| role of pre-xpert® screening using chest x-ray in early diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. | in a sub-district level hospital in south india, the proportion of patients with abnormal chest x-ray (cxr) was evaluated among smear-negative, xpert® mtb/rif (xpert) positive individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) symptoms; 384 smear-negative ptb individuals with ptb symptoms and without a history of anti-tuberculosis treatment underwent cxr and xpert testing of one sputum specimen. of 378 individuals with both xpert and cxr results available, 14 were positive for mycobacterium tuberculo ... | 2014 | 25216840 |
| phylogenetic associations with drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a paediatric population. | department of microbiology, national institute of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, new delhi, india. | 2014 | 25216830 |
| assessment of the genotype mtbdrplus assay for rifampin and isoniazid resistance detection on sputum samples in cote d'ivoire. | we conducted an evaluation study on the genotype mtbdrplus assay's ability to detect mutations conferring resistance to rifampin and isoniazid directly from sputum taken from 120 smear positive pulmonary patients from tuberculosis (tb) centers in cote d'ivoire. the sputum was decontaminated by n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nalc) and comparatively analyzed with the mtbdrplus assay version 2.0 and the mycobacterial growth indicator tube (mgit) 960 automated drug susceptibility testing (mgit-dst). the gene- ... | 2014 | 25215193 |
| modeling tuberculosis in nonhuman primates. | nonhuman primates have emerged as an excellent model of human tuberculosis, in large part because they recapitulate the full spectrum of infection outcome and pathology seen in humans. several variables inherent to the nonhuman primate models of tuberculosis are discussed in this review, including the monkey species, mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, and routes of infection, all of which can influence the model to be chosen for various studies. new technologies for studying the microbiology, i ... | 2014 | 25213189 |
| [reply to "emergent strains of rifampicin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and susceptibility to isoniazid"]. | | 2015 | 25212828 |
| whole-genome sequencing of streptomycin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate vrfcwcf mrtb 180 reveals novel and potential mutations for resistance. | we announce the draft genome sequence of a streptomycin monoresistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strain (vrfcwcf mrtb 180) isolated from sputum of a clinically suspected tuberculosis patient. | 2014 | 25212629 |
| prevalence of drug resistance in clinical isolates of tuberculosis from gcc: a literature review from january 2002 to march 2013. | the prevalence of drug resistance in clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis from the gulf cooperation council (gcc; saudi arabia, qatar, bahrain, kuwait, oman, united arab emirates [uae]) countries was appraised using reports published between january 2002 and march 2013. | 2014 | 25212078 |
| development of vaccines to control the worldwide tuberculosis pandemic. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection and tuberculosis (tb) disease are major public health problems. available bcg vaccines are partially effective against severe disease, but have not reduced the overall prevalence of tb infection and disease. a third of the world's population is latently infected with mtb, and therefore more effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are urgently needed. the hoft laboratory and the saint louis university center for vaccine development (slucvd) are a ... | 2014 | 25211863 |
| tuberculosis distorts the inhibitory impact of interleukin-10 in hiv infection. | this study aimed to assess how mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) coinfection alters the impact of interleukin-10 in chronic hiv infection. | 2014 | 25211438 |
| treating tuberculosis in solid organ transplant recipients. | to summarize recent findings in the management of active tuberculosis (tb) in solid organ transplant (sot) recipients. | 2014 | 25211360 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis dosr is required for activity of the pmbtb and pmbti promoters under hypoxia. | mycobacterium tuberculosis has the ability to survive for extended periods of time under conditions of low oxygen, low ph, low iron and low nutrients. the mycobactins (m. tuberculosis siderophores) play a key role in scavenging iron from the environment and are induced in response to low iron in an ider-regulated manner. we demonstrate that the promoters of two mycobactin gene (mbt) operons are also expressed during adaptation to low oxygen, and that this expression is dependent on the dosr regu ... | 2014 | 25211224 |
| development of inhibitors of the 2c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway enzymes as potential anti-infective agents. | important pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and plasmodium falciparum, the causative agents of tuberculosis and malaria, respectively, and plants, utilize the 2c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (mep, 5) pathway for the biosynthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate (1) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (2), the universal precursors of isoprenoids, while humans exclusively utilize the alternative mevalonate pathway for the synthesis of 1 and 2. this distinct distribution, together with the fact t ... | 2014 | 25210872 |
| heterologous immunological effects of early bcg vaccination in low-birth-weight infants in guinea-bissau: a randomized-controlled trial. | bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) seems to have beneficial nonspecific effects; early bcg vaccination of low-birth-weight (lbw) newborns reduces neonatal mortality by >40% due to prevention of primarily septicemia and pneumonia. | 2015 | 25210141 |
| comparison of a semiautomated commercial repetitive-sequence-based pcr method with spoligotyping, 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat typing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism-based analysis of is6110 for mycobacterium tuberculosis typing. | fifty-two multidrug-resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis representative of the currently predominant lineages in france were analyzed using repetitive-sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) diversilab (dl), spoligotyping, 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat typing (miru-vntr), and restriction fragment length polymorphism of is6110 (is6110-rflp). dl, as opposed to miru-vntr and is6110-rflp analysis, did not allow discrimination among half of the iso ... | 2014 | 25210067 |
| benefits of bcg vaccination other than protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | | 2014 | 25209184 |
