| the transfer of anti-human immunodeficiency virus nucleoside compounds by the term human placenta. | the purpose of this study was to compare the maternal-fetal placental transfer of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine with that of 3'-azido-2', 3-dideoxythymidine (azidothymidine). | 1992 | 1335207 |
| frequent oropharyngeal shedding of epstein-barr virus in homosexual men during early hiv infection. | to determine the frequency of epstein-barr virus (ebv) oropharyngeal shedding during hiv infection in homosexual men in the multicenter aids cohort study. | 1992 | 1335273 |
| correlative detection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antigen p24 and epstein-barr virus dna in vitro: clinical influence on hiv infection. | the existence of molecular transactivations between ebv and hiv-1, as well as reactivations of ebv latent infections in aids patients, have been recently documented. in order to shed more light on the putative association between ebv and hiv, and its role in the evolution to aids, we have determined simultaneously p24 protein and ebv dna in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 47 individuals suspected of having hiv infection. the results of the in vitro assays were cor ... | 1992 | 1335543 |
| [the use of dna hybridization in situ for identifying chromosomal rearrangements in the karyotyping of cell lines]. | a complex karyological analysis of three human cell lines (plc-prf-5, mt-4 and u937) was carried out that involved traditional methods of g-, c-banding and silver staining, in addition to the in situ hybridization technique using 4 alpha-satellite dna probes: dna specific for centromeric regions of chromosome 11, 6, 13, and 21, and 14 and 22. the application of this additional method allowed to identify, prove or detalize the structure of 13 markers in plc-prf-5 cells, 1 marker in mt-4 cells, an ... | 1992 | 1335625 |
| computer analysis of the amino acid sequences in gp41 of apathogenic african green monkey (agm) virus, less pathogenic hiv-2 and highly pathogenic siv and hiv-1 lentiviruses. | the bestfit computer program was used to compare the amino acid sequence of the gp160 envelope glycoprotein of an apathogenic agm and the pathogenic sivagm monkey lentiviruses. it was found that the gp120 envelope glycoproteins of these viruses resembled each other in their functional domains. however, an insert of 40 amino acids was found in the gp41 envelope glycoproteins of the pathogenic sivagm virus in the amino acid sequence between the membrane anchoring sequence and the carboxyterminus. ... | 1992 | 1335629 |
| down-modulation of cell surface expression of p80 form of the tumor necrosis factor receptor by human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat gene. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) induces the expression of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) in vitro in chronically infected cells of t and monocytic origin. the tat protein from the hiv-1 virus has been shown to be essential for hiv replication and in the immunosuppression associated with the virus infection. previous studies in our laboratory have shown that hiv-1 tat gene induces tnf-beta (lymphotoxin) in human b-lymphoblastoid cells (sastry et al., 1990, j. biol. chem. 265, ... | 1992 | 1335762 |
| [the hematological manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in children]. | the hematologic disorders that occur in hiv infected children are analysed by the authors, on the basis of some recent studies from current literature. there are emphasized the importance of the frequency of anemia, leukopenia and granulocytopenia. there are also stressed the pathogenic mechanisms of these disorders, their predictive significance and the rationale basis for therapeutics (actual and future treatment methods). | 1992 | 1335773 |
| susceptibility of human monoclonal antibody-producing b cell lines to infection by human immunodeficiency virus. | seven immortalized b cell clones, five of which secreted specific human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against hepatitis b, tetanus toxoid, and rhesus d antigens, were evaluated for their susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2). infection was confirmed in three human mab-producing lines by detection of infectious virus and p24 antigen in culture supernates, by immunofluorescence, and by detection of viral dna in cells by polymerase chain reaction ... | 1992 | 1335786 |
| retroviruses and human cancer. | retroviruses have long been associated with cancer in many species. human t cell leukaemia virus type i causes adult t cell leukaemia. human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with lymphoma and kaposi sarcoma, but oncogenesis is largely secondary to its effect on the immune system. the incidence of kaposi sarcoma varies greatly in different social groups with aids, being most frequent among male homosexuals; an unknown, sexually transmissible agent may be responsible. human endogenou ... | 1992 | 1335795 |
| detection of multiple retroviral infections in cattle and cross-reactivity of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins using bovine and human sera in a western blot assay. | bovine antibovine immunodeficiency-like virus (biv) antibodies were detected by western blot analysis (wba) using a chemiluminescence protocol. bovine sera with anti-biv activity, obtained from cows in two dairy herds, had antibodies directed against a variety of biv-specific antigens indicating chronic infections. these sera were also tested for serological reactivity against bovine leukemia virus (blv) and bovine syncytial virus (bsv). cows most commonly had anti-bsv antibodies (12 of 39). evi ... | 1992 | 1335835 |
| antiviral (rna) activity of selected amaryllidaceae isoquinoline constituents and synthesis of related substances. | a series of 23 amaryllidaceae isoquinoline alkaloids and related synthetic analogues were isolated or synthesized and subsequently evaluated in cell culture against the rna-containing flaviviruses (japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and dengue viruses), bunyaviruses (punta toro, sandfly fever, and rift valley fever viruses), alphavirus (venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus), lentivirus (human immunodeficiency virus-type 1) and the dna-containing vaccinia virus. narciclasine [1], lycoricid ... | 1992 | 1336040 |
| animal immunodeficiency viruses. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) has morphological, physical and biochemical characteristics similar to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the cause of aids in man. however, it is antigenically and genetically distinct from hiv; an antigenic relatedness with equine infectious anaemia virus has been demonstrated. fiv has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. diagnostic tests are commercially available and attempts at preparing inactivated, subunit and molecularly engineered vaccines are bein ... | 1992 | 1336243 |
