative genetic lineages. lineages 1, 2, and 4 were the most frequently ... | 1999 | 18944682 |
| distribution of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains virulent to xa21 in korea. | abstract strains of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae that are virulent to rice lines carrying the xa21 resistance gene were widely distributed in korea. a total of 105 strains collected during 1987 to 1996 in korea was characterized by pathogenicity tests and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the xorii methyltransferase (xoriim) and avrxa10 genes. although the lesion lengths on rice line irbb21, which carries xa21, decreased as plant age increased, resistance and susceptibility o ... | 1999 | 18944737 |
| primary disease gradients of bacterial blight of rice. | abstract the dispersal potential of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, causal agent of bacterial blight of rice (oryzae sativa), was investigated through measurement of primary disease gradients. plants within individual hills of rice were inoculated, and the number of new lesions in the primary generation of dispersal from these inoculated sources was counted. two dispersal models that can describe the number of infections at the source (the kiyosawa and shiyomi and the modified gregory) were fit t ... | 1999 | 18944805 |
| genetic diversity within the population of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in india. | abstract xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae causes a serious disease of rice in india and is endemic in all of the major rice-growing areas of the country. sixty-seven x. oryzae pv. oryzae strains, collected mostly in 1994 and 1995, from 18 locations in india were analyzed by dna fingerprinting methods using two separate repeat element probes from the x. oryzae pv. oryzae genome. these results show that strains belonging to a single pathogen lineage can be isolated from 16 of the 18 locations sa ... | 1997 | 18945099 |
| movement of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in southeast asia detected using pcr-based dna fingerprinting. | abstract two outwardly directed primers complementary to sequences in is1112, a repetitive element isolated from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, were used to fingerprint dna from a set of 71 bacterial blight pathogen strains using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), pcr-based restriction analysis, and ligation-mediated pcr. to allow amplification of long dna fragments, standard amplification conditions were altered to increase the ph, add dimethylsulfoxide, decrease denaturation time, and increase e ... | 1997 | 18945173 |
| genomic characterization of ralstonia solanacearum phage phirsb1, a t7-like wide-host-range phage. | phirsb1 is a wide-host-range, t7-like bacteriophage that infects and efficiently lyses the phytopathogenic bacterium ralstonia solanacearum. the phirsb1 genome comprises 43,079 bp of double-stranded dna (61.7% g+c) with 325-bp terminal repeats and contains 47 open reading frames. strong activity of tandem early promoters and wide specificity of phage promoters of phirsb1 were demonstrated. | 2009 | 18952798 |
| genomic characterization of ralstonia solanacearum phage phirsb1, a t7-like wide-host-range phage. | phirsb1 is a wide-host-range, t7-like bacteriophage that infects and efficiently lyses the phytopathogenic bacterium ralstonia solanacearum. the phirsb1 genome comprises 43,079 bp of double-stranded dna (61.7% g+c) with 325-bp terminal repeats and contains 47 open reading frames. strong activity of tandem early promoters and wide specificity of phage promoters of phirsb1 were demonstrated. | 2009 | 18952798 |
| the prediction of protein-protein interaction networks in rice blast fungus. | protein-protein interaction (ppi) maps are useful tools for investigating the cellular functions of genes. thus far, large-scale ppi mapping projects have not been implemented for the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea, which is responsible for the most severe rice disease. inspired by recent advances in ppi prediction, we constructed a ppi map of this important fungus. | 2008 | 18976500 |
| expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of xoo2316, a predicted 6-phosphogluconolactonase, from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight, which is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (oryza sativa l.) in many rice-growing countries. the coding sequence of xoo2316 (a predicted 6-phosphogluconolactonase; 6pgl) from xoo was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. 6pgl is an enzyme that is involved in the second step of the pentose phosphate pathway, which is essential for the synthesis of nucleotide sugars and nadph, the main source of reducing power. the protein ... | 2008 | 18997330 |
| expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of peptide deformylase from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | peptide deformylase (pdf) catalyzes the removal of the n-formyl group from the n-terminus of newly synthesized polypeptides; this process is crucial for cell survival. as it is an antibacterial drug target against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), pdf from xoo was cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized. native pdf crystals diffracted to 2.7 a resolution and belonged to the hexagonal space group p6(1)22, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 59.0, c = 266.3 a. one monomer is present in the a ... | 2008 | 18997334 |
| identification and molecular characterization of twin-arginine translocation system (tat) in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain pxo99. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial leaf blight, one of the most widespread and destructive bacterial diseases in rice. this study identified and characterized the contribution of the twin-arginine translocation (tat) pathway to motility, chemotaxis, extracellular polysaccharide (eps) production and virulence in x. oryzae pv. oryzae strain pxo99. the tatc disruption mutant (strain tcm) of strain pxo99 were generated, and confirmed both by pcr and southern blotting. strain pxo99 cells ... | 2009 | 18998110 |
