| molecular characterization of three recombinant isolates of avian leukosis virus obtained from contaminated marek's disease vaccines. | three natural recombinant avian leukosis viruses (alv; pdrc-1039, pdrc-3246, and pdrc-3249) expressing a subgroup a gp85 envelope protein and containing long terminal repeats (ltr) of endogenous alv-e viruses were isolated from contaminated commercial marek's disease vaccines, cloned, and completely sequenced. their full genomes were analyzed and compared with representative strains of alv. the proviral dna of all three isolates displayed 99.3% identity to each other, suggesting a possible commo ... | 2008 | 18646453 |
| endogenous leukosis viral antigen in eggs from meat-type chickens on an avian leukosis virus eradication programme. | in an effort to eliminate exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) from a susceptible population, albumen of one egg per hen from each of four generations was tested by elisa for group-specific antigen (gsa) of leukosis/sarcoma viruses. from 1510 to 2099 hens were tested in each generation. hens were not used as breeders if optical density readings for gsa were 0.4 or greater. despite this procedure, there was no appeciable change in the occurrence of gsa in eggs from one generation to the next and ... | 1992 | 18670937 |
| feather pulp as a source of antibody to avian viruses. | feather pulp from white leghorns that had been inoculated with the rav-1 strain of avian leukosis virus (alv) was tested for antibody by elisa. in an elisa on three feather pulps and serum from each of four inoculated chickens, there was a highly significant correlation between antibody levels in feather pulp (1 pulp per 800 mul of buffer) and a 1:500 dilution of serum. also based on elisa, there were highly significant correlations between levels of maternal and actively acquired antibody to ne ... | 1992 | 18670946 |
| detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus infection using the polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was shown to be a sensitive and useful method for detection of infection by members of the group of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). genomic dna extracted from chick embryo fibroblasts (cefs), blood and tumours of chickens experimentally infected with the spleen necrosis virus (snv) strain of rev was used as the target for chain elongation. deoxyoligonucleotide primers that encompass a portion of the unique 3', repeat and unique 5' region of the long t ... | 1993 | 18671039 |
| effects of age at infection with serotype 2 marek's disease virus on enhancement of avian leukosis virus-induced lymphomas. | inoculation of susceptible, 15i5 x 7i chickens with serotype 2 marek's disease virus (mdv) at various ages had no influence on the development of avian leukosis virus (alv)-induced viraemia or antibody in chickens infected with alv and turkey herpesvirus (hvt) at hatch. however, the incidence of alv-induced lymphoma (ll) was significantly higher in chickens infected with alv and hvt at hatch and inoculated with serotype 2 mdv up to 6 weeks of age than in chickens receiving serotype 2 mdv at 8 to ... | 1993 | 18671041 |
| response of meat-type chickens to infection with rav-1 avian leukosis virus. | meat-type and white leghorn chickens were inoculated with the rav-1 strain of avian leukosis virus at 1 day of age and the severity of infection was assessed by clinical illness, haematology and post-mortem findings. the following were examined from selected birds: histological section for chronic mononuclear myocarditis, immunohistochemically-stained sections of myocardium, spleen, bursa of fabricius and kidney for group-specific viral antigen, and ultrathin sections of these tissues for virus ... | 1991 | 18680061 |
| feather pulp organ cultures for assessing host resistance to infection with avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses. | the purpose of this study was to improve in vitro procedures for detecting cellular resistance to the avian leukosis-sarcoma group of viruses. four feather pulp organ cultures (fpoc) were prepared from each chicken by placing pulp squeezed from feathers in wells of microtitre plates that contained culture medium. two of the four fpoc were inoculated with rous sarcoma virus (rsv) of subgroup a and 5 to 6 days later the fluids from all four cultures were assayed for virus by inoculating chicken em ... | 1987 | 18766632 |
| comparative response of turkeys and chickens to avian lymphoid leukosis virus. | response of turkeys and 151(5)x7(1) chickens to prenatal or neonatal inoculation with the avian leukosis virus rav-1 was compared. virus-inoculated turkeys and chickens developed viraemia and antibody to. rav-1. many of the chickens remained persistently viraemic through the duration of the experiment, whereas in turkeys viraemia was transient. circulating antibodies were detected earlier in turkeys than in chickens. inoculation of turkeys with rav-1 resulted in a high incidence of inflammatory ... | 1983 | 18766780 |
| neoplasms in budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus): clinical, pathomorphological and serological findings with special consideration of kidney tumours. | according to findings of others and to our own investigations, kidney tumours represent a remarkably high proportion of all tumours in budgerigars. therefore, 74 budgerigars, clinically suspicious for abdominal tumours, were analysed individually by monitoring clinical signs, gross lesions, histology, the expression of the group-specific (gs) antigen of avian leukosis virus (alv), the expression of immunoglobulins m and g, and the distribution of age and tumour incidence. lameness and abdominal ... | 1983 | 18766792 |
| the use of elisa for detection of exogenous and endogenous avian leukosis viral antigens in basic breeding flocks. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for avian leukosis/ sarcoma virus (alv) group-specific (gs) antigens was used to study the identification of hens which congenitally excrete exogenous alv. the sensitivity of this assay was compared with that of the phenotypic mixing test (pmt) and the direct complement fixation test (cft) by testing limiting dilutions of purified avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), embryo homogenates and albumens. about 0.4 ng/ml of purified amv protein could be detect ... | 1983 | 18766804 |
| viral aetiology of haemangiosarcoma outbreaks among layer hens. | outbreaks of neoplastic disease defined as haemangiosarcoma occurred among layer flocks of chickens in israel. the disease caused bleeding tumours in the skin and internal organs of young layers, followed by anaemia, cessation of egg production and high mortality up to 20%. avian leukosis virus was isolated from tumour cells which contain several viral dna copies integrated in the cell genome. the isolated virus induced haemangiosarcomas in more than 30% of birds inoculated on the day of hatchin ... | 1984 | 18766881 |
| age related resistance to avian leukosis virus. ii. influence of age at inoculation on mortality and congenital transmission. | six age groups of specified pathogen free white leghorn chickens housed in the same filtered air, positive pressure building, were inoculated at 1 day, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of age respectively, with a mixture of leukosis viruses of subgroups a and b. birds which died during the experiment were examined for gross and microscopical lesions. the incidence of lymphoid leukosis (ll) in the various groups was inversely proportional to the age of first virus exposure, le., mortality was 62.5% in the ... | 1982 | 18770176 |
