| 2,4-dialkyl-8,9,10,11-tetrahydrobenzo[g]pyrimido[4,5-c]isoquinoline-1,3,7,12(2h,4h)-tetraones as new leads against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | given the re-emergence of tuberculosis in europe and beyond, the search for novel bio-active compound classes against this disease is of utmost importance. as a result of a high intrinsic tolerance of the etiological agent, mycobacterium tuberculosis, towards most antibiotics and xenobiotics, the search for such new compounds is far from trivial. further exacerbated by the rapid generation and spread of drug resistant m. tuberculosis and fuelled by the hiv/aids pandemic, halting the tuberculosis ... | 2014 | 24681334 |
| biofilms formed by mycobacterium tuberculosis on cement, ceramic, and stainless steel surfaces and their controls. | this study assessed the biofilms formed by selected strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis and investigated the efficacy of three different treatments to control the biofilms. two m. tuberculosis strains were inoculated separately in 150 ml of middlebrook 7h9-tween 80 (0.1%) broth with 5% liver extract and 10% oleic albumin dextrose catalase (oadc) supplement, 5% liver extract alone, or 10% oadc alone in sterile jars, each containing a 2-cm2 coupon of cement, ceramic, or stainless steel for biofi ... | 2014 | 24680071 |
| laboratory diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis in the european union/european economic area: analysis of routine laboratory data, 2007 to 2011. | laboratory confirmation of paediatric tuberculosis (tb) is frequently lacking. we reviewed the range of routine laboratory tests and their performance in different biological samples used to diagnose active tb in children. a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among the european reference laboratory network for tb followed by collection of routine laboratory data on 10,549 paediatric samples tested in 2007 to 2011 at six reference laboratories (in croatia, germany, italy, latvia, lithuania ... | 2014 | 24679723 |
| extent and origin of resistance to antituberculosis drugs in the netherlands, 1993 to 2011. | the elimination of tuberculosis (tb) is threatened by an apparent increase in the level of resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. in the netherlands, where the majority of tb patients are migrants, resistance may also be increasing. we conducted a retrospective study, using 18,294 m. tuberculosis isolates from tb cases notified between 1993 and 2011. we investigated the trends in antituberculosis drug resistance, focusing on the country of birth of the patients and whether resistance had deve ... | 2014 | 24679720 |
| molecular surveillance of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission in the european union from 2003 to 2011. | the european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc) initiated a project on the molecular surveillance of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-/xdr-tb) transmission in the european union (eu) in the period from 2009 to 2011. in total, 2,092 variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) patterns of mdr-/xdr-tb mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were collected, originating from 24 different countries in the period 2003 to 2011. of the collected vntr patterns, 45% (n=941) cou ... | 2014 | 24679719 |
| design, synthesis and evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole-adamantylacetamide hybrids as potent inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a series of novel 1,2,3-triazole-adamantylacetamide hybrids 5a-u, designed by combining bioactive fragments from antitubercular i-a09 and substituted adamantyl urea, were synthesized using copper catalyzed click chemistry. n-(1-adamantyl)-2-azido acetamide 3 prepared from 1-adamantylamine was reacted with a series of alkyl/aryl acetylenes in the presence of copper sulfate and sodium ascorbate to give new analogues 5a-u in very good yields. evaluation of all new compounds for in vitro antitubercu ... | 2014 | 24679703 |
| genetic profile of mycobacterium tuberculosis and treatment outcomes in human pulmonary tuberculosis in tanzania. | information on the different spoligotype families of mycobacterium tuberculosis in tanzania is limited, and where available, restricted to small geographical areas. this article describes the genetic profile of m tuberculosis across tanzania and suggests how spoligotype families might affect drug resistance and treatment outcomes for smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in tanzania. we conducted the study from 2006 to 2008, and the isolates were obtained from samples collected under th ... | 2014 | 26875299 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis in the proteomics era. | the emerging field of proteomics has contributed greatly to improving our understanding of the human pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis over the last two decades. in this chapter we provide a comprehensive overview of mycobacterial proteome research and highlight key findings. first, studies employing a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (ms) provided insights into the proteomic composition, initially of the whole bacillus and subsequently of subfractions, ... | 2014 | 26105825 |
| structural annotation of the mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome. | efforts from the tb structural genomics consortium together with those of tuberculosis structural biologists worldwide have led to the determination of about 350 structures, making up nearly a tenth of the pathogen's proteome. given that knowledge of protein structures is essential to obtaining a high-resolution understanding of the underlying biology, it is desirable to have a structural view of the entire proteome. indeed, structure prediction methods have advanced sufficiently to allow struct ... | 2014 | 26105824 |
| cyclic amp signaling in mycobacteria. | all cells must adapt to changing conditions, and many use cyclic amp (camp) as a second messenger to sense and respond to fluctuations in their environment. camp is made by adenylyl cyclases (acs), and mycobacteria have an unusually large number of biochemically distinct acs. camp is important for gene regulation in mycobacteria, and the ability to secrete camp into host macrophages during infection contributes to mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. this article discusses the many roles of ... | 2014 | 26105822 |
| transcription factor binding site mapping using chip-seq. | transcription factors (tfs) play a central role in regulating gene expression in all bacteria. yet until recently, studies of tf binding were limited to a small number of factors at a few genomic locations. chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (chip-seq) provides the ability to map binding sites globally for tfs, and the scalability of the technology enables the ability to map binding sites for every dna binding protein in a prokaryotic organism. we have developed a protocol for ... | 2014 | 26105820 |
| congenital il-12r1β receptor deficiency and thrombophilia in a girl homozygous for an il12rb1 mutation and compound heterozygous for mtfhr mutations: a case report and literature review. | interleukin-12 (il-12) plays an important role in the production of interferon gamma from t cells and natural killer cells and is essential for protection against intra-macrophagic pathogens such as mycobacterium and salmonella. here, we describe a 16-year-old girl with homozygous mutation in exon 12 of the il12rb1 gene, which causes complete il-12rβ1 deficiency in association with heterozygous mutation (c677t and a1298c) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. she presented with dissem ... | 2014 | 24678409 |
