| drug injection in jugular veins: a new risk factor for vascular diseases in hiv-infected patients? a case report. | the authors describe a rare case of diffused thrombosis of the superficial veins in the whole body and periphlebitis with perivascular abscesses in an human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected drug abuser who was using neck veins to inject cocaine and heroin. in addition the patient presented oral candidiasis, hepatitis c virus infection, bronchopneumonitis, and endocarditis of the tricuspid valve with valvular failure. the conditions of the patient needed repeated vascular catheterizations fo ... | 1995 | 7486228 |
| selective transmission of hepatitis c virus in vivo and in vitro. | a human plasma containing quasi-species of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was inoculated to a chimpanzee and to human lymphocytic cell lines, hpb-ma clone 10-2, ad hpb, and daudi, which support replication of hcv. among six different hypervariable region (hvr) sequences detected in the inoculum, the same two were recovered both in vivo and in vitro. | 1995 | 7487493 |
| contribution of hev and hcv in causing fulminant non-a, non-b hepatitis in western india. | during 1990, 38 patients with fulminant non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanb) died in government medical college hospital, aurangabad. serum samples from these patients were tested for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) and igm antibodies to hepatitis e virus (igm-anti-hev). all samples were also subjected to polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of hbv dna, hcv rna and hev rna. none of the patients had circulating anti-hcv antibodies; three had hcv rna. based on anti-hev-igm positiv ... | 1995 | 7489346 |
| an rna pseudoknot is an essential structural element of the internal ribosome entry site located within the hepatitis c virus 5' noncoding region. | translation of the human hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna genome occurs by a mechanism known as "internal ribosome entry." this unusual strategy of translation is employed by naturally uncapped picornaviral genomic rnas and several cellular mrnas. a common feature of these rnas is a relatively long 5' noncoding region (ncr) that folds into a complex secondary structure harboring an internal ribosome entry site (ires). evidence derived from the use of dicistronic expression systems, combined with an e ... | 1995 | 7489514 |
| generation of a human monoclonal antibody to hepatitis c virus, jra1 by activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and hypo-osmolar electrofusion. | we have generated a human monoclonal antibody with binding specificity for hepatitis c virus (hcv)-specific peptides using peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from a hcv antibody positive patient. the b-lymphocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) for 72 hours prior to the fusion. a recently described high efficiency hypo-osmolar electrofusion technique was employed, allowing generation of a large number of human hybridomas. the hybridomas were screened for human immunoglobulin an ... | 1995 | 7492755 |
| clinical efficacy of intramuscular human interferon-beta vs interferon-alpha 2b for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c. | we have conducted a randomized study to compare the efficacy and tolerance of human interferon (ifn) beta vs recombinant ifn-alpha 2b in patients with chronic active hepatitis c. forty patients were included: 21 received ifn-alpha (group a) and 19 ifn-beta (group b). ifn was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 6 mu three times a week (tiw) for 2 months (induction phase), followed by 3 mu tiw for 4 months. clinical, epidemiological and pathological features were similar in the two groups. n ... | 1995 | 7493297 |
| self-sufficiency and blood transmitted diseases. | the council of europe and the eec council of ministers have strongly promoted self-sufficiency for plasma products on the basis of voluntary non-remunerated donors. several european countries have a programme of self-sufficiency with plasma products, either with national fractionation plants (e.g. belgium, finland) or based on contract fractionation (e.g. norway, slovenia). advantages of national self-sufficiency includes epidemiological factors, economical factors and also ethical and moral iss ... | 1995 | 7495963 |
| clinical significance of serum 2,5-oligoadenylate synthetase and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in hemophiliacs positive and negative for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | we measured serum 2,5-oligoadenylate synthetase (2,5-as) levels and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sil-2r) levels in human immune deficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-positive and hiv-1-negative hemophiliacs in order to clarify the clinical significance of these parameters in hemophiliacs. serum 2,5-as levels were measured by a radioimmunosorbent assay, and sil-2r levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the mean serum 2,5-as levels were higher in aids-related-complex and aids p ... | 1994 | 7496937 |
| antigenic structure of the complete nonstructural (ns) 2 and 5 proteins of hepatitis c virus (hcv): anti-hcv ns2 and ns5 antibody reactivities in relation to hcv serotype, presence of hcv rna, and acute hcv infection. | antigenic regions within the nonstructural (ns) 2 and 5 proteins of hepatitis c virus (hcv) were identified and characterized by the use of 127 overlapping synthetic peptides and a serum panel consisting of 167 human serum samples from persons with antibodies to hcv. initially, 20 anti-hcv-positive serum samples were used to screen the peptides covering the complete ns2 and ns5 proteins. among the 27 overlapping peptides spanning the ns2 protein of hcv, only the peptide covering residues 960 to ... | 1994 | 7496964 |
| hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers: a multiple regression analysis of risk factors. | a seroprevalence survey of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), was conducted using serum samples obtained from 5813 health care workers (hcws) in five public hospitals in the latium region of italy, during the 1985 vaccination campaign against hbv. the seroprevalences of hbv, hcv and hiv were 23.3% [95% confidence interval (ci) = 22.3-24.4%], 2% (95% ci = 1.6-2.4%) and 0.07% (95% ci = 0.001-0.13%), respectively. in a logistic regression model, ... | 1995 | 7499808 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus antibodies and specific hepatitis c virus ribonucleic acid sequences in cord bloods from a heterogeneous prenatal population. | our aim was to quantify the prevalence of at-risk pregnancies for maternal-fetal hepatitis c virus transmission in a heterogeneous prenatal population by detection of both hepatitis c virus-specific antibody and hepatitis c virus ribonucleic acid sequences in cord bloods from their deliveries. | 1995 | 7503175 |
| three-year incidence study of retroviral and viral hepatitis transmission in a peruvian prostitute population. | a peruvian female prostitute population was evaluated over a 3-year period to determine the incidence and risk factors of retroviral and viral hepatitis transmission. at three survey periods, a questionnaire was administered and serum samples were obtained. a total of 966 subjects were studied, with 34% followed for 38 months, 22% followed for 18 months, and 44% evaluated just once. on initial evaluation, 3 (0.3%) had hiv-1 antibody, 170 (17.6%) had htlv-i antibody, 578 (59.8%) had anti-hbc, and ... | 1993 | 7504724 |
