| tobacco use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection. | abstract: active smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of bacterial infection. tobacco smoke exposure increases susceptibility to respiratory tract infections, including tuberculosis, pneumonia and legionnaires disease; bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea; helicobacter pylori infection; periodontitis; meningitis; otitis media; and post-surgical and nosocomial infections. tobacco smoke compromises the anti-bacterial ... | 2008 | 19094204 |
| increased tlr4 expression in murine placentas after oral infection with periodontal pathogens. | maternal periodontitis has emerged as a putative risk factor for preterm births in humans. the periodontitis-associated dental biofilm is thought to serve as an important source of oral bacteria and related virulence factors that hematogenously disseminate and affect the fetoplacental unit; however the underlying biological mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. this study hypothesized that an oral infection with the human periodontal pathogens campylobacter rectus and porphyromonas gingival ... | 2009 | 19101032 |
| oral abscess caused by campylobacter rectus: case report and literature review. | campylobacter rectus was isolated under routine anaerobic conditions (no additional hydrogen gas in the atmosphere) from an oral, nonperiodontal abscess from a patient with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. we report the first case of a palate abscess caused by c. rectus and review the literature and atmospheric requirements of this organism. | 2009 | 19109480 |
| periodontal pathogen levels in adolescents before, during, and after fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. | this purpose of this study was to document and investigate changes in periodontal pathogen levels before, during, and after orthodontic treatment in adolescents. | 2009 | 19121507 |
| bacterial profiles of oral streptococcal and periodontal bacterial species in saliva specimens from japanese subjects. | recent developments in molecular biological techniques have increased understanding of the distribution of oral bacterial species in clinical specimens, though few investigations have been conducted to simultaneously detect oral streptococcal and periodontal species in the same specimens. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution and correlation of 6 oral streptococcal and 6 periodontal species in saliva specimens taken from children and their mothers. | 2009 | 19230860 |
| antibiotic resistance in campylobacter: emergence, transmission and persistence. | campylobacter is a leading foodborne bacterial pathogen, which causes gastroenteritis in humans. this pathogenic organism is increasingly resistant to antibiotics, especially fluoroquinolones and macrolides, which are the most frequently used antimicrobials for the treatment of campylobacteriosis when clinical therapy is warranted. as a zoonotic pathogen, campylobacter has a broad animal reservoir and infects humans via contaminated food, water or milk. antibiotic usage in both animal agricultur ... | 2009 | 19257846 |
| oral infectious diseases: a potential risk factor for hiv virus recrudescence? | as the highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has transitioned human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection into a 'chronic disease' management strategy, there is growing evidence that infection with non-hiv pathogens in hiv+ patients may have important public health implications in undermining haart success and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome progression. several bacterial and host cell products during infections with non-hiv pathogens have shown the capacity to regulate hiv replicatio ... | 2009 | 19364391 |
| are putative periodontal pathogens reliable diagnostic markers? | periodontitis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. a number of putative bacterial pathogens have been associated with the disease and are used as diagnostic markers. in the present study, we compared the prevalence of oral bacterial species in the subgingival biofilm of generalized aggressive periodontitis (gap) (n = 44) and chronic periodontitis (cp) (n = 46) patients with that of a periodontitis-resistant control group (pr) (n = 21). the control group consisted of subjects ... | 2009 | 19386852 |
| microbe-induced epigenetic alterations in host cells: the coming era of patho-epigenetics of microbial infections. a review. | it is well documented that the double-stranded dna (dsdna) genomes of certain viruses and the proviral genomes of retroviruses are regularly targeted by epigenetic regulatory mechanisms (dna methylation, histone modifications, binding of regulatory proteins) in infected cells. in parallel, proteins encoded by viral genomes may affect the activity of a set of cellular promoters by interacting with the very same epigenetic regulatory machinery. this may result in epigenetic dysregulation and subse ... | 2009 | 19388554 |
| is obesity an oral bacterial disease? | the world-wide explosion of overweight people has been called an epidemic. the inflammatory nature of obesity is widely recognized. could it really be an epidemic involving an infectious agent? in this climate of concern over the increasing prevalence of overweight conditions in our society, we focus on the possible role of oral bacteria as a potential direct contributor to obesity. to investigate this possibility, we measured salivary bacterial populations of overweight women. saliva was collec ... | 2009 | 19587155 |
| adaptation of porphyromonas gingivalis to microaerophilic conditions involves increased consumption of formate and reduced utilization of lactate. | porphyromonas gingivalis, previously classified as a strict anaerobe, can grow in the presence of low concentrations of oxygen. microarray analysis revealed alteration in gene expression in the presence of 6 % oxygen. during the exponential growth phase, 96 genes were upregulated and 79 genes were downregulated 1.4-fold. genes encoding proteins that play a role in oxidative stress protection were upregulated, including alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpcf), superoxide dismutase (sod) and thiol p ... | 2009 | 19684063 |
| oral bacteria induce a differential activation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 promoter in t cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) can integrate into t cells, macrophages and dendritic cells resulting in a latent infection. reports have also demonstrated that various microbial and host cell factors can trigger hiv reactivation leading to hiv recrudescence, potentially undermining highly active antiretroviral therapies. | 2009 | 19702954 |
