| synthesis of toddacoumaquinone, a coumarin-naphthoquinone dimer, and its antiviral activities. | toddacoumaquinone (1), a coumarin-naphthoquinone dimer, was synthesized through diels-alder reaction between 8-(1-acetoxy-3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl)-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin (15) and 2-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (5). the activities of 1 against several viruses were examined. a weak activity (ec50 = 10 micrograms/ml) was observed against hsv-1 and hsv-2, but no activity was seen against hiv-1. | 1995 | 7641303 |
| the dna ligands influence the interactions between the herpes simplex virus 1 origin binding protein and the single strand dna-binding protein, icp-8. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) origin binding protein, obp, is a dna helicase specifically stimulated by the viral single strand dna-binding protein, icp-8. the stimulation is dependent on direct protein-protein interactions between the c-terminal domain of obp, delta obp, and icp 8 (boehmer, p.e., craigie, m.c., stow, n.d., and lehman, i.r. (1994) j. biol. chem. 269, 29329-29334). we have now observed that this interaction is dramatically influenced by the nature of the dna ligand. sta ... | 1995 | 7642564 |
| altered cholesterol trafficking in herpesvirus-infected arterial cells. evidence for viral protein kinase-mediated cholesterol accumulation. | herpesvirus infection of arterial smooth muscle cells has been shown to cause cholesteryl ester (ce) accumulation. however, the effects of human herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection on cholesterol binding and internalization, intracellular metabolism, and efflux have not been evaluated. in addition, the effects of viral infection on signal transduction pathways that impact upon cholesterol metabolism have not been studied. we show in studies reported herein that hsv-1 infection of arter ... | 1995 | 7642651 |
| an alternative view of t-cell receptor-mhc interaction: t-cell receptor binds transversally to the alpha-helices of the mhc molecule. | we have attempted to elucidate the relative orientation of the t-cell receptor (tcr) to the major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-antigen complex during antigen recognition, using the t-cell response to b10.a (i-ek) and b10.a(5r) (i-eb) mice to the 1-23(h) peptide derived from glycoprotein d of the herpes simplex virus. the 1-23(h)-specific t-cells derived from both b10.a and b10.a(5r) mice use the same set of v alpha genes and a different array of v beta genes. the cdr1s of these tcr beta chai ... | 1995 | 7643858 |
| identification of salivary proteins inhibiting herpes simplex virus 1 replication. | salivary proteins play an important role in the maintenance of the oral ecology. previous studies have indicated that human submandibular-sublingual and parotid salivas can selectively suppress the in vitro infectivity of herpes simplex virus 1. the purpose of this study was to identify the salivary components in human submandibular-sublingual saliva that modulate in vitro infectivity. assessment of the interaction of viral particles with salivary components was accomplished using an in vitro so ... | 1995 | 7644274 |
| influence of the host cell on the association of icp4 and icp0 with herpes simplex virus type 1. | icp4 and icp0 are two immediate-early proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 associated with the transcriptional activation of viral genes within infected cells. previous studies in our laboratory have shown that approximately 100-200 molecules each of icp4 and icp0 are associated with the tegument region of virions purified from vero and hep-2 cells (f. yao and r. j. courtney, 1989, j. virol. 63, 3338-3344 and 1992, j. virol. 66, 2709-2716). however, other studies have shown that icp4 molecule ... | 1995 | 7645212 |
| herpesvirus of turkey recombinant viruses expressing infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vp2 immunogen induce protection against an ibdv virulent challenge in chickens. | two recombinant herpesviruses of turkey (hvt) expressing the vp2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv or gumboro disease virus) have been constructed: vhvt001 and vhvt002. the vp2 open reading frame was inserted at the locus of the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase gene (hsv-1 ul40 homolog) without any exogenous promoter in vhvt001 and at the locus of gl gene (hsv-1 us7 homolog) under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter in vhvt002. the isolation ... | 1995 | 7645252 |
| the virion host shutoff protein of herpes simplex virus inhibits reporter gene expression in the absence of other viral gene products. | the virion host shutoff (vhs) function of herpes simplex virus induces degradation of host mrnas at early times and rapid turnover of viral mrnas throughout infection. previous studies have shown that disruption of the ul41 gene abrogates vhs activity, but have not determined whether the ul41 polypeptide is the direct inducer of mrna degradation or whether it is the only virion component required for this activity. in this paper we report that transfection of cells with ul41 inhibits expression ... | 1995 | 7645253 |
| the role of ambiental agents in behçet's disease. | to evaluate the potential role of environmental agents in the etiopathogenesis of behçet's disease. | 1995 | 7655866 |
| peptidomimetic inhibitors of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase: a new class of antiviral agents. | we have been investigating a new class of antiviral compounds effective against herpes simplex virus (hsv) in vitro and in vivo. antiviral activity results from inhibition of hsv ribonucleotide reductase (rr). the inhibitors are designed as mimics of the rr small subunit c-terminus, a region essential for rr subunit association and consequently enzymatic activity. inhibition results from specific binding of the inhibitor to the hsv rr large subunit thereby preventing subunit association. this re ... | 1995 | 7658449 |
| lactoferrin inhibits herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) infection to mouse cornea. | lactoferrin inhibits bacterial growth in the conjunctival sac. however, its antiviral function particularly in ocular tissue has not been reported in the literature. we studied whether lactoferrin inhibits infection of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) in vitro using vero cell monolayer. we also tested the inhibitory effect of lactoferrin on hsv-1 infection in the mouse cornea. lactoferrin prevented hsv-1 plaque formation. administration of topical 1% lactoferrin prior to the virus inoculation ... | 1995 | 7661698 |
| herpes simplex virus-1 replication in histiotypic rotation-mediated reaggregated murine brain. | inbred mouse strains exhibit varying susceptibilities to severe herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1-related neurologic disease. hsv-1 replication was examined in neural tissue obtained from mouse strains susceptible (a/j, sjl), moderately resistant (balb/c), or resistant (c57bl/6) to severe hsv-1 disease. reaggregated brain cultures were prepared from mechanically dissociated fetal mouse brains maintained with constant rotation. the resulting aggregates each contain neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte ... | 1995 | 7666042 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus infection by negatively charged and neutral carbohydrate polymers. | different natural and semisynthetic polysaccharides were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2. some neutral and negatively charged carbohydrates were able to inhibit viral infection by interfering mainly with the adsorption process showing a dose-dependent relationship. their effect was shown within the concentration range of 200-0.8 micrograms/ml, and the inhibiting compounds were in order of action: dextran sulfate = sclerogl ... | 1995 | 7666126 |