| a human monoclonal antibody specific for the n terminus of the hepatitis c virus nucleocapsid protein. | pbmc from a patient with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection were immortalized with ebv and plated by limiting dilution. cultures secreting antibodies reactive in a commercial hcv ii generation elisa, which incorporates ag derived from the nucleocapsid, ns3, and ns4 regions, were repeatedly cloned in the presence of feeder cells and growth factors. of 23 initially immunoreactive cultures, only one cloned line, designated b12.f8, secreted hcv nucleoprotein-specific igg1(kappa), whereas no r ... | 1993 | 7505020 |
| hepatitis c virus seroprevalence in patients attending a sexual health centre. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in patients attending the christchurch sexual health centre. | 1994 | 7507582 |
| the effect on the safety of intravenous immunoglobulin of testing plasma for antibody to hepatitis c. | the safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (igiv), manufactured from units testing negative for antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), was investigated. | 1994 | 7508642 |
| significance of hepatocellular proliferation in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma from anti-hepatitis c virus-positive cirrhotic patients. | there is a hypothesis explaining the pathogenesis of carcinoma that increased proliferation of tissue cells correlates with the development of carcinoma, presumably by increased rate of random mutations and by promotion. in this study, the significance of hepatocellular proliferation in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) from anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv)-positive cirrhotic patients was studied. | 1994 | 7508816 |
| markers of hepatitis c virus infection in sardinian blood donors: relationship with alanine aminotransferase levels. | serum samples from 1,765 consecutive sardinian blood donors, negative for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) (anti-hiv), were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) by second-generation elisa. anti-hcv was detected in 25 (1.45%) of the 1,765 donors examined. anti-hcv was found in 15 of the 1,690 (0.9%) donors with normal alanine aminotransferase (alt) and in 10 of the 75 (13%) donors with elevated alt (p ... | 1993 | 7508972 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in populations at low and high risk for sexually transmitted diseases in rio de janeiro. | in order to investigate the sexual transmission of the hepatitis c virus (hcv), the prevalence of specific antibodies in populations at high and low risk for sexually transmitted diseases (stds) was evaluated. the population at low risk for stds was composed of persons who voluntarily donated blood at the hospital universitário clementino fraga filho (hucff) between july and november, 1990 (n = 2494). the population at high risk for stds was drawn from an ongoing study on the natural history of ... | 1993 | 7509022 |
| serum antibodies to viral pathogens and toxoplasma gondii in hiv-infected individuals. | sera from 38 hiv-infected individuals were examined longitudinally for antibodies to viruses that may increase morbidity in hiv infection, as well as commensal viruses and toxoplasma gondii. htlv infection was seen in norway for the first time as four patients had antibodies to htlv-ii and one had antibodies to htlv-i. antibodies to hepatitis b virus (hbv) were found in 47.2%, while 21.6% of the patients had antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv). there was no evidence of acquisition of hbv or hv ... | 1993 | 7509159 |
| hepatitis b outbreak in a drug trials unit: investigation and recommendations. | in autumn 1990 three young men developed acute hepatitis b. they belonged to a group of 24 young male volunteers who had taken part in a trial in a residential unit for drug trials in july and august 1990. a further case of acute hepatitis b and a carrier of hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) were detected by serological testing of the volunteers. volunteers, in two groups of twelve, had occupied the unit at different times during the trial. the four cases occurred in the group that contained the hbe ... | 1994 | 7509238 |
| hepatitis c virus infection among sexually promiscuous groups and the heterosexual partners of hepatitis c virus infected index cases. | to define the role of sexual transmission in the spread of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, a seroprevalence study of antibodies against hcv was performed in populations at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases. subjects included 310 female prostitutes, 88 clients of prostitutes, 168 homosexual men and 147 stable heterosexual partners of index cases reactive for anti-hcv (98 of whom were partners of drug addicts coinfected with hcv and human immunodeficiency virus [hiv]). all subjects de ... | 1993 | 7509282 |
| [anti-hcv in patients without risk factors for hepatitis c. prospective study in 200 patients]. | using a second generation enzyme immunoassay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv), we investigated the frequency of antibodies anti-hcv and the alanine aminotransferase (alt) plasma levels of 200 patients without history of viral hepatitis, liver diseases, blood transfusions, intravenous drugs abuse, homosexuality, hemodialysis, infection by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), nor workers of health services. there plasma samples (1.5%), ... | 1993 | 7509301 |
| induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha production by human hepatocytes in chronic viral hepatitis. | tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is a multifunctional cytokine that has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, cachexia, and septic shock. although tnf-alpha is mainly produced by macrophages, there is evidence regarding tnf-alpha production by cells that are not derived from bone marrow. tnf-alpha production by normal and inflamed human liver was assessed at both mrna and protein levels. using a wide panel of novel anti-tnf-alpha monoclonal antibodies and a specific polyc ... | 1994 | 7509363 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis b and c in a merseyside hospital for the mentally handicapped. | this study reports the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis b virus (hbv) and c virus (hcv), and the frequency of potential exposure to these viruses among patients and staff in six long-stay wards of a hospital caring for mentally handicapped adults from the mersey region. a retrospective survey of risk behaviour among 134 patients and questionnaire survey of 75 nursing staff was performed. serum samples from both groups were tested for hbv markers and patient sera for antibodies to hcv by enz ... | 1994 | 7509754 |
| chronic hepatitis in haemophilia. | chronic hepatitis affects almost all haemophiliacs treated with non-virally inactivated clotting factor concentrates. the virus responsible is hepatitis c (hcv) and most patients have non-neutralising antibodies with circulating virus. although the majority also have evidence of past infection with hepatitis b, less than 5% are chronic carriers of hbsag. chronic hepatitis c can be associated with severe and progressive liver disease but the development of complications is slow. treatment with re ... | 1993 | 7510563 |