| comparisons of subgingival microbial profiles of refractory periodontitis, severe periodontitis, and periodontal health using the human oral microbe identification microarray. | this study compared the subgingival microbiota of subjects with refractory periodontitis (rp) to those in subjects with treatable periodontitis (grs = good responders) or periodontal health (ph) using the human oral microbe identification microarray (homim). | 2009 | 19722792 |
| distribution of periodontopathic bacterial species in japanese children with developmental disabilities. | recent developments in molecular biological techniques have enabled rapid detection of periodontopathic bacterial species in clinical specimens. accumulated evidence suggests that detection of specific bacterial species enables identification of subjects at high risk for the onset of periodontitis. we investigated the distribution of 10 selected periodontopathic bacterial species in dental plaque specimens obtained from children with disabilities who were attending daycare centers. | 2009 | 19772671 |
| subgingival bacterial colonization profiles correlate with gingival tissue gene expression. | periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the microbiota of the periodontal pocket. we investigated the association between subgingival bacterial profiles and gene expression patterns in gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis. a total of 120 patients undergoing periodontal surgery contributed with a minimum of two interproximal gingival papillae (range 2-4) from a maxillary posterior region. prior to tissue harvesting, subgingival plaque samples were collected from the m ... | 2009 | 19835625 |
| microbiologic changes in subgingival plaque after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances. | to evaluate changes that occur in the subgingival microbiota after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2009 | 19852608 |
| clinical status and detection of periodontopathogens and streptococcus mutans in children with high levels of supragingival biofilm. | knowledge about the presence of some important oral pathogens is an important step in better identifying children at risk for periodontal and/or caries diseases in later life. the purpose of this study was to detect the presence of streptococcus mutans (sm), aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (aa), campylobacter rectus (cr), porphyromonas gingivalis (pg), prevotella intermedia (pi), and tannerella forsythia (tf) in gingival biofilm samples from 196 children, and to assess whether any of these ... | 2009 | 19893968 |
| a genomic island defines subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. | the pathogen campylobacter fetus comprises two subspecies, c. fetus subsp. fetus and c. fetus subsp. venerealis. although these taxa are highly related on the genome level, they are adapted to distinct hosts and tissues. c. fetus subsp. fetus infects a diversity of hosts, including humans, and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract. in contrast, c. fetus subsp. venerealis is largely restricted to the bovine genital tract, causing epidemic abortion in these animals. in light of their close genetic ... | 2010 | 19897645 |
| a genomic island defines subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. | the pathogen campylobacter fetus comprises two subspecies, c. fetus subsp. fetus and c. fetus subsp. venerealis. although these taxa are highly related on the genome level, they are adapted to distinct hosts and tissues. c. fetus subsp. fetus infects a diversity of hosts, including humans, and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract. in contrast, c. fetus subsp. venerealis is largely restricted to the bovine genital tract, causing epidemic abortion in these animals. in light of their close genetic ... | 2010 | 19897645 |
| alteration of ptgs2 promoter methylation in chronic periodontitis. | levels of prostaglandin e(2) and the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (ptgs2, or cox-2) increase in actively progressing periodontal lesions, but decrease in chronic disease. we hypothesized that chronic inflammation is associated with altered dna methylation levels within the ptgs2 promoter, with effects on cox-2 mrna expression. ptgs2 promoter methylation levels from periodontally inflamed gingival biopsies showed a 5.06-fold increase as compared with non-inflamed samples (p = 0.03), and ... | 2010 | 20042743 |
| alteration of ptgs2 promoter methylation in chronic periodontitis. | levels of prostaglandin e(2) and the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (ptgs2, or cox-2) increase in actively progressing periodontal lesions, but decrease in chronic disease. we hypothesized that chronic inflammation is associated with altered dna methylation levels within the ptgs2 promoter, with effects on cox-2 mrna expression. ptgs2 promoter methylation levels from periodontally inflamed gingival biopsies showed a 5.06-fold increase as compared with non-inflamed samples (p = 0.03), and ... | 2010 | 20042743 |
| in vitro modeling of host-parasite interactions: the 'subgingival' biofilm challenge of primary human epithelial cells. | microbial biofilms are known to cause an increasing number of chronic inflammatory and infectious conditions. a classical example is chronic periodontal disease, a condition initiated by the subgingival dental plaque biofilm on gingival epithelial tissues. we describe here a new model that permits the examination of interactions between the bacterial biofilm and host cells in general. we use primary human gingival epithelial cells (hgec) and an in vitro grown biofilm, comprising nine frequently ... | 2009 | 20043840 |
| cultivation of a synergistetes strain representing a previously uncultivated lineage. | subgingival plaque samples obtained from human subjects with periodontitis, shown to include previously uncultivable members of the phylum synergistetes, were used to inoculate cooked meat medium (cmm). the presence of cluster a (uncultivable) synergistetes was monitored by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) and quantitative pcr (q-pcr). cluster a synergistetes were found to grow in cmm in co-culture with other plaque bacteria and growth was stimulated by the addition of mucin and serum. p ... | 2010 | 20074237 |
| characterization of the invasive and inflammatory traits of oral campylobacter rectus in a murine model of fetoplacental growth restriction and in trophoblast cultures. | campylobacter species (c. jejuni, c. fetus) are enteric abortifacient bacteria in humans and ungulates. campylobacter rectus is a periodontal pathogen associated with human fetal exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm delivery. experiments in pregnant mice have demonstrated that c. rectus can translocate from a distant site of infection to the placenta to induce fetal growth restriction and impair placental development. however, placental tissues from human, small-for-gestatio ... | 2010 | 20089314 |