| cell death upon epigenetic genome methylation: a novel function of methyl-specific deoxyribonucleases. | alteration in epigenetic methylation can affect gene expression and other processes. in prokaryota, dna methyltransferase genes frequently move between genomes and present a potential threat. a methyl-specific deoxyribonuclease, mcrbc, of escherichia coli cuts invading methylated dnas. here we examined whether mcrbc competes with genome methylation systems through host killing by chromosome cleavage. | 2008 | 19025584 |
| oryr is a luxr-family protein involved in interkingdom signaling between pathogenic xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight in rice, contains a regulator that is encoded in the genome, designated oryr, which belongs to the n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl)-dependent quorum-sensing luxr subfamily of proteins. however, we previously reported that x. oryzae pv. oryzae does not make ahls and does not possess a luxi-family ahl synthase and that the oryr protein is solubilized by a compound present in rice. in this study we obtained further evidence tha ... | 2009 | 19028884 |
| oryr is a luxr-family protein involved in interkingdom signaling between pathogenic xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight in rice, contains a regulator that is encoded in the genome, designated oryr, which belongs to the n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl)-dependent quorum-sensing luxr subfamily of proteins. however, we previously reported that x. oryzae pv. oryzae does not make ahls and does not possess a luxi-family ahl synthase and that the oryr protein is solubilized by a compound present in rice. in this study we obtained further evidence tha ... | 2009 | 19028884 |
| acquisition and evolution of plant pathogenesis-associated gene clusters and candidate determinants of tissue-specificity in xanthomonas. | xanthomonas is a large genus of plant-associated and plant-pathogenic bacteria. collectively, members cause diseases on over 392 plant species. individually, they exhibit marked host- and tissue-specificity. the determinants of this specificity are unknown. | 2008 | 19043590 |
| expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of xoo0352, d-alanine-d-alanine ligase a, from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight (bb), which is one of the most devastating diseases of rice in most rice-growing countries. d-alanine-d-alanine ligase a (ddla), coded by the xoo0352 gene, was expressed, purified and crystallized. ddla is an enzyme that is involved in d-alanine metabolism and the biosynthesis of an essential bacterial peptidoglycan precursor, in which it catalyzes the formation of d-alanyl-d-alanine from two d-alanines, and is thus an attractive antiba ... | 2008 | 19052362 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of 3-dehydroquinate synthase, xoo1243, from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the disease bacterial blight results in serious production losses of rice in asian countries. the arob gene encoding dehydroquinate synthase (dhqs), which is a potential antibiotic target, was identified from the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). dhqs plays an essential role in the synthesis of aromatic compounds in the shikimate pathway. the arob gene (xoo1243) was cloned from xoo and the corresponding dhqs protein was subsequently overexpressed in escherichia coli ... | 2008 | 19052366 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of malonyl-coa-acyl carrier protein transacylase (fabd) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight in rice, which is one of the most devastating diseases in rice-cultivating countries. the xoo0880 (fabd) gene coding for a malonyl-coa-acyl carrier protein transacylase (mcat) from xoo was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. mcat is an essential enzyme that catalyzes a key reaction of fatty-acid synthesis in bacteria and plants: the conversion of malonyl-coa to malonyl-acyl carrier protein. the fabd enzyme was purified and crystal ... | 2008 | 19052370 |
| multiple adhesin-like functions of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae are involved in promoting leaf attachment, entry, and virulence on rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice. we have used enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged x. oryzae pv. oryzae cells in conjunction with confocal microscopy to monitor the role of several adhesin-like functions in bacterial adhesion to leaf surface and early stages of leaf entry. mutations in genes encoding either the xanthomonas adhesin-like protein a (xada) or its paralog, xanthomonas adhesin-like protein b (xadb), as well as the x. oryzae pv. oryzae ... | 2009 | 19061404 |
| identification of novel type iii secretion effectors in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | many gram-negative bacteria secrete so-called effector proteins via a type iii secretion (t3s) system. through genome screening for genes encoding potential t3s effectors, 60 candidates were selected from rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae maff311018 using these criteria: i) homologs of known t3s effectors in plant-pathogenic bacteria, ii) genes with expression regulated by hrp regulatory protein hrpx, or iii) proteins with n-terminal amino acid patterns associated with t3s substrates o ... | 2009 | 19061406 |
| a novel bacterial blight resistance gene from oryza nivara mapped to 38 kb region on chromosome 4l and transferred to oryza sativa l. | bacterial blight (bb) of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo) is one of the major constraints to productivity in south-east asia. the strategy of using major genes, singly or in combination, continues to be the most effective approach for bb management. currently, more than two dozen genes have been designated but not all the known genes are effective against all the prevalent pathotypes. the challenge, therefore, is to continue to expand the gene pool of effective and potentially d ... | 2008 | 19061530 |
| an orphan luxr homolog of sinorhizobium meliloti affects stress adaptation and competition for nodulation. | the sin/expr quorum-sensing system of sinorhizobium meliloti plays an important role in the symbiotic association with its host plant, medicago sativa. the luxr-type response regulators of the sin system include the synthase (sini)-associated sinr and the orphan regulator expr. interestingly, the s. meliloti rm1021 genome codes for four additional putative orphan luxr homologs whose regulatory roles remain to be identified. these response regulators contain the characteristic domains of the luxr ... | 2009 | 19088317 |