| age related resistance to avian leukosis virus. iii. infectious virus, neutralising antibody and tumours in chickens inoculated at various ages. | viraemia and neutralising antibodies were determined in chickens of six age-groups following inoculation with leukosis virus of subgroups a and b at the age of 1 day, and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks respectively. the birds were kept in a filtered air positive pressure (fapp) house. a seventh age-group, accommodated in a separate fapp-house, was used as an untreated control. serum samples, received at biweekly intervals between 1-17 weeks post-inoculation, from birds of the groups inoculated at 4, 6, ... | 1982 | 18770194 |
| age-related resistance to avian leukosis virus. i. influence of age at exposure on mortality and congenital transmission. | groups of white leghorn chickens were inoculated at 1 day and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age respectively with a mixture of leukosis viruses of subgroups a and b. the five infected groups were kept in a filtered air positive pressure house. a sixth group was accommodated separately in a similar house as a control. all birds which died or were removed were subjected to pathohistological examination; diagnosis of lymphoid leukosis was made upon either gross lesions plus microscopical lesions or mic ... | 1980 | 18770263 |
| role of cell-mediated immunity (cmi) in chickens inoculated with avian leukosis/sarcoma virus. | immunosuppression of chickens infected in ovo with avian leukosis virus (rav-1) by the injection of antilymphocyte serum (als) did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter the incidence or distribution of lesions in chickens between 3 and 6 months of age as compared to control groups. antilymphocyte serum treatment of rous sarcoma virus [rsv (rav-2)]-infected chickens significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited tumour regression and enhanced tumour metastasis. it was concluded that cell-mediated immunity was n ... | 1977 | 18770324 |
| occurrence of different subgroups of avian leukosis virus in finnish poultry. | ten finnish breeding flocks were investigated for occurrence of avian leukosis virus and antibodies. the results show that field isolates representing all 4 main subgroups, a, b, c, and d, of avian leukosis virus have been identified. antibodies to these subgroups are widespread in the country. within 5 of the flocks antibody response to all 4 subgroups was found simultaneously, and there were individual chickens that carried antibodies against 2, 3, and in 2 cases, even, all 4 subgroups at the ... | 1974 | 18777270 |
| an antigen in normal avian cells which confuses virological and serological tests. | a cytoplasmic antigen was detected by fluorescent antibody tests in normal lymphoid and fibroblastic cells from chickens and other avian species when explanted and grown in culture. cells of the bursa of fabricius were consistently positive but cells of a proportion of thymus, spleen, bone marrow, buffy coat and embryo fibroblast cultures also were positive. eight of 19 fluorescein-conjugated chicken sera prepared for other studies on a variety of avian pathogens had antibody against the antigen ... | 1975 | 18777316 |
| development of an endogenous virus-free line of chickens susceptible to all subgroups of avian leukosis virus. | primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) from special specific pathogen-free chicken lines are used for detection of contamination of adult or embryonic tissues, meconium, or tissue culture fluids with avian leukosis viruses (alv). the suitability and efficiency of such tests depend on the susceptibility of cef to the various subgroups of exogenous as well as endogenous alv. the ideal cef for such tests should be not only susceptible to all retroviruses, but also free of endogenous viruses so th ... | 2008 | 18939628 |
| survey of endogenous virus and tvb* receptor status of commercial chicken stocks supplying specific-pathogen-free eggs. | endogenous avian leukosis virus (alve) and the alve receptor (tvb*s1) status of six commercial chicken lines supplying specific-pathogen-free eggs were analyzed. all commercial chicken lines are certified free of the avian leukosis virus (alv) by screening for expression of the p27 protein using the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the commercial chicken lines a, e, and f contained replication competent alve inserts. line a was fixed for alve21, and lines e and f were segregating for ... | 2008 | 18939631 |
| detection of endogenous avian leukosis virus envelope in chicken plasma using r2 antiserum. | immunologic tolerance to oncogenic avian leukosis virus (alv) is mediated, in part, by the interaction of endogenous alv (ev) envelope and immune competent cells. a flow cytometry method is described for detecting the ev envelope in chicken plasma or serum. the method employs two types of target red blood cells (rbc) obtained from chickens lacking ev; rbc susceptible to ev infection (containing ev receptors), and those resistant to ev infection (lacking ev receptors). rbc from susceptible chicke ... | 2000 | 19184801 |
| subgroup j avian leukosis virus infection in turkeys: induction of rapid onset tumours by acutely transforming virus strain 966. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), isolated in the late 1980s, predominantly causes myelocytic myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. in the past 10 years, alv-j infection has become very widespread, causing serious problems to the chicken meat industry. previously, we have shown that turkey cells can be infected in vitro with rous sarcoma virus pseudotypes of alv-j. in this paper, we extend those observations to show that turkey monocyte cultures can be transformed in vitro with acutely ... | 2000 | 19184821 |
| isolation of acutely transforming subgroup j avian leukosis viruses that induce erythroblastosis and myelocytomatosis. | avian leukosis virus of subgroup j (alv-j), isolated in the late 1980s, predominantly causes myelocytic myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. in the past few years, we have observed the occurrence of lesions indicative of erythroblastosis in alv-j-infected flocks and, in this paper, we report the isolation of alv-j strains from such flocks. three of these isolates were acutely transforming viruses, as shown by their ability to transform bone marrow cell cultures. the bone marrow cultures trans ... | 2000 | 19184822 |
| isolation of acutely transforming subgroup j avian leukosis viruses that induce erythroblastosis and myelocytomatosis. | avian leukosis virus of subgroup j (alv-j), isolated in the late 1980s, predominantly causes myelocytic myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. in the past few years, we have observed the occurrence of lesions indicative of erythroblastosis in alv-j-infected flocks and, in this paper, we report the isolation of alv-j strains from such flocks. three of these isolates were acutely transforming viruses, as shown by their ability to transform bone marrow cell cultures. the bone marrow cultures trans ... | 2000 | 19184842 |
| isolation and identification of avian leukosis viruses: a review. | avian leukosis virus (alv) is the most common naturally occurring avian retrovirus that can cause a variety of neoplastic disease conditions in chickens. in addition to causing neoplasia, alv is known to be associated with reduced productivity and other production problems in affected flocks. biological and molecular assays for the detection of alv are very useful in identification and classification of new isolates, safety testing of vaccines and in testing pathogen-free and other breeder flock ... | 2000 | 19184848 |