| characterization of slackia exigua isolated from human wound infections, including abscesses of intestinal origin. | eleven clinical strains isolated from infected wound specimens were subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis. sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene showed that all 11 strains were phylogenetically related to slackia exigua. additionally, conventional and biochemical tests of 6 of the 11 strains were performed as supplementary methods to obtain phenotypic identification by comparison with the phenotypes of the relevant type strains. s. exigua has been considered an oral bacterial species in th ... | 2010 | 20107092 |
| [detection of periodental pathogens in atherosclerotic lesions in patients]. | to detect periodontopathic bacterial dna in atherosclerotic vascular lesions in a group of chinese patients by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques. | 2010 | 20140039 |
| filifactor alocis--involvement in periodontal biofilms. | bacteria in periodontal pockets develop complex sessile communities that attach to the tooth surface. these highly dynamic microfloral environments challenge both clinicians and researchers alike. the exploration of structural organisation and bacterial interactions within these biofilms is critically important for a thorough understanding of periodontal disease. in recent years, filifactor alocis, a fastidious, gram-positive, obligately anaerobic rod was repeatedly identified in periodontal les ... | 2010 | 20193074 |
| detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria in pregnant women by traditional anaerobic culture method and by a commercial molecular genetic method. | to culture facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria is a well-established method for analyzing subgingival plaque samples. micro-ident and micro-ident plus (hain lifescience gmbh, nehren, germany) tests are two commercially available rapid pcr-based methods for the identification and quantification of putative periodontopathogen bacteria. in this study, we compared these commercial pcr-based hybridization methods with conventional anaerobic culture technique. a total of 36 subgingival plaque sa ... | 2010 | 20219690 |
| do elderly edentulous patients with a history of periodontitis harbor periodontal pathogens? | the presence of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity may impact implant survival. therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of campylobacter rectus, porphyromonas gingivalis, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, prevotella intermedia, tannerella forsythia, treponema denticola, eikenella corrodens and parvimonas micra in a specific elderly population with a history of periodontitis who have never worn dentures. | 2010 | 20337663 |
| clinical periodontal and microbiologic parameters in patients with crohn's disease with consideration of the card15 genotype. | crohn's disease (cd) was reported to have oral manifestations. however, data on periodontal parameters and oral microbiology in cd are rare. recent studies showed associations of variants in the caspase recruitment domain (card)15 gene with cd that are involved in the immune response toward bacterial products. our aim is to investigate the periodontal status and prevalence of periodontal pathogens in patients with cd under consideration of the card15 polymorphism. | 2010 | 20373538 |
| altered gene expression in murine placentas in an infection-induced intrauterine growth restriction model: a microarray analysis. | the biological mechanisms leading to incomplete intrauterine growth are not completely elucidated and few studies have investigated infection-mediated growth restriction. in this investigation we report the alterations induced by maternal infectious challenge in placental gene expression patterns using a murine model. pregnant dams were challenged at day e7.5 with the oral human pathogen campylobacter rectus to elicit fetal growth restriction. at embryonic day e16.5 placentas were collected to c ... | 2010 | 20478622 |
| examination of periodontal pathogens in stenotic valve specimens and in whole blood samples in patients affected by aortic valve stenosis and chronic periodontitis. | periodontitis may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. the influence of periodontal pathogens in cardiovascular diseases needs further investigation. therefore, the aims of this clinical study are: to test the presence of periodontal bacteria dna in aortic valves and to assess the concomitant presence of the same periodontal bacteria dna in whole blood samples in patients affected by aortic valve stenosis and chronic periodontitis. nineteen consecutive patients (12 ma ... | 2010 | 20646351 |
| 16s rrna-based detection of oral pathogens in coronary atherosclerotic plaque. | atherosclerosis develops as a response of the vessel wall to injury. chronic bacterial infections have been associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. the ability of oral pathogens to colonize in coronary atheromatous plaque is well known. | 2010 | 20657096 |
| contribution of porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide to periodontitis. | | 2010 | 20712633 |
| epigenetic reprogramming of host genes in viral and microbial pathogenesis. | one of the key questions in the study of mammalian gene regulation is how epigenetic methylation patterns on histones and dna are initiated and established. these stable, heritable, covalent modifications are largely associated with the repression or silencing of gene transcription, and when deregulated can be involved in the development of human diseases such as cancer. this article reviews examples of viruses and bacteria known or thought to induce epigenetic changes in host cells, and how thi ... | 2010 | 20724161 |
| obstacles of multiplex real-time pcr for bacterial 16s rdna: primer specifity and dna decontamination of taq polymerase. | background: the detection of a broad range of bacteria by pcr is applied for the screening of blood and blood products with special attention to platelet concentrates. for practical use it is desirable that detection systems include gram-positive, gram-negative and non-gram-stainable bacteria. it is quite challenging to achieve high sensitivity along with a clear negative control with pcr reagents, because especially taq polymerase is contaminated with traces of bacterial dna. methods: bacterial ... | 2010 | 20737013 |
| propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from refractory endodontic lesions are opportunistic pathogens. | the predominant cultivable microbiota from 20 refractory endodontic lesions (9 with abscesses and 11 without abscesses) were determined, and propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis were among the most predominant organisms. the number of species identified from lesions with abscesses (14.1 ± 2.6) was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the number from lesions without abscesses (7.4 ± 5.9). comparison of perioral isolates using repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr of the same s ... | 2010 | 20739494 |