| an orphan luxr homolog of sinorhizobium meliloti affects stress adaptation and competition for nodulation. | the sin/expr quorum-sensing system of sinorhizobium meliloti plays an important role in the symbiotic association with its host plant, medicago sativa. the luxr-type response regulators of the sin system include the synthase (sini)-associated sinr and the orphan regulator expr. interestingly, the s. meliloti rm1021 genome codes for four additional putative orphan luxr homologs whose regulatory roles remain to be identified. these response regulators contain the characteristic domains of the luxr ... | 2009 | 19088317 |
| defence reactions in the apoplastic proteome of oilseed rape (brassica napus var. napus) attenuate verticillium longisporum growth but not disease symptoms. | verticillium longisporum is one of the most important pathogens of brassicaceae that remains strictly in the xylem during most stages of its development. it has been suggested that disease symptoms are associated with clogging of xylem vessels. the aim of our study was to investigate extracellular defence reactions induced by v. longisporum in the xylem sap and leaf apoplast of brassica napus var. napus in relation to the development of disease symptoms, photosynthesis and nutrient status. | 2008 | 19094241 |
| a rice kinase-protein interaction map. | plants uniquely contain large numbers of protein kinases, and for the vast majority of the 1,429 kinases predicted in the rice (oryza sativa) genome, little is known of their functions. genetic approaches often fail to produce observable phenotypes; thus, new strategies are needed to delineate kinase function. we previously developed a cost-effective high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system. using this system, we have generated a protein interaction map of 116 representative rice kinases and 254 ... | 2009 | 19109415 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of glutamyl-trna synthetase (xoo1504) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the gltx gene from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo1504) encodes glutamyl-trna synthetase (glurs), one of the most important enzymes involved in bacterial blight (bb), which causes huge production losses of rice worldwide. glurs is a class i-type aminoacyl-trna synthetase (aars) that is primarily responsible for the glutamylation of trna(glu). it plays an essential role in protein synthesis, as well as the regulation of cells, in all organisms. as it represents an important target for the deve ... | 2009 | 19153456 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of glutamyl-trna synthetase (xoo1504) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the gltx gene from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo1504) encodes glutamyl-trna synthetase (glurs), one of the most important enzymes involved in bacterial blight (bb), which causes huge production losses of rice worldwide. glurs is a class i-type aminoacyl-trna synthetase (aars) that is primarily responsible for the glutamylation of trna(glu). it plays an essential role in protein synthesis, as well as the regulation of cells, in all organisms. as it represents an important target for the deve ... | 2009 | 19153456 |
| constitutive heterologous expression of avrxa27 in rice containing the r gene xa27 confers enhanced resistance to compatible xanthomonas oryzae strains. | the vascular pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) and nonvascular pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc) cause bacterial blight (bb) and bacterial leaf streak (bls) diseases of rice, respectively. we have previously identified the avirulence gene avrxa27 from xoo pxo99(a), which specifically induces the expression of the rice resistance gene xa27, ultimately leading to resistance against bb disease in rice. in this study, we have generated a transgenic rice line (l24) that expre ... | 2009 | 19161350 |
| tracking costs of virulence in natural populations of the wheat pathogen, puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici. | costs of adaptation play an important role in host-parasite coevolution. for parasites, evolving the ability to circumvent host resistance may trade off with subsequent growth or transmission. such costs of virulence (sensu plant pathology) limit the spread of all-infectious genotypes and thus facilitate the maintenance of genetic polymorphism in both host and parasite. we investigated costs of three virulence factors in puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici, a fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aes ... | 2009 | 19183485 |
| validation of candidate genes putatively associated with resistance to scmv and mdmv in maize (zea mays l.) by expression profiling. | the potyviruses sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) and maize dwarf mosaic virus (mdmv) are major pathogens of maize worldwide. two loci, scmv1 and scmv2, have ealier been shown to confer complete resistance to scmv. custom-made microarrays containing previously identified scmv resistance candidate genes and resistance gene analogs were utilised to investigate and validate gene expression and expression patterns of isogenic lines under pathogen infection in order to obtain information about the molecu ... | 2009 | 19187556 |
| a filamentous hemagglutinin-like protein of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the phytopathogen responsible for citrus canker, is involved in bacterial virulence. | xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the phytopathogen responsible for citrus canker has a number of protein secretion systems and among them, at least one type v protein secretion system belonging to the two-partner secretion pathway. this system is mainly associated to the translocation of large proteins such as adhesins to the outer membrane of several pathogens. xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri possess a filamentous hemagglutinin-like protein in close vicinity to its putative transporter protei ... | 2009 | 19194503 |