| amplification of the c-myc gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma: biologic significance. | to elucidate the prevalence and biologic significance of the c-myc gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), dna samples were taken from the paired tumorous and nontumorous tissues of 77 cases of resected primary hcc and were analyzed by southern blot hybridization. we demonstrated modest, but significant c-myc amplification (group a) in 28 (36.4%) of the cases: 1.6- to 2.0-fold in 18, 2.1- to 3.0-fold in four, and > 3.0-fold in six. compared to hcc without c-myc amplification (group b), gro ... | 1993 | 7511953 |
| an epitope in hepatitis c virus core region recognized by cytotoxic t cells in mice and humans. | several cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes have been defined in hepatitis c virus (hcv) proteins. ctl may play an important role in the control of infection by hcv. here, we identify a highly conserved antigenic site in the hcv core recognized by both murine and human ctl. spleen cells from mice immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the hcv core gene were restimulated in vitro with 11 peptides from the core protein. ctl from h-2d mice responded to a single 16-residue syntheti ... | 1994 | 7512163 |
| [hepatitis c in hemophiliac patients in maracaibo, venezuela]. | infection with the hepatitis c virus is one of the risks of transfusion therapy. considering that in venezuela, there are not enough data that permit one to establish the frequency of hepatitis c in transfused patients, the purpose of this work was to investigate the presence of anti hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies in 56 hemophilic patients from zulia state, venezuela. thirty six (64%) had received fresh frozen plasma and/or cryoprecipitate. another fourteen (25%) also received lyophilized f ... | 1993 | 7512388 |
| the incidence of vertical transmission of hepatitis c virus. | this study was undertaken to clarify the incidence of the vertical transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv). during the third trimester, 2015 pregnant women were examined as to anti-hcv antibodies. anti-hcv antibody seropositive women were examined for hcv-rna in peripheral blood at labor and in breast milk. their offspring were also examined for hcv-rna in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood one week after birth and during subsequent outpatient visits. the following results were obtained: ... | 1993 | 7512756 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus rna in hemodialysis patients. | the clinical significance of the high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in dialysis patients remains undefined. in order to assess the relationship between seropositivity and potential infectivity, 63 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were evaluated between april and may 1990. the mean duration of maintenance hemodialysis was 45 mo (range, 13 to 144). eighty-two percent (52 of 63) had received blood transfusions, and 16% (10 of 63) had a history of iv drug abuse. ser ... | 1994 | 7512832 |
| safety of the blood supply. surrogate testing and transmission of hepatitis c in patients after massive transfusion. | to define a risk profile for post-transfusion hepatitis c in patients receiving massive transfusion. | 1994 | 7514394 |
| isolation and epitope characterization of human monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis c virus core antigen. | in this study we describe the establishment of two hybridoma cell lines secreting human monoclonal antibodies to the 22-kd nucleocapsid protein (core, p22) of the hepatitis c virus (hcv). for this purpose we isolated b lymphocytes from an anti-hcv positive blood donor and infected them with epstein-barr (ebv). we obtained several lymphoblastoid cell clones secreting antibodies to the recombinant hcv core protein. the b-cell cultures were oligoclonally expanded and two of them were fused with the ... | 1994 | 7515376 |
| optimization for the detection of hepatitis c virus antigens in the liver. | to optimize the detection of hepatitis c viral antigens in liver tissue, cryostat and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver sections from 21 patients with chronic hepatic c viral infection were studied. for cryostat sections, six different fixatives were compared. sixteen primary antibodies were tested: nine different mouse monoclonal anti-hepatitis c virus-core antibodies, a human monoclonal anti-hepatitis c virus-non-structural 4, and six rabbit polyclonals directed against synthetic peptide ... | 1994 | 7515407 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus antigen by immuno-histochemical staining: a histological marker of hepatitis c virus infection. | hepatitis c virus has been recognized as a major cause of non-a, non-b viral hepatitis. although serologic tests have been commercialized, no specific histological or immuno-histochemical markers for hepatitis c virus infection are available for routine use. in an effort to detect hepatitis c virus antigen in liver tissue we investigated the immuno-reactivity to monoclonal antibodies on frozen liver tissue from a chimpanzee and patients with chronic non a, non b hepatitis. monoclonal antibodies ... | 1994 | 7516360 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c antibodies in clinical health-care workers. | health-care workers are known to be at risk from occupational transmission of blood-borne viruses, including hepatitis c. there may be serious implications following infection with hepatitis c including possible transmission to patients. we determined the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies among health-care workers at risk of occupational contact with blood and body fluids and among source patients in reported blood-exposure incidents. anonymised stored blood samples from health-ca ... | 1994 | 7516460 |
| high rate of nonspecific anti-hepatitis c reactivity amongst homosexual men in comparison with that found in other sexually active groups and blood donors. viral hepatitis and aids study group. | to investigate the concordance of anti-hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) reactivity by a second-generation enzyme immunoassay (eia-2) and by a four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (4-riba) in homosexual men, in comparison with that found in other sexually active groups and blood donors. | 1994 | 7517430 |
| hepatitis c virus (hcv) viremia in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative and -seropositive patients with indeterminate hcv recombinant immunoblot assay. | positivity of recombinant immunoblot assay (riba) for detection of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) is usually associated with hcv viremia. the significance of an indeterminate riba result, defined by reactivity to only one hcv antigen, is unclear. whether anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative or -positive subjects with an indeterminate riba have hcv viremia detectable by polymerase chain reaction was investigated. an indeterminate riba was found in 48 (15%) of 318 anti-hiv- ... | 1994 | 7518489 |
| significance of the immune response to a major, conformational b-cell epitope on the hepatitis c virus ns3 region defined by a human monoclonal antibody. | the nonstructural protein ns3 of hepatitis c virus (hcv) possesses two enzymatic domains which are thought to be essential for the virus life cycle: an n-terminal serine-type proteinase, responsible for the processing of nonstructural polypeptides, and a c-terminal nucleoside triphosphatase/helicase, presumably involved in the unwinding of the viral genome. the human antibody response to ns3 usually appears early in the course of hcv infection and is predominantly directed against the carboxyl-t ... | 1994 | 7518528 |