| bacterial 16s sequence analysis of severe caries in young permanent teeth. | previous studies have confirmed the association of the acid producers streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus spp. with childhood caries, but they also suggested these microorganisms are not sufficient to explain all cases of caries. in addition, health-associated bacterial community profiles are not well understood, including the importance of base production and acid catabolism in ph homeostasis. the bacterial community composition in health and in severe caries of the young permanent dentition ... | 2010 | 20826648 |
| a 6-month study of the effects of 0.3% triclosan/copolymer dentifrice on dental implants. | supportive therapy to maintain dental implants is increasingly important. this study examined the effect of a 0.3% triclosan/2% copolymer dentifrice on oral biofilms and gingival inflammation (gi) on dental implants and peri-implant tissues. | 2011 | 20831669 |
| investigation of subgingival profile of periodontopathic bacteria using polymerase chain reaction. | periodontopathic bacteria such as porphyromonas gingivalis, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, tannerella forsythia, campylobacter rectus and treponema denticola play an important role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal clinical parameters and the subgingival profile of periodontopathic bacteria. twenty-six periodontitis patients (23-62 years of age; mean age, 40.2±13.2) with no systemic disea ... | 2010 | 20877160 |
| tannerella forsythia infection-induced calvarial bone and soft tissue transcriptional profiles. | tannerella forsythia is associated with subgingival biofilms in adult periodontitis, although the molecular mechanisms contributing to chronic inflammation and loss of periodontal bone remain unclear. we examined changes in the host transcriptional profiles during a t. forsythia infection using a murine calvarial model of inflammation and bone resorption. tannerella forsythia was injected into the subcutaneous soft tissue over calvariae of balb/c mice for 3 days, after which the soft tissues and ... | 2010 | 20883221 |
| an update on periodontic-orthodontic interrelationships. | talking about periodontic-orthodontic interrelationships is related primarily to the 1960s, where a generalized increase in salivary bacterial counts, especially lactobacillus, had been shown after orthodontic band placement. the purpose of this article is to provide the dental practitioner with basic understanding of the interrelationship between periodontics and orthodontics by means of representing classical studies, and, to give an update on this topic by demonstrating the most recent opinio ... | 2010 | 20922083 |
| specified species in gingival crevicular fluid predict bacterial diversity. | analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) samples may give information of unattached (planktonic) subgingival bacteria. our study represents the first one targeting the identity of bacteria in gcf. | 2010 | 21049043 |
| systemic inflammatory responses in progressing periodontitis during pregnancy in a baboon model. | this study tested the hypothesis that pregnant female baboons exhibit increased levels of various inflammatory mediators in serum resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis, and that these profiles would relate to periodontal disease severity/extent in the animals. the animals were sampled at baseline (b), mid-pregnancy (mp; two quadrants ligated) and at delivery (d; four quadrants ligated). all baboons developed increased plaque, gingival inflammation and bleeding, pocket depths and attachme ... | 2010 | 21070210 |
| microbiota of deciduous endodontic infections analysed by mda and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization. | to evaluate the microbiota of endodontic infections in deciduous teeth by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization after uniform amplification of dna in samples by multiple displacement amplification (mda). | 2010 | 21083570 |
| microbiota of deciduous endodontic infections analysed by mda and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization. | to evaluate the microbiota of endodontic infections in deciduous teeth by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization after uniform amplification of dna in samples by multiple displacement amplification (mda). | 2010 | 21083570 |
| atherosclerosis, inflammation and chlamydia pneumoniae. | coronary heart disease is the single most common cause of illness and death in the developed world. coronary atherosclerosis is by far the most frequent cause of ischemic heart disease, and plaque disruption with superimposed thrombosis is the main cause of the acute coronary syndromes of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. atherosclerosis is the result of a complex interaction between blood elements, disturbed flow, and vessel wall abnormality, involving several pathologic ... | 2009 | 21160574 |
| effect of smoking on subgingival microflora of patients with periodontitis in japan. | smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis. to clarify the contribution of smoking to periodontitis, it is essential to assess the relationship between smoking and the subgingival microflora. the aim of this study was to gain an insight into the influence of smoking on the microflora of japanese patients with periodontitis. | 2011 | 21208407 |
| epigenetic regulation of human β-defensin 2 and cc chemokine ligand 20 expression in gingival epithelial cells in response to oral bacteria. | gingival epithelia utilize multiple signaling pathways to regulate innate immune responses to various oral bacteria, but little is understood about how these bacteria alter epithelial epigenetic status. in this study we report that dna methyltransferase (dnmt1) and histone deacetylase expression were decreased in gingival epithelial cells treated with oral pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis and nonpathogen fusobacterium nucleatum. pretreatment with trichostatin a and sodium butyrate, which increa ... | 2011 | 21248725 |
| prognosis of periodontitis recurrence after intensive periodontal treatment using examination of serum igg antibody titer against periodontal bacteria. | chronic periodontitis is associated with systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis. in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of serum igg antibody titer to periodontal bacteria for prognosis of periodontitis recurrence during supportive periodontal therapy (spt) phase. the 139 patients during spt phase were selected and divided to two groups as follows: "stable" and "recurrence" group at spt phase for case-control study: "high igg titer" and "normal igg titer" group before transition to spt phas ... | 2011 | 21254239 |
