| electroporation of mycobacteria. | high-efficiency transformation of dna is integral to the study of mycobacteria, allowing genetic manipulation. electroporation is the most widely used method for introducing dna into mycobacterial strains. many parameters contribute to high-efficiency transformation; these include the species per strain, the transforming dna, the selectable marker, the growth medium additives, and the conditions of electroporation. in this chapter we provide an optimized method for the transformation of represen ... | 2015 | 25779313 |
| metabolomics of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | enzymes fuel the biochemical activities of all cells. their substrates and products thus offer a potential window into the physiologic state of a cell. metabolomics focuses on the global, or systems-level, study of small molecules in a given biological system and thus provided an experimental tool with which to study cellular physiology on a global biochemical scale. while metabolomic studies of mycobacterium tuberculosis are still in their infancy, recent studies have begun to deliver unique in ... | 2015 | 25779312 |
| rna sequencing for transcript 5'-end mapping in mycobacteria. | next-generation sequencing technologies facilitate the analysis of multiple important properties of the transcriptome in addition to gene expression levels. here we describe a method for mapping rna 5' ends in mycobacterium tuberculosis, which allows the determination of transcriptional start sites (tsss), comparative analysis of promoter usage under different conditions, and mapping of endoribonucleolytic processing sites. we describe in detail the procedures for constructing rna sequencing lib ... | 2015 | 25779309 |
| whole-transcriptome sequencing for high-resolution transcriptomic analysis in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | rna-seq uses next-generation sequencing technology to determine the transcription profile of an organism in a quantitative manner. with respect to microarrays, this methodology allows greater resolution, increased dynamic range, and identification of new features such as previously unannotated genes and noncoding rnas. here we describe how to extract rna from mycobacterial cultures, how to prepare libraries for illumina sequencing, and the bioinformatics analysis of the sequencing data to determ ... | 2015 | 25779308 |
| discovery of inha inhibitors with anti-mycobacterial activity through a matched molecular pair approach. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (mtinha) is an attractive enzyme and a thoroughly studied target for tuberculosis therapy. in this study, to identify novel structure-activity relationships (sars) of mtinha inhibitors, a series of diphenyl ether derivatives were designed based on the matched molecular pair (mmp) method, and the binding energies of these compounds were subsequently estimated by in silico structure-based drug screening (sbds) to ... | 2015 | 25778993 |
| pharmacodynamic modeling of bacillary elimination rates and detection of bacterial lipid bodies in sputum to predict and understand outcomes in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. | antibiotic-tolerant bacterial persistence prevents treatment shortening in drug-susceptible tuberculosis, and accumulation of intracellular lipid bodies has been proposed to identify a persister phenotype of mycobacterium tuberculosis cells. in malawi, we modeled bacillary elimination rates (bers) from sputum cultures and calculated the percentage of lipid body-positive acid-fast bacilli (%lb + afb) on sputum smears. we assessed whether these putative measurements of persistence predict unfavora ... | 2015 | 25778753 |
| toll-like receptor 2-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages drives anti-inflammatory responses and inhibits th1 polarization of responding t cells. | mycobacterium tuberculosis survives within macrophages and employs immune evasion mechanisms to persist in the host. protective t helper type 1 (th1) responses are induced, and the immune response in most individuals is sufficient to restrict m. tuberculosis to latent infection, but most infections are not completely resolved. as t cells and macrophages respond, a balance is established between protective th1-associated and other proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-12 (il-12), interfe ... | 2015 | 25776754 |
| correlates between models of virulence for mycobacterium tuberculosis among isolates of the central asian lineage: a case for lysozyme resistance testing? | virulence factors (vfs) contribute to the emergence of new human mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, are lineage dependent, and are relevant to the development of m. tuberculosis drugs/vaccines. vfs were sought within m. tuberculosis lineage 3, which has the central asian (cas) spoligotype. three isolates were selected from clusters previously identified as dominant in london, united kingdom. strain-associated virulence was studied in guinea pig, monocyte-derived macrophage, and lysozyme resista ... | 2015 | 25776753 |
| [computed tomography pattern of unchanged mediastinal lymph nodes in children with uninfected mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | to provide x-ray characteristics of mediastinal lymph nodes revealed by computed tomography (ct) in children and adolescents with uninfected mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2016 | 25775884 |
| molluscum-like papules as a presentation of early papulonecrotic tuberculid in association with nodular tuberculid in a male with asymptomatic active pulmonary tuberculosis. | the clinical and histopathologic findings of a rare simultaneous occurrence of papulonecrotic tuberculid and nodular tuberclid in a patient with active but asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis are presented. papulonecrotic tuberculid was observed at a very early stage, presenting as molluscum-like lesions. this has been described once in the literature. this was observed in conjunction with lesions compatible with the rare clinicopathologic variant of nodular tuberculid. critical to the diagnosis ... | 2015 | 25775625 |
| susceptibility to tuberculosis is associated with variants in the asap1 gene encoding a regulator of dendritic cell migration. | human genetic factors predispose to tuberculosis (tb). we studied 7.6 million genetic variants in 5,530 people with pulmonary tb and in 5,607 healthy controls. in the combined analysis of these subjects and the follow-up cohort (15,087 tb patients and controls altogether), we found an association between tb and variants located in introns of the asap1 gene on chromosome 8q24 (p = 2.6 × 10(-11) for rs4733781; p = 1.0 × 10(-10) for rs10956514). dendritic cells (dcs) showed high asap1 expression th ... | 2015 | 25774636 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacteria in children: muddying the waters of tuberculosis diagnosis. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are a large family of acid-fast bacteria, widespread in the environment. in children, ntm cause lymphadenitis, skin and soft tissue infections, and occasionally also lung disease and disseminated infections. these manifestations can be indistinguishable from tuberculosis on the basis of clinical and radiological findings and tuberculin skin testing. a diagnostic and therapeutic problem for respiratory physicians and other clinicians is therefore evident, partic ... | 2015 | 25773213 |