| processing in the hepatitis c virus e2-ns2 region: identification of p7 and two distinct e2-specific products with different c termini. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) h strain polyprotein is cleaved to produce at least nine distinct products: nh2-c-e1-e2-ns2-ns3-ns4a-ns4b-ns5a-ns5b-co oh. in this report, a series of c-terminal truncations and fusion with a human c-myc epitope tag allowed identification of a tenth hcv-encoded cleavage product, p7, which is located between the e2 and ns2 proteins. as determined by n-terminal sequence analysis, p7 begins with position 747 of the hcv h strain polyprotein. p7 is preceded by a hydrophobi ... | 1994 | 7518529 |
| detection of the putative e2 protein of hepatitis c virus in human liver. | the question was asked whether a predicted envelope protein, considered to be processed from the polyprotein precursor encoded by the putative e2/ns1 region of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome, may be observed in hcv-infected humans. two polyclonal antibodies against recombinant e2/ns1 proteins were prepared and their reactivity tested against liver extracts from hcv-infected patients by immunoblotting analysis. a band corresponding to a size of 44 kda was detected in liver extracts from patie ... | 1994 | 7519251 |
| locations of antibody binding sites within conserved regions of the hepatitis c virus core protein. | the binding sites for human antibodies recognising antigenic domains within the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein were analyzed using synthetic peptides. omission peptide analogues where a pair of residues was sequentially omitted were produced corresponding to the regions 1-18, 11-28, 21-38, 51-68, and 101-118. the n-terminal part of hcv core was found to contain three distinct antibody binding sites, which includes the previously reported one at residues 9-16. the other two were located at ... | 1994 | 7521899 |
| highly sensitive detection of viral rna genomes in blood specimens by an optimized reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | a protocol was developed for a highly sensitive detection of viral rna in blood specimens by reverse transcription coupled with a nested polymerase chain reaction. using japanese encephalitis virus (jev) as a model, the optimized reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ortpcr) detects as few as 3-5 virions in 0.1 ml of whole blood specimens. the effectiveness of this assay system is confirmed by diagnosis of human hepatitis c viral (hcv) infection. | 1994 | 7521902 |
| electron microscopic and immunochemical studies in a patient with hepatitis c virus infection and mixed cryoglobulinemia type ii. | the authors describe patient with hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and mixed cryoglobulinemia type ii in whom multiorgan failure was associated with deposits of typical, electron-microscopically visualized paracrystalline tubules in the organs studied. the patient's plasma cryoprecipitate was comprised of monoclonal igm rheumatoid factor, polyclonal igg, hcv rna, and complement component c3. of the polyclonal igg, almost half was anti-hcv. the molar ratio between igg and igm was approximately 1 ... | 1994 | 7521986 |
| [post-transfusional hepatitis due to hepatitis virus c]. | cloned even before observed, c virus hepatitis seems to live out its natural life backwards. the c virus has begun to confide a part of its secrets to molecular biology. today's scientific data demonstrate that, for the most part, occurrences of post-transfusional hepatitis (pth), which are neither a nor b, are the c virus. in order to lower the risk of blood transmission of the c virus, a systematic screening of hcv antibodies has been mandatory in belgium since 1 july 1991. epidemiological dat ... | 1993 | 7522079 |
| epidemiologic predictors of hepatitis c virus infection in pregnant women. | to identify sensitive epidemiologic predictors of a positive hepatitis c virus antibody test in asymptomatic persons, and to compare the cost of testing only persons with an epidemiologic predictor to that of universal screening. | 1994 | 7522312 |
| a nested case-control study on association between hepatitis c virus antibodies and primary liver cancer in a cohort of 9,775 men in taiwan. | most studies on the association between antibodies against hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) and primary liver cancer (plc) were limited to case-series, or cross-sectional case-control studies leaving a controversy on causal temporality. a nested case-control study on 38 newly-developed plc patients and 152 matched controls selected from a cohort of 9,775 men in taiwan recruited from september, 1984, to february, 1986, was carried out to examine the relation between hcv infection and plc. case-contro ... | 1994 | 7523582 |
| a seroepidemiological study of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in an area with a high prevalence of chronic liver disease in the kyushu district of japan. | the incidence of hepatitis virus type c (hcv) in an area, futase, of iizuka city in chikuho province in the northeastern part of fukuoka prefecture in kyushu, japan, was estimated by screening sera for anti-hcv antibodies. titers of anti human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) antibodies and hepatitis virus type b surface antigens (hbs) were also determined. the area of the present study is known to have a particularly high prevalence of chronic liver diseases, because coal mining was the key ... | 1994 | 7523761 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis and hiv infection among rural pregnant women in cameroon. | since some hepatitis viruses and the human immunodeficiency viruses share common modes of transmission, such as the sexual route, we undertook to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to these and other pathogens among 384 rural pregnant women. our study was intended to form the basis of infection management policies in pregnancy. antibodies and other markers of the hepatitis a, b, c, and d viruses (hav, hbv, hcv, hdv), the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and treponema pallidum we ... | 1994 | 7524547 |
| natural interferon-alpha versus its combination with 6-methyl-prednisolone in the therapy of type ii mixed cryoglobulinemia: a long-term, randomized, controlled study. | type ii mixed cryoglobulinemia (mc) is an often progressive vasculitis characterized by circulating cold-precipitable proteins that usually consists of polyclonal igg and monoclonal igm kappa with rheumatoid factor (rf) activity. its etiology is unknown, although recent evidence strongly suggests that hepatitis c virus (hcv) plays a major role. plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs have been used in the therapy of mc patients. recently, favorable results with recombinant interfero ... | 1994 | 7524736 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in human immunoglobulins: clinical meaning and diagnostic difficulties in children undergoing bone marrow transplant. | anti-hcv antibodies were detected in 11 children undergoing bmt. all of them had received intravenous immunoglobulins (ig) at a dose of 500 mg/kg every 2 weeks for the first 100 days post-bmt. antibody titers appeared after the first dose and became undetectable between 1 and 6 months after the last dose of ig. detection of anti-hcv antibodies in these multitransfused patients raised doubts about their clinical significance. the clearance of antibody titers in the ensuing months, negativity of h ... | 1994 | 7524908 |