| salivary infectious agents and periodontal disease status. | the potential of salivary microorganisms to diagnose periodontal disease and to guide periodontal treatment is a research topic of current interest. this study aimed to determine whether the salivary counts of periodontopathic microbes correlated with the periodontal pocket counts of the same infectious agents, and whether the salivary counts of the test infectious agents could distinguish among individuals with periodontal health and various types of periodontal disease. | 2011 | 21261620 |
| three cases of severe invasive infections caused by campylobacter rectus and first report of fatal c. rectus infection. | we report the first fatal case of campylobacter rectus infection due to a subdural empyema and ruptured mycotic intracranial aneurysm and two cases of limb-threatening c. rectus necrotizing soft tissue and bone infection and empyema thoracis that responded to amoxicillin-clavulanate and surgical debridement and drainage. all three strains were identified by 16s rrna sequencing. | 2011 | 21270212 |
| the viral theory of schizophrenia revisited: abnormal placental gene expression and structural changes with lack of evidence for h1n1 viral presence in placentae of infected mice or brains of exposed offspring. | researchers have long noted an excess of patients with schizophrenia were born during the months of january and march. this winter birth effect has been hypothesized to result either from various causes such as vitamin d deficiency (mcgrath, 1999; mcgrath et al., 2010), or from maternal infection during pregnancy. infection with a number of viruses during pregnancy including influenza, and rubella are known to increase the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring (brown, 2006). animal models using ... | 2011 | 21277874 |
| the viral theory of schizophrenia revisited: abnormal placental gene expression and structural changes with lack of evidence for h1n1 viral presence in placentae of infected mice or brains of exposed offspring. | researchers have long noted an excess of patients with schizophrenia were born during the months of january and march. this winter birth effect has been hypothesized to result either from various causes such as vitamin d deficiency (mcgrath, 1999; mcgrath et al., 2010), or from maternal infection during pregnancy. infection with a number of viruses during pregnancy including influenza, and rubella are known to increase the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring (brown, 2006). animal models using ... | 2011 | 21277874 |
| campylobacter troglodytis sp. nov., isolated from feces of human-habituated wild chimpanzees (pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in tanzania. | the transmission of simian immunodeficiency and ebola viruses to humans in recent years has heightened awareness of the public health significance of zoonotic diseases of primate origin, particularly from chimpanzees. in this study, we analyzed 71 fecal samples collected from 2 different wild chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) populations with different histories in relation to their proximity to humans. campylobacter spp. were detected by culture in 19/56 (34%) group 1 (human habituated for research ... | 2011 | 21278267 |
| impact of systemic antimicrobials combined with anti-infective mechanical debridement on the microbiota of generalized aggressive periodontitis: a 6-month rct. | to compare the effects of systemic amoxicillin (amx) plus metronidazole (met) or placebos combined with anti-infective mechanical debridement on the sub-gingival microbiota of generalized aggressive periodontitis (gap). | 2011 | 21303403 |
| rna-oligonucleotide quantification technique (roqt) for the enumeration of uncultivated bacterial species in subgingival biofilms. | approximately 35% of the species present in subgingival biofilms are as yet uncultivated, so their role in periodontal pathogenesis is unknown. the aim of the present study was to develop a high throughput method to quantify a wide range of cultivated and uncultivated taxa in subgingival biofilm samples associated with periodontal disease or health. oligonucleotides targeting the 16s ribosomal dna gene were designed, synthesized and labeled with digoxigenin. these probes were hybridized with the ... | 2011 | 21375703 |
| automated identification of medically important bacteria by 16s rrna gene sequencing using a novel comprehensive database, 16spathdb. | despite the increasing use of 16s rrna gene sequencing, interpretation of 16s rrna gene sequence results is one of the most difficult problems faced by clinical microbiologists and technicians. to overcome the problems we encountered in the existing databases during 16s rrna gene sequence interpretation, we built a comprehensive database, 16spathdb (http://147.8.74.24/16spathdb) based on the 16s rrna gene sequences of all medically important bacteria listed in the manual of clinical microbiology ... | 2011 | 21389154 |
| detection of specific periodontal microorganisms from bacteraemia samples after periodontal therapy using molecular-based diagnostics. | the aim of this study was to assess the presence of subgingival pathogens in peripheral blood samples from periodontitis patients before and after scaling and root planing (sc/rp) using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested pcr). | 2011 | 21392048 |
| comparative genotypic and pathogenic examination of campylobacter concisus isolates from diarrheic and non-diarrheic humans. | campylobacter concisus is an emerging enteric pathogen, yet it is commonly isolated from feces and the oral cavities of healthy individuals. this genetically complex species is comprised of several distinct genomospecies which may vary in pathogenic potential. | 2011 | 21406111 |
| saliva/pathogen biomarker signatures and periodontal disease progression. | the purpose of this study was to determine the role of saliva-derived biomarkers and periodontal pathogens during periodontal disease progression (pdp). one hundred human participants were recruited into a 12-month investigation. they were seen bi-monthly for saliva and clinical measures and bi-annually for subtraction radiography, serum and plaque biofilm assessments. saliva and serum were analyzed with protein arrays for 14 pro-inflammatory and bone turnover markers, while qpcr was used for de ... | 2011 | 21406610 |
| clustering of subgingival microbial species in adolescents with periodontitis. | it has become increasingly recognized that groups of microorganisms interact within the subgingival plaque of adult subjects with periodontitis. it is much less clear, however, whether the consortia of microorganisms associated with periodontitis are different in early and more advanced cases of periodontitis. to investigate this point further, subgingival plaque was collected from six sites in 87 adolescents with periodontitis and 73 controls and the samples were analyzed for the detection of 1 ... | 2011 | 21410554 |