| reduction of horizontal transmission of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in broiler breeder chickens hatched and reared in small groups. | transmission of avian leukosis virus, subgroup j (alv-j), from donor chickens inoculated as embryos to simulate congenital infection to uninfected hatchmates was studied in two strains of commercial broiler breeder chickens. chicks of two commercial lines free of alv-j became infected when hatched (1/2 lots positive) or reared (8/8 lots positive) in direct physical contact with alv-j-infected donors. infection also occurred when chicks were exposed in the hatchery to alv-j-infected donors by clo ... | 2001 | 19184958 |
| subgroup j avian leukosis virus-induced histiocytic sarcomatosis occurs only in persistently viremic but not immunotolerized meat-type chickens. | the role of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv j) infection profile in the development of histiocytic sarcomatosis (hs) in chickens was evaluated using retrospective analysis of 2 experiments involving in ovo and at-hatch inoculation of commercial meat-type and adol line 0 chickens with 100 or 10,000 tcid(50) of various strains alv j. hs was observed only in persistently viremic, meat-type chickens that were inoculated at hatch, but not in immunotolerized (persistently viremic, with no antibod ... | 2009 | 19261641 |
| infectious bursal disease virus persistently infects bursal b-lymphoid dt40 cells. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), an important avian pathogen, exhibits a specific tropism for immature b-lymphocyte populations. we have investigated the ability of ibdv to replicate in chicken b-lymphoid dt40 cells, a tumour cell line derived from the bursa of fabricius of a chicken infected with avian leukosis virus. our results show that ibdv persistently infects dt40 cells. establishment of the persistent infection is associated with an extensive remodelling of the hypervariable regio ... | 2009 | 19264670 |
| retroviral delivery of rna interference against marek's disease virus in vivo. | the process of rna interference (rnai) has been exploited in cultured chicken cells and in chick embryos to assess the effect of specific gene inhibition on phenotypes related to development and disease. we previously demonstrated that avian leukosis virus-based retroviral vectors are capable of delivering effective rnai against marek's disease virus (mdv) in cell culture. in this study, similar rnai vectors are shown to reduce the replication of mdv in live chickens. retroviral vectors were int ... | 2009 | 19531706 |
| detection of avian leukosis virus genome by a nested polymerase chain reaction using dna and rna from dried feather shafts. | the nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) using frozen feather pulp is useful for detecting fowl glioma-inducing virus (fgv), which belongs to the avian leukosis virus family, and it has recently been suggested that fgv has spread to ornamental chickens kept in japanese zoological gardens. in the current study, the practicality of using dna and rna from dried feather shafts as pcr samples was examined to establish a simple method for tissue preservation. feather shafts were collected from 7 fg ... | 2009 | 19564502 |
| novel avian leukosis virus-related endogenous proviruses from layer chickens: characterization and development of locus-specific assays. | during the course of evolution, vertebrate genomes have been invaded and colonized by retroviruses. in humans, for example, endogenous retroviruses (long terminal repeat elements) occupy roughly twice as much sequence space as essential genes. there are numerous reports in the literature implicating endogenous proviruses in the modulation of host physiology. the fact that many of these host-virus interactions take place in a proviral locus-specific manner speaks to the need for rapid assays for ... | 2009 | 19590071 |
| [sequence analysis for the complete proviral genome of avian leukosis virus (subgroup j) strain sd07lk1 isolated from layers]. | to study the source and trend in evolution of alv-j strains from layers in china. | 2009 | 19623966 |
| simultaneous endemic infections with subgroup j avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus in commercial and local breeds of chickens. | epidemiological studies of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) infections were conducted during 1999 to 2009 on 29 chicken flocks of various commercial and local breeds located in six provinces in china. samples were typically from chickens with myelocytomas or proventricular lesions. alv-j was isolated from 25 flocks including seven out of seven flocks containing "yellow chickens" or other local breeds and several flocks of layer chickens. rev was isola ... | 2009 | 19937533 |
| [isolation and identification of avian leukosis virus-b from layer chickens infected with avian leukosis virus-j]. | two strains of avian leukosis virus subgroup b (alv-b) were isolated for the first time in china hy-line white on the cultured df-1 cells which were inoculated tissue samples from by an elisa assay, a histopathology examination and a pcr-based diagnosis. the results from the elisa assay indicated that the positive rate of serum antibodies to alv-b and alv-j virus were 16.3% (15/92) and 13% (12/92), respectively. the histopathological examination indicated that two types of tumor cells existed at ... | 2009 | 20077935 |
| [isolation and identification of a subgroup b avian leukosis virus from chickens of chinese native breed luhua]. | by inoculation of blood samples in df-1 (c/e) cell culture, an exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) strain sdau09c2 was isolated from a breeder farm of chinese native breed "luhua" in shandong province. comparisons of the amino acid sequence of env gene gp85 from the isolate with those from other alv reference strains of different subgroups indicated that sdau09c2 had the highest gp85 identity to two reference strains of subgroup b of 92.5%. its gp85 identity to other chicken alv subgroups a, c, ... | 2010 | 20329559 |
| microrna-26a-mediated regulation of interleukin-2 expression in transformed avian lymphocyte lines. | abstract: | 2010 | 20441582 |
| tumors associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup j in layer hens during 2007 to 2009 in china. | in the 3 years leading up to november 2009, 6 different types of naturally occurring neoplasms associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) were diagnosed by histopathology, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and immunohistochemistry (ihc) in 140 layer hens out of approximately 100,000. the most prevalent tumor type was hemangioma (50%) in commercial layer flocks; the second most prevalent neoplasm type was myelocytoma (38.6%); a small number of alv-j positive lymphomas (4.3%) that were ... | 2010 | 20467208 |
| subgroup j avian leukosis virus neutralizing antibody escape variants contribute to viral persistence in meat-type chickens. | we have previously demonstrated a high incidence of chickens with persistent viremia even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies (v+a+) against the inoculated parental virus in commercial meat-type chickens inoculated at hatch with subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv j) field isolates. in this study, we used an alv j molecular clone, adol pr5-4, to determine the role of neutralizing antibody (nab) escape mutants in maintaining a high incidence of viral persistence, namely, v+a+ infection pr ... | 2010 | 20608529 |
| detection of avian leukosis virus subgroups in albumen of commercial and native fowl eggs using rt-pcr in iran. | avian leukosis viruses (alvs) belong to alpharetrovirus genus of the family retroviridae that are widespread in nature. different subgroups of alv commonly infect egg-laying hens. they are responsible for economic losses due to both mortality and depressed performance in chickens. to investigate the presence of these viruses in chickens in iran, 560 egg albumens were selected from different farms of fars province, iran. these eggs were obtained from flocks of two research centers of native fowl ... | 2010 | 20640887 |