| spatial visualization of progressive states of maturing lentivirus. | progressive states of maturing lentivirus: maedia visna virus (mvv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), respectively, have been visualized by 2-d electron microscopy and by 3-d electron microscopic tomography. a major fraction of mvv and a low percentage of hiv appear as immature particles 4 to 5 days post virus infection. upon budding the gag-precursor material is densely packed inside the external envelope. after virus release the major portion of precursors is assembled within an approxim ... | 1992 | 1336244 |
| cysteine protects na,k-atpase and isolated human lymphocytes from silver toxicity. | metal-binding proteins are important components of retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). therefore, metals could be used as antiviral agents. however, most metals are toxic for humans with the exception of silver which is toxic only to prokaryotic cells and viruses. in addition, hiv infection causes a decrease in body cysteine. we formed a complex of silver and cysteine, named silver-cysteine. healthy human lymphocytes were incubated with silver-nitrate or silver-cysteine. neg ... | 1992 | 1336367 |
| [maternal viral infections as a fetal risk factor]. | after a review of the literature reports from recent years viral infections in pregnant women are presented as a fetal and neonatal risk factor. maternal infections with rubella virus, cytomegalovirus++, hepatitis, coxsackie b, varicella, herpes, poliomyelitis, parvovirus b19 and hiv are discussed stressing their unfavourable effect on the developing embryo, fetus or newborn. | 1992 | 1336911 |
| expression of b-type epstein-barr virus in hiv-infected patients and cardiac transplant recipients. | in the present study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) were obtained from hiv+ subjects as well as cardiac transplant recipients, and the presence of a- and b-type epstein-barr virus (ebv) was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). of the hiv+ patients studied, 24% were found to be infected with a-type ebv, 27% with b-type ebv, and 39% with both a and b virus types. analysis of pbmcs from cardiac transplant recipients revealed that 39% were infected with a-type ebv, 33% ... | 1992 | 1336962 |
| identification and evaluation of new primer sets for the detection of lentivirus proviral dna. | we have developed sets of degenerate oligonucleotides designed to detect pol gene sequences from any member of the lentivirus subfamily when used as primers in amplification techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). this pan-lentivirus-specific primer set (plsps) consists of primers, lv1, lv2, and lv3, based on conserved regions common to lentiviruses only. our protocol is based on primary amplification with lv1 and lv2 followed by secondary amplification with a nested primer set b ... | 1992 | 1337258 |
| [study by in situ hybridization of the prevalence of herpes virus as cofactors of the tumoral development of papillomatous lesions of the anogenital region in seropositive and seronegative men against hiv]. | infection with specific types of hpv has emerged as necessary but not sufficient factor in the neoplastic transformation of anogenital condylomas. some viruses (hiv, herpes viridae: hsv, cmv, ebv) might act as cofactors in the neoplastic changes and cancer. to study the prevalence of these viral pathogens in anogenital lesions, biopsies were obtained from hiv seropositive or seronegative men and tested using in situ hybridization technique. infection by "high risk" hpv, hsv and cmv are facilitat ... | 1992 | 1337305 |
| genital human papillomavirus infection in women. | to enhance nurse clinicians' knowledge of genital human papillomavirus infection in women. | 1992 | 1337355 |
| detection of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in bone marrow of cats. | natural or experimental feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in cats is often associated with hematologic abnormalities which are similar to those observed in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients. to determine if cells in bone marrow are infected with fiv and whether severity of hematopoietic disorder is correlated with the level of viral infection, bone marrow tissues from ten experimentally and two naturally fiv infected cats were examined by in situ hybridization for ... | 1992 | 1337401 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: effects of immunization and feline leukemia virus infection. | tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and by cell culture bioassay in supernatants of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated feline monocyte cultures and in cat serum samples. there was a good correlation between the results obtained by the two methods. from the fact that tnf alpha was neutralized quantitatively by antibodies to human tnf alpha in feline monocyte supernatants and in feline sera, it was concluded that feline tnf alpha i ... | 1992 | 1337403 |
| abnormal cervical cytology in adolescents: a literature review. | this article reviews the literature on the subject of cervical cytological abnormalities in teenagers, defined as a papanicolaou (pap) smear result more severe than inflammation. there is discussion of the increasing prevalence of this problem in adolescents. behavioral and biologic risk factors are examined. the role of the human papillomavirus, widely believed to be the etiologic agent, is addressed. atypia, its relationship to cervical malignancies, and its management are reviewed. the possib ... | 1992 | 1337840 |
| [simultaneous detection by non-isotopic in situ hybridization of human papilloma viruses and epstein-barr virus during the lytic cycle in oral hairy leukoplakia lesions]. | oral hairy leukoplakia is almost only described in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. epstein-barr virus, sometimes associated with human papillomavirus, is always involved in the occurrence of these lesions. we have investigated two cases of oral hairy leukoplakia with the goal of detecting ebv and hpv by using both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. ebv genome was detected with biotinylated bamhi w cdna probe in the two cases. furthermore, ebv was found to be i ... | 1992 | 1338183 |
| hematological effects of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine in rabbits. | the antiviral nucleoside analogue 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddc) is a dna chain terminator and/or inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) reverse transcriptase. we evaluated the effects of ddc in 36 new zealand white rabbits. three/sex were assigned to a control group and 5 treatment groups (10-250 mg/kg/day) for 13 or 18 weeks. blood samples were taken 1 week prior to treatment and weekly thereafter to termination with the exception of the 2 highest dose groups, where blood sample collecti ... | 1992 | 1338236 |