| no proof that bcg protects against infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | | 2014 | 25209156 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis as cause of a cerebral spindle cell tumor in an hiv patient. | | 2015 | 25207620 |
| tuberculosis screening of new hospital employees: compliance, clearance to work time, and cost using tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assays. | selection of the most suitable test(s) for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb) infection should be based on purpose, setting, effectiveness, and cost. two tests are available to screen for latent tb: the tuberculin skin test (tst) and the more recent interferon-gamma release assays (igras). based on the administrative, logistic, and technical ease of use, an igra trial was initiated by the occupational health department at an urban veteran's administration health care facility for tb sc ... | 2014 | 25207587 |
| infections caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) infections are uncommon in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. these infections are 10-40 times commoner in recipients of stem cell transplantation than in the general population but they are 10 times less in stem cell transplantation recipients compared to solid organ transplant recipients. the incidence of m. tuberculosis infections in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation ranges between <1 and 16% and varies consider ... | 2014 | 25207262 |
| thiol modified chitosan self-assembled monolayer platform for nucleic acid biosensor. | a self-assembled monolayer (sam) of thiol modified chitosan (sh-chit), with thioglycolic acid (tga) as a modifier to bestow thiol groups, has been prepared onto gold (au)-coated glass plates for fabrication of the nucleic acid biosensor. the chemical modification of chit via tga has been evidenced by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) studies, and the biocompatibility studies reveal that chit retains its biocompatible nature after chemical modification. the electrochemical studies c ... | 2014 | 25205172 |
| bedaquiline: a novel antitubercular agent for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. | bedaquiline is a diarylquinoline antitubercular drug with a novel mechanism of action against mycobacterium tuberculosis. bedaquiline works by inhibiting bacterial adenosine triphosphate (atp) synthase and represents the first novel class of antituberculosis agents in more than 40 years. bedaquiline is indicated for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr tb) in combination with at least three other antitubercular drugs when no other effective regimen is available. the recommended ... | 2014 | 25203970 |
| a distinct maoc-like enoyl-coa hydratase architecture mediates cholesterol catabolism in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) igr operon plays an essential role in mtb cholesterol metabolism, which is critical for pathogenesis during the latent stage of mtb infection. here we report the first structure of a heterotetrameric maoc-like enoyl-coa hydratase, chsh1-chsh2, which is encoded by two adjacent genes from the igr operon. we demonstrate that chsh1-chsh2 catalyzes the hydration of a steroid enoyl-coa, 3-oxo-4,17-pregnadiene-20-carboxyl-coa, in the modified β-oxidation pathway for ... | 2014 | 25203216 |
| first baseline of circulating genotypic lineages of mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients from the brazilian borders with argentina and paraguay. | at the triple border brazil/paraguay/argentina there is easy mobility from one city to another for economic and tourism activities. this constant and fast population mobility is mainly to visit iguazu falls, in the iguazu river, on the border of the brazilian state of paraná and the argentina. as the incidence of tuberculosis is high in this setting, our study aimed to establish a first baseline of circulating genotypic lineages of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2014 | 25202909 |
| isoniazid induces apoptosis of activated cd4+ t cells: implications for post-therapy tuberculosis reactivation and reinfection. | tuberculosis (tb) remains the second highest killer from a single infectious disease worldwide. current therapy of tb is lengthy and consists of multiple expensive antibiotics, in a strategy referred to as directly observed treatment, short course (dots). although this therapy is effective, it has serious disadvantages. these therapeutic agents are toxic and are associated with the development of a variety of drug-resistant tb strains. furthermore, patients treated with dots exhibit enhanced pos ... | 2014 | 25202011 |
| macrophage arginase-1 controls bacterial growth and pathology in hypoxic tuberculosis granulomas. | lung granulomas develop upon mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection as a hallmark of human tuberculosis (tb). they are structured aggregates consisting mainly of mtb-infected and -uninfected macrophages and mtb-specific t cells. the production of no by granuloma macrophages expressing nitric oxide synthase-2 (nos2) via l-arginine and oxygen is a key protective mechanism against mycobacteria. despite this protection, tb granulomas are often hypoxic, and bacterial killing via nos2 in these con ... | 2014 | 25201986 |
| advances in diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. | in the united states, latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi) affects between 10 and 15 million people, of whom 10% may develop active tuberculosis disease. people at increased risk for tuberculosis reactivation include recent immigrants from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis, children younger than age 5, people who have been infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis within the past 2 years, or people with immunosuppression for a variety of reasons. appropriate diagnosis and treatment ... | 2015 | 25201941 |
| direct regulation of topoisomerase activity by a nucleoid-associated protein. | the topological homeostasis of bacterial chromosomes is maintained by the balance between compaction and the topological organization of genomes. two classes of proteins play major roles in chromosome organization: the nucleoid-associated proteins (naps) and topoisomerases. the naps bind dna to compact the chromosome, whereas topoisomerases catalytically remove or introduce supercoils into the genome. we demonstrate that hu, a major nap of mycobacterium tuberculosis specifically stimulates the d ... | 2014 | 25200077 |
| [the effects of curcumin on the 19 000 mycobacterium tuberculosis protein-induced inflammatory and apoptotic reaction and the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in wbc264-9c macrophages]. | by using the cell wall component of mycobacterium tuberculosis 19 000 lipoprotein (p19) and curcumin (cur) acting on the human macrophage cell line wbc264-9c, and by the blocking of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 mapk) signaling pathway, we wanted to investigate the effect of curcumin on p19-induced inflammatory responses and apoptosis in human macrophages and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. | 2014 | 25200041 |