| association of mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages with ifn-γ and tnf-α gene polymorphisms among pulmonary tuberculosis patient. | the six major lineages of mycobacterium tuberculosis [mtb] are found to be strongly associated with specific geographical outbreaks. but whether these bacterial lineages influence the host genetic polymorphism is uncertain. the present study was designed to evaluate the relevance of strain diversity and host genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis [ptb]. for this reason, single -nucleotide polymorphisms [snps] in interferon- γ [ifn-γ] receptor-1[g-611a], ifng [g+ 2109a] ... | 2014 | 24678392 |
| serum zinc levels and its association with vitamin a levels among tuberculosis patients. | one-third of the total human population is infected with the mycobacterium tuberculosis. this bacterium causes illness in up to 9 million people annually and is responsible for three deaths every minute world-wide. | 2014 | 24678211 |
| biofragments: an approach towards predicting protein function using biologically related fragments and its application to mycobacterium tuberculosis cyp126. | we present a novel fragment-based approach that tackles some of the challenges for chemical biology of predicting protein function. the general approach, which we have termed biofragments, comprises two key stages. first, a biologically relevant fragment library (biofragment library) can be designed and constructed from known sets of substrate-like ligands for a protein class of interest. second, the library can be screened for binding to a novel putative ligand-binding protein from the same or ... | 2014 | 24677424 |
| high-frequency vaccine-induced cd8⁺ t cells specific for an epitope naturally processed during infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis do not confer protection. | relatively few mhc class i epitopes have been identified from mycobacterium tuberculosis, but during the late stage of infection, cd8(+) t-cell responses to these epitopes are often primed at an extraordinary high frequency. although clearly available for recognition during infection, their role in resistance to mycobacterial infections still remain unclear. as an alternative to dna and viral vaccination platforms, we have exploited a novel cd8(+) t-cell-inducing adjuvant, cationic adjuvant form ... | 2014 | 24677089 |
| a new rapid colourimetric method for testing mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to isoniazid and rifampicin: a crystal violet decolourisation assay. | the aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a new and accurate method for the detection of isoniazid (inh) and rifampicin (rif) resistance among mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates using a crystal violet decolourisation assay (cvda). fifty-five m. tuberculosis isolates obtained from culture stocks stored at -80ºc were tested. after bacterial inoculation, the samples were incubated at 37ºc for seven days and 100 µl of cv (25 mg/l stock solution) was then added to the control and s ... | 2014 | 24676667 |
| accuracy of the quantiferon-tb gold in tube for diagnosing tuberculosis in a young pediatric population previously vaccinated with bacille calmette-guérin . | to evaluate the accuracy of an interferongamma release assay (quantiferon-tb gold in tube) for diagnosing mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a young pediatric population. | 2014 | 24676183 |
| tuberculosis antigen-induced expression of ifn-α in tuberculosis patients inhibits production of il-1β. | the mechanism by which ifn-α regulates the host response to mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) infection in humans is poorly understood. in the present study, we found that freshly isolated pleural fluid mononuclear cells (pfmcs) from tuberculous pleural effusion but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) spontaneously expressed ifn-α and il-1β in vivo. in addition, exogenous ifn-α significantly inhibited production of il-1β in pfmcs after stimulation with bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg). ... | 2014 | 24675363 |
| conserved alanine rich protein rv3878 in mycobacterium tuberculosis contains sequence polymorphisms. | host immune pressure and associated parasite immune evasion are key features of host-pathogen co-evolution. a previous study showed that human t cell epitopes of mycobacterium tuberculosis are evolutionarily hyperconserved and thus it was deduced that m. tuberculosis lacks antigenic variation and immune evasion. here, we selected 162 clinical m. tuberculosis complex (mtbc) isolates from china, amplified gene encoding rv3878 and compared the sequences. the results showed that rv3878, a conserved ... | 2014 | 24674998 |
| updating the international standards for tuberculosis care. entering the era of molecular diagnostics. | the international standards for tuberculosis care, first published in 2006 (lancet infect dis 2006;6:710-725.) with a second edition in 2009 ( www.currytbcenter.ucsf.edu/international/istc_report ), was produced by an international coalition of organizations funded by the united states agency for international development. development of the document was led jointly by the world health organization and the american thoracic society, with the aim of promoting engagement of all care providers, esp ... | 2014 | 24673691 |
| exploitation of the macrophage mannose receptor (cd206) in infectious disease diagnostics and therapeutics. | the macrophage mannose receptor (mr, cd206) is a c-type lectin expressed predominantly by most tissue macrophages, dendritic cells and specific lymphatic or endothelial cells. it functions in endocytosis and phagocytosis, and plays an important role in immune homeostasis by scavenging unwanted mannoglycoproteins. more attention is being paid to its particularly high expression in tissue pathology sites during disease such the tumor microenvironment. the mr recognizes a variety of microorganisms ... | 2014 | 24672807 |
| novel dna chip based on a modified digitag2 assay for high-throughput species identification and genotyping of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates. | a multipurpose high-throughput genotyping tool for the assessment of recent epidemiological data and evolutional pattern in mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) clinical isolates was developed in this study. to facilitate processing, 51 highly informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were selected for discriminating the clinically most relevant mtbc species and genotyping m. tuberculosis into its principle genetic groups (pggs) and snp cluster groups (scgs). because of the high fl ... | 2014 | 24671786 |
| antibodies against mycobacterial proteins as biomarkers for hiv-associated smear-negative tuberculosis. | serology data are limited for patients with sputum smear-negative hiv-associated active tuberculosis (tb). we evaluated the serum antibody responses against the mycobacterial proteins mpt51, ms, and echa1 and the 38-kda protein via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in south african (s.a.) hiv-positive (hiv(+)) smear-negative tb patients (n = 56), u.s. hiv(+) controls with a positive tuberculin skin test (tst(+); n = 21), and s.a. hiv-negative (hiv(-)) (n = 18) and hiv(+) (n = 24) control ... | 2014 | 24671553 |