| [interferon or c virus-induced autoimmune chronic hepatitis? report of personal observations and review of the literature]. | chronic persistent hepatitis c in a 35 year-old man treated for nine months with interferon, converted into autoimmune chronic hepatitis. prior to this conversion, the laboratory cell-integrity parameters of c hepatitis had permanently returned to normal, and hcv rna had become negative. prior to the initiation of treatment with interferon, no autoimmune antibodies had been present. on the basis of reports in the literature, the possible pathogenesis of this conversion is discussed, with two maj ... | 1994 | 7525430 |
| antibodies to hepatitis e virus among chinese patients with acute hepatitis in taiwan. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) was investigated in patients with acute hepatitis, and correlated with the clinical features. sera from 110 patients with acute hepatitis and 60 healthy controls were tested for anti-hev, antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). there were significant differences in the prevalence of anti-hev, anti-hcv, and hbsag between patients and controls (21.8% vs. 0%, 16.3% vs. 1.6% and 58.1% vs. 18.0%, r ... | 1994 | 7525864 |
| characterization of antigenic determinants in the core antigen of the hepatitis c virus. | antibodies to the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein are present in the majority of patients with chronic hcv infection. to characterize the corresponding determinants, synthetic peptides and various deletion clones of the core gene expressed in escherichia coli were used to test human anti-core positive sera or rabbit anti-peptide antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblots, and competition assays. two distinct linear antigenic determinants which are located within aa 1 to 2 ... | 1994 | 7526540 |
| antigenic structure of the hepatitis c virus envelope 2 protein. | the antigenic structure of the envelope 2 (e2) protein of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) was characterized by the use of 70 synthetic peptides and 131 human sera from persons with antibodies to hcv. among 34 overlapping peptides spanning the e2 protein of hcv, two major antigenic regions were located to residues 484-499 and residues 554-569. the sequence of the two major antigenic regions of the e2 protein are partly well conserved within the described types of hcv. both regions contain two cys res ... | 1994 | 7527739 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and human immunodeficiency virus infection among women attending prenatal clinics in san juan, puerto rico, from 1989-1990. | to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among pregnant women in puerto rico. | 1995 | 7528370 |
| characterization of hcv structural proteins expressed in various animal cells. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a main causative agent for transfusion-associated and sporadic cases of non-a, non-b hepatitis throughout the world. hcv has a positive-strand rna of about 9,400 nucleotides as its genome, whose organization is similar to those of animal pestiviruses or human flaviviruses. in spite of the lack of an effective replication system in tissue culture cells, genes coding for viral proteins of hcv have been identified. the putative nucleocapsid (p22) and envelope (gp35 and gp ... | 1994 | 7529219 |
| uses of flow cytometry in virology. | this article reviews some of the published applications of flow cytometry for in vitro and in vivo detection and enumeration of virus-infected cells. sample preparation, fixation, and permeabilization techniques for a number of virus-cell systems are evaluated. the use of flow cytometry for multiparameter analysis of virus-cell interactions for simian virus 40, herpes simplex viruses, human cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus and its use for determining the effect of antiviral comp ... | 1994 | 7530594 |
| t cell recognition of hepatitis b and c viral antigens. | the outcome of hepatitis b and c heavily depends on the appropriate virus specific t cell response. both cd8+ and cd4+ t lymphocytes do not recognize native viral proteins but processed peptides bound to mhc class i and class ii, respectively. for therapeutical intervention aimed at t lymphocytes in chronic carriers as well as for the development of new vaccines, a precise identification of immunodominant epitopes, which can be recognized by a majority of patients, is necessary. biological featu ... | 1994 | 7531642 |
| [mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis c virus]. | anti-hcv antibody was examined in 4,801 pregnant women by using the first or second generation radioimmunoassay systems. antibody positive patients were further tested for hcv-rna by rt-semi nested polymerase chain reaction. anti-hcv antibody was found to be positive in 59 women (1.23%) and hcv-rna in 25 women (0.52%). fourteen newborn babies born to anti-hcv antibody positive mothers were all positive for anti-hcv antibody but negative for hcv-rna at delivery. hcv-rna was detected in 3 of 13 ch ... | 1994 | 7531741 |
| hepatitis c virus infection among chronic dialysis patients in the south of france: a collaborative study. | during the last quarter of 1992, 984 patients from 13 dialysis centers in the provence-alpes-côte-d'azur region in france participated in a multicenter cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence, the risk factors, and the clinical consequences of infection by the hepatitis c virus (hcv). serum samples were tested for anti-hcv antibodies using second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in the case of a positive result, a combination test was performed using second-generat ... | 1995 | 7532916 |
| hepatitis c virus core protein: synthesis, affinity purification and immunoreactivity with infected human sera. | the genomic region encoding the core (c) protein (amino acids 1-162) of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was expressed in escherichia coli as a recombinant (re-) protein with the maltose-binding protein (mbp) using the prokaryotic expression vector pmal-cr1. the fusion protein (c::mbp) was identified as a approx. 62-kda polypeptide by immunoblot analysis using antiserum to mbp and hcv-infected human sera. the size of c::mbp corresponded to the calculated combined molecular mass of the approx. 20-kda hcv ... | 1995 | 7533115 |
| hepatocellular codistribution of c100, c33, c22, and ns5 hepatitis c virus antigens detected by using immunopurified polyclonal spontaneous human antibodies. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) antigens in liver biopsy have been detected by immunohistochemistry using both spontaneous human igg and murine monoclonal or rabbit polyclonal monospecific reagents. conflicting results have been obtained in different studies. this was probably because of the incapacity of single experimental antibodies, raised against synthetic or recombinant peptides, to recognize native tissue antigens. to overcome this possibility, we immunopurified monospecific spontaneous polyclona ... | 1995 | 7533125 |
| ctl responses of hla-a2.1-transgenic mice specific for hepatitis c viral peptides predict epitopes for ctl of humans carrying hla-a2.1. | vaccine development in animal models depends on ability to recognize epitopes seen by human t cells. in this work, we show that ctl responses in transgenic mice expressing human hla-a2.1 prospectively predict the same four of 11 hepatitis c virus (hcv) structural protein-derived peptides, expressing a sequence motif for hla-a2.1 binding, that are actually recognized by human a2.1-restricted ctls. the ctls also recognized targets endogenously expressing these proteins. human ctls from hcv-infecte ... | 1995 | 7533182 |