| a burkholderia cenocepacia orphan luxr homolog is involved in quorum-sensing regulation. | burkholderia cenocepacia utilizes quorum sensing to control gene expression, including the expression of genes involved in virulence. in addition to cepr and ccir, a third luxr homolog, cepr2, was found to regulate gene expression and virulence factor production. all b. cenocepacia strains examined contained this orphan luxr homolog, which was not associated with an adjacent n-acyl-homoserine lactone synthase gene. expression of cepr2 was negatively autoregulated and was negatively regulated by ... | 2009 | 19201791 |
| characterization of regulatory pathways in xylella fastidiosa: genes and phenotypes controlled by gaca. | the xylem-limited, insect-transmitted bacterium xylella fastidiosa causes pierce's disease in grapes through cell aggregation and vascular clogging. gaca controls various physiological processes and pathogenicity factors in many gram-negative bacteria, including biofilm formation in pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. cloned gaca of x. fastidiosa was found to restore the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity in gaca mutants of p. syringae pv. tomato dc3000 and erwinia amylovora. a gaca m ... | 2009 | 19218414 |
| a rice gene of de novo origin negatively regulates pathogen-induced defense response. | how defense genes originated with the evolution of their specific pathogen-responsive traits remains an important problem. it is generally known that a form of duplication can generate new genes, suggesting that a new gene usually evolves from an ancestral gene. however, we show that a new defense gene in plants may evolve by de novo origination, resulting in sophisticated disease-resistant functions in rice. analyses of gene evolution showed that this new gene, osdr10, had homologs only in the ... | 2009 | 19240804 |
| isolation and characterization of bioactive and antibacterial compound from helianthus annuus linn. | a bioactive compound with antibacterial activity was isolated and purified from the extract of leaves of sunflower, helianthus annuus. the bioactive compound was characterized using 1h and 13c nmr. the compound induced auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin in oryza sativa and phaseolus mungo. it also showed activity against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | 2008 | 19245180 |
| involvement of phytosulfokine in the attenuation of stress response during the transdifferentiation of zinnia mesophyll cells into tracheary elements. | phytosulfokine (psk) is a sulfated peptide hormone required for the proliferation and differentiation of plant cells. here, we characterize the physiological roles of psk in transdifferentiation of isolated mesophyll cells of zinnia (zinnia elegans 'canary bird') into tracheary elements (tes). transcripts for a zinnia psk precursor gene, zepsk1, show two peaks of expression during te differentiation; the first accumulation is transiently induced in response to wounding at 24 h of culture, and th ... | 2009 | 19270060 |
| suppression of a phospholipase d gene, ospldbeta1, activates defense responses and increases disease resistance in rice. | phospholipase d (pld) plays an important role in plants, including responses to abiotic as well as biotic stresses. a survey of the rice (oryza sativa) genome database indicated the presence of 17 pld genes in the genome, among which ospldalpha1, ospldalpha5, and ospldbeta1 were highly expressed in most tissues studied. to examine the physiological function of pld in rice, we made knockdown plants for each pld isoform by introducing gene-specific rna interference constructs. one of them, ospldbe ... | 2009 | 19286937 |
| extracellular superoxide anion production contributes to the virulence of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | endogenous superoxide anion production was determined by electron spin resonance in wild-type strains and avrxa7 mutants of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. the localization of superoxide anion was carried out in the intra- and extra-cellular fractions. results showed the presence of superoxide anion in multi-locations of x. oryzae pv. oryzae cells. the extracellular fraction was the major location of superoxide anion production. furthermore, a positive relationship was shown between the levels of ... | 2009 | 19295642 |
| expression of hpagxooc protein in bacillus subtilis and its biological functions. | hpagxooc, from rice pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, is a member of the harpin group of proteins, eliciting hypersensitive cell death in non-host plants, inducing disease and insect resistance in plants, and enhancing plant growth. to express and secret the hpagxooc protein in bacillus subtilis, we constructed a recombinant expression vector pm43hf with stronger promoter p43 and signal peptide element nprb. the sds-page and western blot analysis demonstrated the expression ... | 2009 | 19307770 |
| pathogen-induced expressional loss of function is the key factor in race-specific bacterial resistance conferred by a recessive r gene xa13 in rice. | the fully recessive disease resistance (r) gene xa13, which mediates race-specific resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), encodes a plasma membrane protein that differs by one amino acid from that encoded by its dominant (susceptible) allele xa13. the molecular mechanism of xa13-mediated resistance is largely unknown. here we show that, compared with its dominant allele, expressional non-reaction of xa13 to xoo infection, not its protein composition, is the key factor for xa13-mediat ... | 2009 | 19318375 |
| an adenosine kinase exists in xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris and is involved in extracellular polysaccharide production, cell motility, and virulence. | adenosine kinase (adk) is a purine salvage enzyme and a typical housekeeping enzyme in eukaryotes which catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine to form amp. since prokaryotes synthesize purines de novo and no endogenous adk activity is detectable in escherichia coli, adk has long been considered to be rare in bacteria. to date, only two prokaryotes, both of which are gram-positive bacteria, have been reported to contain adk. here we report that the gram-negative bacterium xanthomonas campestr ... | 2009 | 19329636 |