| improving the tuberculosis drug development pipeline. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered one of the most successful pathogens and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, a disease that urgently requires new chemical entities to be developed for treatment. there are currently several new molecules under clinical investigation in the tuberculosis (tb) drug development pipeline. however, the complex lifestyle of m. tuberculosis within the host presents a barrier to the development of new drugs. in this review, we highlight the reasons that make tb dru ... | 2015 | 25772393 |
| tuberculosis in saudi arabia: the journey across time. | saudi arabia is the third-largest arab country with a moderate annual burden of tuberculosis. however, tuberculosis (tb) is among several infectious diseases that have not been brought under control, despite the government's considerable efforts. this is clearly evidenced by the ongoing transmission of several imported and indigenous clades of mycobacterium tuberculosis. in addition, the country faces the threat from rising proportions of extrapulmonary tb, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infectio ... | 2015 | 25771458 |
| morphological and biomolecular evidence for tuberculosis in 8th century ad skeletons from bélmegyer-csömöki domb, hungary. | macromorphological analysis of skeletons, from 20 selected graves of the 8th century ad bélmegyer-csömöki domb, revealed 19 cases of possible skeletal tuberculosis. biomolecular analyses provided general support for such diagnoses, including the individual without pathology, but the data did not show coherent consistency over the range of biomarkers examined. amplification of ancient dna fragments found evidence for the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex dna only in five graves. in contrast, var ... | 2015 | 25771204 |
| evolutionary changes in the genome of mycobacterium tuberculosis and the human genome from 9000 years bp until modern times. | the demonstration of mycobacterium tuberculosis dna in ancient skeletons gives researchers an insight into its evolution. findings of the last two decades sketched the biological relationships between the various species of tubercle bacilli, the time scale involved, their possible origin and dispersal. this paper includes the available evidence and on-going research. in the submerged eastern mediterranean neolithic village of atlit yam (9000 bp), a human lineage of m. tuberculosis, defined by th ... | 2015 | 25771203 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis rv2185c contributes to nuclear factor-κb activation. | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis has a detrimental impact on public health worldwide, especially in developing countries. the nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) signaling pathway is reportedly involved in the innate immune response against m. tuberculosis infections. we screened the secreted proteins, membrane proteins, and lipoproteins of the m. tuberculosis h37rv strain using luciferase activity assays. the rv2185c protein exhibited the potential to activate nf-κb in hela and a549 cell ... | 2015 | 25771181 |
| discovery of target based novel pyrrolyl phenoxy derivatives as antimycobacterial agents: an in silico approach. | a new series of pyrrolyl phenoxy derivatives bearing alkoxy linker were synthesized and evaluated for anti-tubercular activity (anti-tb) against mycobacterium tuberculosis. molecular modeling, pharmacophore constructed using galahad to produce an effective alignment of data set and evaluated by pareto ranking. the pharmacophore features were filtered by surflex-dock study using enoyl acp reductase from m. tuberculosis, which is one of the key enzymes involved in type ii fatty acid biosynthesis p ... | 2015 | 25771110 |
| synthesis, crystal structure and biological evaluation of substituted quinazolinone benzoates as novel antituberculosis agents targeting acetohydroxyacid synthase. | acetohydroxyacid synthase (ahas) catalyzes the first essential biosynthetic step of branched-chain amino acids and is a biologically safe target against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). in our previous research, we used virtual screening to identify some novel ahas inhibitors as potent antituberculosis agents. in this study, we synthesized twenty-four additional quinazolinone benzoates and explored their antitubercular activity. five of these compounds displayed significant mtb-ahas inhibition ... | 2015 | 25771108 |
| nanomolar inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase 1: synthesis, biological evaluation and x-ray crystallographic studies. | a series of imidazo[1,2-a]indeno[1,2-e]pyrazin-4-ones that potently inhibit m. tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (glna1) has been identified by high throughput screening. exploration of this series was performed owing to a short chemistry program. despite possibly nanomolar inhibitions, none of these compounds was active on whole cell mtb, suggesting that glna1 may not be a suitable target to find new anti-tubercular drugs. | 2015 | 25770781 |
| confirming mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission from a cadaver to an embalmer using molecular epidemiology. | genotyping results and epidemiologic investigation were used to confirm tuberculosis transmission from a cadaver to an embalmer. this investigation highlights the utility of genotyping in identifying unsuspected epidemiologic links and unusual transmission settings. in addition, the investigation provides additional evidence for the occupational risk of tuberculosis among funeral service workers and indicates a need for education about tuberculosis risk and the importance of adhering to appropri ... | 2015 | 25769616 |
| identification of potential mycobacterium tuberculosis topoisomerase i inhibitors: a study against active, dormant and resistant tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) topoisomerase i (topo i), involved in the relaxation of negatively supercoiled dna, plays an important role in the viability of pathogen mtb. being one of the most significant enzymes; it also takes part in crucial biological pathways such as transcription and replication of the pathogen. the present study aims at the development of mtb topo i 3d protein structure which in turn was employed for the virtual screening of compound libraries in a process of identific ... | 2015 | 25769524 |
| prevalence and occurrence rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis haarlem family multi-drug resistant in the worldwide population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) can occur in different ways. furthermore, drug resistant in m. tuberculosis family is a major problem that creates obstacles in treatment and control of tuberculosis (tb) in the world. one of the most prevalent families of m. tuberculosis is haarlem, and it is associated with drug resistant. our objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and occurrence rate of m. tuberculosis haarlem family multi-drug resistant (mdr) in ... | 2015 | 25767526 |
| rapid diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis by xpert mtb/rif assay using pleural biopsy and pleural fluid specimens. | early pleural tuberculosis (tb) diagnosis is particularly difficult. the aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the xpert mtb/rif (xpert) (cepheid, sunnyvale, ca) assay using pleural biopsy and pleural fluid specimens in patients with suspected pleural tb but who had a negative sputum acid-fast bacilli (afb) smear. | 2015 | 25767518 |