| initial characterization of the membrane-associated form of icp4 of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the immediate-early gene product, icp4, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is one of the major transcriptional regulatory proteins in the virus replicative process and is localized primarily within the nucleus soon after its synthesis. earlier studies have shown that detectable amounts of icp4 are also associated with the plasma membranes of infected cells (f. yao and r. j. courtney, j. virol. 65:1516-1524, 1991). to extend our understanding of the properties of the membrane-associated icp4, ... | 1995 | 7666557 |
| long-term behavioral recovery in parkinsonian rats by an hsv vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase. | one therapeutic approach to treating parkinson's disease is to convert endogenous striatal cells into levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa)-producing cells. a defective herpes simplex virus type 1 vector expressing human tyrosine hydroxylase was delivered into the partially denervated striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats, used as a model of parkinson's disease. efficient behavioral and biochemical recovery was maintained for 1 year after gene transfer. biochemical recovery included inc ... | 1994 | 7669103 |
| novel (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine derivatives as potential cytostatic agents against herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene transfected tumors. | (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (ivdu), its 2'-fluoro-substituted derivatives ivfru (with fluorine in the ribo configuration), ivfau (with fluorine in the ara configuration), and the corresponding 3'-chemical delivery system (cds), or 3'-o-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl)- substituted derivatives ivdu-cds, ivfru-cds and ivfau-cds were evaluated for their cytostatic activity against wild-type (fm3a/o), thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient (fm3a/tk-), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ... | 1995 | 7671107 |
| methotrexate potentiates anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 activity of e-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. | the pharmacologic of induction of low level of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dntp) is a novel approach to combined inhibition of virus replication. in accordance with this concept the alteration of antiherpes activity of e-5-(2-bromovinyl-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) in combination with methotrexate (mtx), an inhibitor which lowers the intracellular pool of thymidine triphosphate (dttp) was studied. mtx applied alone at non-toxic concentrations had a moderate effect on herpes simplex virus type 1 ... | 1995 | 7676937 |
| herpes simplex virus icp0 and icp4 immediate early proteins strongly enhance expression of a retrovirus harboured by a leptomeningeal cell line from a patient with multiple sclerosis. | a leptomeningeal cell line (lm7) harbouring an unknown retrovirus was recently isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with multiple sclerosis. however, spontaneous expression of the lm7 retrovirus in this primary culture is quite low. we present results showing that in vitro infection of lm7 cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), but not that of control cells, results in (i) potent stimulation of the specific reverse transcriptase (rt) activity detected in the culture supern ... | 1993 | 7678635 |
| induction of interleukin-8 gene expression is associated with herpes simplex virus infection of human corneal keratocytes but not human corneal epithelial cells. | interleukin-8 (il-8) is a proinflammatory cytokine released at sites of tissue damage by various cell types. one important function of il-8 is to recruit neutrophils into sites of inflammation and to activate their biological activity. stromal keratitis induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is characterized by an initial infiltration of neutrophils. this study was carried out to determine whether cells resident in the cornea synthesize il-8 after virus infection. pure cultures of epithe ... | 1993 | 7687302 |
| the product of the ul31 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 is a nuclear phosphoprotein which partitions with the nuclear matrix. | the nucleotide sequence of the ul31 open reading frame is predicted to encode a basic protein with a hydrophilic amino terminus and a nuclear localization signal. to identify its gene product, we constructed a viral genome in which the thymidine kinase gene was inserted between the ul31 and ul32 open reading frames. the thymidine kinase gene was then deleted, and in the process, the 5' terminus of the ul31 open reading frame was replaced with a 64-bp sequence in frame with the complete, authenti ... | 1993 | 7692079 |
| human herpesvirus-6 glycoprotein h and l homologs are components of the gp100 complex and the gh external domain is the target for neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. | previous studies have shown that monoclonal antibody (mab) 2e4 neutralizes infectivity of human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) and also inhibits virus-induced t-lymphocyte syncytia formation. here we characterize two additional mabs, 1d3 and 5e7, which have similar properties, and identify the glycoprotein targets. the mabs could immunoprecipitate and immunofluorescence glycoprotein from both a and b variant strain groups of hhv-6. in reactions with infected cells the mabs immunoprecipitated a complex of ... | 1993 | 7692666 |
| identification of renal sympathetic preganglionic neurons in hamsters using transsynaptic transport of herpes simplex type 1 virus. | herpes viruses have been used as retrograde transsynaptic tracers to identify pathways from the cns to specific target tissues. we used herpes simplex virus to identify central nervous system neurons responsible for control of the kidney. herpes simplex type 1 or herpes simplex type 2 was injected into rat kidneys and herpes simplex type 1 was microinjected into hamster and guinea pig kidneys. after three to seven days, ganglia, spinal cords and brains were examined using immunohistochemistry to ... | 1993 | 7694186 |
| the n-7-substituted acyclic nucleoside analog 2-amino-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]purine is a potent and selective inhibitor of herpesvirus replication. | 2-amino-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]purine (compound s2242) represents the first antivirally active nucleoside analog with the side chain attached to the n-7 position of the purine ring. compound s2242 strongly inhibits the in vitro replication of both herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) (50% effective concentration [ec50], 0.1 to 0.2 microgram/ml), varicella-zoster virus (ec50, 0.01 to 0.02 microgram/ml) and thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient strains of hsv (ec50, 0.4 mic ... | 1994 | 7695251 |
| two overlapping transcription units which extend across the l-s junction of herpes simplex virus type 1. | a region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome located upstream of the alpha 0 promoter contains a promoter which regulates transcription in the opposite orientation to that driven by alpha 0. analyses of mutants from which this promoter, alpha x, was deleted and a mutant in which a fragment that serves as a transcription terminator and polyadenylation signal was inserted upstream of this promoter demonstrate that two distinct transcription units overlap this region of the genome and are tra ... | 1995 | 7707513 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 dna replication is specifically required for high-frequency homologous recombination between repeated sequences. | using an assay for recombination that measures deletion of a beta-galactosidase gene positioned between two directly repeated 350-bp sequences in plasmids transiently maintained in cos cells, we have found that replication from a simian virus 40 origin produces a high frequency of nonhomologous recombination. in contrast, plasmids replicating from a herpesvirus origin (oris) in cos cells superinfected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) show high levels of homologous recombination between t ... | 1995 | 7707536 |