| nicotinamidase/pyrazinamidase of mycobacterium tuberculosis forms homo-dimers stabilized by disulfide bonds. | recombinant wild-pyrazinamidase from h37rv mycobacterium tuberculosis was analyzed by gel electrophoresis under differential reducing conditions to evaluate its quaternary structure. pzase was fractionated by size exclusion chromatography under non-reducing conditions. pzase activity was measured and mass spectrometry analysis was performed to determine the identity of proteins by de novo sequencing and to determine the presence of disulfide bonds. this study confirmed that m. tuberculosis wild ... | 2014 | 25199451 |
| decontamination methods for samples preserved in cetylpyridinium chloride and cultured on thin-layer agar. | long transportation times of samples to culture laboratories can lead to higher contamination rates and significant loss of viability, resulting in lower culture positivity rates. thin-layer agar (tla) is a sensitive culture method for the isolation of mycobacterium tuberculosis that has been optimised with n-acetyl-l-cysteine-sodium hydroxide (nalc-naoh) decontaminated samples. the combination of the tla culture method and other decontamination procedures has not been extensively validated. | 2014 | 25199014 |
| xpert(®) mtb/rif assay for tuberculosis diagnosis: evaluation in an indian setting. | the present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the xpert(®) mtb/rif assay and compare xpert results with solid and mgit 960 liquid culture system. a total of 134 patients who had failed the category i or ii regimen were recruited for evaluation. xpert correctly identified all mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. the sensitivity and specificity of the xpert assay for the detection of rifampicin resistance was respectively 98.2% and 97.0% when compared with mgit 960 results. | 2014 | 25199011 |
| mass treatment to eliminate tuberculosis from an island population. | the global target of tuberculosis (tb) elimination by 2050 requires new approaches. active case finding plus mass prophylactic treatment has been disappointing. we consider mass full anti-tuberculosis treatment as an approach to tb elimination in kiribati, a pacific island nation, with a persistent epidemic of high tb incidence. | 2014 | 25199002 |
| practical biosafety in the tuberculosis laboratory: containment at the source is what truly counts. | in industrialised countries, sufficient resources for establishing and maintaining fully equipped biosafety level 3 (bsl-3) laboratories according to international standards are generally available. bsl-3 laboratories are designed to provide several layers of containment to protect the laboratory worker as well as the outside environment and community from risk of exposure in case of local contamination. however, such facilities are scarce in high-burden settings, primarily due to the high finan ... | 2014 | 25199000 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates the gene interactions to activate the hiv replication and faster disease progression in a co-infected host. | understanding of the chronic immune activation, breakdown of immune defense and synergistic effect between hiv and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) may provide essential information regarding key factors involved in the pathogenesis of hiv disease. in this study, we aimed to highlight a few of the immunological events that may influence and accelerate the progression of hiv disease in the presence of co-infecting mtb. a cross-sectional study was performed on cohorts, including anti-tubercular th ... | 2014 | 25198707 |
| increased expression of forkhead box protein 3 gene of regulatory t cells in patients with active tuberculosis. | cell mediated immunity is the most important response against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). regulatory t cells (treg) play a vital role in suppressing the effector t cell response in tuberculosis (tb) patients. forkhead box protein 3 (foxp3) is an important regulator of treg cells development and function. in this study, we showed that the expression of foxp3 gene in treg cells is increased in patients with active tuberculosis. in a case-control study, 183 tb patients and 183 controls were r ... | 2014 | 25198706 |
| genomic variability of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the euro-american lineage based on large sequence deletions and 15-locus miru-vntr polymorphism. | a sample of 260 mycobacterium tuberculosis strains assigned to the euro-american family was studied to identify phylogenetically informative genomic regions of difference (rd). mutually exclusive deletions of regions rd115, rd122, rd174, rd182, rd183, rd193, rd219, rd726 and rd761 were found in 202 strains; the rd(rio) deletion was detected exclusively among the rd174-deleted strains. although certain deletions were found more frequently in certain spoligotype families (i.e., deletion rd115 in t ... | 2014 | 25197794 |
| natural killer cells: a coherent model for their functional role in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | tuberculosis is still a leading cause of bacterial infection worldwide, with an estimate of over two billion people latently infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). a delicate interplay between mtb and the host's innate and acquired immune system can influence the outcome of the infection, which ranges from pathogen elimination to the establishment of a latent infection or a progressive disease. although the host cell-mediated adaptive immune response is of vital importance in the contro ... | 2015 | 25196698 |
| mutational and structural study of ripa, a key enzyme in mycobacterium tuberculosis cell division: evidence for the l-to-d inversion of configuration of the catalytic cysteine. | ripa is a key cysteine protease of mycobacterium tuberculosis as it is responsible for bacterial daughter-cell separation. although it is an important target for antimicrobial development, its mechanism of action and its interaction pattern with its substrate are hitherto unknown. by combining crystallographic and mutational studies with functional assays and molecular modelling, it is shown that the catalytic activity of the enzyme relies on a cys-his-glu triad and the impact of the mutation of ... | 2014 | 25195744 |
| nuclear imaging: a powerful novel approach for tuberculosis. | nearly 20 years after the world health organization declared tuberculosis (tb) a global public health emergency, tb still remains a major global threat with 8.6 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths annually. mycobacterium tuberculosis adapts to a quiescent physiological state, and is notable for complex interaction with the host, producing poorly-understood disease states ranging from latent infection to fully active disease. of the approximately 2.5 billion people latently infected with m. ... | 2017 | 25195017 |