| comparing mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes using genome topology networks. | over the last decade, emerging research methods, such as comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic study, have yielded new insights into genotypes and phenotypes of closely related bacterial strains. several findings have revealed that genomic structural variations (svs), including gene gain/loss, gene duplication and genome rearrangement, can lead to different phenotypes among strains, and an investigation of genes affected by svs may extend our knowledge of the relationships between svs an ... | 2015 | 25766780 |
| a murine monoclonal antibody to glycogen: characterization of epitope-fine specificity by saturation transfer difference (std) nmr spectroscopy and its use in mycobacterial capsular α-glucan research. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb), is a major pathogen responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. this bacterium is characterized by a highly unusual and impermeable cell envelope, which plays a key role in mycobacterial survival and virulence. although many studies have focused on the composition and functioning of the mycobacterial cell envelope, the capsular α-glucan has received relatively minor attention. here we show that a murine monoclonal antibody (m ... | 2015 | 25766777 |
| nanocarrier-based interventions for the management of mdr/xdr-tb. | emergence of multidrug-resistant tb (mdr-tb) and extensively drug-resistant tb over the past decade presents an unprecedented public health challenge to which countries of concern are responding far too slowly. global tuberculosis report 2014 marks the 20th anniversary of the global project on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance, indicating the highest global level of drug-resistance ever recorded detection of 97 000 patients with mdr-tb resulting in 170 000 deaths in 2013. treatment ... | 2015 | 25766078 |
| advancing host-directed therapy for tuberculosis. | improved treatments are needed for nearly all forms of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. adjunctive host-directed therapies have the potential to shorten tuberculosis treatment duration, prevent resistance and reduce lung injury by promoting autophagy, antimicrobial peptide production and other macrophage effector mechanisms, as well as by modifying specific mechanisms that cause lung inflammation and matrix destruction. the range of candidates is broad, including several agents approved for ... | 2015 | 25765201 |
| integration of published information into a resistance-associated mutation database for mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis remains a major global public health challenge. although incidence is decreasing, the proportion of drug-resistant cases is increasing. technical and operational complexities prevent mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility phenotyping in the vast majority of new and retreatment cases. the advent of molecular technologies provides an opportunity to obtain results rapidly as compared to phenotypic culture. however, correlations between genetic mutations and resistance to multip ... | 2015 | 25765106 |
| tuberculosis diagnostics in 2015: landscape, priorities, needs, and prospects. | in 2015, tuberculosis remains a major global health problem, and drug-resistant tuberculosis is a growing threat. although tuberculosis diagnosis in many countries is still reliant on older tools, new diagnostics are changing the landscape. stimulated, in part, by the success and roll out of xpert mtb/rif, there is now considerable interest in new technologies. the landscape looks promising, with a robust pipeline of new tools, particularly molecular diagnostics, and well over 50 companies activ ... | 2015 | 25765103 |
| ethambutol-related impaired visual function in childrens less than 5 years of age treated for a mycobacterial infection: diagnosis and evolution. | the effects of ethambutol (emb) on vision are particularly difficult to detect in children less than 5 years of age because of a lack of complaints and objective clinical signs. the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of visual abnormalities and the utility of visual-evoked potentials (veps) recordings in monitoring the visual function of children less than 5 years of age who were exposed to emb during anti-mycobacterial treatment. | 2015 | 25764095 |
| risk assessment of tuberculosis in contacts by ifn-γ release assays. a tuberculosis network european trials group study. | latent infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis is defined by a positive ifn-γ release assay (igra) result in the absence of active tuberculosis. only few, mostly monocentric studies have evaluated the role of igras to predict the development of tuberculosis in recent contacts in low-incidence countries of tuberculosis. | 2015 | 25763458 |
| transcriptional adaptation of drug-tolerant mycobacterium tuberculosis during treatment of human tuberculosis. | treatment initiation rapidly kills most drug-susceptible mycobacterium tuberculosis, but a bacterial subpopulation tolerates prolonged drug exposure. we evaluated drug-tolerant bacilli in human sputum by comparing messenger rna (mrna) expression of drug-tolerant bacilli that survive the early bactericidal phase with treatment-naive bacilli. | 2015 | 25762787 |
| targeting the cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis: a molecular modeling investigation of the interaction of imipenem and meropenem with l,d-transpeptidase 2. | the single crystal x-ray structure of the extracellular portion of the l,d-transpeptidase (ex-ldtmt2 - residues 120-408) enzyme was recently reported. it was observed that imipenem and meropenem inhibit activity of this enzyme, responsible for generating l,d-transpeptide linkages in the peptidoglycan layer of mycobacterium tuberculosis. imipenem is more active and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments revealed that meropenem is subjected to an entropy penalty upon binding to the enzyme. h ... | 2016 | 25762064 |
| macrophages are needed in the progression of tuberculosis into lung cancer. | although the association of tuberculosis (tb) and the development of lung carcinoma (lc) has been acknowledged, the underlying mechanism remains not clarified. since sustained and repeated local inflammation and tissue remodeling have been suggested to be responsible for the high incidence of developing cl from tb, we hypothesize that macrophages may play a critical role in the process. to prove it, we induced tb in mice by injection of virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). then the mice we ... | 2015 | 25761875 |
| no strong relationship between components of the lectin pathway of complement and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb) may utilise the lectin complement pathway to facilitate entry into its niche within macrophages. previous studies examining mannose-binding lectin (mbl) in patients with tb have been limited by failure to correlate genotype/phenotype relationships. this study investigated serum levels and genotypes of mbl, ficolin-2, ficolin-3 and masp-2 in 168 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 168 age/sex-matched controls. low serum levels of mbl and ficolin-2 were defined ... | 2015 | 25761428 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of rv1674c from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | adaptations to hypoxia play an important role in mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. rv0324, which contains an hth dna-binding domain and a rhodanese domain, is one of the key transcription regulators in response to hypoxia. m. tuberculosis rv1674c is a homologue of rv0324. to understand the interdomain interaction and regulation of the hth domain and the rhodanese domain, recombinant rv1674c protein was purified and crystallized by the vapour-diffusion method. the crystals diffracted to 2. ... | 2015 | 25760714 |