| structure and role of the terminal repeats of epstein-barr virus in processing and packaging of virion dna. | the linear virion epstein-barr virus (ebv) dna is terminated at both ends by a variable number of direct, tandemly arranged terminal repeats (trs) which are approximately 500 bp in size the number of trs at each terminus can vary. after infection of host cells, the ebv dna circularizes via the trs by an unknown mechanism, and replication of the viral dna during the lytic phase of the ebv life cycle leads to large dna concatemers which need to be cleaved into virion dna units, eventually. this cl ... | 1995 | 7707542 |
| varicella-zoster virus gene 63 encodes an immediate-early protein that is abundantly expressed during latency. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gene 63 encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 30.5 kda which has amino acid similarities with the immediate-early (ie) protein 22 (icp-22) of herpes simplex virus type 1. in order to study the expression of this protein during lytic and latent infection, gene 63 was cloned in frame and downstream from the glutathione-s-transferase gene, expressed as a fusion protein, and purified. in vzv-infected vero cells, antibodies directed against this protein det ... | 1995 | 7707559 |
| in vitro and in vivo anti-herpes viral activities and biological properties of cv-arau. | we compared the in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and other biological properties of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-5-[(e)-2-chlorovinyl]uracil (cv-arau) and 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-5-[(e)-2-bromovinyl]uracil (bv-arau, sorivudine). both cv-arau and bv-arau exhibited antiviral activities against hsv-1 in the cell culture derived from mouse, though the activities were lower than those seen in human cells. for intraperitoneal and intracerebral infection ... | 1994 | 7710267 |
| synergistic anti-herpes effect of tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma in human corneal epithelial cells compared with that in corneal fibroblasts. | in this study we compared how effectively the proinflammatory cytokines tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma could inhibit hsv-1 replication in human corneal tissue fragments and monolayers of epithelial cells and fibroblasts derived from intact corneas, and investigated the mechanism responsible for the inhibition. pretreatment of corneal tissue or cells derived therefrom with tnf-alpha (50 u/ml) and ifn-gamma (5 iu/ml) consistently induced a synergistic antiviral effect. inhibition of hsv-1 growth was most ... | 1994 | 7710269 |
| recombinants are isolated at high frequency following in vivo mixed ocular infection with two avirulent herpes simplex virus type 1 strains. | mixed infections with different strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) may result in more severe disease than infection with either strain alone. this phenomenon is important because it may facilitate the identification of virulence genes through the transfer of virulence determinants between complementing strains, and it may pose a problem in the use of attenuated hsv strains for vaccines and gene delivery vectors. in this study, we have compared the percentage of recombinants present a ... | 1995 | 7710352 |
| a bk virus episomal vector for constitutive high expression of exogenous cdnas in human cells. | a bk virus (bkv) episomal vector (prpneocmv) was constructed for expression of cdnas under control of the cytomegalovirus (cmv) immediate-early promoter. transfection of prpneocmv for expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene in several human cell lines showed that the cmv promoter is more efficient than the hiv-1 and rsv ltrs in directing gene expression from episomal vectors. in 293 human cells prpneocmv/cat is twenty times more active in cat expression than the well known ... | 1995 | 7710358 |
| involvement of lfa-1 and icam-1 in the herpetic disease resulting from hsv-1 corneal infection. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) corneal infection in immunologically normal mice results in a transient epithelial lesion followed in about 2 weeks by a potentially blinding inflammatory response in the corneal stroma, and a mild blepharitis. similarly infected t cell-deficient mice do not develop corneal stromal inflammation, but exhibit severe periocular skin disease and succumb to viral encephalitis. the role of certain adhesion molecules in both t cell activation, and in the extravasatio ... | 1995 | 7720405 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase opposes the importance of amino acid positions 251, 321 and 348 for selective recognition of substrate analogs. | seven site-directed mutants representing step-by-step transitions from the thymidine kinase (tk) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1) strain f to that one of strain sc16 were constructed, recombinantly produced and kinetically characterized in order to identify which of three differences in the amino acid sequence of these two tks is/are responsible for their difference in substrate specificity. the preference of these two tks for the substrate analogs aciclovir and ganciclovir was reported to ... | 1995 | 7733991 |
| sendai virus and herpes virus type 1 induce apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | recent reports suggest that several viruses, besides human immunodeficiency virus, induce apoptosis in infected cells. we report here that sendai virus or herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), two potent inducers of interferon-alpha, caused cell death in a consistent number of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. a careful analysis of infected cells by different techniques, such as optical and electron microscopy, dna agarose gel electrophoresis, and cytofluorimetric analysis of dna content, ... | 1995 | 7737380 |
| the regulation of synthesis and properties of the protein product of open reading frame p of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome. | open reading frame p (orf p) maps in the inverted repeat sequence ab and b'a' flanking the long unique (ul) sequence of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome, within the sequence reported to be transcribed during latent infection of sensory neurons. both the protein and the rna were previously reported to be expressed only in cells infected with a deletion mutant or with a mutant carrying a ts lesion in the alpha 4 gene encoding the infected cell protein no. 4 (icp4), a major regulatory protein of t ... | 1995 | 7745709 |
| varicella-zoster virus gene 63: transcript mapping and regulatory activity. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) putative immediate-early (ie) protein encoded by orf63 is the homolog of hsv-1 icp-22. to further characterize orf63 and its function, northern analysis, primer extension, and s1 nuclease assays were used to map its transcripts, and transient transfection assays were performed with constructs containing orf63 or its promoter region. two transcripts were identified: a 0.9-kb transcript spans orf63 alone, and a 1.8-kb transcript reads through orf64. two prominent t ... | 1995 | 7747473 |
| pseudorabies virus epo is functionally homologous to varicella-zoster virus orf61 protein and herpes simplex virus type 1 icpo. | pseudorabies virus (prv) early protein o (epo) is the homolog of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 61 (orf61) protein and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) icpo. a prv epo deletion mutant grows poorly in cell culture, suggesting that epo plays a critical role in the viral replicative cycle. in this study, we have shown that the growth defect of an epo deletion mutant was complemented in vero cells expressing vzv orf61 protein or hsv-1 icpo. in transient expression assays prv epo, ... | 1995 | 7747481 |