| detection of periodontal bacteria in atheromatous plaques by nested polymerase chain reaction. | background. in recent years, increasing evidence regarding the potential association between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases has been elicited. the available evidence underlines the importance of detecting periodontal pathogens on atheromatous plaques as the first step in demonstrating the causal relationship between both entities. it is the main aim of this investigation to detect periodontitis-associated bacteria from carotid artery atheromatous plaques recovered from patients ... | 2011 | 21453047 |
| influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro. | objectives: the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the microtopography and hydrophilicity of titanium (ti) substrates on initial oral biofilm formation. materials and methods: nine bacterial species belonging to the normal oral microbiota, including: aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, actinomyces israelii, campylobacter rectus, eikenella corrodens, fusobacterium nucleatum, parvimonas micra, porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, and streptococcus sanguinis were teste ... | 2011 | 21492236 |
| gingival tissue transcriptomes in experimental gingivitis. | jönsson d, ramberg p, demmer rt, kebschull m, dahlén g, papapanou pn. gingival tissue transcriptomes in experimental gingivitis. j clin periodontol 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01719.x. abstract: aims: we investigated the sequential gene expression in the gingiva during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis. material and methods: twenty periodontally and systemically healthy non-smoking volunteers participated in a 3-week experimental gingivitis protocol, followed by deb ... | 2011 | 21501207 |
| bacterial diversity in persistent periapical lesions on root-filled teeth. | the purpose of this study was to analyze the bacterial diversity in persistent apical lesions on root-filled teeth by using culture-independent molecular methods. | 2009 | 21523213 |
| preterm low birthweight and the role of oral bacteria. | preterm and low birthweight (ptlbw) continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity across the world. in recent years, maternal periodontal disease has been implicated as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. there is conflicting evidence to support such an outcome as illustrated by descriptive, case control and randomised controlled trials involving pregnant women from across the world, using different measurement tools to determine the level of periodontal disease. whilst cons ... | 2010 | 21523222 |
| transferrin as a source of iron for campylobacter rectus. | campylobacter rectus is considered as one of the bacterial species of etiological importance in periodontitis. iron-containing proteins such as transferrin are found in periodontal sites and may serve as a source of iron for periodontopathogens. the aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of c. rectus to assimilate transferrin-bound iron to support its growth. | 2011 | 21547017 |
| experimental alveolitis in rats: microbiological, acute phase response and histometric characterization of delayed alveolar healing. | the pathogenesis of alveolitis is not well known and therefore experimental situations that mimic some features of this disease should be developed. | 2011 | 21625744 |
| detection of periodontal markers in chronic periodontitis. | the aim was to compare the detection frequency of periodontopathogens by using the pado test 4.5 and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique in chronic periodontitis patients.thirty patients with chronic periodontitis were tested cross-sectionally with dna/rna oligogenomic probe method (iai pado test 4.5) and dna/dna whole genomic probe (checkerboard) method. samples were taken by two paper points at the deepest site in each of the four quadrants and pooled into one sample for each of the t ... | 2011 | 21769304 |
| caloric restriction and chronic inflammatory diseases. | oral diseases (2011) a reduction in calorie intake [caloric restriction (cr)] appears to consistently decrease the biological rate of aging in a variety of organisms as well as protect against age-associated diseases including chronic inflammatory disorders such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. although the mechanisms behind this observation are not fully understood, identification of the main metabolic pathways affected by cr has generated interest in finding molecular targets that could ... | 2011 | 21749581 |
| caloric restriction and chronic inflammatory diseases. | oral diseases (2011) a reduction in calorie intake [caloric restriction (cr)] appears to consistently decrease the biological rate of aging in a variety of organisms as well as protect against age-associated diseases including chronic inflammatory disorders such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. although the mechanisms behind this observation are not fully understood, identification of the main metabolic pathways affected by cr has generated interest in finding molecular targets that could ... | 2011 | 21749581 |
| diabetes and periodontitis. | the main aim of this review is to update the reader with practical knowledge concerning the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. exclusive data is available on the association between these two chronic diseases till date. articles published on this relationship often provide the knowledge of definitions of diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases, prevalence, extent, severity of periodontal disease, complications of diabetes along with the possible underlying mechan ... | 2010 | 21731243 |
| mechanisms and evolution of oxidative sulfur metabolism in green sulfur bacteria. | green sulfur bacteria (gsb) constitute a closely related group of photoautotrophic and thiotrophic bacteria with limited phenotypic variation. they typically oxidize sulfide and thiosulfate to sulfate with sulfur globules as an intermediate. based on genome sequence information from 15 strains, the distribution and phylogeny of enzymes involved in their oxidative sulfur metabolism was investigated. at least one homolog of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (sqr) is present in all strains. in all sul ... | 2011 | 21833341 |
| detection of campylobacter concisus and other campylobacter species in colonic biopsies from adults with ulcerative colitis. | the critical role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (uc) is well recognized, but an individual causative microorganism has not been singled out so far. campylobacter concisus and other non-jejuni species of campylobacter have been implicated as putative aetiological agents in inflammatory bowel disease in children, but such studies have not been addressed in adults. this study investigated the prevalence of campylobacter species in colonic biopsy samples from adults with uc a ... | 2011 | 21738679 |