| recombinant avian leukosis viruses of subgroup j isolated from field infected commercial layer chickens with hemangioma and myeloid leukosis possess an insertion in the e element. | five isolates (js09gy2, js09gy3, js09gy4, js09gy5, and js09gy6) of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) were isolated from six infected commercial layer flocks displaying both hemangioma and myeloid leukosis (ml), which shared the same parental line, in china in 2009. | 2010 | 20676760 |
| avian leukosis virus subgroup j in layer chickens, china. | | 2010 | 20875300 |
| forensic investigation of a 1986 outbreak of osteopetrosis in commercial brown layers reveals a novel avian leukosis virus-related genome. | avian leukosis virus (alv) is known to cause several neoplastic conditions in chickens, such as b-cell lymphomas, myelocytomas, erythroblastosis, and other types of neoplasia including osteopetrosis. we describe herein the identification of unique alv-related proviral dna sequences in an archived chicken bone affected with osteopetrosis. the osteopetrotic bone was obtained from an affected 46-week-old brown layer during an outbreak of osteopetrosis in costa rica in 1986. analysis of proviral dna ... | 2010 | 20945777 |
| pathology and microbiology of dermal squamous cell carcinoma in young brown chickens reared on reused litter. | dermal squamous cell carcinoma (dscc) was found in young brown chicken flocks reared on reused litter in japan. dscc was often detected at slaughter from april 2007 to march 2009, especially in june and july 2007. no dscc was observed in the broiler chickens on the farms. twelve 11-wk-old brown chickens with dscc were investigated pathologically and microbiologically. various degrees of crater-like skin lesions were found on the back, waist, neck, legs, abdomen, and wings of the carcasses. the f ... | 2010 | 20945801 |
| isolation and identification of a subgroup a avian leukosis virus from imported meat-type grand-parent chickens. | an exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) strain sdau09c1 was isolated in df-1 cells from one of 240 imported 1-day-old white meat-type grand parent breeder chicks. inoculation of sdau09c1 in alv-free chickens induced antibody reactions specific to subgroup a or b. but gp85 amino acid sequence comparisons indicated that sdau09c1 fell into subgroup a; it had homology of 88.8%-90.3% to 6 reference strains of subgroup a, much higher compared to other subgroups including subgroup b. this is the first ... | 2010 | 20960310 |
| [sequence and promoter efficacy analysis of avian leukosis virus subgroup j strains of different pathotypes]. | to characterize the long terminal repeat (ltr) of the alv-j strain which can induce hemangioma, fragments of provirus ltr of the three different alv-j strains scau-hn06, nx0101 and js-nt were amplified with a pair of specific primers, then cloned and subjected to sequence analysis. in comparison with the prototype alv-j strains hprs-103 and adol-7501, the ltrs of domestic strains (scau-hn06, nx0101, js-nt and sd07lk1) had an 88.0%-97.2% nucleotide sequence identity; the u5 and r regions in the l ... | 2010 | 21043142 |
| haemangiomas, leiomyosarcoma and myeloma caused by subgroup j avian leukosis virus in a commercial layer flock. | an outbreak of simultaneously occurring haemangiomas, leiomyosarcoma and myeloma was observed in a commercial layer flock in china. the sick chickens were extremely thin and dehydrated. scattered haemangiomas were found on the claws, breast and wings. at necropsy, haemangiomas and some other nodular tumours were also found in the internal organs. in addition, diffuse enlargement of the liver and spleen appeared in some birds. histopathologically, haemangiomas were typically cavernous haemangioma ... | 2010 | 21087914 |
| [full-length cdna sequence analysis of avian leukosis viruses subgroup j isolated from chickens with clinical hemangioma]. | to understand the molecular characteristics of subgroup j avian leukosis viruses (alv-j) isolated from chickens with clinical hemangioma, as well as to get more information for controlling the spread of alv-j in layer chickens flocks. | 2010 | 21090269 |
| myxosarcomas associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup a infection in fancy breed chickens. | formalin-fixed suspect tumors were submitted to the poultry diagnostic and research center at the university of georgia (athens, ga) for diagnosis. samples were from fancy breed chickens with a history of increased tumor prevalence in both hens and roosters. microscopically, in all the samples, there were neoplastic proliferations of spindle-shaped cells. the matrix surrounding tumor cells stained positively with alcian blue at ph 2.5, but neoplastic cells did not stain with periodic acid-schiff ... | 2010 | 21313858 |
| a duplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection and quantitation of avian leukosis virus subgroups a and b. | avian leukosis is a disease that is spreading widely in the world causing large economic losses to the poultry industry. in this study, a duplex quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay was developed to detect and quantify avian leukosis virus subgroups a and b (alva/b). the assay was optimised to measure viral gp85 and chicken housekeeping (ß-actin) genes. the result showed that the assay was specific for reference strains of alva/b subtype and no c ... | 2011 | 21349288 |
| molecular identification of avian leukosis virus subgroup e loci and tumor virus b locus in chinese indigenous chickens. | avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroup e (alve) is an endogenous retrovirus in the chicken genome. the chickens carrying alve locus 3 (alve3), 6 (alve6), 9 (alve9), and 21 (alve21) have been proved to be susceptible to alv. tumor virus locus b (tvb) encodes the cellular receptor for alv subgroups b, d, and e. the insertions of the 4 alve loci and the genotypes of tvb have not been demonstrated in chinese indigenous chicken breeds. in the present study, the existence of alve3, alve6, alve9, and alve ... | 2011 | 21406360 |
| the pi3k/akt pathway is involved in early infection of some exogenous avian leukosis viruses. | avian leukosis virus (alv) is an enveloped and oncogenic retrovirus. avian leukosis caused by the members of alv subgroups a, b and j has become one of the major problems challenging the poultry industry in china. however, the cellular factors such as signal transduction pathways involved in alv infection are not well defined. in this study, our data demonstrated that alv-j strain nx0101 infection in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts or df-1 cells was correlated with the activity and phosphoryl ... | 2011 | 21450945 |
| [mono-specific serum preparation and specificity of gp85 gene of subgroup a avian leukosis virus]. | in order to get a rapid specific diagnostic reagent for subgroup a avian leukosis virus detection. | 2011 | 21465800 |
| isolation and characterization of emerging subgroup j avian leukosis virus associated with hemangioma in egg-type chickens. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j), first isolated in 1989, predominantly causes myeloid leukosis (ml) in meat-type or egg-type chicken. since 2006, the clinical cases of hemangioma rather than ml in commercial layer flocks associated with alv-j have been reported, but it was still not clear whether the novel oncogenic alv-j had emerged. we characterized scau-hn06 isolate of alv-j from hemangioma in commercial roman layers through animal experiment and full-length proviral genome sequence a ... | 2011 | 21632189 |