| herpes simplex virus glycoprotein k is known to influence fusion of infected cells, yet is not on the cell surface. | syncytial mutants of herpes simplex virus (hsv) cause extensive fusion of cultured cells, whereas wild-type hsv primarily causes cell rounding and aggregation. a large fraction of syncytial viruses contain mutations in the ul53 gene, which encodes glycoprotein k (gk). previously, we demonstrated that wild-type and syncytial forms of gk are expressed at similar levels and possess identical electrophoretic mobilities. using immunofluorescence, we show that gk is not transported to the surfaces of ... | 1995 | 7769723 |
| protection against herpes simplex virus-induced eye disease after vaccination with seven individually expressed herpes simplex virus 1 glycoproteins. | to compare the efficacy of each of seven expressed herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins as vaccines to protect against ocular disease after primary ocular hsv-1 infection. | 1995 | 7775113 |
| quiescent viral genomes in human fibroblasts after infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 vmw65 mutants. | the development and utilization of a tissue culture system for the analysis of quiescent, nonreplicating herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genomes is described. it was demonstrated previously that the hsv-1 vmw65 mutant in1814, which is impaired for immediate early (ie) transcription, was retained for many days in human fetal lung (hfl) fibroblasts in a quiescent 'latent' state. molecular analysis of the viral genome was not possible, however, due to residual expression of ie proteins and cons ... | 1995 | 7782770 |
| expression of beta-galactosidase in neurons of dorsal root ganglia which are latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. | explanation into culture of dorsal root ganglia (drg) latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) causes reactivation of the virus. previous studies have suggested that either latency-associated transcripts (lats) were removed as an early consequence of reactivation or, alternatively, there was a population of latently infected cells which did not contain lats. we have now attempted to detect this population of neurons by inserting a reporter gene (escherichia coli lacz gene), und ... | 1995 | 7782783 |
| polyamines alter sequence-specific dna-protein interactions. | the polyamines are abundant biogenic cations implicated in many biological processes. despite a plethora of evidence on polyamine-induced dna conformational changes, no thorough study of their effects on the activities of sequence-specific dna binding proteins has been performed. we describe the in vitro effects of polyamines on the activities of purified, representative dna-binding proteins, and on complex protein mixtures. polyamines at physiological concentrations enhance the binding of sever ... | 1995 | 7784186 |
| inhibition of pseudorabies virus replication by a chimeric trans-gene product repressing transcription of the immediate-early gene. | a chimeric gene encoding a fusion protein consisting of the dna-binding domain of the immediate-early (ie) protein of pseudorabies virus (prv) and a tail-truncated vmw65 of herpes simplex virus 1, lacking the transcription activation domain, was constructed. the chimeric gene product inhibited transcription from the prv ie promoter in a transient expression assay. a hela cell line stably transformed with the chimeric gene showed remarkable resistance to prv infection. in the transformed cells in ... | 1995 | 7793065 |
| antiherpetic activities of n-alpha-acetyl-nona-d-arginine amide acetate. | n-alpha-acetyl-nona-d-arginine amide acetate (alx40-4c) was developed as a competitive inhibitor of the binding of the hiv tat protein to its rna target tar, which is an intracellular interaction dependent on a short, arginine-rich sequence in tat. alx40-4c is a simple mimic of that domain, which is stabilised against enzymatic degradation through inclusion of d-amino acids and terminal protection. the drug inhibits hiv-1 in vitro and is currently being assessed in vivo. in the work reported her ... | 1995 | 7796707 |
| differentiation of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with hsv encephalitis and meningitis by stringent hybridization of pcr-amplified dnas. | differentiation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 in cerebrospinal fluid of 17 patients with serologically diagnosed hsv encephalitis and meningitis or acute limbic encephalitis was determined by stringent hybridization of polymerase chain reaction--amplified dnas. ten of 17 patients were positive; six with hsv 1 isolates and four with hsv 2 isolates. we detected hsv type 1 in two cases of meningitis, although meningitis is generally thought to be caused by type 2. additionally, hsv ty ... | 1994 | 7799000 |
| varicella: pediatric genital/rectal vesicular lesions of unclear origin. | three children who presented with localized vesicular rash in the diaper area were found to have primary varicella-zoster infections. primary varicella can closely mimic genital herpes simplex virus (hsv 1 or 2), which may be an indicator of sexual abuse. to avoid unfounded investigation for sexual abuse, primary varicella-zoster infection must be included in the differential diagnosis. direct fluorescent antibody testing is a sensitive and specific diagnostic test that can be used to distinguis ... | 1995 | 7802360 |
| identification of the core residues of the epitope of a monoclonal antibody raised against glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 by screening of a random peptide library. | random peptide libraries (rpl) displayed on the surface of a filamentous bacteriophage can be used to identify peptide ligands that interact with target molecules. we have used a 15-amino acid residue rpl displayed on bacteriophage m13 to identify the core residues within the epitope of a monoclonal antibody (mab) a16 which interacts with a continuous epitope restricted to amino acid residues 9 to 19 in the n-terminal region of glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (gd-1). the single pep ... | 1994 | 7805747 |
| simultaneous measurement of antibodies to epstein-barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and 14 enteroviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome: is there evidence of activation of a nonspecific polyclonal immune response? | as a test of the hypothesis that elevated titers of viral antibodies in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) are due to a nonspecific polyclonal immune response, antibodies to epstein-barr virus (ebv), human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6), and 14 enteroviruses in 20 patients with cfs and 20 age- and gender-matched controls were simultaneously measured. similarly, titers of igg to herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 were measured in 18 of these cases and in the respective controls. igg to ebv ... | 1994 | 7811864 |
| input to the primate frontal eye field from the substantia nigra, superior colliculus, and dentate nucleus demonstrated by transneuronal transport. | the purpose of these experiments was to study the subcortical input to the frontal eye field (fef) and to determine which subcortical structures might project to the fef via pathways that contain only a single intervening synapse. we used retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) to label second-order neurons that send information to the fef of cebus monkeys. the saccade region of the fef was identified physiologically using intracortical stimulation and then inje ... | 1994 | 7813649 |