| engineering more stable, selectable marker-free autoluminescent mycobacteria by one step. | in our previous study, we demonstrated that the use of the autoluminescent mycobacterium tuberculosis as a reporter strain had the potential to drastically reduce the time, effort, animals and costs consumed in evaluation of the activities of drugs and vaccines in live mice. however, the strains were relatively unstable and lost reporter with time without selection. the kanamycin selection marker used wasn't the best choice as it provides resistance to amino glycosides which are an important cla ... | 2015 | 25760622 |
| mycobacteriophages: an important tool for the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis (review). | the prevention and control of tuberculosis (tb) on a global scale has become increasingly important with the emergence of multidrug‑resistant tb. mycobacterium tuberculosis phages have been identified as an important investigative tool. phage genomes exhibit a significant level of diversity and mosaic genome architecture, however, they are simple structures, which are amenable to genetic manipulation. based on these characteristics, the phages may be used to construct a shuttle plasmid, which is ... | 2015 | 25760591 |
| drug-resistant tuberculosis can be predicted by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit locus. | it is unknown whether miru-vntr (mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat) is associated with drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis. the purpose of this study was to explore the ability of 24 miru loci to predict the drug resistance of isoniazid (inh), rifampicin (rfp), streptomycin (sm), ethambutol (emb) and pyrazinamide (pza). we collected the drug resistance and miru loci information of 109 strains of m. tuberculosis from an open database. the result ... | 2015 | 25759689 |
| cleavage specificity of mycobacterium tuberculosis clpp1p2 protease and identification of novel peptide substrates and boronate inhibitors with anti-bacterial activity. | the clpp1p2 protease complex is essential for viability in mycobacteria tuberculosis and is an attractive drug target. using a fluorogenic tripeptide library (ac-x3x2x1-aminomethylcoumarin) and by determining specificity constants (kcat/km), we show that clpp1p2 prefers met ≫ leu > phe > ala in the x1 position, basic residues or trp in the x2 position, and pro ≫ ala > trp in the x3 position. we identified peptide substrates that are hydrolyzed up to 1000 times faster than the standard clpp subst ... | 2015 | 25759383 |
| [tuberculosis surveillance in sicily, italy]. | to describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis (tb) in sicily in the years 2010-2013. | 2015 | 25759350 |
| hi-jack: a novel computational framework for pathway-based inference of host-pathogen interactions. | pathogens infect their host and hijack the host machinery to produce more progeny pathogens. obligate intracellular pathogens, in particular, require resources of the host to replicate. therefore, infections by these pathogens lead to alterations in the metabolism of the host, shifting in favor of pathogen protein production. some computational identification of mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions have been proposed, but it seems the problem has yet to be approached from the metabolite-hija ... | 2015 | 25758402 |
| transmissibility of tuberculosis among school contacts: an outbreak investigation in a boarding middle school, china. | tuberculosis (tb) outbreak occurred in a boarding middle school of china. we explored its probable sources and quantified the transmissibility and pathogenicity of tb. clinical evaluation, tuberculin skin testing and chest radiography were conducted to identify tb cases. mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates underwent genotyping analysis to identify the outbreak source. a chain-binomial transmission model was used to evaluate transmissibility and pathogenicity of tb. a total of 46 active cases wer ... | 2015 | 25757905 |
| delamanid for the treatment of pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. | out of a handful of new drugs currently in clinical trials for the treatment of tuberculosis, delamanid, a nitro-dihydro-imidazole derivative, has successfully emerged. delamanid is a novel mycolic acid biosynthesis inhibitor that is equally potent against drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. one of the strongest points for delamanid is its inability to be metabolized by cytochrome p450 enzymes, making it a promising candidate to be used in combination therapies f ... | 2015 | 25756067 |
| exogenous reinfection of tuberculosis in a low-burden area. | recurrence of tuberculosis (tb) can be the consequence of relapse or exogenous reinfection. the study aimed to assess the factors associated with exogenous tb reinfection. | 2015 | 25754899 |
| synthesis and antitubercular evaluation of 4-carbonyl piperazine substituted 1,3-benzothiazin-4-one derivatives. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a major human health problem. new therapeutic antitubercular agents are urgent needed to control the global tuberculosis pandemic. we synthesized a new series of 4-carbonyl piperazine substituted 1,3-benzothiazin-4-one derivatives and evaluated their anti-mycobacterial activities against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra as well as their druggabilities. the results showed that most of these derivatives, especially the compounds with simple alkyl side chains, exhibited go ... | 2015 | 25754492 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis phylogeography in the context of human migration and pathogen's pathobiology: insights from beijing and ural families. | here, i review the population structure and phylogeography of the two contrasting families of mycobacterium tuberculosis, beijing and ural, in the context of strain pathobiology and human history and migration. proprietary database (12-loci miru-vntr profiles of 3067 beijing genotype isolates) was subjected to phylogenetic and statistical analysis. the highest rate (90%) and diversity (hgi 0.80-0.95) of the beijing genotype in north china suggest it to be its area of origin. under vntr-based mds ... | 2015 | 25754342 |
| evidence for tuberculosis in 18th/19th century slaves in anse sainte-marguerite (guadeloupe - french western indies). | during the american colonization in the 18th and 19th century, africans were captured and shipped to america. harsh living and working conditions often led to chronic diseases and high mortality rates. slaves in the caribbean were forced to work mainly on sugar plantations. they were buried in cemeteries like anse sainte-marguerite on the isle of grande-terre (guadeloupe) which was examined by archaeologists and physical anthropologists. morphological studies on osseous remains of 148 individual ... | 2015 | 25754341 |