| evaluation of indirect drug susceptibility testing using the mods assay for the detection of xdr-tb in china. | the first affiliated hospital of nanchang university and the chest hospital of jiangxi province, jiangxi, china. | 2014 | 24670703 |
| characterisation of pyrazinamide-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in poland and germany. | pyrazinamide (pza) is an important first-line anti-tuberculosis drug that is generally administered with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin. | 2014 | 24670702 |
| new antituberculosis drugs, regimens, and adjunct therapies: needs, advances, and future prospects. | about 1·3 million people died of tuberculosis in 2012, despite availability of effective drug treatment. barriers to improvements in outcomes include long treatment duration (resulting in poor patient adherence and loss of patients to follow-up), complex regimens that involve expensive and toxic drugs, toxic effects when given with antiretroviral therapy, and multidrug resistance. after 50 years of no antituberculosis drug development, a promising pipeline is emerging through the repurposing of ... | 2014 | 24670627 |
| diagnostic dilemma: treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients with inconsistent rifampicin susceptibility. | a retrospective clinical trial to evaluate treatment outcomes in adults with smear-positive tuberculosis (tb) and discordant rifampicin (rmp) resistance results. | 2014 | 24670576 |
| development of a new ligation-mediated pcr method for the differentiation of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. | there is a need for rapid, inexpensive methods for analysing a limited number of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. the ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (lm-pcr) method appears to be sufficiently discriminative and reproducible to be considered as a molecular tool for the initial evaluation of hospital outbreaks, laboratory cross-contamination, and family or small community transmission. | 2014 | 24670566 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in the penitentiary system of kazakhstan. | a total of 60 mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates collected from patients in prisons in kazakhstan and 125 from the civilian sector were examined using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeat analysis in 2012. the proportion of tuberculosis strains with unique genotypes isolated from the civilian patients was 50.4%, while that in the prison patients was 31.7%. this difference was statistically significant (χ(2) 4.42, p 0.035), and may reflect a low genetic di ... | 2014 | 24670565 |
| the mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptional repressor ethr is negatively regulated by serine/threonine phosphorylation. | recent efforts have underlined the role of serine/threonine protein kinases (stpks) in growth, pathogenesis and cell wall metabolism in mycobacteria. herein, we demonstrated that the mycobacterium tuberculosis ethr, a transcriptional repressor that regulates the activation process of the antitubercular drug ethionamide (eth) is a specific substrate of the mycobacterial kinase pknf. eth is a prodrug that must undergo bioactivation by the monooxygenease etha to exert its antimycobacterial activity ... | 2014 | 24667600 |
| rv1027c-rv1028c encode functional kdpde two--component system in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | in mycobacteriumtuberculosis rv1027c-rv1028c genes are predicted to encode kdpde two component system, which is highly conserved across all bacterial species. here, we show that the system is functionally active and kdpd sensor kinase undergoes autophosphorylation and transfers phosphoryl group to kdpe, response regulator protein. we identified his(642) and asp(52) as conserved phosphorylation sites in kdpd and kdpe respectively and by spr analysis confirmed the physical interaction between them ... | 2014 | 24667597 |
| evaluation of customised lineage-specific sets of miru-vntr loci for genotyping mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in ghana. | different combinations of variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) loci have been proposed for genotyping mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc). existing vntr schemes show different discriminatory capacity among the six human mtbc lineages. here, we evaluated the discriminatory power of a "customized miru12" loci format proposed previously by comas et al. based on the standard 24 loci defined by supply et al. for vntr-typing of mtbc in ghana. | 2014 | 24667333 |
| there is no correlation between sublineages and drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis beijing/w lineage clinical isolates in xinjiang, china. | the beijing/w lineage strains are the major prevalent strains in china. the prevalence, mortality and drug-resistant rates of tuberculosis in xinjiang, northwestern china are higher than in other parts of the country. our previous study results showed that the dominant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) were 'beijing/w lineage' mtb in xinjiang; those strains had no significant correlation with drug resistance. we investigated whether the prevalence of 'beijing/w lineage' sublineage stra ... | 2015 | 24667051 |
| syntheses of new tuberculosis inhibitors promoted by microwave irradiation. | tuberculosis (tb) represents a major public health problem. the growing number of (extensively) multi-drug resistance cases indicates that there is an urgent need for discovery of new anti-tb entities, addressed towards new and specific targets, and continuous development of fast and efficient synthetic strategies to access them easily. microwave-assisted chemistry is well suited for small-scale laboratory synthetic work, allowing full control of reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressur ... | 2014 | 24666224 |
| looking back to the future: predicting in vivo efficacy of small molecules versus mycobacterium tuberculosis. | selecting and translating in vitro leads for a disease into molecules with in vivo activity in an animal model of the disease is a challenge that takes considerable time and money. as an example, recent years have seen whole-cell phenotypic screens of millions of compounds yielding over 1500 inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). these must be prioritized for testing in the mouse in vivo assay for mtb infection, a validated model utilized to select compounds for further testing. we demo ... | 2014 | 24665947 |
| [a case of spinal tuberculosis in a young filipino man]. | a 19-year-old filipino man was admitted to our hospital because of persisting fever and back pain. he had recognized his symptoms 6 months previously, but a definite diagnosis was not made. image testing demonstrated a compressed fracture of the thoracic vertebrae accompanied with a perivertebral abscess. a biopsy specimen revealed granuloma compatible with tuberculosis (tb). anti-tb drugs were initiated, and his clinical symptoms steadily improved. however, he developed neuropathic symptoms due ... | 2014 | 24665589 |
| interferon-gamma treatment kinetics among patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. | interferon-γ (ifn-γ) is essential for defence against mycobacterium tuberculosis; however, levels in patients with active tuberculosis (tb) and changes during treatment have not been documented in our tuberculosis patients in nigeria, hence this study has been carried out. | 2013 | 24665150 |