| differentially expressed genes in a flock of chinese local-breed chickens infected with a subgroup j avian leukosis virus using suppression subtractive hybridization. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is a new type of virus that mainly induces myeloid leukosis (ml) in chickens. to further elucidate the pathogenesis of alv-j infection and tumor development, expression profiles from the bone marrow tissue of 15 infected and 18 non-infected birds from a local-breed poultry-farm under naturally infected conditions, were analyzed by suppression-subtractive hybridization. the birds were diagnosed as ml+ (or ml-) by specific alv-j detection methods, involving ... | 2010 | 21637603 |
| the early history of tumor virology: rous, rif, and rav. | one hundred years ago peyton rous recovered a virus, now known as the rous sarcoma virus (rsv), from a chicken sarcoma, which reproduced all aspects of the tumor on injection into closely related chickens. there followed recovery of causal viruses of tumors of different morphology from 4 more of 60 chicken tumors. subsequent studies in chickens of the biology of the first rsv isolated moved slowly for 45 y until an assay of ectodermal pocks of the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos was ... | 2011 | 21813762 |
| an alv-j isolate is responsible for spontaneous haemangiomas in layer chickens in china. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j), first isolated in 1989, mainly induces tumours of myeloid leukosis (ml) in meat-type chickens. in 2006, alv-j strain scau-hn06 was isolated from commercial layer hens with spontaneous haemangiomas in china. to confirm its role in the induction of haemangioma, we constructed a full-length copy of the proviral genome from scau-hn06, recovered virus from df-1 cells detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, characterized its growth property and investiga ... | 2011 | 21711185 |
| the critical time of avian leukosis virus subgroup j-mediated immunosuppression during early stage infection in specific pathogen-free chickens. | the critical time of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j)-mediated immunosuppression was determined by body weight, relative immune organ weight, histopathology, and presence of group specific antigen and antibodies in specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens. cd4(+) and cd8(+) cell activity in the spleen, total and differential leukocyte counts in blood, and viral rna levels in spleen were measured. significant growth suppression was observed in the two alv-j-infected groups. a strong immune re ... | 2011 | 21897096 |
| novel sequences of subgroup j avian leukosis viruses associated with hemangioma in chinese layer hens. | abstract: background: avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) preferentially induces myeloid leukosis (ml) in meat-type birds. since 2008, many clinical cases of hemangioma rather than ml have frequently been reported in association with alv-j infection in chinese layer flocks. results: three alv-j strains associated with hemangioma were isolated and their proviral genomic sequences were determined. the three isolates, jl093-1, sd09dp03 and hlj09mdj-1, were 7670, 7670, and 7633 nt in length. t ... | 2011 | 22185463 |
| Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein GP85 of ALV-J isolates from Mainland China between 1999 and 2010: Coexistence of two extremely different subgroups in layers. | Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), first isolated in 1989, preferentially infects meat-type birds. However, layer flocks in China have experienced outbreaks of this virus since 2008. To understand the genetic diversity of ALV-J in Chinese layers, we compared and analyzed the GP85 gene sequences of 106 ALV-J isolates that were isolated between 1999 and 2010 in Mainland China. The GP85 gene sequences of 41 layer isolates collected from 9 provinces of China between 2008 and 2010 belonged to t ... | 2011 | 22101092 |
| Pathogenicity of avian leukosis viruses related to fowl glioma-inducing virus. | Fowl glioma-inducing virus (FGV), which belongs to avian leukosis virus subgroup A, causes the so-called fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia in chickens. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequences of four isolates (Tym-43, U-1, Sp-40 and Sp-53) related to the FGV prototype were determined and their pathogenicity was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 3'-long terminal repeat of all isolates grouped together in a cluster, while sequences of the surface (SU) proteins ... | 2011 | 21854177 |
| [comparison of whole genome sequences and replication ability in cell cultures between two avian leukosis viruses of subgroup b]. | the purpose of this study was to compare the whole genome sequences and replication dynamics in cell cultures of two avian leukosis viruses of subgroup b (alv) isolates, sdau09e3 and sdau09c2. comparison of the amino acid sequences indicated that the gp85 identity of these two subgroup b isolates was 95.4%, the identity with other three alv-b reference strains was 91.0%-94.9%, and less than 87.9% with alv subgroup a, c, d, e and j. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of gag and pol genes indic ... | 2011 | 21998957 |
| development and validation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of avian leukosis virus antibodies based on a recombinant capsid protein. | avian leukosis virus (alv) is associated with tumor development and growth retardation in poultry. eradication of virus infection at the primary breeder level is the principal method for controlling alv infection in chickens. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) method that utilized the prokaryotically expressed and affinity-purified viral capsid protein antigen p27 was developed for the detection of alv-specific antibodies in chicken sera. the protocol of ielisa was validated ... | 2011 | 21908361 |
| molecular epidemiology of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in layer flocks in china. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) was first isolated from meat-type chickens in 1988. no field cases of alv-j infection and tumors in layer chickens were observed worldwide until 2004. however, layer flocks in china have experienced outbreaks of this virus in recent years. the molecular epidemiology of alv-j strains isolated from layer flocks was investigated. the env genes of 77.8% (21/27) of the alv-j layer isolates with a high degree of genetic variation were significantly different fro ... | 2011 | 22205787 |
| rapid detection of marek's disease viral genome in chicken feathers by loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for the rapid detection of serotype 1 marek's disease virus (mdv) was developed. the method used a set of three pairs of primers to amplify the meq gene for detecting serotype 1 mdv. the mdv lamp method did not cross-react with serotype 2 and serotype 3, nor did the lamp primers have binding sites for the common avian dna viruses (reticuloendotheliosis virus, chicken anemia virus, subgroup j of the avian leucosis virus). additionally, the as ... | 2011 | 22170920 |
| [correlation between tcid50 and p27 antigen of avian leukosis virus subgroup j]. | to study the correlation between 50% tissue-culture infective dose (tcid50) value and p27 antigen s/p value of avian leukosis virus subgroup j and discuss their significance, chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells were inoculated with avian leukosis virus subgroup j strain nx0101 and samples were tested continuously for ten days after changing maintenance media. the correlation between tcid50 and p27 antigen s/p value of ten days were then analysized. simultaneously, df-1 cells were inoculated wi ... | 2011 | 22263263 |