| in situ polymerase chain reaction: general methodology and recent advances. | in situ pcr is a new molecular technique, that combines the extreme sensitivity of pcr with the cellular localization provided by in situ hybridization (ish), through the amplification of specific gene sequences within intact cells or tissue sections and increasing copy numbers to levels detectable by ish or immunohistochemistry. in addition to the detection of viral dna (cmv, hbv, hiv), we have used this technique for the study of dna rearrangements, chromosomal translocations (t14;18) and vira ... | 1994 | 7533976 |
| sexual transmission of hepatitis c virus among patients attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics in baltimore--an analysis of 309 sex partnerships. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), the behavioral and laboratory-derived risk factors for anti-hcv, and the quantity and homology of hcv rna were assessed among 1039 non-injection drug-using sexually transmitted disease (std) patients representing 309 sex partnerships. thirty-seven (7%) of 555 males and 19 (4%) of 484 females had anti-hcv. in logistic regression analyses, factors associated with anti-hcv included age (p < .001), greater numbers of lifetime sex partners ... | 1995 | 7535827 |
| evaluation of a multiple peptide assay for typing of antibodies to the hepatitis c virus: relation to genomic typing by the polymerase chain reaction. | a panel of 16 type-specific synthetic peptides corresponding to variable antigenic regions within the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core, nonstructural 4 (ns4), and ns5 proteins was synthesised. the peptide panel was used to develop an enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of antibodies directed to hcv type 1 (genotypes i/1a and ii/1b), type 2 (genotypes iii/2a and iv/2b), and type 3 (genotype v/3). the peptides corresponded to residues 68-81 of the hcv core (types 1, 2, and 3), residues 1692-170 ... | 1995 | 7536231 |
| is the detection of anti-hepatitis c virus core igm influenced by the presence of serum rheumatoid factor? | rheumatoid factor (rf) induces false-positive results in the detection of serum antibodies, especially of the igm type. about 70% of the patients with chronic hepatitis c have abnormal levels of serum rf. the aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of serum rf could influence the detection of anti-hcv core igm, using an assay designed not to pick up rfs by the addition of goat antibodies directed against human igg in the sample diluent. serum anti-hcv core igm antibodies and rf w ... | 1995 | 7536232 |
| [medical treatment of chronic viral hepatitis]. | alpha-interferon and vidarabine monophosphate are currently available for the treatment of chronic active hepatitis b. treatment is indicated in patients with high transaminase levels, evidence of replicating virus and histological inflammation. interferon or vidarabine suppress viral replication and normalize transaminase activity in 30 to 40% of the patients. the main predictive factors of response to therapy are a high transaminase level, a low replication level, and the absence of immunodepr ... | 1995 | 7536954 |
| hepatitis b, c, and d virus infections in patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparative study in niger. | eighty-nine sahelian african patients with chronic active hepatitis (cah) (14), cirrhosis (49), hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) (26), and 47 controls were tested for hepatitis b virus (hbv, hepatitis b surface antigen [hbsag]) and hepatitis d virus (hdv, anti-hdv antibody). seventy-three percent of the patients were positive for hbsag versus 29.8% of the controls (p < 0.0001). with anti-hdv test, 55.0% of the patients were positive versus 17.0% of the controls (p < 0.0001). to assess the prevalen ... | 1995 | 7537942 |
| antibodies in human sera specific to hypervariable region 1 of hepatitis c virus can block viral attachment. | it has been postulated that antibodies specific to the hypervariable region 1 (hvr1) within the putative envelop protein e2 of hepatitis c virus (hcv) can neutralize virus. we studied such antibodies in sera of patients who were infected in a single-source outbreak by a contaminated anti-d immunoglobulin preparation (hcv-ad78). the nucleotide sequences of cdnas encoding hvr1 of hcv-ad78 were determined. the four major variants (hvr1.a, b, c, and d) were expressed as fusion proteins in escherichi ... | 1995 | 7538251 |
| multiple false reactions in viral antibody screening assays after influenza vaccination. | in december 1991, us blood centers reported an unusual increase in donations that tested falsely reactive for antibodies to two or more (multiple false positive) of the following viruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), human t-cell lymphotrophic virus type i (htlv-i), and hepatitis c virus. many of these donations were from people who had recently received the 1991-1992 influenza vaccine, raising the possibility that this vaccine had somehow specifically caused the problem of multi ... | 1995 | 7539579 |
| [hepatitis-c virus antibody conversion in 3 hemodialysis patients in various dialysis departments]. | in three haemodialysis patients, two women of 72 and 35 years and a man of 65 years, who were dialysed in three different dialysis departments, recent seroconversion of hepatitis c was observed. the source of the infection and the transmission route remained unknown. | 1995 | 7540730 |
| a molecular sensor system based on genetically engineered alkaline phosphatase. | binding and signaling proteins based on escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (ap; ec 3.1.3.1) were designed for the detection of antibodies. hybrid proteins were constructed by using wild-type ap and point mutants of ap [asp-101 --> ser (d101s) and asp-153 --> gly (d153g)]. the binding function of the hybrid proteins is provided by a peptide epitope inserted between amino acids 407 and 408 in ap. binding of anti-epitope antibodies to the hybrid proteins modulates the enzyme activity of the hybr ... | 1995 | 7541135 |
| [heterogeneity of antimicrosomal autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis c virus infection and delta hepatitis]. | microsomal antigen autoantibodies are typical of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis, and a strong association with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection has been reported in certain geographical areas. these autoantibodies have been denominated lkm-1 to differentiate them from those associated with thienylic acid-induced hepatitis (lkm-2) and from those seen in patients with chronic delta hepatitis (lkm-3). to investigate the antigenic specificity of autoantibodies associated with chronic hepatitis ... | 1995 | 7542466 |
| serological diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis. | chronic viral hepatitis must be distinguished from other chronic liver disorders. the clinical picture associated with typical biochemical findings provides no definite information about the causative agent. an important factor, both for the patient and for the individuals in contact with him, is the evaluation of his infectivity. from 172 chronic hepatitis disorders the serological diagnosis confirmed the viral etiology in 120 patients (69.7%). hbsag was present in 33.7% (with hbeag in 5%), ant ... | 1994 | 7542468 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis c virus infection amongst intravenous drug users in rural communities. | the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection amongst a group of intravenous drug users (ivdus) resident in west suffolk (east anglia, england) was investigated and compared with the prevalence of infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in addition, both the level of hcv persistence, as defined by detection of viral rna, and the hcv genotypes present in this population were determined. it was found that hcv antibodies were present in 59% of those test ... | 1995 | 7542693 |