| an efficient alternative marker for specific identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | rapid and accurate identification of mycobacteria to the species level is important to provide epidemiological information and to guide the appropriate treatment, especially identification of the mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) which is the leading pathogen causing tuberculosis. the genetic marker named as mycobacterium tuberculosis specific sequence 90 (mtss90) was screened by a bioinformatics software and verified by a series of experiments. to test its specificity, 266 strains of microorgani ... | 2014 | 24664593 |
| early changes by (18)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography coregistered with computed tomography predict outcome after mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in cynomolgus macaques. | cynomolgus macaques infected with low-dose mycobacterium tuberculosis develop both active tuberculosis and latent infection similar to those of humans, providing an opportunity to study the clinically silent early events in infection. (18)fluorodeoxyglucose radiotracer with positron emission tomography coregistered with computed tomography (fdg pet/ct) provides a noninvasive method to measure disease progression. we sought to determine temporal patterns of granuloma evolution that distinguished ... | 2014 | 24664509 |
| identification of protein partners in mycobacteria using a single-step affinity purification method. | tuberculosis is a leading cause of death in developing countries. efforts are being made to both prevent its spread and improve curability rates. understanding the biology of the bacteria causing the disease, mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis), is thus vital. we have implemented improved screening methods for protein-protein interactions based on affinity purification followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. this method can be efficiently applied to both medium- and high-throughp ... | 2014 | 24664103 |
| a novel mechanism underlying the basic defensive response of macrophages against mycobacterium infection. | following inhalation of mycobacterium tuberculosis, including bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), pathogens enter and grow inside macrophages by taking advantage of their phagocytic mechanisms. macrophages often fail to eliminate intracellular m. tuberculosis, leading to the induction of host macrophage death. despite accumulating evidence, the molecular mechanisms underlying m. tuberculosis infection-induced cell death remain controversial. in this study, we show the involvement of two distinct pat ... | 2014 | 24663676 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of three oxazolidinones against nonreplicating mycobacterium tuberculosis. | oxazolidinones represent a new class of antituberculosis drugs that exert their function by inhibiting protein synthesis. here, we compared the activities of three oxazolidinones, linezolid, pnu-100480, and azd5847, against latent tuberculosis using a simple model employing the streptomycin-starved mycobacterium tuberculosis strain 18b. the in vitro drug susceptibility results showed that the three oxazolidinones had a bacteriostatic effect against actively growing bacilli but potent bactericida ... | 2014 | 24663022 |
| multiple toxin-antitoxin systems in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the hallmark of mycobacterium tuberculosis is its ability to persist for a long-term in host granulomas, in a non-replicating and drug-tolerant state, and later awaken to cause disease. to date, the cellular factors and the molecular mechanisms that mediate entry into the persistence phase are poorly understood. remarkably, m. tuberculosis possesses a very high number of toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems in its chromosome, 79 in total, regrouping both well-known (68) and novel (11) families, with som ... | 2014 | 24662523 |
| genomic insights into tuberculosis. | prevalent since pre-history, human tuberculosis - caused by the pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis - remains a major source of death worldwide. moreover, increasing drug resistance poses the threat of disease resurgence. however, the expanding application of genomic techniques is providing new avenues for combating this old foe. whole-genome sequencing, comparative genomics and systems biology are generating new insights into the origins and ongoing evolution of m. tuberculosis, as well as the ... | 2014 | 24662221 |
| evaluation of a modified direct agar proportion method for testing susceptibility of mycobacterium tuberculosis from mgit samples. | the emergence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis (tb) drugs has become an obstacle to effective tb control. thus, there is an urgent need to identify patients and initiate adequate treatment for drug-resistant cases in a timely manner. the bactec mgit 960 system is well known for its rapid culturing time, and is in widespread use in taiwan. in this study, we evaluated the possibility of replacing the traditional indirect agar proportion method with a modified direct agar proportion method (mdapm ... | 2016 | 24662015 |
| how we determined the most reliable solid medium for studying treatment of tuberculosis. | phase 2 clinical trials for tuberculosis (tb) treatment require reliable culture methods to determine presence or absence of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) over the course of therapy, as these trials are based primarily on bacteriological endpoints. we evaluate which of 5 solid media is most reliable: lowenstein-jensen (lj) egg-base medium and 4 middlebrook agar media (nonselective 7h10 and 7h11 and selective 7h10 and 7h11). we analyze 393 specimens from 50 hiv-negative ugandan adults with new ... | 2014 | 24661816 |
| symptom-based screening tool in ruling out active tuberculosis among hiv-infected patients eligible for isoniazid preventive therapy in tanzania. | we assessed the usefulness of the national tb and leprosy control program (ntlp) symptom-based tuberculosis (tb) screening tool in identifying hiv-infected patients eligible for isoniazid preventive therapy in muhimbili national hospital, dar es salaam tanzania. | 2014 | 24661648 |
| factors influencing polymerase chain reaction outcomes in patients with clinically suspected ocular tuberculosis. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay can be a useful method for definitive diagnosis in paucibacillary infections such as ocular tuberculosis (tb). in this study, we have evaluated factors affecting pcr outcomes in patients with clinically suspected ocular tb. patients with clinically suspected ocular tb were investigated by pcr of aqueous or vitreous samples. three control groups were also tested: group 1 included culture-proven non-tuberculous endophthalmitis, group 2 culture-negative non-tub ... | 2014 | 24661354 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis impairs dendritic cell functions through the serine hydrolase hip1. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly successful human pathogen that primarily resides in host phagocytes, such as macrophages and dendritic cells (dcs), and interferes with their functions. although multiple strategies used by m. tuberculosis to modulate macrophage responses have been discovered, interactions between m. tuberculosis and dcs are less well understood. dcs are the primary apcs of the immune system and play a central role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses to microbia ... | 2014 | 24659689 |