| [identification of a new subgroup of avian leukosis virus isolated from chinese indigenous chicken breeds]. | in order to clarify avian leukosis virus (alv) characteristics from chinese native chicken breeds, three alv js11c1, js11c2 and js11c3 were isolated from chinese native breed "luhua" by inoculation of df1 cell culture and detection of p27 antigen. using pcr amplification of env gene, the amplified gp85 genes were analyzed and compared to all six chicken alv subgroups reported. the gp85 genes of these three viruses were 1 005bp in length and encoded 335 amino acids, and the gp37 genes were 609bp ... | 2012 | 23367558 |
| domestic chickens activate a pirna defense against avian leukosis virus. | piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas) protect the germ line by targeting transposable elements (tes) through the base-pair complementarity. we do not know how pirnas co-evolve with tes in chickens. here we reported that all active tes in the chicken germ line are targeted by pirnas, and as tes lose their activity, the corresponding pirnas erode away. we observed de novo pirna birth as host responds to a recent retroviral invasion. avian leukosis virus (alv) has endogenized prior to chicken domesticatio ... | 2017 | 28384097 |
| spontaneous spinal plexiform perineurioma in a juvenile chicken ( gallus domesticus). | a 2-mo-old pet chicken ( gallus domesticus) was presented because of lameness and a hind limb mass of 1 mo duration. radiographs revealed a soft tissue mass extending from the mid-femur into the body wall. cytology of a sample obtained from a fine-needle aspirate was unremarkable. the bird was prepared for surgical investigation of the mass but died acutely at the time of pre-medication. autopsy revealed an extradural mesenchymal neoplasm that focally compressed the lumbar spinal cord, extended ... | 2017 | 28381111 |
| novel avian leukosis viruses from domestic chicken breeds in mainland china. | two novel avian leukosis viruses (alvs) were isolated from 1380 whole blood samples taken from domestic chicken breeds in china. the two alvs were uniquely different from the env (envelope) genes of alv a-j and carried an ltr (long terminal repeat) cluster from alv-e. large scale sequence analysis further showed that these alvs (with different env and ltrs) were recently endemic in domestic chicken breeds in both china and japan. the emergence of these novel alvs is challenging the current alv e ... | 2017 | 28349354 |
| cooperative effects of immune enhancer tppps and different adjuvants on antibody responses induced by recombinant alv-j gp85 subunit vaccines in spf chickens. | to explore the antibody responses and protective effects induced by subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) gp85 protein vaccine plus different adjuvants (cpg and white oil adjuvant yf01) combined with the immune enhancer taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (tppps), we immunized spf chickens with the recombinant alv-j gp85 protein, along with different adjuvants and immune enhancer, which protected the chickens by inducing different levels of protective antibodies. results showed that ... | 2017 | 28237498 |
| mir-34b-5p suppresses melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) signaling pathway to promote avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j)-infected cells proliferaction and alv-j replication. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an oncogenic retrovirus that has a similar replication cycle to multiple viruses and therefore can be used as a model system for viral entry into host cells. however, there are few reports on the genes or micrornas (mirnas) that are responsible for the replication of alv-j. our previous mirna and rna sequencing data showed that the expression of mir-34b-5p was significantly upregulated in alv-j-infected chicken spleens compared to non-infected chicken s ... | 2017 | 28194372 |
| temporal changes of microrna gga-let-7b and gga-let-7i expression in chickens challenged with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | two important micrornas, gga-let-7b and gga-let-7i were examined for the relative expression in liver and bone marrow tissues from specific pathogen free chickens that were challenged either with gd1109 or nx0101 strain of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j). the gd1109 strain of alv-j reportedly causes hemangioma (he) and nx0101 reportedly causes myeloma (ml) in susceptible chickens. temporal changes of both gga-let-7b and gga-let-7i expression in alv-j infected chickens were observed in co ... | 2017 | 28190219 |
| transcriptional profiles in bursal b-lymphoid dt40 cells infected with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes a highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease in chickens. the virus mainly infects immature b lymphocytes in the bursa of fabricius (bf). chicken b cell line dt40, an avian leukosis virus-induced b cell line, supports very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) infection in vitro and thereby serves as a good model for investigating the infection and pathogenesis of this virus. however, a transcriptome-wide understanding of the interaction between vvibdv and b cell ... | 2017 | 28086922 |
| immunity to avian leukosis virus: where are we now and what should we do? | avian leukosis virus (alv) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus causing enormous economic losses in the global poultry industry. although alv-related research has lasted for more than a century, there are no vaccines to protect chickens from alv infection. the interaction between chickens and alv remains not fully understood especially with regard to the host immunity. the current review provides an overview of our current knowledge of innate and adaptive immunity induced by alv infection. more impo ... | 2016 | 28066434 |
| growth retardation induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup j associated with down-regulated wnt/β-catenin pathway. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), an oncogenic retrovirus, induces growth retardation and neoplasia in chickens, leading to enormous economic losses in poultry industry. increasing evidences showed several signal pathways involved in alv-j infection. however, what signaling pathway involved in growth retardation is largely unknown. to explore the possible signaling pathway, we tested the cell proliferation and associated mirnas in alv-j infected cef cells by cck-8 and hiseq, respectively. ... | 2017 | 28065818 |
| efficacy of an autophagy-targeted dna vaccine against avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | infection with the avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) can lead to neoplastic disease in chickens, inflicting significant economic losses to the poultry industry. recent reports have identified inhibitory effects of alv-j on autophagy, a process involving in innate and adaptive immunity. inspired by this connection between autophagy and immunity, we developed a novel dna vaccine against alv-j which includes co-administration of rapamycin to stimulate autophagy. to measure the efficacy of the ... | 2017 | 28049588 |
| a deep sequencing reveals significant diversity among dominant variants and evolutionary dynamics of avian leukosis viruses in two infectious ecosystems. | as a typical retrovirus, the evolution of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) in different infectious ecosystems is not characterized, what we know is there are a cloud of diverse variants, namely quasispecies with considerable genetic diversity. this study is to explore the selection of infectious ecosystems on dominant variants and their evolutionary dynamics of alv-j between df1 cells and specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens. high-throughput sequencing platforms provide an approach for d ... | 2016 | 27993149 |