| 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin d3 downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokine response in pulmonary tuberculosis. | 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin d3 [1,25(oh)2d3] is a potent immunomodulator and regulates various immune responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). the present study aimed to understand the effect of 1,25(oh)2d3 on pro-inflammatory cytokine response to mtb antigen. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 42 healthy controls (hcs) and 42 pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) patients were cultured with culture filtrate antigen (cfa) of mtb with and without 1,25(oh)2d3 at 10(-7)m concentration for 72 h. the le ... | 2014 | 25194676 |
| il-27 inhibits ifn-γ induced autophagy by concomitant induction of jak/pi3 k/akt/mtor cascade and up-regulation of mcl-1 in mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv infected macrophages. | interleukin-27 (il-27), a key immunoregulatory cytokine plays an important role in host response to mycobacterial infection as neutralization of il-27 augments intracellular killing of mycobacteria. autophagy has a pivotal role in host immunity and is regulated by various cytokines. here, we report that il-27 inhibits ifn-γ and starvation induced autophagy and as a result blocks phagosome maturation and promotes intracellular survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. addition of exogenous il ... | 2014 | 25194337 |
| a luciferase-based assay for rapid assessment of drug activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis including monitoring of macrophage viability. | the intracellular (ic) effect of drugs against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is not well established but increasingly important to consider when combining current and future multidrug regimens into the best possible treatment strategies. for this purpose, we developed an ic model based on a genetically modified mtb h37rv strain, expressing the vibrio harvei luciferase (h37rv-lux) infecting the human macrophage like cell line thp-1. cells were infected at a low multiplicity of infection (1:1) ... | 2014 | 25194234 |
| circulating b-lymphocytes as potential biomarkers of tuberculosis infection activity. | accurate biomarkers of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection activity would significantly improve early diagnosis, treatment and management of m. tuberculosis infection. we hypothesised that circulating b-lymphocytes may be useful biomarkers of tuberculosis (tb) infection status in highly tb-endemic settings. ex-vivo and in-vitro mycobacteria-specific b-cell elispot assays were used to examine the plasmablast (pb) and memory b-cell (mbc) responses in the peripheral blood of adult, healthy, commun ... | 2014 | 25192196 |
| diagnostic accuracy of computer-aided detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in chest radiographs: a validation study from sub-saharan africa. | chest radiography to diagnose and screen for pulmonary tuberculosis has limitations, especially due to inter-reader variability. automating the interpretation has the potential to overcome this drawback and to deliver objective and reproducible results. the cad4tb software is a computer-aided detection system that has shown promising preliminary findings. evaluation studies in different settings are needed to assess diagnostic accuracy and practicability of use. | 2014 | 25192172 |
| anti tuberculosis drug resistance in west of iran. | mycobacterium tuberculosis has developed resistance to antituberculosis drugs and becoming a major and alarming public health problem in worldwide. this study was aimed to determine antituberculosis drug resistance rate and to identify multidrug resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) in west of iran. | 2014 | 25191052 |
| diversity and evolution of mycobacterium tuberculosis: moving to whole-genome-based approaches. | genotyping of clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) strains has become a standard tool for epidemiological tracing and for the investigation of the local and global strain population structure. of special importance is the analysis of the expansion of multidrug (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) strains. classical genotyping and, more recently, whole-genome sequencing have revealed that the strains of the mtbc are more diverse than previously anticipated. globally, several p ... | 2014 | 25190252 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific memory nkt cells in patients with tuberculous pleurisy. | natural killer t (nkt) cells from mouse and human play a protective role in the immune responses against the infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis. however, the characteristic of cd3(+)tcrvβ11(+) nkt cells at the local site of m. tuberculosis infection remains poorly defined. in the present study, we found that the numbers of cd3(+)tcrvβ11(+) nkt cells in pleural fluid mononuclear cells (pfmcs) were significantly lower than those in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). however, cd3(+)tc ... | 2014 | 25190196 |
| rifampicin resistance mutations in the 81 bp rrdr of rpob gene in mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates using xpert® mtb/rif in kampala, uganda: a retrospective study. | introduction of xpert® mtb/rif assay has revolutionalised the diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb) by simultaneously detecting the bacteria and resistance to rifampicin (rif), a surrogate marker for multi-drug resistant tb (mdr-tb) as well as one of the principal first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. in general, rpob mutations can be found in 96.1% of rif-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strains worldwide and these mutations usually are located in a region at the 507-533rd amino acid residuals ... | 2014 | 25190040 |
| draft genome sequences of the mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical strains a2 and a4, isolated from a relapse patient in taiwan. | the recurrence rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis in taiwan is 3%. here, we present the draft genome sequences of m. tuberculosis strains a2 and a4 from a relapse patient. the draft genome sequences comprise 4,443,031 bp and 4,487,096 bp, revealing 4,220 and 4,143 coding sequences for a2 and a4, respectively, as well as 49 trna genes for the both isolates. | 2014 | 25189576 |
| molecular epidemiology and mapping of tuberculosis in israel: do migrants transmit the disease to locals? | israel receives migrants from various countries, some of which have high tuberculosis (tb) prevalence. | 2014 | 25189557 |
| congenital tuberculosis and management of exposure in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. | this report describes the management and outcome of neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) and paediatric icu (picu) exposure to a 26-day-old premature infant with congenital tuberculosis (tb). | 2014 | 25189553 |