| papillon lefevre syndrome and footsteps of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | papillon lefevre syndrome ( pls ) is a very rare genetic syndrome that only less than 500 cases have reported in the world. patients have a typical cutaneous involvement with hyperkeratosis especially on the soles and palms and early shedding of primary teeth. internal organs involvement such as liver abscess has been presented as case reports. this is for the first time that a genetically documented pls with footsteps of mycobacterium tuberculosis in liver and kidney will report. | 2014 | 24659165 |
| either non-homologous ends joining or homologous recombination is required to repair double-strand breaks in the genome of macrophage-internalized mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the intracellular pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is constantly exposed to a multitude of hostile conditions and is confronted by a variety of potentially dna-damaging assaults in vivo, primarily from host-generated antimicrobial toxic radicals. exposure to reactive nitrogen species and/or reactive oxygen species causes different types of dna damage, including oxidation, depurination, methylation and deamination, that can result in single- or double-strand breaks (dsbs). these breaks a ... | 2014 | 24658131 |
| differential activation of dendritic cells by mycobacterium tuberculosis beijing genotype. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) inhibits dendritric cells (dc) function in order to delay t cell response. furthermore, there is increasing evidence that genetic diversity of mtb strains can affect their interaction with the immune system. beijing genotype has attracted attention because of its high prevalence and multi-drug resistance. although it is known that this genotype is hypervirulent and differentially activates macrophages when compared to other genotypes, little is known about its in ... | 2014 | 24654560 |
| genomes of two clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis from odisha, india. | we report whole-genome sequences of two clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in odisha, india. the sequence analysis revealed that these isolates are of an ancestral type and might represent some of the "pristine" isolates in india that have not admixed with other lineages. | 2014 | 24652981 |
| variants in the ifnγ transcription factor genes tbet, stat1, stat4, and hlx and the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in a colombian population: a case-control study. | interferon gamma (ifnγ) is the most potent cytokine involved in the control of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the etiological agent of human tuberculosis (tb). patients with active tb present reduced levels of ifnγ, which may explain the lack of effective immunity against mtb in these patients. the diminished expression of or functional alterations in trans-acting factors that regulate ifnγ gene expression may explain the reduced levels of ifnγ in tb patients. | 2014 | 24652136 |
| correlation between the response to mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and the tuberculin skin test in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in colombia. | rheumatoid arthritis patients under treatment with anti-tnf-α are at a high risk of developing active tuberculosis, and therefore, screening for latent tuberculosis infection is recommended before anti-tnf-α therapy. | 2014 | 24652132 |
| denigrins a-c: new antitubercular 3,4-diarylpyrrole alkaloids from dendrilla nigra. | chemical diversity is vital to antitubercular drug discovery as it ensures a novel bioactivity profile. marine sponges have so far provided more than 1000 new bioactive molecules. ethyl acetate extract of the marine sponge dendrilla nigra on bioactivity-guided screening yielded three new compounds denigrins a-c, with potent antitubercular activity. spectral and chemical analyses confirmed that these three compounds belong to the 3,4-diaryl pyrrole alkaloid category. the presence of monohydroxy s ... | 2014 | 24650250 |
| concordance between molecular and phenotypic testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates for resistance to rifampin and isoniazid in the united states. | multidrug-resistant (mdr) isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) are defined by resistance to at least rifampin (rmp) and isoniazid (inh). rapid and accurate detection of multidrug resistance is essential for effective treatment and interruption of disease transmission of tuberculosis (tb). overdiagnosis of mdr tb may result in treatment with second-line drugs that are more costly, less effective, and more poorly tolerated than first-line drugs. cdc offers rapid confirmation of md ... | 2014 | 24648563 |
| comparison of xpert mtb/rif with line probe assay for detection of rifampin-monoresistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the mtbdrplus line probe assay (lpa) and xpert mtb/rif have been endorsed by the world health organization for the rapid diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis. however, there is no clarity regarding the superiority of one over the other. in a double-blinded prospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of the xpert mtb/rif on samples that were first tested by lpa under the revised national tuberculosis control program of india. a total of 405 sputum samples from suspected drug-resistant tuberc ... | 2014 | 24648554 |
| the temporal dynamics of relapse and reinfection tuberculosis after successful treatment: a retrospective cohort study. | there is increasing evidence from tuberculosis high-burden settings that exogenous reinfection contributes considerably to recurrent disease. however, large longitudinal studies of endogenous reactivation (relapse) and reinfection tuberculosis are lacking. we hypothesize a relationship between relapse vs reinfection and the time between treatment completion and recurrent disease. | 2014 | 24647020 |
| tuberculosis among people living with hiv/aids in the german clinsurv hiv cohort: long-term incidence and risk factors. | tuberculosis (tb) still presents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with hiv/aids (plwha), including those on antiretroviral therapy. in this study, we aimed to determine the long-term incidence density rate (idr) of tb and risk factors among plwha in relation to combination antiretroviral therapy (cart)-status. | 2014 | 24646042 |
| enantiopure antituberculosis candidates synthesized from (-)-fenchone. | the synthesis of new enantiopure n-acyl compounds derived from (-)-fenchone has been performed. the evaluation of their in vitro activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv showed for most of them moderate activity. the structures bearing sulfonamide functionality have comparable activity to ethambutol and possess low cytotoxicity. | 2014 | 24642567 |
| pathogenesis and immune response in tuberculous meningitis. | cerebral tuberculosis is the most severe type of extrapulmonary disease that is in developing countries highly predominant in children. meningeal tuberculosis is the most common form and usually begins with respiratory infection followed by early haematogenous dissemination to extrapulmonary sites involving the brain. in comparison with the lung, mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a very different immune response when infect the central nervous system. herein, we review several aspects of the pa ... | 2014 | 24639606 |