| effect of protein kinase c inhibitors on the antiviral activity of human alpha interferon in herpes simplex virus-infected human neuroblastoma cells. | pretreatment of human neuroblastoma cells with an inhibitor of protein kinase c (pkc), staurosporine or h-7, prior to the addition of human alpha interferon (huifn-alpha), recombinant huifn-alpha, or recombinant huifn-beta blocked the inhibitory effect of these ifns on the release of infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 from treated cells. in addition, staurosporine blocked the inhibitory effect of huifns on the expressions of herpes simplex type 1 glycoproteins b, c, and d in treated neurobla ... | 1995 | 7815513 |
| a sensitive assay system screening antiviral compounds against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. | a highly sensitive and accurate assay system was developed for in vitro evaluation of anti-herpes simplex virus (anti-hsv) agents using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt) and human embryonic lung fibroblast (mrc-5) cells. this assay system was found to be highly sensitive for both hsv-1 and -2. confluent mrc-5 cells were infected with either hsv-1 kos strain or hsv-2 g strain of 25 tcid50 in the presence of various concentrations of test compounds. the optical den ... | 1994 | 7822458 |
| adhesion molecule expression and lymphocyte adhesion to cerebral endothelium: effects of measles virus and herpes simplex 1 virus. | expression of endothelial cell (ec) adhesion molecules is increased in inflammatory neurological disorders and this may regulate lymphocyte homing to the central nervous system (cns). viral encephalitis is characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of the cns and one mechanism of this response may be ec adhesion molecule induction with consequent inflammatory cell/ec binding. this report characterises the effects of herpes simplex 1 (hsv1) or measles virus (mv) infection of balb/c brain microvasc ... | 1995 | 7822475 |
| chronic encephalitis and epilepsy (rasmussen's encephalitis): detection of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus 1 by the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. | we made a pathologic diagnosis of chronic encephalitis on surgical resections or autopsy material in 10 patients with intractable seizures and studied the specimens by immunohistochemistry for herpes simplex virus (hsv) 1 and 2 and cytomegalovirus (cmv) as well as by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for viral dna sequences (hsv1, hsv2, and cmv). we also assessed eight patients (nonepileptic) with pathologically documented or clinically suspected encephalitis and five resections from epileptic ... | 1995 | 7824098 |
| a herpes simplex virus type 1 icp22 deletion mutant is altered for virulence and latency in vivo. | the in vivo function of the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early gene icp22 has been investigated in mice and guinea pigs using a deletion mutant (del22z) of hsv-1(f) that lacks all but 18 nucleotides of the icp22 coding sequence. this mutant carries the bacterial lacz gene at the site of the deletion and makes functional beta-galactosidase, but is unable to synthesize any detectable icp22 messenger rna or protein in vitro. del22z was impaired in its ability to cause death in mice followi ... | 1994 | 7826204 |
| a fast method for obtaining highly pure recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase. | recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (tk) was isolated in a fast and gentle two-step procedure from escherichia coli as a thrombin cleavable fusion protein. the tk was expressed as an inducible glutathione s-acetyl transferase fusion protein and purified in a first step by glutathione affinity chromatography. proteolytic cleavage of the column bound tk with thrombin led to a truncated enzyme, resulting from two new and hitherto unknown cleavage sites, determined by n-terminal ... | 1994 | 7827501 |
| an hsv-1 vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase causes production and release of l-dopa from cultured rat striatal cells. | in this report we demonstrate that a defective herpes simplex virus type one (hsv-1) vector can express enzymatically active tyrosine hydroxylase in cultured striatal cells that are thereby converted into l-dopa-producing cells. a human tyrosine hydroxylase cdna (form ii) was inserted into an hsv-1 vector (phsvth) and packaged into virus particles using an hsv-1 strain 17 mutant in the immediate early 3 gene (either ts k or d30eba) as helper virus. cultured fibroblasts were infected with phsvth ... | 1995 | 7830040 |
| transneuronal labelling of cns neurons with herpes simplex virus. | | 1994 | 7831471 |
| synthesis, properties, and pharmacokinetic studies of n2-phenylguanine derivatives as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinases. | two series of selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv1,2) thymidine kinases (tk) have been developed as potential treatment of recurrent virus infections. among compounds related to the potent base analog n2-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]guanine (mcf3-pg), none was a more potent inhibitor than mcf3pg itself. compounds related to the nucleoside n2-phenyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (phdg), but with alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and related substituents at the 9-position in place of the glycosyl ... | 1995 | 7837239 |
| [in vivo observations and electron microscopy in the treatment of experimental hsv keratitis with monoclonal antibodies]. | in vivo observations and electron microscopy showed that topical use of anti-hsv monoclonal glycoprotein antibodies produced marked antiviral effects in inhibiting the development of experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits and in protecting the susceptible corneal cells. as a new biological product, the anti-hsv monoclonal antibodies may provide a new approach to the treatment of hsv keratitis. | 1994 | 7843007 |
| time course of cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity after inoculation of herpes simplex virus into the anterior chamber of mice. | the time course of the activity of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) was studied after injecting herpes simplex virus (hsv) into the anterior chamber of c3h/he mice and compared with that following corneal inoculation. ctl activity in cervical lymph nodes was suppressed during the 14 days after the inoculation, while that in the spleen increased 2 days earlier compared with the activity after corneal inoculation. the difference between the peaks of ctl activity after inoculation via each route was n ... | 1994 | 7845649 |
| the ul37 protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 is associated with the tegument of purified virions. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul37 open reading frame encodes a 120-kda late (gamma 1) phosphoprotein in infected cells. analysis of isolated mature hsv virions and light particles revealed that the ul37 protein is a component of the virion. detergent solubilization and protease digestion experiments suggest that the ul37 protein is part of the tegument structure. indirect immunofluorescence experiments using hsv-1-infected cells and cells infected with a vaccinia recombinant virus tha ... | 1995 | 7856080 |
| viral antibody titers are influenced by hla-dr2 phenotype. | antibody serum levels against herpes simplex type 1 virus, cytomegalovirus, viral capsid antigens of epstein-barr virus, and rubella virus were evaluated in a sample of the sicilian population. results demonstrated that hla-dr2-positive individuals showed a significant increase in antibody titers, when compared to hla-dr2-negative individuals. these observations seem to be in contrast with the reported association of the hla-dr2 phenotype with an ineffective immune response against several infec ... | 1994 | 7857663 |