| gp85 protein vaccine adjuvanted with silica nanoparticles against alv-j in chickens. | this study focused on the effect of silica nanoparticles as adjuvant for vaccine applications comprised of gp85, a dominating structural protein of j subgroup avian leukosis virus (alv-j), and which was evaluated by comparing with the responsiveness induced by that emulsified in freund adjuvant. thirty-six chickens were inoculated twice with gp85 adjuvanted with the silica nanoparticles or freund's adjuvant at the 2nd and 3rd week old. two weeks later, the inoculated chickens were challenged wit ... | 2017 | 27912987 |
| history of the first-generation marek's disease vaccines: the science and little-known facts. | shortly after the isolation of marek's disease (md) herpesvirus (mdv) in the late 1960s vaccines were developed in england, the united states, and the netherlands. biggs and associates at the houghton poultry research station (hprs) in england attenuated hprs-16, the first cell-culture-isolated mdv strain, by passaging hprs-16 in chick kidney cells. although hprs-16/att was the first commercially available vaccine, it never became widely used and was soon replaced by the fc126 strain of herpesvi ... | 2016 | 27902902 |
| identification of new world quails susceptible to infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | the j subgroup of avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infects domestic chickens, jungle fowl, and turkeys. this virus enters the host cell through a receptor encoded by the tvj locus and identified as na(+)/h(+) exchanger 1. the resistance to avian leukosis virus subgroup j in a great majority of galliform species has been explained by deletions or substitutions of the critical tryptophan 38 in the first extracellular loop of na(+)/h(+) exchanger 1. because there are concerns of transspecies virus tran ... | 2017 | 27881654 |
| avian leukosis virus subgroup j induces vegf expression via nf-κb/pi3k-dependent il-6 production. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an oncogenic virus causing hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens. interleukin-6 (il-6) is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory interleukin involved in many types of cancer. we previously demonstrated that il-6 expression was induced following alv-j infection in chickens. the aim of this study is to characterize the mechanism by which alv-j induces il-6 expression, and the role of il-6 in tumor development. our results demonstrate that alv-j infection ... | 2016 | 27852059 |
| recombinant marek's disease virus as a vector-based vaccine against avian leukosis virus subgroup j in chicken. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an immunosuppressive virus that causes considerable economic losses to the chicken industry in china. however, there is currently no effective vaccine to prevent alv-j infection. in order to reduce the losses caused by alv-j, we constructed two effective alv-j vaccines by inserting the alv-j (strain jl093-1) env or gag+env genes into the us2 gene of the marek's disease herpesviruses (mdv) by transfection of overlapping fosmid dnas, creating two recombin ... | 2016 | 27827933 |
| endogenous retrovirus ev21 dose not recombine with alv-j and induces the expression of isgs in the host. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression. endogenous viruses integrate into host genomes and can recombine with exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv). in this study, we analyzed the interaction of endogenous retrovirus 21 (ev21) with the alv-j in late-feathering chinese yellow chicken. two alv-j strains m180 and k243 were isolated from late-feathering and fast-feathering chinese yellow chicken flocks, respectively. the env gene of the two strains sh ... | 2016 | 27826543 |
| altered expression of the mismatch repair genes in df-1 cells infected with the avian leukosis virus subgroup a. | the absence or deficiency of dna mismatch repair (mmr) activity results in microsatellite instability (msi) in cancer. the avian leukosis virus (alv) causes neoplastic disease in chickens. in this study, the status of mmr, msi, the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected in df-1 cells after avian leukosis virus subgroup a infection. flow cytometry analysis results indicated that there was no significant difference in cell apoptosis between the control and infected groups. the percentage of cells ... | 2016 | 27795899 |
| gp85 genetic diversity of avian leukosis virus subgroup j among different individual chickens from a native flock. | to compare the genetic diversity and quasispecies evolution of avian leukosis virus (alv) among different individuals, 5 chickens, raised in shandong provice of china, were randomly selected from a local chicken flock associated with serious tumor cases. blood samples were collected and inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblast and df-1 cell lines for virus isolation and identification, respectively, of marek's disease virus (mdv), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), and alv. five strains of alv ... | 2016 | 27794054 |
| expression patterns of endogenous avian retrovirus alve1 and its response to infection with exogenous avian tumour viruses. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) are genomic elements that are present in a wide range of vertebrates and have been implicated in a variety of human diseases, including cancer. however, the characteristic expression patterns of ervs, particularly in virus-induced tumours, is not fully clear. dna methylation was analysed by bisulfite pyrosequencing, and gene expression was analysed by rt-qpcr. in this study, we first found that the endogenous avian retrovirus alve1 was highly expressed in some chic ... | 2017 | 27686071 |
| gadd45β, an anti-tumor gene, inhibits avian leukosis virus subgroup j replication in chickens. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is a retroviruses that induces neoplasia, hepatomegaly, immunosuppression and poor performance in chickens. the tumorigenic and pathogenic mechanisms of alv-j remain a hot topic. to explore anti-tumor genes that promote resistance to alv-j infection in chickens, we bred alv-j resistant and susceptible chickens (f3 generation). rna-sequencing (rna-seq) of liver tissue from the alv-j resistant and susceptible chickens identified 216 differentially expressed ... | 2016 | 27655697 |
| rescue of avian leukosis subgroup-j-associated acutely transforming viruses carrying different lengths of the v-fps oncogene and analysis of their tumorigenicity. | in our previous study, six subgroup j strains of avian leukosis virus (alv-j)-associated acutely transforming viruses carrying different lengths of the v-fps oncogene, designated as fu-j and fu-j1-5, were isolated and characterized from fibrosarcomas in alv-j-infected chickens. in the present study, the oncogenic potential of fu-j and fu-j1-5 was investigated using a reverse genetics technique. six replication-defective viruses, named rfu-j and rfu-j1-5, were rescued with the replication-compete ... | 2016 | 27654667 |
| viral proliferation and expression of tumor-related gene in different chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with different tumorigenic phenotypes of avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) causes a neoplastic disease in infected chickens. the alv-j strain nx0101, which was isolated from broiler breeders in 2001, mainly induced formation of myeloid cell tumors. however, strain hn10py01, which was recently isolated from laying hens, mainly induces formation of myeloid cell tumors and hemangioma. to identify the molecular pathological mechanism underlying changes in host susceptibility and tumor classification induced by these two types of alv- ... | 2016 | 27609806 |