| three-dimensional imaging of past skeletal tb: from lesion to process. | 3d imaging has become an essential tool in the field of biological anthropology, notably for human evolution purposes. high resolution virtual 3d reconstructions of original specimens contribute to their preservation and broaden the ability for research, teaching and exchanges. paleopathology can get substantial benefit from these methods, among others for reconstructing infectious pathological processes on ancient bones. tuberculosis is frequently diagnosed on ancient human remains; however, so ... | 2015 | 25754340 |
| exosomal rna from mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cells is functional in recipient macrophages. | exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells that carry proteins, lipids and nucleic acids and function in intercellular communication. previously, we determined that exosomes released from mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb)-infected macrophages carry mycobacterial proteins and lipids. however, the rna composition within these exosomes has not been defined. in this study, we characterized the exosomes released from m.tb-infected macrophages and identified a cohort of mouse messenger rna ... | 2015 | 25753779 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clofazimine in a mouse model of tuberculosis. | the antileprosy drug clofazimine has shown potential for shortening tuberculosis treatment; however, the current dosing of the drug is not evidence based, and the optimal dosing is unknown. our objective was to conduct a preclinical evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clofazimine in the mouse model of tuberculosis, with the goal of providing useful information on dosing for future studies. pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated in infected and uninfected balb/c mice. ph ... | 2015 | 25753644 |
| identification of mir-93 as a suitable mir for normalizing mirna in plasma of tuberculosis patients. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a major public health issue. new tests to aid diagnoses and monitor the response to therapy are urgently required. there is growing interest in the use of microrna (mirna) profiles as diagnostic, prognostic or predictive markers in a range of clinical and infectious diseases, including mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, however, challenges exist to accurately normalise mirna levels in cohorts. this study examined the appropriateness of 12 mirs and rnu6b to normalise ... | 2015 | 25753045 |
| compounds for use in the treatment of mycobacterial infections: a patent evaluation (wo2014049107a1). | tuberculosis is one of the main causes of mortality with 1.5 million deaths a year worldwide. the growing emergence of multi- and extremely resistant strains highlights the urgent need of novel antibiotic strategies. ethionamide, interfering with the mycobacterial membrane biosynthesis, is used in second-line treatment. this molecule is a prodrug, which requires activation by etha. the patent described in this evaluation (wo2014049107a1) claimed a new family of molecules and their use as antibio ... | 2015 | 25752488 |
| the glyoxylate shunt is essential for co2-requiring oligotrophic growth of rhodococcus erythropolis n9t-4. | rhodococcus erythropolis n9t-4 shows extremely oligotrophic growth requiring atmospheric co2 and forms its colonies on an inorganic basal medium (bm) without any additional carbon source. screening of a random mutation library constructed by a unique genome deletion method that we established indicated that the acea, aceb, and pckg genes encoding isocitrate lyase, malate synthase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, respectively, were requisite for survival on bm plates. the acea- and aceb de ... | 2015 | 25750047 |
| imaging chronic tuberculous lesions using sodium [(18)f]fluoride positron emission tomography in mice. | calcification is a hallmark of chronic tuberculosis (tb) in humans, often noted years to decades (after the initial infection) on chest radiography, but not visualized well with traditional positron emission tomography (pet). we hypothesized that sodium [(18)f]fluoride (na[(18)f]f) pet could be used to detect microcalcifications in a chronically mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected murine model. | 2015 | 25750032 |
| [primary infection and pulmonary tuberculosis]. | tuberculosis is a major public health problem worldwide. indeed, a third of the world population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis and more than 8 million new cases of tuberculosis each year. pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common location. its diagnosis is difficult and often established with a delay causing a spread of infection. the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection is mainly based on immunological tests represented by the tuberculin skin test and detection of gamma interferon, ... | 2015 | 25749628 |
| defining multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: correlating genotype mtbdrplus assay results with minimum inhibitory concentrations. | this study correlates mics of rifampicin (rif) and isoniazid (inh) with genotype mtbdrplus assay results for drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) clinical isolates. mics of rif and inh were established for 84 and 90 isolates, respectively, testing 7 concentrations of each drug. genotypic resistance to each drug was determined by genotype mtbdrplus assay with 50 representative mutations confirmed by pyrosequencing, with mutations in the rpob gene associated with rif resistance and muta ... | 2015 | 25749461 |
| critical determinants for substrate recognition and catalysis in the m. tuberculosis class ii ap-endonuclease/3'-5' exonuclease iii. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis ap-endonuclease/3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease (mtbxtha) is an important player in dna base excision repair (ber). we demonstrate that the enzyme has robust apurinic/apyrimidinic (ap) endonuclease activity, 3'-5' exonuclease, phosphatase, and phosphodiesterase activities. the enzyme functions as an ap-endonuclease at high ionic environments, while the 3'-5'-exonuclease activity is predominant at low ionic environments. our molecular modelling and mutational experiments ... | 2015 | 25748880 |
| lung mucosa lining fluid modification of mycobacterium tuberculosis to reprogram human neutrophil killing mechanisms. | we have shown that human alveolar lining fluid (alf) contains homeostatic hydrolases capable of altering the mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and subsequently its interaction with human macrophages. neutrophils are also an integral part of the host immune response to m. tuberculosis infection. here we show that the human lung mucosa influences m. tuberculosis interaction with neutrophils, enhancing the intracellular killing of alf-exposed m. tuberculosis and up-regulating the expression of t ... | 2015 | 25748325 |
| clustured regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (crispr) genetic diversity studies as a mean to reconstruct the evolution of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | the natural history of tuberculosis may be tackled by various means, among which the record of molecular scars that have been registered by the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) genomes transmitted from patient to patient for tens of thousands years and possibly more. recently discovered polymorphic loci, the crispr sequences, are indirect witnesses of the historical phage-bacteria struggle, and may be related to the time when the ancestor of today's tubercle bacilli were environmental b ... | 2015 | 25748060 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may provide an antigenic stimulus enabling children to mount a strong immune cell response. | | 2015 | 25746604 |