| cytomegalovirus pneumonitis in aids--a case report. | respiratory infections occur commonly in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. prompt accurate diagnosis is essential as many of the various available therapies have significant toxicities. we describe a patient previously diagnosed with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who was found to have cytomegalovirus (cmv) pneumonitis on bronchoscopy. his pneumonitis responded to treatment with the nucleoside analogue ganciclovir. our patient is the first docume ... | 1992 | 1338271 |
| effect of lignins on hiv-induced cytopathogenicity and myeloperoxidase activity in human myelogenous leukemic cell lines. | we have previously reported the potent stimulation effect of lignin on the iodination of myeloperoxidase (mpo)-positive cells. we investigated here the anti-hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) activity of lignins in the mpo-positive (hl-60) and -negative (u-937) human myelogenous leukemic cell lines. natural lignified material and dehydrogenation polymers, but not their precursors, effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect of hiv infection in both these cells as well as in mt-4 and molt-4 cells ... | 1992 | 1338279 |
| synthetic "interface" peptides alter dimeric assembly of the hiv 1 and 2 proteases. | retroviral proteases are obligate homodimers and play an essential role in the viral life cycle. dissociation of dimers or prevention of their assembly may inactivate these enzymes and prevent viral maturation. a salient structural feature of these enzymes is an extended interface composed of interdigitating n- and c-terminal residues of both monomers, which form a four-stranded beta-sheet. peptides mimicking one beta-strand (residues 95-99), or two beta-strands (residues 1-5 plus 95-99 or 95-99 ... | 1992 | 1338945 |
| historical progress and the future of human cell culture research. | progress in human cell culture research is discussed based primarily on our hematopoietic cell culture studies. the article includes a historical background of burkitt lymphoma cell lines, discovery of ebv, normal b-lymphoblastoid cell lines with ebv, a variety of leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma cell lines, clinical and theoretical contributions made by studies of t-cell leukemia cell lines, the discovery and clinical relevance of htlv, hiv and hblv, early attempts at adoptive immunotherapy of p ... | 1992 | 1339005 |
| viruses in anogenital cancer. | the association between sexual activity and cancer, first described in carcinoma of the cervix, has been expanded to include the majority of anogenital squamous epithelial carcinomas. current evidence suggests that human papillomavirus (hpv) may be of great importance in the development of these tumours, whilst herpes simplex type 2 virus (hsv-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may play minor roles. certain types of hpv dna, including types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 39 are found in most but not ... | 1992 | 1339181 |
| an efficacy study of itraconazole in the treatment of penicillium marneffei infection. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole in treating p. marneffei infection. | 1992 | 1339213 |
| unusual skin pigmentation in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | diffuse addisonian hyperpigmentation in a male patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex (arc) is described. the etiology of pigmentation in this patient remains obscure but is most probably related to the h.i.v. infection. other causes of addisonian hyperpigmentation are considered less likely. | 1992 | 1339887 |
| antisense rna-mediated inhibition of the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. discussion of critical parameters. | | 1992 | 1340130 |
| [the evaluation of the effect of formol in the detection of cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in feces by the methods of sheater and of the coprotest]. | frequently it is necessary to search for oocysts of cryptosporidium sp. in the stools potentially contaminated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). for the protection of the laboratory personal handling fecal material formalin has been considered useful. however, this disinfectant has not been evaluated when the stool examinations were performed with the technique of flotation-centrifugation in concentrated solution of sugar and with that of "coprotest". our experience indicates that the use ... | 1992 | 1340607 |
| an ethical approach to screening for human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1341475 |
| extrapulmonary tuberculosis. a review. | the increase in cases of tuberculosis that has occurred with the increasing number of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has focused attention on the problems in diagnosing and treating tuberculosis. while it is primarily considered a pulmonary disease, tuberculosis has the potential to infect almost every organ system via lymphohematogenous dissemination during the initial pulmonary infection. since 1984 the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis has increased at ... | 1992 | 1341593 |
| fibronectin in hiv-infected patients: a prospective study. | fibronectin, a non-specific opsonin involved in the clearance of microorganisms, is thought to play a role in various infectious disease processes. its diagnostic value as a biological marker of infection and/or prognosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients is questionable. we conducted a prospective study to evaluate plasma fibronectin levels in patients with hiv infection at different stages of the disease. eighty-one consecutive hiv-infected patients seen in our department were eva ... | 1992 | 1341613 |
| human foamy virus: an underestimated neuropathogen? | human foamy virus (hfv) is a recently characterized retrovirus which was originally isolated from patients with various neoplastic and degenerative diseases. however, until today it has not been possible to identify hfv as the causative agent of any disease and little is known about its prevalence in human populations. like htlv and hiv, hfv encodes the three structural retroviral genes, gag, pol and env, and an additional region containing three open reading frames, bel-1 to bel-3. bel-1 activa ... | 1992 | 1341948 |