| the ligand-binding domains of the thyroid hormone/retinoid receptor gene subfamily function in vivo to mediate heterodimerization, gene silencing, and transactivation. | the ligand-binding domains (lbds) of the thyroid/retinoid receptor gene subfamily contain a series of heptad motifs important for dimeric interactions. this subfamily includes thyroid hormone receptors (t3rs), all-trans retinoic acid (ra) receptors (rars), 9-cis ra receptors (rars and retinoid x receptors [rxrs]), the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 receptor (vdr), and the receptors that modulate the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway (ppars). these receptors bind to their dna response elements in vitr ... | 1995 | 7862171 |
| positive and negative regulation at the herpes simplex virus icp4 and icp0 taatgarat motifs. | the control of the icp0 and icp4 immediate early genes of herpes simplex virus (hsv) can critically determine the course of viral lytic or latent infections. their promoters contain so-called taatgarat motifs that are activated via a multiprotein complex which includes cellular proteins oct-1 and hcf and the viral activator (vp16 (= vmw65, alpha tif). relative to the icp4 promoter taatgagat sequence, the icp0 promoter motif has a 5' extension that includes a full octamer sequence (atgctaatgatat) ... | 1995 | 7871718 |
| co-infection and synergy of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and herpes simplex virus-1. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) uses the cd4 molecule, expressed by t helper cells and activated macrophages, as a receptor for entry into host cells. in tissues co-infected with herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1), hiv-1 virions were observed to infect keratinocytes, which, because they lack the cd4 molecule, are normally incapable of being infected by hiv-1. although a number of other viruses have been reported to enhance hiv-1 viral transcription in vitro, this is the first in-vivo report ... | 1994 | 7905094 |
| mutation of a single lysine residue severely impairs the dna recognition and regulatory functions of the vzv gene 62 transactivator protein. | the product of varicella-zoster virus gene 62 (vzv 140k) is a potent transactivator protein. we have identified a region within the dna binding domain of vzv 140k that shows a striking similarity to the dna recognition helix of the homeodomain, with an especially highly conserved quartet of residues, wlqn. the 140k protein has functional counterparts within the other alphaherpesviruses, which include the major transcriptional regulatory protein of hsv-1, (icp4), and the wlqn region is highly con ... | 1994 | 7907417 |
| characterization of a herpes simplex virus type 1 deletion variant (1703) which under-produces vmw63 during immediate early conditions of infection. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 deletion variant 1703 apparently fails to synthesize the essential ie2 gene product vmw63 despite the deletion leaving the gene intact. sequence analysis revealed that the deletion removes a region to the right of ie2 comprising the 3' end of ie1, ul56 and the 3' part of ul55, stopping 555 bp downstream of the ie2 polyadenylation signal. further dna sequencing has shown that there is no secondary mutation in the ie2 gene. western blot analysis demonstrated that vm ... | 1994 | 7909833 |
| quantitative studies on cd4+ and cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses against herpes simplex virus type 1 in normal and beta 2-m deficient mice. | against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected target cells, effector t cells of both cd4- cd8+ and cd4+ cd8- phenotypes occur in both man and mice. in man, the cd4+ cd8- phenotype may dominate the response, but the situation in the mouse is unclear. in this report, several approaches are used to document the existence of hsv-1-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) of both phenotypes and to quantitate the frequency of their ctl precursors (ctl-p) in acutely hsv-1 infected animals. evidenc ... | 1994 | 7916329 |
| induction of mhc-unrestricted cytolytic cd4+ t cells against virally infected target cells by cross-linking cd4 molecules. | cross-linking cd4 molecules with the use of specific mabs induced ag-nonspecific, mhc-unrestricted killing by human or bovine cd4+ t cells and human allospecific t cell clones against virally infected (bovine herpesvirus-1 and herpes simplex virus-1) target cells. heat-aggregated goat igg anti-mouse igg elevated cd4 cross-linking efficiency, resulting in augmented killing activity by effector cells. however, ab-activated effector cells failed to kill tumor target cell lines, e.g., k562, daudi (h ... | 1994 | 7930600 |
| mutations in the cytoplasmic tail of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein h suppress cell fusion by a syncytial strain. | we have developed a complementation assay, using transiently transfected cos cells, to facilitate a molecular analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gh. when infected by a gh-null syncytial virus, cos cells expressing wild-type gh generate infectious progeny virions and form a syncytium with neighboring cells. by deletion and point mutagenesis, we have found particular residues in the gh cytoplasmic tail to be essential for generation of a syncytium but apparently dispensable f ... | 1994 | 7933080 |
| the herpes simplex virus ul20 protein compensates for the differential disruption of exocytosis of virions and viral membrane glycoproteins associated with fragmentation of the golgi apparatus. | the golgi apparatus is fragmented and dispersed in vero cells but not in human 143tk- cells infected with wild-type herpes simplex virus 1. moreover, a recombinant virus lacking the gene encoding the membrane protein ul20 (ul20- virus) accumulates in the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes of vero cells but is exported and spreads from cell to cell in 143tk- cell cultures. here we report that in vero cells infected with ul20- virus, the virion envelope glycoproteins were of the i ... | 1994 | 7933123 |
| analysis of the cytolytic t-lymphocyte response to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein b during primary and secondary infection. | the immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection in c57bl/6 mice includes a population of major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) that recognize the structural glycoprotein gb. to gain insight into the importance of this ctl subpopulation in vivo, gb-specific ctl present in the regional lymph nodes after a primary infection and after a reinfection of convalescent animals were analyzed. in a primary infection, gb-specific ctl precursor ... | 1994 | 7933156 |
| herpes simplex virus-induced expression of 70 kda heat shock protein (hsp70) requires early protein synthesis but not viral dna replication. | the major 70 kda heat shock protein (hsp70), which is scarcely expressed in unstressed rodent cells, was apparently induced by infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv). infection with hsv types 1 and 2 elevated hsp70 mrna levels within 4 hr post-infection. hsp70 synthesis and accumulation increased in hsv-infected cells. irradiation of hsv with uv-light abolished the ability to induce hsp70 mrna. inhibitors of viral dna synthesis did not affect the induction of hsp70 in infected cells. protein ... | 1994 | 7935054 |
| anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function. | the possibility that neurons in the basal ganglia and cerebellum innervate areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in cognitive function has been a controversial subject. here, retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) was used to identify subcortical neurons that project via the thalamus to area 46 of the primate prefrontal cortex. this cortical area is known to be involved in spatial working memory. many neurons in restricted regions of the dentate nucleus ... | 1994 | 7939688 |