| rapid impact of effective treatment on transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. | effective treatment for drug-susceptible tuberculosis (tb) rapidly renders patients non-infectious, long before conversion of sputum acid-fast smear or culture to negative. multidrug-resistant tb (mdr-tb) patients on treatment are currently assumed to remain infectious for months. while the resources required for prolonged hospitalization are a barrier to the scale-up of mdr-tb treatment, the safety of community treatment is clear. | 2014 | 25189547 |
| emerging novel and antimicrobial-resistant respiratory tract infections: new drug development and therapeutic options. | the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens for which diminishing treatment options are available is of major global concern. new viral respiratory tract infections with epidemic potential, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, swine-origin influenza a h1n1, and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, require development of new antiviral agents. the substantial rise in the global numbers of patients with respiratory tract infect ... | 2014 | 25189352 |
| [job's syndrome and miliary tuberculosis]. | the hyper immunoglobulin e syndrome, also known as job's syndrome, is a rare primary immunodeficiency, its mechanisms of inheritance maybe recessive or dominant autosomal. it is characterized by high levels of ige, eosinophilia, skin abscesses, eczema, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and recurrent pulmonary infections all of which contribute to the development of pneumatoceles and bronchiectasis. the most frequently isolated bacteria is staphylococcus aureus. currently, despite the highest sur ... | 2014 | 25188660 |
| moxifloxacin resistance in the f15/lam4/kzn extensively drug-resistant strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | moxifloxacin (mxf) has been advocated for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tuberculosis despite resistance to older-generation fluoroquinolones. we investigated the relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of mxf and mutations in the gyra and gyrb genes in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) isolates from kwazulu-natal (kzn) province of south africa. | 2014 | 25187730 |
| type i ifn induces il-10 production in an il-27-independent manner and blocks responsiveness to ifn-γ for production of il-12 and bacterial killing in mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages. | tuberculosis, caused by the intracellular bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis, currently causes ∼1.4 million deaths per year, and it therefore remains a leading global health problem. the immune response during tuberculosis remains incompletely understood, particularly regarding immune factors that are harmful rather than protective to the host. overproduction of the type i ifn family of cytokines is associated with exacerbated tuberculosis in both mouse models and in humans, although the mecha ... | 2014 | 25187652 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes anti-apoptotic activity of the macrophage by ptpa protein-dependent dephosphorylation of host gsk3α. | mycobacterium tuberculosis tyrosine phosphatase ptpa inhibits two key cellular events in macrophages required for the elimination of invading organisms, phagosome acidification, and maturation. kinome analysis revealed multiple ptpa-dependent changes to the phosphorylation status of macrophage proteins upon m. tuberculosis infection. among those proteins we show that ptpa dephosphorylates gsk3α on amino acid tyr(279), which leads to modulation of gsk3α anti-apoptotic activity, promoting pathogen ... | 2014 | 25187516 |
| [molecular dissection of mycobacterium tuberculosis-containing phagosomes]. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular bacterium that can proliferate within phagocytosed macrophages. m. tuberculosis gains this ability by inhibiting phagolysosome biogenesis. on the other hand, autophagy induction can eliminate infected mycobacteria in macrophages. numerous reports have demonstrated the mechanism of membrane trafficking in macrophages infected with mycobacteria to elucidate how m. tuberculosis proliferates within macrophages. in this review, we make a commentary on th ... | 2014 | 25186642 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis dysregulates mmp/timp balance to drive rapid cavitation and unrestrained bacterial proliferation. | active tuberculosis (tb) often presents with advanced pulmonary disease, including irreversible lung damage and cavities. cavitary pathology contributes to antibiotic failure, transmission, morbidity and mortality. matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), in particular mmp-1, are implicated in tb pathogenesis. we explored the mechanisms relating mmp/timp imbalance to cavity formation in a modified rabbit model of cavitary tb. our model resulted in consistent progression of consolidation to human-like c ... | 2015 | 25186281 |
| molecular detection and characterization of resistant genes in mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from dna isolated from tuberculosis patients in the eastern cape province south africa. | tuberculosis (tb) in both animals and humans is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) primarily transmitted by inhalation of aerosolized droplets containing the organism. multi-drug resistance (mdr) and extensive drug resistance (xdr) are evolutionary features of mycobacterium tuberculosis to subvert the antibiotic regimes in place. the heavy burden of tb worsened by hiv endemic in south africa motivated for the investigation of mtbc prevalence among tb patients in port elizabeth a ... | 2014 | 25186245 |
| characterization of extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in siberia. | the spread of multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) mycobacterium tuberculosis compromises effective control of tuberculosis (tb) in siberia. early identification of drug-resistant isolates is, therefore, crucial for effective treatment of this disease. the aim of this study was to conduct drug susceptibility testing and identify mutations in drug resistance genes in clinical isolates of m. tuberculosis from some tb patients presenting for treatment in siberia. | 2014 | 25186134 |
| evaluating indeterminate interferon-γ-release assay results in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases receiving immunosuppressive therapy. | to analyze the rate of indeterminate interferon-γ-release assay (specifically the quantiferon-tb gold in-tube [qft-git]) testing for mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with chronic inflammatory disease (cid) compared with the general hospital population (gh) and a healthy reference group of hospital employees (hr), and to analyze factors associated with an indeterminate test result. | 2015 | 25186123 |
| assessment of the novel t-cell activation marker-tuberculosis assay for diagnosis of active tuberculosis in children: a prospective proof-of-concept study. | the diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis is complicated by non-specific symptoms, difficult specimen collection, and the paucibacillary nature of the disease. we assessed the accuracy of a novel immunodiagnostic t-cell activation marker-tuberculosis (tam-tb) assay in a proof-of-concept study to identify children with active tuberculosis. | 2014 | 25185458 |