| genetic exchange of multidrug efflux pumps among two enterobacterial species with distinctive ecological niches. | acrab-tolc is the major multidrug efflux system in enterobacteriaceae recognizing structurally unrelated molecules including antibiotics, dyes, and detergents. additionally, in escherichia coli it mediates resistance to bile salts. in the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora acrab-tolc is required for virulence and phytoalexin resistance. exchange analysis of acrab-tolc was conducted by complementing mutants of both species defective in acrb or tolc with alleles from either species. the acrb and tol ... | 2009 | 19333425 |
| [molecular identification and functional analysis of clpxoo, a homologue to the nucleotide receptor protein in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae]. | to better understand the mechanisms of cyclic di-gmp signaling in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo),the casual pathogen of bacterial blight of rice, molecular identification of clpxoo. | 2009 | 19388261 |
| dissection of the factors affecting development-controlled and race-specific disease resistance conferred by leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase-type r genes in rice. | development-controlled resistance and resistance specificity frequently restrict the application of a disease resistance (r) gene in crop breeding programs. xa3/xa26 and xa21, encoding leucine-rich repeat (lrr)-kinase type plasma membrane proteins, mediate race-specific resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), which causes bacterial blight, one of the most devastating rice diseases. plants carrying xa3/xa26 and plants carrying xa21 have different resistance spectra and the functions of ... | 2009 | 19390838 |
| transcriptomic analysis of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora tto1. | the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its symbiotic bacterium, photorhabdus luminescens, are important biological control agents of insect pests. this nematode-bacterium-insect association represents an emerging tripartite model for research on mutualistic and parasitic symbioses. elucidation of mechanisms underlying these biological processes may serve as a foundation for improving the biological control potential of the nematode-bacterium complex. this large-scale exp ... | 2009 | 19405965 |
| characterization of a canola c2 domain gene that interacts with pg, an effector of the necrotrophic fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | sspg1d, one of endopolygalacturonases, is an important fungal effector secreted by the necrotrophic fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum during early infection. using sspg1d as bait, a small c2 domain protein (designated as ipg-1) was identified by yeast two-hybrid screening of a canola cdna library. deletion analysis confirmed that the c-terminus of ipg-1 is responsible for its interaction with sspg1d in the yeast two-hybrid assay. the sspg1d/ipg-1 interaction was further confirmed in plant cells by ... | 2009 | 19407339 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of beta-ketoacyl-acp synthase iii (fabh) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the bacterial beta-ketoacyl-acp synthase iii (kasiii) encoded by the gene fabh (xoo4209) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, a plant pathogen, is an important enzyme in the elongation steps of fatty-acid biosynthesis. it is expected to be one of the enzymes responsible for bacterial blight (bb), a serious disease that results in huge production losses of rice. as it represents an important target for the development of new antibacterial drugs against bb, determination of the crystal structure of ... | 2009 | 19407376 |
| the xrva gene of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, encoding an h-ns-like protein, regulates virulence in rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight disease in rice, one of the most serious rice diseases. the xrva gene from xoo strain 1,3751 encodes a protein containing a histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein (h-ns) domain. the expression of xrva in strain 1,3751 was enhanced in xom2 minimal medium. mutation of the xrva gene of strain 1,3751 led to a significant reduction in virulence in the host plant rice, a delayed hypersensitive response in the nonhost castor-oil plant, a de ... | 2009 | 19423625 |
| edgar: a software framework for the comparative analysis of prokaryotic genomes. | the introduction of next generation sequencing approaches has caused a rapid increase in the number of completely sequenced genomes. as one result of this development, it is now feasible to analyze large groups of related genomes in a comparative approach. a main task in comparative genomics is the identification of orthologous genes in different genomes and the classification of genes as core genes or singletons. | 2009 | 19457249 |
| host and pathogen factors controlling the rice-xanthomonas oryzae interaction. | | 2009 | 19458115 |
| analysis of crispr system function in plant pathogen xanthomonas oryzae. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) is a bacterial immunity system that requires a perfect sequence match between the crispr cassette spacer and a protospacer in invading dna for exclusion of foreign genetic elements. crispr cassettes are hypervariable, possibly reflecting different exposure of strains of the same species to foreign genetic elements. here, we determined crispr cassette sequences of two xanthomonas oryzae strains and found that one of the strains rem ... | 2009 | 19459963 |
| the calmodulin-binding transcription factor oscbt suppresses defense responses to pathogens in rice. | we previously isolated the oscbt gene, which encodes a calmodulin (cam)-binding protein, from a rice expression library constructed from fungal elicitor-treated rice suspension cells. in order to understand the function of oscbt in rice, we isolated and characterized a t-dna insertion mutant allele named oscbt-1. the oscbt-1 mutant exhibits reduced levels of oscbt transcripts and no significant morphological changes compared to wild-type plant although the growth of the mutant is stunted. howeve ... | 2009 | 19466605 |