| human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in pregnant women. | a pregnant woman experiences selective immunosuppression as a physiologic response to the presence of a genetically heterologous fetus. case reports early in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic suggested that adverse human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related clinical outcomes might be causally associated with pregnancy. a review of relevant published data indicates that: (1) adverse clinical outcomes of pregnancy are common among hiv-infected pregnant women, but no studies to ... | 1992 | 1342332 |
| [experimental study of the thermic effect on bone at 60 degrees c, as applied to bone allograft]. | bone reconstruction methods increasingly often require using bank bone. these massive bone fragments can be taken only from dead subjects or those in irreversible coma. surgical sterility of the samples does not always guarantee the absence of an hiv infection, for which seroconversion often occurs very late. b. spire's work has shown the effectiveness of a 30-minute heat treatment at 56 degrees c to inactivate hiv in blood products. our study has therefore evaluated the effectiveness of a heat ... | 1992 | 1342654 |
| koch's postulates and the etiology of aids: an historical perspective. | this paper examines the debate over the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) from an historical perspective. the changing criteria for proving the link between putative pathological agents and diseases are discussed, beginning with robert koch's research on anthrax in the late nineteenth century. various versions of 'koch's postulates' are analyzed in relation to the necessity and sufficiency arguments of logical reasoning. in addition, alt ... | 1992 | 1342726 |
| spectral effects in activation of the human immunodeficiency virus promoter by psoralens plus ultraviolet a treatment. | the effects of puva treatment on hiv promoter activation and cell killing in hiv cat/hela cells were studied using two uv sources, a uvasun sunlamp and a uvar photoactivation chamber. a 4 to 5 times higher dose of ultraviolet radiation was required from the uvasun lamp than from the uvar lamps: 1) to activate the hiv promoter in the presence of 0.1 or 1.0 microgram/ml 8-mop and 2) to reduce cell survival to a level of 10%, in the presence of 0.1 or 1.0 microgram/ml 8-mop. in addition, exposures ... | 1992 | 1343228 |
| an ethical approach to screening for human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1343823 |
| the retroviruses: classification and molecular biology. | | 1992 | 1344646 |
| studies to define viral cofactors for human immunodeficiency virus. | results from molecular biologic, cell biologic and animal experiments show that hiv replication can be driven by a variety of other viruses. if such interactions took place in vivo, then they could help to explain some of the complex pathogenesis of aids. the problems incurred in attempting to address this question in populations of humans are discussed. | 1992 | 1344663 |
| risk of hepatitis b and human immunodeficiency virus transmission to a patient from an infected surgeon due to percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure: estimates based on a model. | the objective was to estimate the probability of sporadic hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission to a patient from an infected surgeon due to percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure. risk was estimated based on a model involving three probabilities: a, the probability that the surgeon will sustain a percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure; b, the probability that the sharp object causing the injury and now contaminated with the surgeon's blo ... | 1992 | 1344665 |
| human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and cervical cancer: newly recognized associations? | there are now sufficient data to conclude that women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have an increased risk of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and preinvasive stages of cervical cancer. this association is not completely due to immunosuppression. it is likely that hpv pathogenesis is altered in hiv-infected women. preinvasive cervical neoplasia likely occurs more frequently in hiv-infected women because of several factors, including immunosuppression, viral interactions, an ... | 1992 | 1344670 |
| [infections and other opportunistic processes in a group of cuban stage-iv hiv patients]. | forty cuban patients affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), belonging to group iv, assisted during a year at the pedro kourí tropical medicine institute, are reported. pneumocystis carinii, cryptosporidiosis, mucocutaneous herpes simplex, oral candidiasis and multidermatoma herpes zoster were the most commonly found infections. other non-opportunistic diseases such as dermatitis seborrhoeica and onychomycosis were also present. | 1992 | 1344688 |
| lymphoid interstitial pneumonia not associated with hiv infection: role of epstein-barr virus. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was used to determine the presence of epstein-barr virus sequences in seven cases of pulmonary lymphoid interstitial pneumonia not associated with hiv infection. evidence of epstein-barr virus genome was found in three of six cases in which beta-globin gene, used as an internal control for the integrity and amplifiability of the tissue dna, could be detected. these results suggest that epstein-barr virus infection is not always required for the developm ... | 1992 | 1344810 |
| [syndrome of macrophagic activation with hemophagocytosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | the authors report two cases of hematophagic histiocytosis in hiv positive patients. in the first case, a patient with kaposi sarcoma and mycobacterium avium infection had a rapidly deteriorating course with progressive pancytopenia and death, as generally described in the literature. in the second case, hematophagic histiocytosis appeared during hiv primo infection and reversed spontaneously. although few cases of hemophagocytic syndrome have been reported in hiv positive patient, it could repr ... | 1992 | 1344927 |
| [chemotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection. current status and perspectives]. | the role of drugs inhibiting viral replication in patients infected with hiv has been confirmed. until now only dideoxynucleosides, which are reverse transcriptase inhibitors, have demonstrated antiviral activity in humans. a number of compounds acting on other steps of the viral cycle are currently being evaluated and clinical trials are being performed. some investigators are attempting to inhibit the binding of viral particles to target cells and their penetration into these by acting on the ... | 1992 | 1344931 |