| role of anisomorphic dna conformations in the negative regulation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 promoter. | the a sequence is a bifunctional element in the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genome which possesses both the signals required for the cleavage and encapsidation of replicated viral dna and the promoter-regulatory sequences for the gene encoding the viral neurovirulence factor icp34.5. since the icp34.5 promoter lacks features that are characteristic of most hsv-1 promoters, including a canonical tata box, an initiator element, and upstream binding sites for host cell transcription factors ... | 1994 | 7941324 |
| the hsv-1 2-kb latency-associated transcript is found in the cytoplasm comigrating with ribosomal subunits during productive infection. | we have examined the nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of the latency-associated transcripts (lats) of hsv-1. during latency these transcripts accumulate in the nuclei of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system of infected animals. however, our northern blot analyses demonstrate that the 2-kb lat is found in the cytoplasm of hsv-1-infected cv-1 cells, and brainstems of hsv-1 productively infected mice. like the nuclear lat from latently infected tissue, most of the cytoplasmic 2- ... | 1994 | 7941340 |
| polymerase chain reaction amplification of herpes simplex viral dna from the geniculate ganglion of a patient with bell's palsy. | bell's palsy is the most common cause of facial paralysis. in this study, we demonstrate the presence of herpes simplex viral type 1 (hsv-1) genomic dna in the geniculate ganglion of a patient who had bell's palsy. this association suggests that in this patient, hsv-1 may have caused bell's palsy. if hsv-1 is a cause of bell's palsy, treatment with acyclovir may be beneficial. additional studies should be done to establish the prevalence of hsv-1 as an etiologic agent of bell's palsy. | 1994 | 7944168 |
| hsv-1 ie protein vmw110 causes redistribution of pml. | herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein vmw110 is required for fully efficient viral gene expression and reactivation from latency. at early times of viral infection, vmw110 localizes to discrete nuclear structures (known as nd10, pods or kr bodies) which contain several cellular proteins, including pml. interestingly, the unregulated growth of promyelocytic leukaemia cells is correlated with disruption of the normal state of nd10. in this paper we show that: (i) vmw110 affects the distribu ... | 1994 | 7957072 |
| mapping, cloning and sequencing of a glycoprotein-encoding gene from bovine herpesvirus type 1 homologous to the ge gene from hsv-1. | in order to map and identify the glycoprotein-encoding gene from bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), homologous to the ge glycoprotein from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a region of the unique short sequence from the bhv-1 genome has been sequenced. the sequenced region contains an orf coding for a polypeptide of 575 amino acids (aa). the aa sequence presents substantial similarity to that of the glycoprotein ge from hsv-1 and to homologous proteins of related viruses such as pseudorabies ... | 1994 | 7958994 |
| role of acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis. | | 1994 | 7960531 |
| alteration of intracerebral cytokine production in mice infected with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | previously we reported that a lethal strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infects the brain following ocular inoculation of mice. we now demonstrate that hsv-2 mediates an unusual intracellular sequestering of class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens. with use of an rnase protection assay, we observed a selective inhibition of ifn-gamma and il-6 gene transcription in brains of mice infected with hsv-2. it is likely that the inhibition of cytokine gene expression was medi ... | 1994 | 7962482 |
| fv structure of monoclonal antibody ii-481 against herpes simplex virus fc gamma-binding glycoprotein ge contains immunodominant complementarity determining region epitopes that react with human immunoglobulin m rheumatoid factors. | human immunoglobulin m (igm) rheumatoid factors (rfs) show primary direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) reactivity with fab rather than fc fragments of monoclonal antibody (mab) ii-481 directed against the fc gamma-binding site of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein ge. this preferential anti-fab specificity suggests that rfs react with antigen-binding portions of mab ii-481 as anti-idiotypic antibodies directed at the combining site regions of mab reacting with the fc gamma-binding re ... | 1994 | 7964464 |
| the gene downstream of the gc homologue in feline herpes virus type 1 is involved in the expression of virulence. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) mutants were constructed, carrying a beta-galactosidase marker gene integrated into the region downstream of the gene encoding the homologue of glycoprotein c (gc) of herpes simplex virus type 1. in cell culture, no differences in replication were observed between mutants and the parent fhv-1 strain. however, in experimentally infected cats, mutants caused fewer clinical signs after oronasal administration although they replicated to the same extent as the paren ... | 1994 | 7964620 |
| vitreous fluid sampling and viral genome detection for the diagnosis of viral retinitis in patients with aids. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) causes severe necrotizing retinitis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and other herpesviruses have been implicated in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome (arn), seen in both the immunocompetent and the immunosuppressed. at present the diagnosis of viral retinitis relies solely on clinical appearances. in order to assess whether the detection of herpesvirus-specific dna in cell-free vitreous biopsy samples could be useful in the early diagnosis ... | 1994 | 7964643 |
| herpes simplex virus inhibits host cell splicing, and regulatory protein icp27 is required for this effect. | while the majority of metazoan genes and those of the dna viruses which infect them contain introns which require rna splicing, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes relatively few spliced products. we previously showed that the hsv-1 immediate-early protein icp27 decreased the levels of spliced target mrnas in transfections and spliced cellular mrnas during infection, suggesting that icp27 may function in impairing host cell splicing. here, we show that during infections with the wild typ ... | 1994 | 7966568 |
| analysis of a herpes simplex virus type 1 lat mutant with a deletion between the putative promoter and the 5' end of the 2.0-kilobase transcript. | a herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 17 mutant with a deletion between genomic nucleotides 118880 and 119250 was constructed and called 17 delta sty. the deletion removes most of a putative secondary lat promoter (called lapii) as well as 370 of the first 449 nucleotides of the proposed 8.5-kb transcript believed to be the precursor of 2.0-kb lat. 17 delta sty was shown to produce major 2.0-kb lats in tissue culture. moreover, trigeminal nerves from latently infected mice contained an intact 1.4 ... | 1994 | 7966571 |
| varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 10 protein, the homolog of the essential herpes simplex virus protein vp16, is dispensable for vzv replication in vitro. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 10 (orf10) protein in the homolog of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) protein vp16. vzv orf10 transactivates the vzv ie62 gene and is a tegument protein present in the virion. hsv-1 vp16, a potent transactivator of hsv-1 immediate-early genes and tegument protein, is essential for hsv-1 replication in vitro. to determine whether vzv orf10 is required for viral replication in vitro, we constructed two vzv mutants which were unable to express ... | 1994 | 7966575 |