| methylcitrate cycle defines the bactericidal essentiality of isocitrate lyase for survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis on fatty acids. | few mutations attenuate mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) more profoundly than deletion of its isocitrate lyases (icls). however, the basis for this attenuation remains incompletely defined. mtb's icls are catalytically bifunctional isocitrate and methylisocitrate lyases required for growth on even and odd chain fatty acids. here, we report that mtb's icls are essential for survival on both acetate and propionate because of its methylisocitrate lyase (mcl) activity. lack of mcl activity converts ... | 2014 | 24639517 |
| an experimental model to study tuberculosis-malaria coinfection upon natural transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis and plasmodium berghei. | coinfections naturally occur due to the geographic overlap of distinct types of pathogenic organisms. concurrent infections most likely modulate the respective immune response to each single pathogen and may thereby affect pathogenesis and disease outcome. coinfected patients may also respond differentially to anti-infective interventions. coinfection between tuberculosis as caused by mycobacteria and the malaria parasite plasmodium, both of which are coendemic in many parts of sub-saharan afric ... | 2014 | 24637905 |
| polytb: a genomic variation map for mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is the second major cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. recent advances in dna sequencing are leading to the ability to generate whole genome information in clinical isolates of m. tuberculosis complex (mtbc). the identification of informative genetic variants such as phylogenetic markers and those associated with drug resistance or virulence will help barcode mtb in the context of epidemiological, diagnostic and clini ... | 2014 | 24637013 |
| discovery and structure optimization of a series of isatin derivatives as mycobacterium tuberculosis chorismate mutase inhibitors. | in this study, the crystal structure of the mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) enzyme chorismate mutase (cm) bound to transition state analogue (pdb: 2fp2) was used as a framework for virtual screening of the bits-pilani in-house database (2500 compounds) to identify new scaffold. we identified isatin as novel small molecule mtb cm inhibitors; further twenty-four isatin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit mtb cm, and activity against m. tuberculosis as ... | 2014 | 24636345 |
| in silico prediction of protein-protein interactions in human macrophages. | protein-protein interaction (ppi) network analyses are highly valuable in deciphering and understanding the intricate organisation of cellular functions. nevertheless, the majority of available protein-protein interaction networks are context-less, i.e. without any reference to the spatial, temporal or physiological conditions in which the interactions may occur. in this work, we are proposing a protocol to infer the most likely protein-protein interaction (ppi) network in human macrophages. | 2014 | 24636261 |
| recent advances towards tuberculosis control: vaccines and biomarkers. | of all infectious diseases, tuberculosis (tb) remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality. recent advances in understanding the biology of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection and the immune response of the infected host have led to the development of several new vaccines, a number of which are already undergoing clinical trials. these include pre-exposure prime vaccines, which could replace bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), and pre-exposure booster vaccines given in a ... | 2014 | 24635488 |
| cell death paradigms in the pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | cell death or senescence is a fundamental event that helps maintain cellular homeostasis, shapes the growth of organism, and provides protective immunity against invading pathogens. decreased or increased cell death is detrimental both in infectious and non-infectious diseases. cell death is executed both by regulated enzymic reactions and non-enzymic sudden collapse. in this brief review we have tried to summarize various cell death modalities and their impact on the pathogenesis of mycobacteri ... | 2014 | 24634891 |
| isolation and evaluation of the enantiospecific antitubercular activity of a novel triazole compound. | cyclohex-3-enyl(5-phenyl-4h-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methanol (msdrt 12) is a novel triazole-based antitubercular compound with two chiral centers. to evaluate the enantiospecific antitubercular activity, the four stereoisomers were isolated using preparative chiral chromatography and the individual stereoisomers were evaluated using the resazurin microtiter assay method (rema) and a microbroth dilution technique against the mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv strain. isomer iii of msdrt 12 was found to ... | 2017 | 24634844 |
| qsar and molecular docking studies of oxadiazole-ligated pyrrole derivatives as enoyl-acp (coa) reductase inhibitors. | a quantitative structure-activity relationship model was developed on a series of compounds containing oxadiazole-ligated pyrrole pharmacophore to identify key structural fragments required for anti-tubercular activity. two-dimensional (2d) and three-dimensional (3d) qsar studies were performed using multiple linear regression (mlr) analysis and k-nearest neighbour molecular field analysis (knn-mfa), respectively. the developed qsar models were found to be statistically significant with respect ... | 2017 | 24634843 |
| functional dissection of intersubunit interactions in the espr virulence regulator of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the nucleoid-associated protein espr, a chromosome organizer, has pleiotropic effects on expression of genes associated with cell wall function and pathogenesis in mycobacterium tuberculosis. in particular, espr binds to several sites upstream of the espacd locus to promote its expression, thereby ensuring full function of the esx-1 secretion system, a major virulence determinant. the n terminus of espr contains the helix-turn-helix dna-binding domain, whereas the c-terminal dimerization domain ... | 2014 | 24633871 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes arthritis development through toll-like receptor 2. | rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a multifactorial disease caused by genetic and environmental factors: however, precise molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain largely unknown. treatment of ra patients with disease-modifying biological agents occasionally promotes mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or recurrence of m. tuberculosis, although how infection promotes arthritis has not been characterized. here, we found that arthritis phenotypes in a collagen-induced mouse model were ev ... | 2015 | 24633489 |
| mechanisms by which thioridazine in combination with antibiotics cures extensively drug-resistant infections of pulmonary tuberculosis. | advances recently introduced into the clinical mycobacteriology laboratory of the institute of hygiene and tropical medicine, such that a multi-drug resistant infection of pulmonary tuberculosis (mdr tb) can be identified within one day of receiving the sputum specimen, have greatly contributed to the reduction of the frequency of these infections. however, approximately 50% of reduced infections exhibit a phenotype that is consistent with that presented by an extensively drug-resistant (xdr) in ... | 2014 | 24632985 |