| crystallization and x-ray diffraction data collection of topoisomerase iv pare subunit from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | topoisomerase iv is involved in topological changes in the bacterial genome using the free energy from atp hydrolysis. its functions are the decatenation of daughter chromosomes following replication by dna relaxation and double-strand dna breakage. in this study, the n-terminal fragment of the topoisomerase iv pare subunit from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. diffraction data were collected to 2.15 a resolution using a synchrotron- ... | 2009 | 19478444 |
| comparative genomic characterization of francisella tularensis strains belonging to low and high virulence subspecies. | tularemia is a geographically widespread, severely debilitating, and occasionally lethal disease in humans. it is caused by infection by a gram-negative bacterium, francisella tularensis. in order to better understand its potency as an etiological agent as well as its potential as a biological weapon, we have completed draft assemblies and report the first complete genomic characterization of five strains belonging to the following different francisella subspecies (subsp.): the f. tularensis sub ... | 2009 | 19478886 |
| nucleocytoplasmic shuttling activity of ataxin-3. | spinocerebellar ataxia type-3, also known as machado-joseph disease (mjd), is one of many inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by polyglutamine-encoding cag repeat expansions in otherwise unrelated genes. disease protein misfolding and aggregation, often within the nucleus of affected neurons, characterize polyglutamine disorders. several evidences have implicated the nucleus as the primary site of pathogenesis for mjd. however, the molecular determinants for the nucleocytoplasmic transp ... | 2009 | 19503814 |
| the quest to understand the basis and mechanisms that control expression of introduced transgenes in crop plants. | we discuss mechanisms and factors that influence levels and stability of expressed heterologous proteins in crop plants. we have seen substantial progress in this field over the past two decades in model experimental organisms such as arabidopsis and tobacco. there is no question such studies have resulted in furthering our understanding of key processes in the plant cell and the elaboration of sophisticated models to explain underlying mechanisms that might influence the fate, levels and stabil ... | 2006 | 19521484 |
| suppression of the rice fatty-acid desaturase gene osssi2 enhances resistance to blast and leaf blight diseases in rice. | fatty acids and their derivatives play important signaling roles in plant defense responses. it has been shown that suppressing a gene for stearoyl acyl carrier protein fatty-acid desaturase (sacpd) enhances the resistance of arabidopsis (ssi2) and soybean to multiple pathogens. in this study, we present functional analyses of a rice homolog of ssi2 (osssi2) in disease resistance of rice plants. a transposon insertion mutation (osssi2-tos17) and rnai-mediated knockdown of osssi2 (osssi2-kd) redu ... | 2009 | 19522564 |
| a cell wall-degrading esterase of xanthomonas oryzae requires a unique substrate recognition module for pathogenesis on rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight, a serious disease of rice (oryza sativa). lipa is a secretory virulence factor of xoo, implicated in degradation of rice cell walls and the concomitant elicitation of innate immune responses, such as callose deposition and programmed cell death. here, we present the high-resolution structural characterization of lipa that reveals an all-helical ligand binding module as a distinct functional attachment to the canonical hydrolase catalyti ... | 2009 | 19525415 |
| design, synthesis and in vitro antibacterial/antifungal evaluation of novel 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7(1-piperazinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. | a series of 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7(1-piperazinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (norfloxacin) derivatives were prepared according to the principle of combinating bioactive substructures and tested for their activities against five plant pathogenic bacteria and three fungi in vitro. the preliminary bioassays indicated that almost all synthesized target compounds retained the antibacterial activities of norfloxacin and had some antifungal activities as carboxylic acid amide compounds. t ... | 2009 | 19560843 |
| stationary phase expression, purification, and characterization of xorki, a restriction endonuclease from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | an endonuclease from xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae kacc 10331, xorki, was heterologously produced in escherichia coli by applying the stationary state induction method. the yield was 5.4 mg of xorki per liter of lb medium. xorki existed in multiple oligomeric forms as evidenced by gel filtration chromatography. the specific activity of purified xorki was 323000 units per mg. | 2010 | 19594434 |
| systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, orthologous to arabidopsis npr1. | systemic acquired resistance (sar) is induced in non-inoculated leaves following infection with certain pathogenic strains. sar is effective against many pathogens. salicylic acid (sa) is a signaling molecule of the sar pathway. the development of sar is associated with the induction of pathogenesis related (pr) genes. arabidopsis non-expressor of pr1 (npr1) is a regulatory gene of the sa signal pathway 123. sar in soybean was first reported following infection with colletotrichum trancatum that ... | 2009 | 19656407 |
| mini-tn7 vectors as genetic tools for gene cloning at a single copy number in an industrially important and phytopathogenic bacteria, xanthomonas spp. | transposon mini-tn7 vectors insert into the chromosome of several gram-negative bacteria in a site-specific manner. here, we showed the application of mini-tn7 as single copy site-specific integration vector system for xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. the transposition of the mini-tn7 into the bacterial genome was detected at a tn7 attachment (atttn7) site located downstream of glms1. furthermore, using a newly constructed vector pbbr1flp2 containing the flipase (flp) recombinase for site- ... | 2009 | 19659730 |