| Filifactor alocis interactions with gingival epithelial cells. | An association between the gram-positive anaerobe Filifactor alocis and periodontal disease has recently emerged; however, possible pathogenic mechanisms have not been investigated. In this study we examined the responses of primary cultures of gingival epithelial cells (GECs) to infection with F. alocis. Secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a from GECs was stimulated by F. alocis infection. F. alocis also induced apoptosis in GECs t ... | 2011 | 22053964 |
| Early microbial succession in redeveloping dental biofilms in periodontal health and disease. | Teles FR, Teles RP, Uzel NG, Song XQ, Torresyap G, Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Early microbial succession in redeveloping dental biofilms in periodontal health and disease. J Periodont Res 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01409.x. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: The development of dental biofilms after professional plaque removal is very rapid. However, it is not clear whether most bacterial species return at similar rates in periodontally healthy and periodontitis subj ... | 2011 | 21895662 |
| Comparative Genomics of Helicobacter pylori and the human-derived Helicobacter bizzozeronii CIII-1 strain reveal the molecular basis of the zoonotic nature of non-pylori gastric Helicobacter infections in humans. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22039924 |
| correlation network analysis applied to complex biofilm communities. | the complexity of the human microbiome makes it difficult to reveal organizational principles of the community and even more challenging to generate testable hypotheses. it has been suggested that in the gut microbiome species such as bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are keystone in maintaining the stability and functional adaptability of the microbial community. in this study, we investigate the interspecies associations in a complex microbial biofilm applying systems biology principles. using corr ... | 2011 | 22163302 |
| detection of periodontal pathogens in newborns and children with mixed dentition. | we report the age-related prevalence of red complex periodontal pathogens, porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia, along with four strains of orange complex pathogens. the bacteria present in samples isolated from tongue, cheek, and subgingival sulcus in edentulous newborns and children with mixed dentition were monitored by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). p. gingivalis was not detected in any site of any subject in the two groups tested. however, t. denticola w ... | 2011 | 21928086 |
| extracellular deoxyribonuclease production by periodontal bacteria. | palmer lj, chapple ilc, wright hj, roberts a, cooper pr. extracellular deoxyribonuclease production by periodontal bacteria. j periodont res 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01451.x © 2011 john wiley & sons a/s background and objective: whilst certain bacteria have long been known to secrete extracellular deoxyribonuclease (dnase), the purpose in microbial physiology was unclear. recently, however, this enzyme has been demonstrated to confer enhanced virulence, enabling bacteria to evade the ... | 2011 | 22150619 |
| effect of a self-etching adhesive containing an antibacterial monomer on clinical periodontal parameters and subgingival microbiologic composition in orthodontic patients. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of a self-etching adhesive system containing an antibacterial monomer on periodontal health and subgingival microbiologic composition in orthodontic patients and to compare it with a conventional adhesive system. | 2011 | 21967952 |
| relationship between periodontal diseases and preterm birth: recent epidemiological and biological data. | for ten years, the incidence of preterm birth does not decrease in developed countries despite the promotion of public health programs. many risk factors have been identified including ethnicity, age, tobacco, and infection. however, almost 50% of preterm birth causes remain unknown. the periodontal diseases are highly prevalent inflammatory and infectious diseases of tooth supporting tissues leading to an oral disability. they influence negatively general health worsening cardiovascular disease ... | 2011 | 22132334 |
| subgingival microbial consortia and the clinical features of periodontitis in adolescents. | this study aimed to investigate the association between microbial consortia and the clinical features of periodontitis using a multilevel modeling approach. a total of 958 sites in 87 adolescents with periodontitis (cases) and 73 controls were microbiologically sampled and clinically examined. associations between each of the clinical parameters clinical attachment, probing depth, supragingival plaque, calculus, bleeding on probing, and each of 18 bacterial species; and between the same clinical ... | 2011 | 22112031 |
| investigation of six selected bacterial species in endo-periodontal lesions. | didilescu ac, rusu d, anghel a, nica l, iliescu a, greabu m, bancescu g, stratul si. investigation of six selected bacterial species in endo-periodontal lesions. international endodontic journal, 45, 282-293, 2012. abstract: aim to investigate and determine possible associations of six tested bacteria belonging to 'orange' and 'green' complexes, in endo-periodontal lesions: parvimonas micra, fusobacterium nucleatum, campylobacter rectus, eubacterium nodatum, eikenella corrodens and capnocytopha ... | 2011 | 22077868 |
| Microbiota in the oral subgingival biofilm is associated with obesity in adolescence. | To test the hypothesis whether microbiota in oral biofilm is linked with obesity in adolescents we designed this cross-sectional study. Obese adolescents (n = 29) with a mean age of 14.7 years and normal weight subjects (n = 58) matched by age and gender were examined with respect to visible plaque index (VPI%) and gingival inflammation (bleeding on probing (BOP%)). Stimulated saliva was collected. They answered a questionnaire concerning medical history, medication, oral hygiene habits, smoking ... | 2012 | 21996660 |
| molecular detection of human periodontal pathogens in oral swab specimens from dogs in japan. | periodontal diseases are known to be major diseases in humans, and are also common in dogs. the purpose of the present study was to analyze the distribution of periodontitis-related bacterial species using oral swab specimens collected from 26 pet dogs. the distribution of an animal gingival organism porphyromonas gulae, in addition to 10 human periodontitis-related bacterial species, including porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, tannerella forsythia, capnocytophaga ochracea, capnocyt ... | 2011 | 21916371 |
| molecular detection of in-vivo microbial contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization. | knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for planning strategies and implementing specific preventive measures during treatment. the purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate in vivo the contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets with 40 dna probes for different bacterial species by using the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization (cddh) technique. | 2012 | 22196182 |