| [aids and hiv infection among homosexual and bisexual men in belém, pará, brazil, 1988-1990]. | during three years (1988-1990) blood samples from 307 people were taken to test antibodies for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in homo and bisexual males living in belém, being 149 (48.5%) of the former and 158 (51.5%) of the later. all patients requested examinations spontaneously to find out their status. the ages of tested people ranged from 16 to 64 years old. serologic diagnosis was made using an enzyme immunoassay (abbott, são paulo-brasil) for screening and an indirect immunof ... | 1992 | 1345119 |
| [the rheumatological manifestations of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)]. | | 1992 | 1345349 |
| [prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a psychiatric population in central africa]. | in an african population of 292 women, hospitalised for psychiatric reasons, the seropositivity for hiv was clearly found higher than in the general corresponding population; this was particularly significant for first hospitalisations; furthermore, the seropositivity became twice as high in the group hospitalised several times. the hiv, known for neurotropism, seems responsible for a psychic fragility factor, favorising psychiatric breakdowns as well as their recurrences. no specific psychiatri ... | 1992 | 1345428 |
| combination therapy with zidovudine and dideoxycytidine in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. a phase i/ii study. | to evaluate the safety and immunologic and antiviral effects of combination therapy with zidovudine and dideoxycytidine (ddc) in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) infection. | 1992 | 1345755 |
| absence of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in "natural" eccrine sweat. | although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) has been found in numerous body fluids, there are no reports of attempts to demonstrate this virus in eccrine sweat, a fluid frequently encountered during person-to-person interactions. "natural" eccrine sweat samples and blood from 50 hiv-1-seropositive patients and 2 hiv-1-seronegative controls were cultured for hiv-1 by a cocultivation method. polymerase chain reaction for hiv-1 rna and proviral dna was done on 40 sweat samples (39 patients ... | 1992 | 1345794 |
| abnormalities of morning serum cortisol levels and circadian rhythms of cd4+ lymphocyte counts in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected adult patients. | | 1992 | 1345795 |
| an outbreak of tuberculosis with accelerated progression among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. an analysis using restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms. | tuberculosis typically develops from a reactivation of latent infection. clinical tuberculosis may also arise from a primary infection, and this is thought to be more likely in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). however, the relative importance of these two pathogenetic mechanisms in this population is unclear. | 1992 | 1345800 |
| hiv-1 sensitivity to zidovudine and clinical outcome in children. | in adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, long-term monotherapy with zidovudine selects for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) strains with substantially reduced in-vitro susceptibility to the drug. we have assessed the relation between in-vitro resistance to zidovudine and clinical outcome in children, in whom disease progression is more rapid than in adults. we studied 23 children with symptoms of hiv-1 disease during extended monotherapy with zidovudine. an in-vitro assa ... | 1992 | 1345951 |
| selective killing of cd4+ cells harboring a human immunodeficiency virus-inducible suicide gene prevents viral spread in an infected cell population. | we have stably expressed in cd4+ lymphoid cells the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv1-tk) gene under the control of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) promoter and transactivation response element sequences. upon hiv infection these regulatory sequences were transactivated, switching on high-level expression of hsv1-tk. this in turn caused the death of hiv-infected cells when they were cultured in the presence of acyclovir, a nucleoside analog that becomes toxic after phosph ... | 1992 | 1346066 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 can superinfect hiv-2-infected cells: pseudotype virions produced with expanded cellular host range. | in studies on viral interference, cloned t-cell lines chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 or hiv-2 were inoculated with several strains of these two aids retrovirus subtypes. hiv-2uc1-infected cells, which still express the cd4 receptor, could be superinfected with a variety of hiv-1 and hiv-2 strains. this event was accompanied by cytopathic effects in the cells and production of pseudotype virions with an expanded cellular host range. hiv-1- or hiv-2-infected cl ... | 1992 | 1346069 |
| elevation of ige in hiv-infected subjects: a marker of poor prognosis. | the ige synthesis is tightly controlled by a complex network of t and b cells. because human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease associates t cell activation and depletion, polyclonal b cell activation, atopic symptoms, drug hypersensitivity, and autoimmune activity, we have evaluated ige, as well as iga, igg, and igm, in 315 hiv-seropositive individuals with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and compared the results to those of 100 hiv-seronegative subjects. ige levels were ... | 1992 | 1346148 |
| cd4+ lymphocyte cell enumeration for prediction of clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus disease: a review. | over the last 10 years the appreciation of the full breadth of the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has gradually increased; it is now known that aids represents merely the end stage of this progressive infectious process. the surrogate marker that most closely correlates with the stage of hiv infection is the cd4+, or t helper, cell count. because this count is relied on in making important therapeutic decisions, it is of paramount importance that clinicians be cognizant ... | 1992 | 1346152 |
| activation-induced death by apoptosis in cd4+ t cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic individuals. | in immature thymocytes, t cell receptor for antigen (tcr) mobilization leads to an active t cell suicide process, apoptosis, which is involved in the selection of the t cell repertoire. we have proposed that inappropriate induction of such a cell death program in the mature cd4+ t cell population could account for both early qualitative and late quantitative cd4+ t lymphocyte defects of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals (ameisen, j.c., and a. capron. 1991. immunol. today. 4 ... | 1992 | 1346269 |
| a controlled trial of early versus late treatment with zidovudine in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. results of the veterans affairs cooperative study. | zidovudine is recommended for asymptomatic and early symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the best time to initiate zidovudine treatment remains uncertain, however, and whether early treatment improves survival has not been established. | 1992 | 1346337 |