| differential response of human cells to deletions and stop codons in the gamma(1)34.5 gene of herpes simplex virus. | earlier studies have shown that herpes simplex virus mutants lacking the gamma(1)34.5 gene are totally avirulent on intracerebral inoculation of the virus into mice and induce premature shutoff of protein synthesis in human neuroblastoma (sk-n-sh) cells but not in vero cells. we report the following. (i) whereas deletion mutant r3616, lacking 1,000 bp of the gamma(1)34.5 gene, caused premature shutoff of protein synthesis in both sk-n-sh and human foreskin fibroblasts (hff), mutants r4009 and r9 ... | 1994 | 7966624 |
| the ring finger domain of the varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 61 protein is required for its transregulatory functions. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 61 (orf61) protein transactivates expression of vzv promoters. vzv orf61 is functionally homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cell protein 0 (icp0); however, amino acid sequence homology of these two proteins is limited to the ring finger domains, a recently identified sequence motif composed of cysteine and histidine residues, located in their amino-terminal regions. a carboxy-terminal truncation mutant of icp0 (which retains ... | 1994 | 7975220 |
| regions us6 and us7 of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna encoding glycoproteins d and i may influence neuroinvasivity. | recombinants were prepared by replacing a 1931 bp region of the bamhi j fragment (0.906-0.920) of the pathogenic angpath dna-coding for glycoprotein d (gd) and a part of glycoprotein i (gi)--by the corresponding sequence of nonpathogenic kos dna (kaerner et al., 1991) and tested in dba/2 mice. the strain angpath and the control recombinant angpath/gd-gipath, prepared by back transfer of the given angpath dna fragment into angpath/gd-gidellacz+ dna, were pathogenic after intraperitoneal inoculati ... | 1994 | 7976867 |
| heat shock-induced reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in latently infected mouse trigeminal ganglion cells in dissociated culture. | an in vitro herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency model was established, using trigeminal ganglia from latently infected mice. when heat-treated at 43 degrees c for 3 h, reactivation followed in 76.6% of the cultures, while reactivation was not observed in non-heat-treated controls. | 1994 | 7979977 |
| local expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 correlates with protection against corneal scarring after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. | to correlate specific local immune responses with protection from corneal scarring, we examined immune cell infiltrates in the cornea after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). this is the first report to examine corneal infiltrates following ocular challenge of a vaccinated mouse rather than following infection of a naive mouse. mice were vaccinated systemically with vaccines that following ocular challenge with hsv-1 resulted in (i) complete protection ... | 1995 | 7983727 |
| evaluation of colocalization interactions between the ie110, ie175, and ie63 transactivator proteins of herpes simplex virus within subcellular punctate structures. | a number of previous studies have implied that three herpes simplex virus-encoded nuclear transactivator proteins, ie175 (icp4), ie110 (icp0), and ie63 (icp27), may cooperate in transcriptional and posttranscriptional stimulation of viral gene expression. using double-label immunofluorescence assays (ifa) in transient expression assays, we have examined the intracellular localization of these three proteins in dna-transfected cells. the ie110 protein on its own forms spherical punctate domains w ... | 1995 | 7983744 |
| kinetic analysis of the interaction between the diphosphate of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine, ddctp, azttp, and fiautp with human dna polymerases beta and gamma. | the inhibitory effects of the diphosphate of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy-propyl)cytosine (hpmpcpp) toward human dna polymerases beta and gamma were studied. the ki values of hpmpcpp were compared with the ki values of the triphosphates of 3'-azidothymidine (azttp), 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddctp) and 5-iodo-2'-fluoroarabinosyluridine (fiautp). the ki values toward dna polymerase beta in increasing order were 1.32, 1.43, 140, and 520 microm for ddctp, fiautp, azttp and hpmpcpp, respectivel ... | 1994 | 7986213 |
| [the physiological function of plasma apoa-i--the anti-viral effects of apoa-i and its fragments]. | apolipoprotein a-i (apoa-i), the major protein of plasma high density lipoproteins, was found to inhibit herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-i) induced cell fusion at physiological concentrations (mumol/l). plasma apoa-i from three different species was used to study the anti-viral effects by microneutralization test. marked inhibition of virus-induced cell fusion was observed when the virus or the cells were pretreated with apoa-i, suggesting that apoa-i may have a direct effect on the virus and t ... | 1994 | 7987949 |
| identification of structural domains within the large subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase. | the large subunit (r1) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) ribonucleotide reductase is a bifunctional protein consisting of a unique n-terminal protein kinase domain and a ribonucleotide reductase domain. previous studies showed that the two functional domains are linked by a protease sensitive site. here we provide evidence for two subdomains, of 30k and 53k, within the reductase domain. the two fragments, which were produced by limited proteolysis and were resistant to further degradation, remained ... | 1994 | 7996127 |
| icp34.5 influences herpes simplex virus type 1 maturation and egress from infected cells in vitro. | we have previously demonstrated that efficient replication of mutant herpes simplex virus which fails to synthesize the polypeptide icp34.5 is cell type and cell state dependent. icp34.5 negative viruses do not grow in stationary state mouse embryo fibroblast 3t6 cells whereas the growth kinetics in bhk cells are indistinguishable from those of wild-type. we now demonstrate that this defect is not due to an inability of mutant virus to adsorb to 3t6 cells but rather to an inability to spread fro ... | 1994 | 7996163 |
| cell-type-specific induction of the ul9 gene of hsv-1 by cell signaling pathway. | the origin-binding protein, encoded by the ul9 gene of herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1), has the properties of an initiator of dna replication. in this communication, we report that the ul9 promoter contains a camp-response element (cre). transient expression analyses show that dibutyryl cyclic amp, known to elevate intracellular camp level, can induce the ul9 promoter in a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (pc12) but not in a non-neuronal human cell line (hela). interestingly, a transcription factor ... | 1994 | 7999061 |
| histological and immunopathological analysis of t-cells mediating murine hsv-1 keratitis. | thymus-derived lymphocytes play a critical role in the development of herpes simplex keratitis (hsk). t-cell subsets defined by their expression of various t-cell receptor (tcr) v beta segments were studied following corneal hsv-1 infection (p.i.). | 1994 | 8001832 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus dna sequences in human blood and bone marrow cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) establishes latent infections in neural tissues of humans and experimental animals. utilizing a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay we detected hsv dna sequences in blood cells of healthy prospective bone marrow transplant (bmt) donors and patients. in three healthy individuals studied, hsv dna sequences were found in all blood cell types and also in bone marrow cells as well as in stem cell progenitor colonies isolated from in vitro cultures. studi ... | 1994 | 8006641 |