| analysis of genome expression in the response of oryza granulata to xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. | in order to understand the mechanism of the strong resistance of oryza granulata to xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo), cdna microarrays containing 2,436 cdna clones of oryza granulata derived from suppression subtractive library and cdna library were constructed and genome expression patterns after inoculating xoo were investigated. three hundred and 83 clones were up-regulated, 836 clones were down-regulated after pathogen infection. approximately 800 clones were sequenced and blast search wer ... | 2010 | 19672692 |
| [deletion mutation of rbfcxoo, encoding a putative glycosyltransferase in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae leads to enhanced virulence expression]. | to better understand the structure and biological function of rbfcxoo, a gene with the putative function in lipopolysaccharide o-antigen synthesis in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. | 2009 | 19673409 |
| a "repertoire for repertoire" hypothesis: repertoires of type three effectors are candidate determinants of host specificity in xanthomonas. | the genetic basis of host specificity for animal and plant pathogenic bacteria remains poorly understood. for plant pathogenic bacteria, host range is restricted to one or a few host plant species reflecting a tight adaptation to specific hosts. | 2009 | 19680562 |
| a pair of allelic wrky genes play opposite roles in rice-bacteria interactions. | although allelic diversity of genes has been reported to play important roles in different physiological processes, information on allelic diversity of defense-responsive genes in host-pathogen interactions is limited. here, we report that a pair of allelic genes, oswrky45-1 and oswrky45-2, which encode proteins with a 10-amino acid difference, play opposite roles in rice (oryza sativa) resistance against bacterial pathogens. bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo), bacteri ... | 2009 | 19700558 |
| the tvia auxiliary protein renders the salmonella enterica serotype typhi rcsb regulon responsive to changes in osmolarity. | in response to osmolarity, salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s. typhi) regulates genes required for vi capsular antigen expression oppositely to those required for motility and invasion. previous studies suggest that osmoregulation of motility, invasion and capsule expression is mediated through the rcsc/rcsd/rcsb phosphorelay system. here we performed gene expression profiling and functional studies to determine the role of tvia, an auxiliary protein of the rcsb response regulator, in control ... | 2009 | 19703107 |
| a novel insertion sequence derepresses efflux pump expression and preadapts pseudomonas putida s12 for extreme solvent stress. | a multidrug efflux pump, srpabc, plays a key role in pseudomonas putida s12 tolerance to toxic organic solvents. srprs are putative regulators of the srpabc efflux pump encoded upstream of the srpabc structural genes, and previous studies suggest that srps is a repressor of srpabc expression. an s12 isolate able to withstand extreme solvent stress carries a novel insertion sequence, isppu21, interrupting srps. this insertion preadapts s12 to extreme solvent conditions through constitutive srpabc ... | 2009 | 19717594 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of leucine aminopeptidase (lap) from the pepa gene of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes the serious disease bacterial blight in rice. the pepa (xoo0834) gene from xoo is one of around 100 genes that have been selected for the design of antibacterial drugs. the pepa gene encodes leucine aminopeptidase (lap), an exopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of leucine residues from the n-terminus of a protein or peptide. this enzyme was expressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized, and preliminary x-ray structural studies have been ... | 2009 | 19724142 |
| mutagenesis of the enolase-phosphatase gene in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae affects growth on methylthioadenosine and in vivo s-adenosylmethionine pools. | enolase-phosphatase (e1), as an enzyme, is involved in methionine salvage pathway in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. but the identity and function of e1 in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) remain undetermined. here, we report the cloning and characterization of e1 gene, named xep, from xoo. sequence analysis shows that xep is highly conserved among the six xoo strains we investigated and all other xanthomonas species. the strain with an insertion mutation in xep could not grow when ... | 2009 | 19730818 |
| comparative analyses of genotype dependent expressed sequence tags and stress-responsive transcriptome of chickpea wilt illustrate predicted and unexpected genes and novel regulators of plant immunity. | the ultimate phenome of any organism is modulated by regulated transcription of many genes. characterization of genetic makeup is thus crucial for understanding the molecular basis of phenotypic diversity, evolution and response to intra- and extra-cellular stimuli. chickpea is the world's third most important food legume grown in over 40 countries representing all the continents. despite its importance in plant evolution, role in human nutrition and stress adaptation, very little ests and diffe ... | 2009 | 19732460 |
| mutations that disrupt either the pqq or the gdh gene of rahnella aquatilis abolish the production of an antibacterial substance and result in reduced biological control of grapevine crown gall. | rahnella aquatilis hx2, a biocontrol agent for grapevine crown gall caused by agrobacterium vitis, produces an antibacterial substance that inhibits the growth of a. vitis in vitro. in this study, we show that mh15 and mh16, two tn5-induced mutants of hx2, have lost their abilities to inhibit a. vitis and have reduced biocontrol activities; they grow in logarithmic phase at a rate similar to that of the wild type and have single tn5 insertions. they are also impaired in producing pyrroloquinolin ... | 2009 | 19734331 |