| tuberculous meningitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | tuberculosis is a frequent complication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes of tuberculous meningitis in patients with hiv infection, and compare them with those in non-hiv-infected patients. we reviewed the records from 1985 through 1990 at two large referral hospitals in madrid for patients who had mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. | 1992 | 1346547 |
| the relation between nitrite inhalants, unprotected receptive anal intercourse, and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the role of nitrite was evaluated between 1985 and 1988 in a study of sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among homosexual male couples in boston, massachusetts. initial enrollment data suggested that a history of unprotected receptive anal intercourse (odds ratio (or) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (ci) 1.4-3.6) and a history of nitrite use (or = 1.7, 95% ci 1.1-2.5) were independent risk factors for hiv infection. in addition, interaction between nitrite use and unpro ... | 1992 | 1346559 |
| investigations into the mechanism by which sulfated polysaccharides inhibit hiv infection in vitro. | sulfated polysaccharides have been shown to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in vitro. dextrin sulfate, fucoidan, and dextran sulfate fail to neutralize virions directly, but interact with target cells to inhibit virus entry. ionic interactions of sulfated polyanions with oppositely charged cell surface components, including cd4, have been assumed to be the inhibitory mechanism. it is shown that the sulfated polysaccharides inhibit infection of both cd4+ and cd4- cell lines b ... | 1992 | 1346567 |
| dual tropism of hiv-1 iiib for chimpanzee lymphocytes and monocytes. | in humans, macrophages serve as a major reservoir of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) in the infected host and may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. in hiv-1-infected chimpanzees, however, virus could not be recovered from cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, leaving the question of macrophage tropism of hiv-1 in this species unresolved. the data reported that hiv-1 iiib shows dual tropism and is infectious for both chimpanzee monocytes and lymphocytes in vitro. viral repl ... | 1992 | 1346568 |
| a mechanism of immune escape by slow-replicating hiv strains. | strains of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) differ greatly in their ability to replicate in t4 cells. fast-replicating strains are observed during the early and late stages of hiv infection, while slow-replicating strains prevail during the intermediate, latent, stage. the prevalence of slow-replicating strains has been attributed to these strains' ability to escape the immune response. however, how these strains are able to avoid being eliminated by an immune response for several years has no ... | 1992 | 1346634 |
| natural killer (nk) cell stimulatory factor increases the cytotoxic activity of nk cells from both healthy donors and human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | natural killer cell stimulatory factor (nksf), or interleukin 12 (il-12), is a heterodimeric lymphokine produced by b cells that has multiple effects on t and nk cell functions. nksf at concentrations as low as 0.4 pm enhances the spontaneous cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) against a variety of tumor-derived target cell lines and virus-infected target cells. the combined treatment of pbl with nksf and il-2 results in a less than additive enhancement of cytotoxicity. nksf ... | 1992 | 1346797 |
| the effect of zidovudine treatment on serum neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin levels in mildly symptomatic, hiv type 1 seropositive individuals. | sixty-one subjects with mildly symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were included in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine (part of aids clinical trials group protocol 016, actg 016) to evaluate changes in the serum immune activation markers neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) as early markers of the antiviral effect of zidovudine on hiv type 1 (hiv-1) infection. the mean values of serum neopterin and beta 2m levels in 27 placebo-treated ... | 1992 | 1346807 |
| inhibition of normal b-cell function by human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein, gp120. | despite the occurrence of hypergammaglobulinemia in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, specific antibody production and in vitro b-cell differentiation responses are frequently impaired. in this study, we have examined the effects of hiv envelope glycoprotein gp120 on t-helper cell function for b cells. in the culture system used, b-cell functional responses were dependent on t-b-cell contact, since separation of t and b cells in double chambers by transwell membranes rendered the b c ... | 1992 | 1346976 |
| dehydroepiandrosterone as predictor for progression to aids in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected men. | the steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) has been reported to protect against certain viral infections in animal models and to be a modest inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in vitro. serum dhea levels were determined in 41 asymptomatic hiv-1-seropositive subjects, who progressed to aids within 5 years after entering a cohort study, in 41 hiv-1-seropositive controls, who remained asymptomatic, and in 41 hiv-1-seronegative controls. at entry, dhea levels w ... | 1992 | 1347053 |
| viral phenotype and immune response in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | nineteen individuals were studied for virologic and immunologic events during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. in 16 individuals only non-syncytium-inducing (nsi) isolates were detected; syncytium-inducing (si) isolates were obtained from 3. studies of transmitter-recipient pairs indicated that both nsi variants and si variants were transmitted and that si variants may be suppressed in the recipient. cd4+ t cells remained in the normal range in 15 of 16 individuals ... | 1992 | 1347054 |