| pyrazinamide: the importance of uncovering the mechanisms of action in mycobacteria. | pyrazinamide (pza) is still one of the key drugs used in current therapeutic regimens for tuberculosis (tb). despite its importance for tb therapy, the mode of action of pza remains unknown. pza has to be converted to its active form pyrazinoic acid (poa) by the nicotinamidase pnca and is then excreted by an unknown efflux pump. at acidic conditions, poa is protonated to hpoa and is reabsorbed into the cell where it causes cellular damage. for a long time, it has been thought that pza/poa has no ... | 2015 | 25746054 |
| urogenital tuberculosis: definition and classification. | to improve the approach to the diagnosis and management of urogenital tuberculosis (ugtb), we need clear and unique classification. ugtb remains an important problem, especially in developing countries, but it is often an overlooked disease. as with any other infection, ugtb should be cured by antibacterial therapy, but because of late diagnosis it may often require surgery. | 2014 | 25745561 |
| vitamin d: immuno-modulation and tuberculosis treatment. | tuberculosis (tb) is a major global health problem and often coincides with vitamin d deficiency. high doses of vitamin d were widely used to treat tb during the pre-antibiotic era. vitamin d exerts its action through vitamin d receptor (vdr), and vdr gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility or resistance to tuberculosis as well as sputum smear and culture conversion during anti-tb treatment. in-vitro studies have revealed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 enhances innate immunity by in ... | 2015 | 25744368 |
| new potential eukaryotic substrates of the mycobacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase ptpa: hints of a bacterial modulation of macrophage bioenergetics state. | the bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase ptpa is a key virulence factor released by mycobacterium tuberculosis in the cytosol of infected macrophages. so far only two unrelated macrophage components (vps33b, gsk3α) have been identified as ptpa substrates. as tyrosine phosphatases are capable of using multiple substrates, we developed an improved methodology to pull down novel ptpa substrates from an enriched p-y macrophage extract using the mutant ptpa d126a. this methodology reduced non-speci ... | 2015 | 25743628 |
| mce4f mycobacterium tuberculosis protein peptides can inhibit invasion of human cell lines. | this work was aimed at studying the mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv rv3494c protein, taking into account that it belongs to the mammalian cell entry family (mce) which is thought to have important functions in the disease's pathogenesis. the protein was characterized in silico; its presence on mycobacterial surface was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. high-activity binding peptides (habps) were identified by binding assays with (125)i; their ability to inhibit mycobacterial entry to two ... | 2015 | 25743470 |
| synthesis and biotinylation of oligosaccharide fragments of mannosylated and 5-deoxy-5-methylthio-xylofuranosylated lipoarabinomannan from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the attachment of biotin to a molecule provides a powerful tool in biology. here, we report an efficient synthesis and biotinylation of mannosylated and 5-deoxy-5-methylthio-xylofuranosylated lipoarabinomannan from mycobacterium tuberculosis. preparation of the oligosaccharides involved the sequential addition of thioglycoside donors with arabinofuranosyl-containing acceptors. methylthio group was introduced near the end of the synthesis. | 2015 | 25742868 |
| in-vitro activity of avermectins against mycobacterium ulcerans. | mycobacterium ulcerans causes buruli ulcer (bu), a debilitating infection of subcutaneous tissue. there is a who-recommended antibiotic treatment requiring an 8-week course of streptomycin and rifampicin. this regime has revolutionized the treatment of bu but there are problems that include reliance on daily streptomycin injections and side effects such as ototoxicity. trials of all-oral treatments for bu show promise but additional drug combinations that make bu treatment safer and shorter woul ... | 2015 | 25742173 |
| nocardia co-infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) remains as one of the most serious infectious diseases in the world. pulmonary tuberculosis can occur with other pulmonary diseases caused by opportunistic organisms such as nocardia spp. particularly in immunocompromised patients. therefore, diagnosis of co-infection at the early stage of the disease could be lifesaving. | 2014 | 25741428 |
| synthesis of novel pleuromutilin derivatives. part 1: preliminary studies of antituberculosis activity. | the worldwide threat from tuberculosis (tb) has resulted in great demand for new drugs, particularly those that can treat multidrug-resistant tb. we synthesized novel pleuromutilin derivatives with n-benzylamine side chain substituted at the c14 position and evaluated their activity in vitro against a virulent strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis (h37rv). the primary assay results showed that five compounds inhibited the h37rv at 20μm, with a mic of one of the analogues as low as 7.2μm. | 2015 | 25736994 |
| clonality and micro-diversity of a nationwide spreading genotype of mycobacterium tuberculosis in japan. | mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission routes can be estimated from genotypic analysis of clinical isolates from patients. in japan, still a middle-incidence country of tb, a unique genotype strain designated as 'm-strain' has been isolated nationwide recently. to ascertain the history of the wide spread of the strain, 10 clinical isolates from different areas were subjected to genome-wide analysis based on deep sequencers. results show that all isolates possessed common mutations to those of r ... | 2015 | 25734518 |
| drivers and trajectories of resistance to new first-line drug regimens for tuberculosis. | new first-line drug regimens for treatment of tuberculosis (tb) are in clinical trials: emergence of resistance is a key concern. because population-level data on resistance cannot be collected in advance, epidemiological models are important tools for understanding the drivers and dynamics of resistance before novel drug regimens are launched. | 2014 | 25734143 |
| recombinant bacille calmette-guerin coexpressing ag85b, cfp10, and interleukin-12 elicits effective protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the tuberculosis (tb) pandemic remains a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality, despite widespread use of the only licensed anti-tb vaccine, bacille calmette-guerin (bcg). the protective efficacy of bcg in preventing pulmonary tb is highly variable; therefore, an effective new vaccine is urgently required. | 2017 | 25732698 |
| esx/type vii secretion systems of mycobacteria: insights into evolution, pathogenicity and protection. | pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on the secretion of key virulence factors, such as the 6 kda early secreted antigenic target esat-6 (esxa) and its protein partner, the 10 kda culture filtrate protein cfp-10 (esxb), via the esx-1 secretion system. esx-1 represents the prototype system of the recently named type vii secretion systems that exist in a range of actinobacteria. the m. tuberculosis genome harbours a total of five gene clusters potentially coding for type vii secretio ... | 2015 | 25732627 |