| genetic contribution of cish promoter polymorphisms to susceptibility to tuberculosis in chinese children. | tuberculosis (tb) is the leading cause of death due to an infectious disease worldwide, particularly in developing countries. a series of candidate genes have been suggested to be associated with development of tb disease. among them, the human cytokine-inducible src homology 2(sh2) domain protein (cish) gene has been very recently reported to be involved in t cell activation and differentiation in response to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. here, we studied the association between cish pr ... | 2014 | 24632804 |
| mycobacteria inactivation using engineered water nanostructures (ewns). | airborne transmitted pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) cause serious, often fatal infectious disease with enormous global health implications. due to their unique cell wall and slow growth, mycobacteria are among the most resilient microbial forms. herein we evaluate the ability of an emerging, chemical-free, nanotechnology-based method to inactivate m. parafortuitum (mtb surrogate). this method is based on the transformation of atmospheric water vapor into engineered water nano ... | 2014 | 24632246 |
| curcumin inhibits 19-kda lipoprotein of mycobacterium tuberculosis induced macrophage apoptosis via regulation of the jnk pathway. | recently, synthetic curcumin analogs are reported as potential active compounds against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). during the process of mtb infection, macrophages show increased apoptosis. the candidate virulence factors such as 19-kda lipoprotein secreted by the mtb (p19) strongly influences macrophages by activation of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks). it has been reported that curcumin could affect the apoptosis of tumor cells via regulation of ... | 2014 | 24631908 |
| study of card gene sequence in clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis growth rate is closely coupled to rrna transcription which is regulated through card gene. the aim of this study was to determine the sequence of card gene in drug susceptible and resistant clinical isolates of m. tuberculosis and designing of a pcr assay based on card sequence for rapid detection of this bacterium.specific primers for amplification of card gene were carefully designed, so that whole sequence of gene could be amplified; therefore primers were positione ... | 2014 | 24631749 |
| increased virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv overexpressing lipy in a murine model. | we have investigated the role of rv3097c-encoded lipase (lipy) on the virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis. it has been shown that the overexpression of lipy in strain h37rv induced increase in virulence of recombinant h37rv::lipy strain. compared to h37rv, infection with h37rv::lipy caused enhanced mortality, weight loss, bacterial load in lungs, splenomegaly, worsening lung morphology and pathology. mice immunized with recombinant lipy antigen were protected against challenge with h37rv::li ... | 2014 | 24631199 |
| esx1-dependent fractalkine mediates chemotaxis and mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans. | mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced cellular aggregation is essential for granuloma formation and may assist establishment and early spread of m. tuberculosis infection. the m. tuberculosis esx1 mutant, which has a non-functional type vii secretion system, induced significantly less production of the host macrophage-derived chemokine fractalkine (cx3cl1). upon infection of human macrophages esx1-dependent fractalkine production mediated selective recruitment of cd11b+ monocytic cells and increase ... | 2014 | 24631198 |
| synthesis and antimycobacterial activities of some new thiazolylhydrazone derivatives. | this letter reports the synthesis and evaluation of some thiazolylhydrazone derivatives for their in vitro antimycobacterial activities against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. the cytotoxic activities of all compounds were also evaluated. the compounds exhibited promising antimycobacterial activity with mics of 1.03-72.46 μm and weak cytotoxicity (8.9-36.8% at 50 μg/ml). among them, 1-(4-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzylidene)-2-(4-(4-nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazine 10 was found to be the most ... | 2014 | 24631185 |
| autophagy-targeted vaccine of lc3-lpqh dna and its protective immunity in a murine model of tuberculosis. | the development of more effective antituberculosis vaccines would contribute to the control of the global problem of infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). recently, the highlighted importance of autophagy in the host immune response against mtb has attracted the attention of researchers. however, the vaccines targeted at autophagy remain to be developed. in this study, we report on an autophagy-targeted vaccine of 19kda mtb lipoprotein (lpqh) dna that harbors another gene coding micro ... | 2014 | 24631071 |
| programmed death-1 receptor suppresses γ-ifn producing nkt cells in human tuberculosis. | ifn-γ biased th1 effector immune response is crucial for containment of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. various t cell subsets with regulatory function dictate the generation of th1 like cells. nkt cells are a specialized t cell subset known to be activated early in immune response and control t cell response via release of immunoregulatory cytokines like ifn-γ, il-4 and il-10. m. tuberculosis, with abundance of its cell wall lipids may potently activate nkt cells resulting in cytokine pro ... | 2014 | 24629634 |
| pharmacokinetics and dose response of anti-tb drugs in rat infection model of tuberculosis. | robust and physiologically relevant infection models are required to investigate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) correlations for anti-tuberculosis agents at preclinical discovery. we have validated an inhalation-based rat infection model of tuberculosis harbouring mycobacteria in a replicating state, that is suitable for investigating pharmacokinetics and drug action of anti-tubercular agents. a reproducible and actively replicating lung infection was established in wistar rats by inhal ... | 2014 | 24629633 |
| plant-derived recombinant immune complexes as self-adjuvanting tb immunogens for mucosal boosting of bcg. | progress with protein-based tuberculosis (tb) vaccines has been limited by poor availability of adjuvants suitable for human application. here, we developed and tested a novel approach to molecular engineering of adjuvanticity that circumvents the need for exogenous adjuvants. thus, we generated and expressed in transgenic tobacco plants the recombinant immune complexes (rics) incorporating the early secreted ag85b and the latency-associated acr antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis, genetically ... | 2014 | 24629003 |
| novel mycosin protease mycp₁ inhibitors identified by virtual screening and 4d fingerprints. | the rise of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis lends urgency to the need for new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (tb). the identification of a serine protease, mycosin protease-1 (mycp₁), as the crucial agent in hydrolyzing the virulence factor, esx-secretion-associated protein b (espb), potentially opens the door to new tuberculosis treatment options. using the crystal structure of mycobacterial mycp₁ in the apo form, we performed an iterative ligand- and structure-based virtual ... | 2014 | 24628123 |