| isolation and metagenomic identification of avian leukosis virus associated with mortality in broiler chicken. | avian leukosis virus (alv) belongs to the family retroviridae and causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. following an outbreak associated with high mortality in a broiler flock in northern part of malaysia, kidney tissues from affected chickens were submitted for virus isolation and identification in chicken embryonated egg and mdck cells. evidence of virus growth was indicated by haemorrhage and embryo mortality in egg culture. while viral growth in cell culture was eviden ... | 2016 | 27597865 |
| avian leukosis virus activation of an antisense rna upstream of tert in b-cell lymphomas. | avian leukosis virus (alv) induces tumors by integrating its proviral dna into the chicken genome and altering the expression of nearby genes via strong promoter and enhancer elements. viral integration sites that contribute to oncogenesis are selected in tumor cells. deep-sequencing analysis of b-cell lymphoma dna confirmed that the telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert) gene promoter is a common alv integration target. twenty-six unique proviral integration sites were mapped between 46 and 3, ... | 2016 | 27512065 |
| molecular epidemiology of j-subgroup avian leukosis virus isolated from meat-type chickens in southern china between 2013 and 2014. | members of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) cause various diseases associated with tumor formation and decreased fertility, resulting in major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. to assess the status of alv-j infection in meat-type chickens in southern china, the molecular epidemiology of alv-j strains was investigated. a total of 265 clinical samples collected from southern china from 2013 to 2014 were investigated in this study for the presence of alv-j, which resulted in ... | 2016 | 27503348 |
| genomic diversity of the avian leukosis virus subgroup j gp85 gene in different organs of an infected chicken. | the genomic diversity of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) was investigated in an experimentally infected chicken. alv-j variants in tissues from four different organs of the same bird were re-isolated in df-1 cells, and their gp85 gene was amplified and cloned. ten clones from each organ were sequenced and compared with the original inoculum strain, nx0101. the minimum homology of each organ ranged from 96.7 to 97.6%, and the lowest homology between organs was only 94.9%, which was much l ... | 2016 | 27456778 |
| identification of a linear b-cell epitope on the avian leukosis virus p27 protein using monoclonal antibodies. | avian leukosis virus (alv) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that can induce various clinical tumors. the capsid protein p27 is the group-specific antigen of alv and has many viral antigen sites that are easy to detect. in this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab), 3a9, that is specific for the p27 protein. a series of partially overlapping peptides were screened to define (181)ppsar(185) as the minimal linear epitope recognized by mab 3a9. the identified epitope could be recognized by ... | 2016 | 27438076 |
| synergy of subgroup j avian leukosis virus and eimeria tenella to increase pathogenesis in specific-pathogen-free chickens. | to investigate the effects of co-infections of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) and eimeria tenella on the pathogenesis in specific-pathogen-free (spf) white leghorn chickens, groups of chickens were infected with alv-j strain nx0101 at one day of age or with e. tenella at 14 days of age or both. the control group was left uninfected and was mock-inoculated with phosphate buffer saline (pbs). mortality rates, body weights, cecal lesions, and viremia of infected chickens in each group were ... | 2016 | 27436443 |
| isolation, identification and evolution analysis of a novel subgroup of avian leukosis virus isolated from a local chinese yellow broiler in south china. | avian leukosis virus (alv) causes high mortality associated with tumor formation and decreased fertility, and results in major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. recently, a putative novel alv subgroup virus named alv-k was observed in chinese local chickens. in this study, a novel alv strain named gd14lz was isolated from a chinese local yellow broiler in 2014. the proviral genome was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. the replication ability and pathogenicity of this viru ... | 2016 | 27422398 |
| recombinant chicken interferon-alpha inhibits the replication of exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) in df-1 cells. | chickeninterferon alpha (chifnα) belongs to type i ifns that are important antiviral cytokines. we investigated whether chifnα plays a role in avian leukosis virus (alv) infections of chickens. firstly, we explored the immune response to alv in vivo by measuring cytokine expression profiles in the spleens and bursas of chickens during the late stages of alv-j infection. the results indicated that alv-j infection could induce a mixed th1/th2 cytokine response by elevating levels of both interleuk ... | 2016 | 27372921 |
| discovery of an expanded set of avian leukosis subroup e proviruses in chickens using vermillion, a novel sequence capture and analysis pipeline. | transposable elements (tes), such as endogenous retroviruses (ervs), are common in the genomes of vertebrates. ervs result from retroviral infections of germ-line cells, and once integrated into host dna they become part of the host's heritable genetic material. ervs have been ascribed positive effects on host physiology such as the generation of novel, adaptive genetic variation and resistance to infection, as well as negative effects as agents of tumorigenesis and disease. the avian leukosis v ... | 2016 | 27354549 |
| infection of chicken bone marrow mononuclear cells with subgroup j avian leukosis virus inhibits dendritic cell differentiation and alters cytokine expression. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) is an oncogenic retrovirus known to induce tumor formation and immunosuppression in infected chickens. one of the organs susceptible to alv-j is the bone marrow, from which specialized antigen-presenting cells named dendritic cells (bm-dcs) are derived. notably, these cells possess the unique ability to induce primary immune responses. in the present study, a method of cultivating and purifying dcs from chicken bone marrow in vitro was established to inves ... | 2016 | 27349993 |
| evaluation of a chimeric multi-epitope-based dna vaccine against subgroup j avian leukosis virus in chickens. | the prokaryotic expressed recombinant chimeric multi-epitope protein x (rcmepx) had been evaluated with good immunogenicity and protective efficacy against subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) in our previous study. in the present research, we cloned the chimeric multi-epitope gene x into the eukaryotic expression vector pvax1 to evaluate its potency as a dna vaccine. the purified recombinant gp85 protein and rcmepx were used as positive controls and a dna prime-protein boost strategy was als ... | 2016 | 27318415 |
| [cross-species transmission of avian leukosis virus subgroup j]. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an avian retrovirus that can induce myelocytomas. a high-frequency mutation in gene envelope endows alv-j with the potential for cross-species transmission. we wished to ascertain if the alv-j can spread across species under selection pressure in susceptible and resistant hosts. first, we inoculated (in turn) two susceptible host birds (specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens and turkeys). then, we inoculated three resistant hosts (pheasants, quails and d ... | 2016 | 27295883 |