| human monoclonal antibodies for the immunological characterization of a highly conserved protein domain of the hepatitis c virus glycoprotein e1. | although both envelope glycoproteins of the hepatitis c virus, e1 and e2/ns1, show a high degree of sequence variation, the e1 protein includes a well conserved domain, which may be functionally important. we have analysed the human b cell response to a peptide fragment from amino acid residues 314-330 (ep3) covering the central conserved sequence of this domain. anti-hepatitis c virus-positive blood donors were screened for anti-ep3 antibodies with an elisa based on immobilized peptide. thirty ... | 1995 | 7544250 |
| a helper t-cell antigen enhances generation of hepatitis c virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes in vitro. | a t-cell helper for generation of hepatitis c virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes was studied in three patients with chronic hepatitis c. in all three, human leukocyte antigen b44-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes recognizing an epitope in hepatitis c virus nucleocapsid protein residues 81-100 were generated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes by repeated stimulation with a synthetic hepatitis c virus nucleocapsid peptide. the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to hepat ... | 1995 | 7545209 |
| treatment of chronic hepatitis c with cirrhosis with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus recombinant interferon-alpha. | interferon therapy in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis c virus infection is not efficient. in an attempt to improve the response rate, a pilot study using recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhg-csf) alone, and in combination with recombinant interferon-alpha (rifn), was carried out. fifteen cirrhotic patients with hepatitis c virus infection were randomly allocated into 3 groups to receive treatment: 0.5, 1, or 1.5 micrograms/kg of rhg-csf daily for 4 weeks, followed by a ... | 1995 | 7545214 |
| relation between markers for viral hepatitis and clinical features of japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: possible role of alcohol in promoting carcinogenesis. | to assess the relationship between hepatitis virus markers and the clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), we measured markers for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in 88 japanese patients with hcc. twelve (14%) patients were hbsag-positive and 67 (76%) were anti-hcv-positive (both c100-3 and c11/c7). hcv-rna was detected in 8 (38%) of the 21 anti-hcv-negative patients by pcr, so that 75 patients (85%) were infected with hcv. of the hbsag-negative patients infected ... | 1995 | 7545640 |
| clinical and histopathologic analysis of the relationship between lichen planus and chronic hepatitis c. | a prospective clinical investigation of 45 patients with lichen planus (lp) demonstrated a significant association between lp and chronic hepatitis c. anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies were found in 17 (37.8%) of the 45 lp patients. this was significantly higher than in the controls. this higher prevalence of anti-hcv antibodies was found equally in both male and female patients in the three types of lp; cutaneous only type, mucous only type, and both cutaneous and mucous type. most of the ... | 1995 | 7545708 |
| hepatitis c virus infection and genotypes in japanese hemophiliacs. | liver function and antibodies to hepatitis c virus and to human immunodeficiency virus-1 were examined in 195 japanese patients with hemophilia. one hundred and seventy-three were positive for antibody to hcv and 61 for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus-1. in 63 patients, we examined hcv genotypes according to the double polymerase chain reaction method. forty cases (63%) were infected with hepatitis c virus with a single genotype, including type 1a in five, type 1b in 21, type 2a in seve ... | 1995 | 7545774 |
| liver transplantation for viral hepatitis: the experience of the hepatobiliary center at hospital paul brousse. | the prevalence of hbv recurrence after liver transplantation is higher in patients with viral b cirrhosis than in patients with viral b-d cirrhosis or fulminant hepatitis b and is related to the presence of hbv replication prior to transplantation. long-term passive anti-hbs immunoprophylaxis is the best current way for prevention of hbv reinfection and improved long-term survival. the rate of recurrence of hcv infection is high, reaching 85%, and the rate of hcv hepatitis in the graft is approx ... | 1994 | 7547534 |
| primary osteosarcoma arising from cirrhotic liver. | an autopsy case of a 67 year old man with primary osteosarcoma arising in cirrhotic liver is reported. his son had von recklinghausen disease and he had had a history of hepatitis c virus infection for 10 years. a large tumor, about 10 cm in diameter, was found in the right liver lobe. this tumor showed marked central necrosis and hemorrhage, and histologically diffuse sarcomatous cell proliferation associated with extensive osteoid formation and calcification of the periphery. examination of th ... | 1995 | 7551004 |
| virological characteristics of hepatitis c virus infection in chronic hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study. | detection of hepatitis c virus viremia (hcv rna) in serum of hemodialysis (hd) patients is crucial for documenting ongoing infection because the clinical and epidemiological importance of anti-hcv positivity is not clear. hcv viremia was studied in 104 hd patients by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt pcr) using primers localized in the 5' non-coding region of the viral genome. we used two different methods to detect hcv rna: a direct pcr amplification of hcv rna from human seru ... | 1995 | 7554533 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis b, c, and e markers in young sexually active adults from the central african republic. | the central african republic is located in tropical africa, where both the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) are highly endemic. the exact prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) markers in this country is unknown. the aim of the study was to determine, according to hiv and hbv serostatus, the prevalence of these markers in young sexually active adults in the central african republic. one hundred and fifty-seven consecutive patients attendin ... | 1995 | 7561802 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type-i, and hepatitis a, b and c viruses in nepal: a serological survey. | in 1987, 676 blood samples were collected from inhabitants of the bhadrakali and kotyang villages in nepal. the samples were tested for the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc), second-generation antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) and antibody to human t-lymphotropic virus type-i (anti-htlv-i). anti-hav was present in 99.3% of the people surveyed. the prevalence of anti-hav reached 100% ... | 1995 | 7563265 |