| sublineages of mycobacterium tuberculosis beijing genotype strains and unfavorable outcomes of anti-tuberculosis treatment. | the influence of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) lineages/sublineages on unfavorable tuberculosis (tb) treatment outcomes is poorly understood. we investigated the effects of beijing genotype sublineages and other factors contributing to treatment outcome. patients newly diagnosed with sputum smear-positive and culture-positive tb in hanoi, vietnam, participated in the study. after receiving anti-tb treatment, they were intensively followed up for the next 16 months. mtb isolates collected befo ... | 2015 | 25732626 |
| large-scale whole genome sequencing of m. tuberculosis provides insights into transmission in a high prevalence area. | to improve understanding of the factors influencing tuberculosis transmission and the role of pathogen variation, we sequenced all available specimens from patients diagnosed over 15 years in a whole district in malawi. mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages were assigned and transmission networks constructed, allowing ≤10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) difference. we defined disease as due to recent infection if the network-determined source was within 5 years, and assessed transmissibilit ... | 2015 | 25732036 |
| [the virulence factors of mycobacterium tuberculosis: genetic control, new conceptions]. | the problem of mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence, together with drug resistance, is becoming key for the design of drugs with a new mechanism of action and the production of modern concepts and tuberculosis treatment schemes. the review describes gene complexes and their products, including mycolic acids and global regulatory systems at the level of transcriptional, translational, and post-translational modification, etc. the criteria for selection of virulence/pathogenicity factors that migh ... | 2014 | 25731019 |
| the dosr regulon modulates adaptive immunity and is essential for mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence. | hypoxia promotes dormancy by causing physiologic changes to actively replicating mycobacterium tuberculosis. dosr controls the response of m. tuberculosis to hypoxia. | 2015 | 25730547 |
| a bacterial cyclic dinucleotide activates the cytosolic surveillance pathway and mediates innate resistance to tuberculosis. | detection of cyclic-di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp), a bacterial second messenger, by the host cytoplasmic surveillance pathway (csp) is known to elicit type i interferon (ifn) responses, which are crucial to antimicrobial defense. however, the mechanisms and role of c-di-amp signaling in mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence remain unclear. here we show that resistance to tuberculosis requires csp-mediated detection of c-di-amp produced by m. tuberculosis and that levels of c-di-amp modula ... | 2015 | 25730264 |
| tuberculosis of the neuromusculoskeletal system: a review of two cases presenting as chiropractic patients. | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major public heath problem world-wide, particularly in low-income countries. increased number of immunocompromised patients and immigration from countries where tuberculosis is endemic has resulted in increased number of cases in high-income countries. tuberculosis can affect any organ system, but is of particular interest to chiropractors when it affects the neuromusculoskeletal system. patients with tuberculosis of the neuromusculoskeletal ... | 2015 | 25729081 |
| proteasomal control of cytokinin synthesis protects mycobacterium tuberculosis against nitric oxide. | one of several roles of the mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome is to defend against host-produced nitric oxide (no), a free radical that can damage numerous biological macromolecules. mutations that inactivate proteasomal degradation in mycobacterium tuberculosis result in bacteria that are hypersensitive to no and attenuated for growth in vivo, but it was not known why. to elucidate the link between proteasome function, no resistance, and pathogenesis, we screened for suppressors of no hyper ... | 2015 | 25728768 |
| antimycobacterial activity of peptide conjugate of pyridopyrimidine derivative against mycobacterium tuberculosis in a series of in vitro and in vivo models. | new pyridopyrimidine derivatives were defined using a novel hts in silico docking method (frigate). the target protein was a dutpase enzyme (ec 3.6.1.23; rv2697) which plays a key role in nucleotide biosynthesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). top hit molecules were assayed in vitro for their antimycobacterial effect on mtb h37rv culture. in order to enhance the cellular uptake rate, the tb820 compound was conjugated to a peptid-based carrier and a nanoparticle type delivery system (polylac ... | 2015 | 25728610 |
| regulatory t-cell subsets in response to specific mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in vitro distinguish among individuals with different qtf and tst reactivity. | regulatory t cells (tregs), a subset of cd4+ t cells related with immune regulation, have been associated with active and latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi). treg frequencies were evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry (fc) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) stimulated with mycobacterial antigens esat-6, cfp-10, and tb7.7 to assess their capacity to distinguish subjects with different reactivity to the quantiferon-tb® gold in-tube (qft-it) test and the tuberculin skin test (tst). in ... | 2015 | 25728490 |
| development of sample clean up methods for the analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis methyl mycocerosate biomarkers in sputum extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a proof of principle gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method is presented, in combination with clean up assays, aiming to improve the analysis of methyl mycocerosate tuberculosis biomarkers from sputum. methyl mycocerosates are generated from the transesterification of phthiocerol dimycocerosates (pdims), extracted in petroleum ether from sputum of tuberculosis suspect patients. when a high matrix background is present in the sputum extracts, the identification of the chromatographic peaks c ... | 2015 | 25728371 |
| direct detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum using combined solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | recently, thermally-assisted hydrolysis and methylation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (thm-gc-ms) in combination with chemometrics has been used to develop a 20-compound model for fast differentiation of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) from non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in bacterial cultures. this model provided better than 95% accuracy. in our current work a hexane/methanol/water extraction followed by a solid phase extraction (spe) clean-up procedure was developed for ... | 2015 | 25728368 |