| rapid detection of mdr-mycobacterium tuberculosis using modified pcr-sscp from clinical specimens. | to design a rapid test to detect the rifampin (rif) and isoniazid (inh) resistant mutant based on polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (pcr-sscp) technique that analyzes the katg, rpob genes. | 2014 | 25183075 |
| nitrotriazole- and imidazole-based amides and sulfonamides as antitubercular agents. | twenty-three 3-nitrotriazole-based and 2-nitroimidazole-based amides and sulfonamides were screened for antitubercular (anti-tb) activity in aerobic mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv by using the bactiter-glo (btg) microbial cell viability assay. in general, 3-nitrotriazole-based sulfonamides demonstrated anti-tb activity, whereas 3-nitrotriazole-based amides and 2-nitroimidazole-based amides and sulfonamides were inactive. three 3-nitrotriazole-based sulfonamides (compounds 4, 2, and 7) demonstr ... | 2014 | 25182645 |
| comment on: clinical significance of 2 h plasma concentrations of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs: a prospective observational study. | | 2015 | 25182065 |
| development of sandwich-form biosensor to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical sputum specimens. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causing agent of tuberculosis, comes second only after hiv on the list of infectious agents slaughtering many worldwide. due to the limitations behind the conventional detection methods, it is therefore critical to develop new sensitive sensing systems capable of quick detection of the infectious agent. in the present study, the surface modified cadmium-telluride quantum dots and gold nanoparticles conjunct with two specific oligonucleotides against early secretor ... | 2016 | 25181404 |
| new approaches to tb vaccination. | pulmonary tb remains a leading global health issue, but the current bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine fails to control it effectively. much effort has gone into developing safe and effective boost vaccine candidates for use after the bcg prime vaccination. to date, almost all the lead candidates are being evaluated clinically via a parenteral route. abundant experimental evidence suggests that parenteral boosting with a virus-based vaccine is much less effective than respiratory mucosal boos ... | 2014 | 25180725 |
| demonstration of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum and saliva smears of tuberculosis patients using ziehl neelsen and flurochrome staining- a comparative study. | early detection of tuberculosis is important for reducing its morbidity and mortality especially in the patients with non-productive cough. to overcome the cumbersome process involved in collection and processing of the sputum specimen, the time consumed for reporting of sputum by ziehl neelsen (zn) method and to introduce a routine screening test in suspected, symptomless tuberculosis patients, the present study was designed using saliva as diagnostic medium and auramine rhodamine (ar) as stain ... | 2014 | 25177636 |
| dectin-2 is a direct receptor for mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan of mycobacteria. | mycobacteria possess various immunomodulatory molecules on the cell wall. mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (man-lam), a major lipoglycan of mycobacterium tuberculosis, has long been known to have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on host immunity. however, the direct man-lam receptor that explains its pleiotropic activities has not been clearly identified. here, we report that a c-type lectin receptor dectin-2 (gene symbol clec4n) is a direct receptor for man-lam. man-lam activated bone-ma ... | 2014 | 25176311 |
| a robust snp barcode for typing mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. | strain-specific genomic diversity in the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) is an important factor in pathogenesis that may affect virulence, transmissibility, host response and emergence of drug resistance. several systems have been proposed to classify mtbc strains into distinct lineages and families. here, we investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) as robust (stable) markers of genetic variation for phylogenetic analysis. we identify ~92 k snp across a global collection of 1 ... | 2014 | 25176035 |
| why doesn't bovine tuberculosis transmit between humans? | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important bacterial pathogen of man. this human-adapted pathogen was ancestral to a lineage of animal-adapted strains which cause similar disease in many different mammals but are unable to transmit between humans. how did the animal-adapted strains lose the ability to transmit between humans? | 2014 | 25174642 |
| profiling the t-cell receptor repertoire of patient with pleural tuberculosis by high-throughput sequencing. | pleural tuberculosis (pltb), a major cause of morbidity and mortality, is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation of active mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in developing countries. gamma delta t-cell receptor (tcr) repertoire of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and pleural effusion mononuclear cells (pemcs) and beta tcr repertoire from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) have been reported. however, a detailed different characteristic of beta tcr repertoire of mononuclear ... | 2014 | 25173045 |
| discovery of novel mycobacterial dna gyrase b inhibitors: in silico and in vitro biological evaluation. | dna gyrase of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is a type ii topoisomerase that ensures the regulation of dna topology and has been genetically demonstrated to be a bactericidal drug target. availability of crystal structure of m. smegmatics gyrb in complex with one of the aminopyrazinamides facilitated us to employ structure-based virtual screening approach to obtain new hits from a commercial library of asinex database using energy-optimized pharmacophore modeling. further the model was validat ... | 2014 | 27486079 |
| keloidal plaque in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis: a rare morphological variant of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis. | tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (tvc), also known as warty tuberculosis, anatomist's wart or prosector's wart is characterized by the presence of verrucous plaque-like lesions, resulting from direct inoculation of the causative organism into the skin of a previously infected patient. a 59-year-old man presented with a hyperpigmented plaque on the chest wall which closely mimicked a keloid. he was a case of sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis and had repeatedly been applying early morning saliva ... | 2014 | 26786491 |