| antibody to capsular polysaccharides of streptococcus pneumoniae after vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. | the centers for disease control recommends that, because of a greatly increased susceptibility to pneumococcal infection, all persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) receive pneumococcal vaccine. using an elisa specific for antibody to capsular polysaccharide, a postvaccination antibody was evaluated to five commonly infecting serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae. thirty-nine hiv-infected persons with less than or equal to 500 cd4 cells exhibited significantly fewer responses t ... | 1992 | 1347058 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection: clinical identification and epidemiologic trends. | to evaluate the incidence of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection (dmac) and to define the association between signs and symptoms and development of dmac in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, all cases of dmac at grady memorial hospital infectious disease clinic (atlanta) between 1985 and 1990 were reviewed, and a prospective study of the association of symptoms with dmac was done. between 1985 and 1990, dmac occurred in 16% of patients with aids. incidence ... | 1992 | 1347060 |
| hiv-1 in blood monocytes: frequency of detection of proviral dna using pcr and comparison with the total cd4 count. | in vivo infection of monocytes/macrophages by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been investigated in many studies since these cells were suggested to provide a reservoir for the virus. in this study, we wanted to find out whether hiv provirus could be detected in circulating monocytes and whether it could be compared with the provirus found in t lymphocytes (t-ly). twenty-one seropositive subjects were studied. the amplification method (pcr) was used with three different primer pairs (i ... | 1992 | 1347227 |
| t4+ cell numbers are correlated with plasma glutamate and cystine levels: association of hyperglutamataemia with immunodeficiency in diseases with different aetiologies. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seropositive individuals suffer from a depletion of t4+ t cells and have elevated plasma glutamate levels. glutamate is also elevated in cancer patients, and several authors have shown that elevated extracellular glutamate levels inhibit competitively the membrane transport of cystine and cause a decrease of intracellular cystine. we, therefore, tested the hypothesis that high glutamate and/or low cystine levels may generally be associated with low lym ... | 1992 | 1347232 |
| a preliminary trial of beta-carotene in subjects infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | beta-carotene is a nontoxic carotenoid with immunomodulating properties in animals and humans. based on our observations in normal immunocompetent subjects, we studied the effects of this compound in 11 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). each subject received 60 mg of beta-carotene daily for 4 mo. clinical and laboratory studies were obtained at baseline, every month while on treatment and for 2 mo after treatment. increases in the percent of cells expressing leu 11 ( ... | 1992 | 1347316 |
| changes in t-lymphocyte subsets in intravenous drug users with hiv-1 infection. | to evaluate changes in t-cell subsets in prevalent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seronegative and seropositive intravenous drug users (ivdus) and in hiv-1 seropositive ivdus with known time of seroconversion. | 1992 | 1347321 |
| risk of kaposi's sarcoma and sexual practices associated with faecal contact in homosexual or bisexual men with aids. | the causal agent of kaposi's sarcoma is unknown. that the disorder is ten times more common in homosexual or bisexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) than in other human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission groups suggests that a certain aspect of their behaviour exposes them to the agent or facilitates its spread. we therefore assessed social and demographic characteristics, including sexual behaviour, of 65 homosexual or bisexual men with aids from london. sexual pr ... | 1992 | 1347337 |
| relationship between dideoxyinosine exposure, cd4 counts, and p24 antigen levels in human immunodeficiency virus infection. a phase i trial. | to determine the relation between exposure to dideoxyinosine (ddl) and increased cd4 cell counts and suppression of serum p24 antigen in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1992 | 1347442 |
| spectrum of disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united states. | to describe the spectrum of disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1992 | 1347573 |
| kinetics of hiv-1 interactions with scd4 and cd4+ cells: implications for inhibition of virus infection and initial steps of virus entry into cells. | the mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) entry into cd4+ cells and hiv-1 inactivation by scd4 were studied by analyzing the kinetics of inhibition of viral infection by scd4 and the kinetics of fusion of cd4+ cells with intact virions labeled with the lipid fluorophore octadecylrhodamine (r18). scd4 inhibited hiv-1 infection much more effectively when preincubated with virus prior to interaction with cd4+ cells than when mixed simultaneously with virions and cells. the kinetics of ... | 1992 | 1347667 |
| comparison by race of total serum igg, iga, and igm with cd4+ t-cell counts in north american persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | european patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection have been reported to have lower titers of anti-p24 antibody than central african hiv seropositive patients. recently, black hiv positive patients in the united states were reported to be more likely to have detectable anti-p24 antibodies, less p24 antigenemia, and higher combined serum immunoglobulins than white hiv positive patients. we measured individual total serum immunoglobulins in 853 hiv positive patients (94% ... | 1992 | 1347787 |
| multiple isolates and characteristics of human t-cell leukemia virus type ii. | human t-cell leukemia (or lymphotropic) virus type ii (htlv-ii) was isolated from eight htlv-seropositive patients, six of whom were also infected with human immunodeficiency virus, by cocultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) with bjab, a continuous b-cell line. restriction endonuclease mapping of the proviruses demonstrated consistent differences among isolates, and two distinct physical map patterns were observed. the results suggest the existence of two closely related mole ... | 1992 | 1347796 |
| influence of carbohydrate moieties on the immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant gp160. | the role of carbohydrates in the immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) glycoproteins (gp160 and gp120) remains poorly understood. we have analyzed the specificity and neutralizing capacity of antibodies raised against native gp160 or against gp160 deglycosylated by either endo f-n glycanase, neuraminidase, or alpha-mannosidase. rabbits immunized with these immunogens produced antibodies that recognized recombinant gp160 (rgp160) from hiv-1 in a radioimmunoassay and in an ... | 1992 | 1347797 |