| combination of chromogenic differential medium and esta-specific pcr for isolation and detection of phytopathogenic xanthomonas spp. | a xanthomonad differential medium (designated xan-d medium) was developed, on which streaks and colonies of xanthomonads, including 13 species of the genus xanthomonas, turned wet-shining yellow-green and were surrounded with a smaller milky zone and a bigger clear zone in 3 to 4 days. the characteristics could easily be differentiated from those of yellow nonxanthomonads and other bacteria. the mechanism of color change and formation of a milky zone on the medium are mainly due to the tween 80 ... | 2009 | 19749062 |
| distinct changes in soybean xylem sap proteome in response to pathogenic and symbiotic microbe interactions. | plant systemic signaling characterized by the long distance transport of molecules across plant organs involves the xylem and phloem conduits. root-microbe interactions generate systemic signals that are transported to aerial organs via the xylem sap. we analyzed the xylem sap proteome of soybean seedlings in response to pathogenic and symbiotic interactions to identify systemic signaling proteins and other differentially expressed proteins. | 2009 | 19772575 |
| cannibalism enhances biofilm development in bacillus subtilis. | cannibalism is a mechanism to delay sporulation in bacillus subtilis. cannibal cells express the skf and sdp toxin systems to lyse a fraction of their sensitive siblings. the lysed cells release nutrients that serve to feed the community, effectively delaying spore formation. here we provide evidence that the subpopulation of cells that differentiates into cannibals is the same subpopulation that produces the extracellular matrix that holds cells together in biofilms. cannibalism and matrix form ... | 2009 | 19775247 |
| purification, crystal structure and antimicrobial activity of phenazine-1-carboxamide produced by a growth-promoting biocontrol bacterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa mml2212. | to purify and characterize an antimicrobial compound produced by a biocontrol bacterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa mml2212, and evaluate its activity against rice pathogens, rhizoctonia solani and xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | 2010 | 19778345 |
| proteome analysis of probenazole-effect in rice-bacterial blight interactions. | to study the effect of probenazole on the induced systemic resistance mechanism of rice-bacterial interaction, a proteomic approach was applied. oryza sativa cv. java 14 seedlings were treated with probenazole, followed by inoculation with compatible (xo7435) and incompatible (t7174) races of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. cytosolic proteins were fractionated from leaf blades, separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. pathogenesis-related protein 5 (pr5) was significantly ... | 2009 | 19799551 |
| legionella pneumophila secretes an endoglucanase that belongs to the family-5 of glycosyl hydrolases and is dependent upon type ii secretion. | examination of cell-free culture supernatants revealed that legionella pneumophila strains secrete an endoglucanase activity. legionella pneumophila lspf mutants were deficient for this activity, indicating that the endoglucanase is secreted by the bacterium's type ii protein secretion (t2s) system. inactivation of cela, encoding a member of the family-5 of glycosyl hydrolases, abolished the endoglucanase activity in l. pneumophila culture supernatants. the cloned cela gene conferred activity up ... | 2009 | 19817866 |
| oswrky62 is a negative regulator of basal and xa21-mediated defense against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice. | the rice xa21 gene, which confers resistance to the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), encodes a receptor-like kinase. few components involved in transducing the xa21-mediated defense response have yet been identified. here, we report that xa21 binds to a wrky transcription factor, called oswrky62. the oswrky62 gene encodes two splice variants (oswrky62.1 and oswrky62.2). oswrky62.1:smgfp2 and oswrky62.2:smgfp2 fusion proteins partially localize to the nucleus. transgenic pl ... | 2008 | 19825552 |
| altered disease development in the eui mutants and eui overexpressors indicates that gibberellins negatively regulate rice basal disease resistance. | gibberellins (gas) form a group of important plant tetracyclic diterpenoid hormones that are involved in many aspects of plant growth and development. emerging evidence implicates that gas also play roles in stress responses. however, the role of gas in biotic stress is largely unknown. here, we report that knockout or overexpression of the elongated uppermost internode (eui) gene encoding a ga deactivating enzyme compromises or increases, respectively, disease resistance to bacterial blight (xa ... | 2008 | 19825558 |
| isolation and manipulation of quantitative trait loci for disease resistance in rice using a candidate gene approach. | bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and fungal blast caused by magnaporthe grisea result in heavy production losses in rice, a main staple food for approximately 50% of the world's population. application of host resistance to these pathogens is the most economical and environment-friendly approach to solve this problem. quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling quantitative resistance are valuable sources for broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance. although large nu ... | 2008 | 19825581 |
| [expression of the hrcc, hrpe and hpa3 genes is not regulated by the hrpg and hrpx genes in a rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola]. | the hrp (hypersensitive response on nonhost plants and pathogenicity in host plants) gene cluster, which conforms xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak in rice, to the ability to elicit a hypersensitive response (hr) in nonhost tobacco and pathogenicity in host rice, is thought to be regulated by the hrpg and hrpx genes. however, it is unclear whether the hrpg and hrpx genes regulate all the hrp gene expression of the cluster coordinately or not. | 2009 | 19835162 |