| comparison of ambient air survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical strains associated with different epidemiological phenotypes. | this study compared the ambient air survival of two clinical strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis that had caused significantly different numbers of cases in the same population. no difference in the survival ability between the two strains was found. however, a significant difference was observed in colony morphology between the two strains. these findings provide new insight into potential microbial determinants for the occurrence of large clusters of tuberculosis cases in a population. | 2014 | 26786490 |
| snapshot of the genetic diversity of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in iraq. | this study explored the genetic diversity of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in iraq by spoligotyping and 15-locus-based mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (miru-vntr) methods. initially, 270 isolates from 134 patients were collected and then 134 non-duplicating isolates (1 isolate/patient) were subjected to the study analyses, 70 isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (mdr) upon testing by proportion method on löwenstein-jensen medium. spoligotyp ... | 2014 | 26786487 |
| mutation pattern in rifampicin resistance determining region of rpob gene in multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pakistan. | the current study was undertaken to characterize the rrdr rpob gene mutations among the rifampicin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) isolates from pakistan. rifampicin mutation patterns were analyzed by using pcr followed by rpob gene sequencing. among the 1080 referred tb cases, 63 (6%) were resistant against at least one first-line tb drug. out of these 63 resistant isolates, 24 isolates (38%) were found to be resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin. sequence analysis of multidrug-resis ... | 2014 | 26786485 |
| metabolomics: a window into the adaptive physiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb) and second leading cause of human mortality due to a single infectious agent. this is mostly because of m. tuberculosis' ability to adapt its metabolism to the host environment and regulate entry into and exit from cell cycle. knowledge of the specific metabolic changes accompanying these transitions however is incomplete. metabolomics has emerged as a new biochemical window into m. tuberculosis physiology. this review highli ... | 2014 | 25172023 |
| a transcriptional co-repressor regulatory circuit controlling the heat-shock response of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the co-ordinated regulation of heat shock proteins is critically important for the stress response of m. tuberculosis, failure of which results in enhanced immune recognition of the tubercle bacilli with reduced survival during chronic infections. in this study, we show that phop regulates the transcription of α-crystallin 2 (acr2), expression of which increases more than any other gene of m. tuberculosis during heat-shock or following macrophage infection. we also show that regulation of acr2 b ... | 2014 | 25171378 |
| an electrochemical dna biosensor for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis, based on signal amplification of graphene and a gold nanoparticle-polyaniline nanocomposite. | due to its low growth rate and its fastidious nature, mycobacterium tuberculosis is difficult to identify. its rapid and sensitive detection is, however, critical for the control of tuberculosis. molecular biology, and more recently electrochemical technology, have been exploited for the detection of this pathogen. in the present study, a novel dna biosensor was developed for the highly sensitive detection of the specific dna insertion sequence is6110 of m. tuberculosis, using reduced graphene o ... | 2014 | 25171135 |
| tuberculosis in laos, who is at risk: the mahouts or their elephants? | summary tuberculosis (tb) in elephants has the potential to infect humans and is an increasing public health concern. lao pdr is one of the last countries where elephants are still used for timber extraction and where they live in close contact with their mahouts. there are 500 animals at work in the country, some interacting with wild herds. although human tb prevalence is known to be high in laos, studies on elephant tb had yet to be undertaken. from january to july 2012, screening was perform ... | 2015 | 25170549 |
| rapid real-time pcr for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex dna in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues: 16% of histological 'sarcoid' may contain such dna. | to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of is6110 real-time pcr for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) in dna extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (ffpe) tissues using two different methods. in the absence of material submitted for tuberculosis (tb) culture, mtbc detection in ffpe tissue can be an important aid to diagnosis. | 2014 | 25170093 |
| the evidence for greater sensitivity of interferon-γ release assays compared to tuberculin skin test in diagnosing latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | | 2014 | 25169803 |
| autophagy in tuberculosis. | autophagy as an immune mechanism controls inflammation and acts as a cell-autonomous defense against intracellular microbes including mycobacterium tuberculosis. an equally significant role of autophagy is its anti-inflammatory and tissue-sparing function. this combination of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions prevents active disease in animal models. in human populations, genetic links between autophagy, inflammatory bowel disease, and susceptibility to tuberculosis provide further sup ... | 2014 | 25167980 |
| rapid diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis by xpert mtb/rif assay using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | in order to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the xpert mtb/rif assay on childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf), we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of xpert mtb/rif assay using balf in comparison with acid-fast bacilli (afb) microscopy and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) culture for diagnosing childhood ptb using chinese "composite clinical reference standard" (ccrs) as reference standar ... | 2014 | 25165698 |
| a pathway for sexual dimorphism in innate immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | | 2015 | 25165164 |
| rapid sequencing of the mycobacterium tuberculosis pnca gene for detection of pyrazinamide susceptibility. | we developed a pyrazinamidase gene dna-sequencing method to rapidly identify pyrazinamide resistance-causing mutations in genolyse-treated, smear-positive sputum specimens. the sensitivity and specificity were 90.9 and 100%, respectively, compared to those of mgit drug susceptibility testing, after the exclusion of synonymous mutations and nonsynonymous mutations previously associated with susceptibility to pyrazinamide. | 2014 | 25165081 |