| congenital tuberculosis: presentation of a rare case. | congenital tuberculosis is a rare disease with a high mortality rate. congenital tuberculosis is considered the result of mother-to-child transmission from the placenta to the fetus, through the ingestion of the amniotic fluid, or via transplacental transmission through the umbilical vein. given the non-specific clinical signs of tuberculosis, it is usually difficult to diagnose it. the case of a 48-day-old male infant hospitalized due to weight loss, fever, cough, hemoptysis, and respiratory di ... | 2015 | 25727833 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis dna on the oral mucosa of tuberculosis patients. | diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) usually includes laboratory analysis of sputum, a viscous material derived from deep in the airways of patients with active disease. as a diagnostic sample matrix, sputum can be difficult to collect and analyze by microbiological and molecular techniques. an alternative, less invasive sample matrix could greatly simplify tb diagnosis. we hypothesized that mycobacterium tuberculosis cells or dna accumulate on the oral epithelia of pulmonary tb patients, an ... | 2015 | 25727773 |
| phylogeny to function: pe/ppe protein evolution and impact on mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenicity. | the pe/ppe genes represent one of the most intriguing aspects of the mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. these genes are especially abundant in pathogenic mycobacteria, with more than 160 members in m. tuberculosis. despite being discovered over 15 years ago, their function remains unclear, although various lines of evidence implicate selected family members in mycobacterial virulence. in this review, we use pe/ppe phylogeny as a framework within which we examine the diversity and putative functi ... | 2015 | 25727695 |
| 3d-qsar and molecular modeling studies on 2,3-dideoxy hexenopyranosid-4-uloses as anti-tubercular agents targeting alpha-mannosidase. | ligand-based and structure-based methods were applied in combination to exploit the physicochemical properties of 2,3-dideoxy hex-2-enopyranosid-4-uloses against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. statistically valid 3d-qsar models with good correlation and predictive power were obtained with comfa steric and electrostatic fields (r(2) = 0.797, q(2) = 0.589) and comsia with combined steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bond acceptor fields (r(2) = 0.867, q(2) = 0.570) based on training ... | 2015 | 25727263 |
| decompression of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes due to mycobacterium tuberculosis causing severe airway obstruction in children. | large airway compression by enlarged tuberculosis (tb) lymph nodes results in life-threatening airway obstruction in a small proportion of children. the indications, safety, and efficacy of tb lymph node decompression are inadequately described. this study aims to describe the indications and efficacy of tb lymph node decompression in children with severe airway compression and investigate variables influencing outcome. | 2015 | 25725929 |
| genital tuberculosis in the infertile women - an update. | tuberculosis is endemic in many developing countries of the world including bangladesh. genital tuberculosis is a significant cause of infertility in the women of these countries. the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis in infertile women is difficult as most of the cases are usually asymptomatic. a high index of clinical suspicion is required. genital tuberculosis always affects the fallopian tubes. it affects the endometrium in half of the cases. in addition to tuberculin skin tests and interfer ... | 2015 | 25725695 |
| anti-mycobacterial triterpenes from the canadian medicinal plant alnus incana. | alnus incana, commonly known as the gray or speckled alder, is a medicinal plant used by some canadian first nations to treat symptoms associated with tuberculosis. the aim of this study was to assess the anti-mycobacterial activity of an alnus incana bark extract and to identify the active constituents of the extract. | 2015 | 25725435 |
| definite (microbiologically confirmed) tuberculous meningitis: predictors and prognostic impact. | microbiological confirmation cannot be obtained in approximately two-third patients with tuberculous meningitis. in this study, we sought to identify epidemiological, clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and imaging parameters that could indicate the possibility of microbiological confirmation among patients with suspected tuberculous meningitis. | 2015 | 25724799 |
| detection of novel and reported mutations in the rpob, katg and inha genes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis isolates: a hospital-based study. | the objective of this study was to detect mutations associated with isoniazid (inh) and rifampicin (rif) resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from newly diagnosed and previously treated tuberculosis patients using a pcr-based dna sequencing technique. phenotypic drug susceptibility testing was performed using a bactec™ micromgit culture system in 354 m. tuberculosis isolates. among the 354 isolates, 18 were multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb). pcr-based dna sequencing was perf ... | 2015 | 27873643 |
| tuberculous bursitis of the greater trochanter mimicking ankylosing spondylitis. | tuberculous trochanteric bursitis (ttb) is a rare condition that accounts for 1% of musculoskeletal tuberculosis cases. extrapulmonary tb is usually diagnosed late because of reduced diagnostic suspicion, particularly in the absence of signs of systemic infection. herein, we report a case of right hip pain that was misdiagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis. the patient had a history of inflammatory back pain with morning stiffness. however, hla-b27 was negative. sacroiliac magnetic resonance imagin ... | 2015 | 27708917 |
| prognostic significance of novel katg mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | by using whole genome sequencing (wgs), researchers are beginning to understand the genetic diversity of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and its consequences for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) on a genomic scale. the global consortium for drug-resistant tb diagnostics (gcdd) conducted a genome scale variant analyses of 366 clinical mtb genomes (mostly mdr/xdr [extensively drug resistant]) from four countries in order to inform the development of rapid molecular diagn ... | 2015 | 27695670 |
| molecular model of hemoglobin n from mycobacterium tuberculosis bound to lipid bilayers: a combined spectroscopic and computational study. | a singular aspect of the 2-on-2 hemoglobin structures of groups i and ii is the presence of tunnels linking the protein surface to the distal heme pocket, supporting the storage and the diffusion of small apolar ligands to/from the buried active site. as the solubility of apolar ligands is greater in biological membranes than in solution, the association of these proteins with biological membranes may improve the efficiency of ligand capture. as very little is known on this subject, we have inve ... | 2015 | 25723781 |
| elbow mycobacterium tuberculosis in america. | | 2017 | 25722623 |
| evaluation of geno type mtbdrplus line probe assay for early detection of drug resistance in tuberculous meningitis patients in india. | molecular methods which allow for rapid and reliable detection of drug resistance have yet not been sufficiently evaluated for timely management of patients with tuberculous meningitis. | 2017 | 25722613 |