| necrotizing periodontal diseases in hiv-infected brazilian patients: a clinical and microbiologic descriptive study. | objective: nowadays, necrotizing periodontal diseases have a low prevalence; however, a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of these diseases is necessary for determining more adequate preventive and therapeutic strategies. method and materials: from a pool of 1,232 hiv-infected patients, 15 presented with necrotizing periodontal diseases, which were evaluated by full-mouth periodontal clinical measurements. subgingival biofilm samples were collected from necrotizing lesions of six of t ... | 2012 | 22259811 |
| prevalence of periodontopathogens in a black brazilian secluded community matched with a black urban population. | to evaluate the prevalence of periodontopathogens according to periodontal profile in a black brazilian secluded community matched with an urban black population. | 2011 | 22320070 |
| evaluation of periodontal pathogens in amniotic fluid and the role of periodontal disease in pre-term birth and low birth weight. | pre-term birth and/or low birth weight (ptlbw) is a serious problem in developing countries. the absence of known risk factors in ≈ 50% of ptlbw cases has resulted in a continued search for other causes. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of periodontitis on pregnancy outcomes. | 2012 | 23638858 |
| comparative characterization of the virulence gene clusters (lipooligosaccharide [los] and capsular polysaccharide [cps]) for campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and related campylobacter species. | campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and campylobacter coli are leading causes of gastroenteritis, with virulence linked to cell surface carbohydrate diversity. although the associated gene clusters are well studied for c. jejuni subsp. jejuni, c. coli has been largely neglected. here we provide comparative analysis of the lipooligosaccharide (los) and capsular polysaccharide (cps) gene clusters, using genome and cluster sequence data for 36 c. coli strains, 67 c. jejuni subsp. jejuni strains and ... | 2012 | 23279811 |
| comparative characterization of the virulence gene clusters (lipooligosaccharide [los] and capsular polysaccharide [cps]) for campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and related campylobacter species. | campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and campylobacter coli are leading causes of gastroenteritis, with virulence linked to cell surface carbohydrate diversity. although the associated gene clusters are well studied for c. jejuni subsp. jejuni, c. coli has been largely neglected. here we provide comparative analysis of the lipooligosaccharide (los) and capsular polysaccharide (cps) gene clusters, using genome and cluster sequence data for 36 c. coli strains, 67 c. jejuni subsp. jejuni strains and ... | 2012 | 23279811 |
| validation of a quantitative real-time pcr assay and comparison with fluorescence microscopy and selective agar plate counting for species-specific quantification of an in vitro subgingival biofilm model. | subgingival biofilms are the prime etiological factor of periodontal disease. owing to their complex polymicrobial nature, quantification of individual bacterial species within the biofilm for research and diagnostic purposes can be methodologically challenging. the aims of this study were to establish a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay to quantify the bacteria used in our 10-species in vitro 'subgingival' biofilm model and to compare the quantitative outcome with fluorescence microscopy ... | 2012 | 23278531 |
| comparison of aerobic conjunctival bacterial flora in pregnant, reproductive-aged and postmenopausal women. | to evaluate the effect of hormonal status on aerobic conjunctival flora in women. | 2012 | 23275909 |
| cumulative epigenetic abnormalities in host genes with viral and microbial infection during initiation and progression of malignant lymphoma/leukemia. | although cancers have been thought to be predominantly driven by acquired genetic changes, it is becoming clear that microenvironment-mediated epigenetic alterations play important roles. aberrant promoter hypermethylation is a prevalent phenomenon in human cancers as well as malignant lymphoma/leukemia. tumor suppressor genes become frequent targets of aberrant hypermethylation in the course of gene-silencing due to the increased and deregulated dna methyltransferases (dnmts). the purpose of th ... | 2011 | 24212629 |
| design and evaluation of useful bacterium-specific pcr primers that amplify genes coding for bacterial 16s rrna. | we report the design and evaluation of pcr primers 63f and 1387r for amplification of 16s rrna genes from bacteria. their specificity and efficacy were tested systematically with a bacterial species and environmental samples. they were found to be more useful for 16s rrna gene amplification in ecological and systematic studies than pcr amplimers that are currently more generally used. | 1998 | 9464425 |
| the effect of apically repositioned flap surgery on clinical parameters and the composition of the subgingival microbiota: 12-month data. | the purpose of this investigation was to examine the clinical and microbiologic effects of apically repositioned flap surgery. eighteen patients with chronic periodontitis received initial preparation (ip) including scaling and root planing, followed at 3 months by apically repositioned flap surgery at sites with pocket depth > 4 mm. subjects were monitored clinically and microbiologically at baseline, 3 months after ip, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postsurgery. clinical assessments of plaque a ... | 2002 | 12186343 |
| in vitro activities of iodonium salts against oral and dental anaerobes. | the comparative in vitro activities of 11 iodonium salt compounds, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and four antimicrobial agents against 322 anaerobic and fastidious potential dental and periodontal bacterial pathogens were studied. iodonium salts 3, 4, 5, 9, and 10 had in vitro activities comparable to that of chlorhexidine against most isolates. these compounds may be suitable for incorporation into an oral mouthwash. | 2004 | 15215147 |
| diagnostic biomarkers for oral and periodontal diseases. | this article provides an overview of periodontal disease diagnosis that uses clinical parameters and biomarkers of the disease process.this article discusses the use of biomarkers of disease that can be identified at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels and that are measurable in oral fluids such as saliva and gingival crevicular fluid. biomarkers identified from these biologic fluids include microbial, host response, and connective tissue-related molecules that can target specific pathway ... | 2005 | 15978241 |