| infection with hepatitis viruses (b and c) and human retroviruses (htlv-1 and hiv) in saudi children receiving cycled cancer chemotherapy. | serological markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1), and human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) were studied in 53 saudi children (31 males, 22 females; 1-12 years of age) receiving cycled cancer chemotherapy and in 168 healthy saudi children taken as control. exposure to hbv in the patients was similar to that in the control (6 per cent hbsag in patients v. 7 per cent in the control; 19 per cent exposure rate in pati ... | 1995 | 7563271 |
| infectious disease testing for blood transfusions. nih consensus development panel on infectious disease testing for blood transfusions. | to provide physicians and other transfusion medicine professionals with a current consensus on infectious disease testing for blood transfusions. | 1995 | 7563563 |
| [searching for hepatitis c virus by immunoelectron microscopy and its morphology]. | many investigators have searched for the causative agent(s) of blood-borne non-a, non-b hepatitis in sera and liver from patients and experimental animals, and have reported various virus-like particles, morphologically resembling parvovirus, togavirus, picornavirus, hepadnavirus, paramyxovirus, papovavirus, retrovirus or bunyavirus. despite extensive effort, none of these virus-like particles has been confirmed universally as an etiologic virus because of the absence of immunological identifica ... | 1995 | 7563652 |
| [occupational accidents and incidence of hiv infection and hepatitis b and c at a mexican institution]. | the risk of developing parenterally transmitted infections in health-care personnel has become a challenge because of high costs, laboral incapacity and mortality, and social stigmatization. | 1995 | 7569361 |
| liver pathology in rural south-west cameroon. | in a prospective study, 102 hospital patients with liver disease were evaluated in west cameroon, africa. blood donors, pregnant women and patients without liver disease served as controls. a total of 757 individuals were tested for markers of hepatitis a, b, c and d and for immunological markers (autoantibodies, procollagen iii, alpha-foetoprotein, ca50 antigen, alpha-1-antitrypsin and antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2). one-third of the liver disease patients had focal l ... | 1995 | 7570883 |
| occupational health in surgery: risks extend beyond the operating room. | surgeons routinely work with potentially infectious materials. the risk of acquiring a disease from one percutaneous exposure is 0.3-0.4% for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) 6-30% for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 2.7-10% for hepatitis c virus (hcv). rates of blood contacts vary but may reach up to 11.9 per 100 h in the operating room. residents are at highest risk, and obstetrics and gynaecology surgeons suffered the highest rate of exposures (10%) as a group. contributing risk factors include ... | 1995 | 7575289 |
| improved gene expression by a modified bicistronic retroviral vector. | we have previously described the construction of a bicistronic retroviral vector using the picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (ires), which allows two genes expression simultaneously from a single transcript. this vector transcribes rna efficiently; however, in some cases the levels of protein production are low. in this report, we further modified the bicistronic vector by abolishing the functional viral gag initiation codon that is retained in the vector at 5' to the first initiation co ... | 1995 | 7575563 |
| isolation of novel virus-like sequences associated with human hepatitis. | two viruses, gb virus a (gbv-a) and gb virus b (gbv-b), were recently identified in the gb hepatitis agent. human sera containing antibodies that recognize gbv-a and/or gbv-b recombinant proteins were subjected to polymerase chain reaction studies with degenerate oligonucleotides capable of amplifying a segment of the putative helicase genes from gbv-a, gbv-b or hepatitis c virus. novel sequences related to members of the flaviviridae were identified in sera from 12 individuals including 4 indiv ... | 1995 | 7585124 |
| a human antibody specific for hepatitis c virus core protein: synthesis in a bacterial system and characterization. | the cdna coding for the fab fragment of the human b12.f8 antibody (ab), directed against the putative nucleocapsid component (core protein) of hepatitis c virus (hcv), was cloned in the prokaryotic phagemid vector, phen-1, to obtain its expression in escherichia coli. the functionality and specificity of the recombinant ab, called b12fab, were examined by western blot and elisa using recombinant hcv core protein as antigen. the specificity of b12fab was further confirmed by elisa with the 33-mer ... | 1995 | 7590332 |
| heterogeneity of liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 in autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis c virus related liver disease. | liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 (lkm-1), the serological marker of a subset of autoimmune hepatitis, is also present in a proportion of patients with hepatitis c virus (hcv) related chronic liver disease. to characterise further this autoreactivity and to evaluate whether an autoantibody giving an identical immunofluorescence staining, and detected in two different clinical conditions, involves the same antigenic target(s), sera from autoimmune and hcv infected patients were tested with ... | 1995 | 7590439 |
| t-cell--mediated autologous hepatocytotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection. | virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) have been suggested to be responsible for the liver injuries in patients with hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. however, there has been no report of direct evidence to substantiate this hypothesis. in this study, we performed in vitro autologous hepatocytotoxicity assay in 45 patients to examine a possible role of ctls to hcv-infected live cells. the data were correlated with histology activity index of liver biopsy specimens. lymphocyte subsets and ... | 1995 | 7590649 |
| passive adsorption of immunologically active and inactive synthetic peptides to polystyrene is influenced by the proportion of non-polar residues in the peptide. | a well-known drawback in the use of synthetic peptides as solid-phase antigens in immunoassays is that positive controls confirming the presence of the peptide on the solid phase are not always present. we therefore evaluated the applicability of a recently described enzyme immunoassay (eia) method by which the presence of peptides is detected by biotinylation (bioeia) of alpha- and/or epsilon-amino groups after passive adsorption. this approach allows the rapid screening of a large number of pr ... | 1995 | 7590923 |
| coinfection of hepatitis c virus with human immunodeficiency virus and progression to aids. italian seroconversion study. | to assess the influence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) on the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, a longitudinal study was conducted among 416 hiv-positive, aids-free persons infected through injecting drug use or homosexual or heterosexual activity and with known seroconversion dates. end points were diagnosis of aids and a cd4 cell count of < 100 x 10(6) cells/l. hcv antibodies were detected in 214 persons (51.4%). the crude relative hazard (rh) of progression to aids ... | 1995 | 7594709 |