| [resistance to first-line drugs and major genotypic lineages of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the 3 french department of the americas: profiles, evolution, and trends (1995-2011)]. | this is the first overview on resistant and multidrug resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating in the french department of the americas (guadeloupe, martinique, and french guiana) over 17 years (january 1995-december 2011). a total of 1,239 cases were studied: 1,199 new cases (primary and multidrug resistance of 11.8 and 1.6% respectively), and 40 persistent (defined as cases with a previous history of positive culture over 6 months interval and whose spoligotypes remain unch ... | 2014 | 24627041 |
| analysis of mutational characteristics of the drug-resistant gene katg in multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis l-form among patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the mutational characteristics of drug‑resistant genetic mutations in the katg gene to isoniazid (inh) in multi‑drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) l‑form among patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis (tb), in order to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance in patients, and gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying drug resistance in mdr‑tb l‑form. a total of 114 clinically isolated strains of mtb l‑forms ... | 2014 | 24626681 |
| autophagy-related irgm polymorphism is associated with mortality of patients with severe sepsis. | autophagy is the regulated catabolic process for recycling damaged or unnecessary organelles, which plays crucial roles in cell survival during nutrient deficiency, and innate immune defense against pathogenic microorganisms. autophagy has been also reported to be involved in various conditions including inflammatory diseases. irgm (human immunity-related gtpase) has an important function in eliminating mycobacterium tuberculosis from host cells via autophagy. we examined the association between ... | 2014 | 24626347 |
| the use of mycobacterium tuberculosis hspx and glcb proteins to identify latent tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients. | rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of articular cartilage and bone damage. the chronic treatment of ra patients causes a higher susceptibility to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (tb); one-third of the world's population is latently infected (ltbi) with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). the tuberculin skin test is used to identify individuals ltbi, but many studies have shown that this test is not suitable for ra patients. the goal of this ... | 2014 | 24626307 |
| tuberculosis vaccine development at a divide. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a major health threat that will only be defeated by a combination of better drugs, diagnostics and vaccines. the only licensed tb vaccine, bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), protects against extrapulmonary tb in infants. | 2014 | 24626237 |
| renal allograft tuberculosis with infected lymphocele transmitted from the donor. | transmission of tuberculosis (tb) from a donor through renal transplantation is a rare incident. we are reporting a 53-year-old qatari woman diagnosed with renal allograft tb infection. the disease was confirmed by isolation of mycobacterium tuberculosis from fluid from the lymphocele and demonstration of caseating granuloma in graft biopsy with acid-fast bacilli seen on ziehl-neelsen staining. the diagnosis was made quite early post-transplantation. the presence of the granuloma, which is unusu ... | 2014 | 24626006 |
| estimation of sensitivity and specificity of bacteriology, histopathology and pcr for the confirmatory diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis using latent class analysis. | bacteriology and histopathology are the most commonly used tests used for official confirmatory diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in cattle in most countries. pcr is also being used increasingly because it allows a fast diagnosis. this test could be applied as a supplement to or replacement for current btb confirmatory diagnostic tests but its characteristics have first to be evaluated. the aim of this study was to estimate and compare sensitivities and specificities of bacteriology, histop ... | 2014 | 24625670 |
| high rates of potentially infectious tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) among hospital inpatients in kwazulu natal, south africa indicate risk of nosocomial transmission. | nosocomial transmission has been implicated as a key factor in the outbreak of extensively drug resistant (xdr) and multidrug-resistant (mdr-tb) tuberculosis at church of scotland hospital (cosh), in kwazulu-natal (kzn), south africa. the aim of this study was to quantify the burden of potentially infectious tuberculosis and the proportion of drug resistance among hospital inpatients throughout the province of kzn. | 2014 | 24625669 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of novel n' (4-aryloxybenzylidene)- 1h-benzimidazole-2 carbohydrazide derivatives as anti-tubercular agents. | a series of structurally novel, (e)-n'-(4-aryloxybenzylidene)-1h-benzimidazole-2-carbohydrazide derivatives were synthesized by molecular hybridization technique. all these compounds were evaluated against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv strains using resazurin microtiter assay (rema) method. these compounds showed good antituberculosis activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) value of the range of 1.5-25 µg/ml. | 2014 | 24625232 |
| biosynthesis of mycobacterial lipids by polyketide synthases and beyond. | over a decade ago, the analysis of the complete sequence of the genome of the human pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed an unexpectedly high number of open reading frames encoding proteins with homology to polyketide synthases (pkss). pkss form a large family of fascinating multifunctional enzymes best known for their involvement in the biosynthesis of hundreds of polyketide natural products with diverse biological activities. the surprising polyketide biosynthesis capacity of m. tuberc ... | 2016 | 24625105 |
| single nucleotide polymorphic macrophage cytokine regulation by mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug treatment. | to investigate the survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis in primary macrophages with snps affecting cytokine secretion under treatment with drugs in solution or microparticles. | 2014 | 24624917 |
| optimal combination of vntr typing for discrimination of isolated mycobacterium tuberculosis in korea. | variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) typing is a promising method to discriminate the mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in molecular epidemiology. the purpose of this study is to determine the optimal vntr combinations for discriminating isolated m. tuberculosis strains in korea. | 2014 | 24624214 |
| repurposing the chemical scaffold of the anti-arthritic drug lobenzarit to target tryptophan biosynthesis in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the emergence of extensively drug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) highlights the need for new therapeutics to treat tuberculosis. we are attempting to fast-track a targeted approach to drug design by generating analogues of a validated hit from molecular library screening that shares its chemical scaffold with a current therapeutic, the anti-arthritic drug lobenzarit (lbz). our target, anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase (anprt), is an enzyme from the tryptophan biosynth ... | 2014 | 24623674 |