| t-cell receptor variable gene products and early hiv-1 infection. | to assess the hypothesis that the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) might mimic major histocompatibility complex (mhc) allodeterminants and interact with t-cell receptors (tcrs) of alloreactive t-cells, we have done a preliminary analysis of the range of alpha beta tcr gene products in 16 hiv-1-seropositive individuals with normal cd4 counts and in 16 healthy hiv-1-negative controls. using a panel of monoclonal antibodies with a two-colour direct immunofluorescence method, we found a significan ... | 1992 | 1347855 |
| the effects on survival of early treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | zidovudine has been shown to prolong survival in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and, in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection but not aids, to delay the progression to aids. however, it is still uncertain whether treatment before the development of aids prolongs survival. | 1992 | 1347907 |
| increased production of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in hiv-induced syncytia formation: an efficient infection process. | syncytia or multinucleated giant-cell formation is one of the major cytopathic effects induced by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. cell fusion results from the strong interaction of cd4 molecules on the surface of the uninfected t cells and gp120, an external envelope glycoprotein of hiv on the infected t cells. we studied the production of hiv in fusion cells between molt-4 and virus-infected molt-4/hiv cells and found that hiv production was enhanced up to three- to fivefold, whic ... | 1992 | 1347963 |
| recombinant interferon-alpha for chronic hepatitis c in patients positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. comité des anti-viraux. | to assess the response to and tolerance of recombinant interferon-alpha administration in patients with chronic hepatitis c and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, 12 patients with chronic hepatitis c and hiv infection were given interferon-alpha, 1, 3, or 5 million units thrice weekly, for 4 or 6 months. four patients had a complete response (normal serum alanine aminotransferase activity [alt]), 3 had a near-complete response (serum alt less than one-and-one-half times the upper limi ... | 1992 | 1348079 |
| outpatient management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the outpatient management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency syndrome is reviewed. patients with cd4+ cell counts of greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/l (500/mm3) require no specific intervention except vaccination against influenza, pneumococcus, and possibly hepatitis b. they should have a follow-up examination every 3 to 6 months. because of its success in preventing the progression of the disease, zidovudine (azt), 100 mg five times per day, is recommended for patients with cd4+ cell co ... | 1992 | 1348266 |
| glutathione deficiency and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1992 | 1348307 |
| epidemiology of thrombocytopenia in hiv infection. | thrombocytopenia is a known complication of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) infection, and more data need to be collected on its frequency, severity, and clinical sequelae. we determined the frequency of thrombocytopenia and its relationship to other hiv infection characteristics from a review of records of 1004 hiv-infected patients attending two outpatient clinics in washington, d.c. the self-reported sources of hiv-1 exposure were male homosexual activity (68%), bisexual activity ... | 1992 | 1348479 |
| immune serum markers and cd4 cell counts in hiv-infected intravenous drug users. | we examined the association of three serum immune markers with cd4 cell counts in a large cohort of i.v. drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. levels of beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin were significantly elevated in hiv-infected subjects and increased in association with decline in cd4 cell counts (all p less than 0.001). serum iga levels in hiv-seropositive individuals were significantly elevated only when the cd4 cell count was less than 200/microliters ( ... | 1992 | 1348535 |
| molecular determination of cell tropism of human immunodeficiency virus. | in the 10 years since aids was first identified, knowledge of the causative agent, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), has advanced remarkably. molecular biological analysis has had a greater impact on the investigation of hiv and aids than on that of any other disease. unfortunately, the vast amount of material published on this subject has still not resulted in a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of aids. undoubtedly, part of the reason for the complexity of this disease stems from th ... | 1992 | 1348647 |
| recommendations for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | in 1989, the united states public health service convened a task force of experts to consider the expanding knowledge base about prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among adults and adolescents (greater than or equal to 13 years of age) with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. this task force concluded that the morbidity, mortality, and cost due to pcp could be substantially reduced by appropriate use of antipneumocystis prophylaxis in subgroups of hiv-infected patients ... | 1992 | 1348843 |
| [lymphocytic alveolitis in the early stages of hiv infection: correlation with biological and prognostic factors]. | broncho-alveolar lavage was performed to assess the degree of pulmonary lymphocytic alveolitis in 32 asymptomatic patients who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (vih). the patients were stages ii and iii of the cdc classification and the aim of the study was to determine the frequency, nature and prognostic role of the findings. 62.5% of the subjects (20/32) presented with a lymphocytic alveolitis which consisted predominantly of cd8 lymphocyte (64.3 +/- 3.5%), in the absence o ... | 1992 | 1348863 |
| on the hiv nef gene product. 3rd forum in virology. | | 1992 | 1348866 |
| [new virological data: replication and persistence of the human immunodeficiency virus]. | human immunodeficiency virus behaves in vitro as an acutely replicating, cytopathic retrovirus. however, hiv infection in vivo is persistent and slowly progressive. many virological properties of hiv could be involved in establishing the persistence of infection: the complex regulation of hiv replication, particularly of hiv gene expression; the requirement of cell activation for several steps of hiv replication; the role of hiv accessory genes; the great genetic variability of hivs, allowing th ... | 1992 | 1348868 |