| biological evaluation of potent triclosan-derived inhibitors of the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase inha in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | new triclosan (trc) analogues were evaluated for their activity against the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase inha in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). trc is a well-known inhibitor of inha, and specific modifications to its positions 5 and 4' afforded 27 derivatives; of these compounds, seven derivatives showed improved potency over that of trc. these analogues were active against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant mtb strains. the most active compound in this series, 4-(n-butyl)-1,2,3 ... | 2014 | 25165007 |
| microdissection approaches in tuberculosis research. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, a globally significant pathogen, results in active or latent tuberculosis. the granuloma is the characteristic lesion that offers insight into host-pathogen interactions in these distinct states. microdissection provides a way to isolate and consequently investigate specific tissue sections. we review various techniques available and in use. | 2014 | 25164280 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis and the search for the impossible truth. | | 2015 | 25162965 |
| inhibition of glutamine synthetase: a potential drug target in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. globally, tuberculosis is second only to aids in mortality and the disease is responsible for over 1.3 million deaths each year. the impractically long treatment schedules (generally 6-9 months) and unpleasant side effects of the current drugs often lead to poor patient compliance, which in turn has resulted in the emergence of multi-, extensively- and totally-drug resistant strains. the development of new classes of ant ... | 2014 | 25162957 |
| synthesis and evaluation of a pyrazinoic acid prodrug in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is a disease caused mainly by infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis affecting more than ten million people around the world. despite tb can be treated, the rise of mdr-tb and xdr-tb cases put the disease in a worrying status. as pyrazinamide-resistant strains exhibit low or none pyrazinamidase activity, it is proposed that the active form of pyrazinamide (pza) is pyrazinoic acid (poa), although this acid has poor penetration in mycobacteria. in this work, we present a conveni ... | 2014 | 25161383 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in latently infected lungs by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. | detection of latent mycobacterium tuberculosis is a challenge in the diagnosis of asymptomatic, subclinical tuberculosis. we report the development of an immunofluorescence technique to visualize and enumerate m. tuberculosis in latently infected rabbit lungs where no acid-fast-stained organisms were seen and no cultivable bacilli were obtained by the agar-plating method. | 2014 | 25161200 |
| comparative study of iga vh 3 gene usage in healthy tst(-) and tst(+) population exposed to tuberculosis: deep sequencing analysis. | the acquired immune response against tuberculosis is commonly associated with t-cell responses with little known about the role of b cells or antibodies. there have been suggestions that b cells and humoral immunity can modulate the immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis. however, the mechanisms involving b-cell responses in m. tuberculosis are not fully understood, in particular the antibody gene preferences. we hypothesized that a preferential use of v genes can be seen associated with ... | 2015 | 25158076 |
| microarray analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected monocytes reveals il26 as a new candidate gene for tuberculosis susceptibility. | differences in the activity of monocytes/macrophages, important target cells of mycobacterium tuberculosis, might influence tuberculosis progression. with the purpose of identifying candidate genes for tuberculosis susceptibility we infected monocytes from both healthy elderly individuals (a tuberculosis susceptibility group) and elderly tuberculosis patients with m. tuberculosis, and performed a microarray experiment. we detected 78 differentially expressed transcripts and confirmed these resul ... | 2015 | 25157980 |
| modeling the potential impact of host population survival on the evolution of m. tuberculosis latency. | tuberculosis (tb) is an infectious disease with a peculiar feature: upon infection with the causative agent, mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), most hosts enter a latent state during which no transmission of mtb to new hosts occurs. only a fraction of latently infected hosts develop tb disease and can potentially infect new hosts. at first glance, this seems like a waste of transmission potential and therefore an evolutionary suboptimal strategy for mtb. it might be that the human immune response ... | 2014 | 25157958 |
| toward understanding the essence of post-translational modifications for the mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoproteome. | cd4(+) t cells are prominent effector cells in controlling mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection but may also contribute to immunopathology. studies probing the cd4(+) t cell response from individuals latently infected with mtb or patients with active tuberculosis using either small or proteome-wide antigen screens so far revealed a multi-antigenic, yet mostly invariable repertoire of immunogenic mtb proteins. recent developments in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have highlighted the oc ... | 2014 | 25157249 |
| structure-guided design of thiazolidine derivatives as mycobacterium tuberculosis pantothenate synthetase inhibitors. | the pantothenate biosynthetic pathway is essential for the persistent growth and virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and one of the enzymes in the pathway, pantothenate synthetase (ps, ec: 6.3.2.1), encoded by the panc gene, has become an appropriate target for new therapeutics to treat tuberculosis. herein, we report nanomolar thiazolidine inhibitors of mtb ps developed by a rational inhibitor design approach. the thiazolidine compounds were discovered by using energy-based pharmacoph ... | 2014 | 25155986 |
| structure of the mycobacterium tuberculosis type vii secretion system chaperone espg5 in complex with pe25-ppe41 dimer. | the growth or virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli depends on homologous type vii secretion systems, esx-1, esx-3 and esx-5, which export a number of protein effectors across membranes to the bacterial surface and environment. pe and ppe proteins represent two large families of highly polymorphic proteins that are secreted by these esx systems. recently, it was shown that these proteins require system-specific cytoplasmic chaperones for secretion. here, we report the crystal structure ... | 2014 | 25155747 |