| clinic- and hospital-based sentinel influenza surveillance, uganda 2007-2010. | to assess the epidemiology and seasonality of influenza in uganda, we established a sentinel surveillance system for influenza in 5 hospitals and 5 outpatient clinics in 4 geographically distinct regions, using standard case definitions for influenzalike illness (ili) and severe acute respiratory illness (sari). | 2012 | 23169978 |
| [monitoring of influenza virus b and clinical features of pediatric pneumonia caused by influenza virus b only]. | to investigate the epidemiological features of influenza virus b (ivb) in the winter and the clinical features of pediatric pneumonia caused by ivb only. | 2012 | 23146729 |
| seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy and its determinants in children and non-elderly adults: a systematic review with meta-analyses of controlled trials. | the true level of influenza vaccine efficacy is controversial and many factors may influence its estimation. | 2012 | 23142300 |
| evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of a potential rapid influenza screening system. | influenza remains a serious worldwide health threat with numerous deaths attributed to influenza-related complications. it is likely that transmission of influenza and both the morbidity and mortality of influenza could be reduced if inexpensive but reliable influenza screening assays were more available to the general public or local medical treatment facilities. this report provides the initial evaluation of a pilot system designed by lucigen corp. (middleton, wi, usa) as a potential rapid nea ... | 2013 | 23083638 |
| evaluation of five rapid diagnostic kits for influenza a/b virus. | influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics associated with high morbidity and mortality. however, even during periods of epidemic prevalence, clinical diagnoses are problematic. rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of pandemic influenza a/b virus are valuable for their ease of use. many rapid influenza diagnostic kits were introduced recently in the republic of korea (rok), including directizen ez flu a and b (becton dickinson, sparks, usa), binax now influenza a/b antigen kit (binax, portla ... | 2013 | 22989409 |
| utility of maoto in an influenza season where reduced effectiveness of oseltamivir was observed - a clinical, non-randomized study in children. | in an influenza season where reduced effectiveness of oseltamivir was observed, we investigated the effectiveness of maoto for influenza infection in children. | 2012 | 22964983 |
| persistence of influenza vaccine-induced antibody in lung transplant patients and healthy individuals beyond the season. | the timing of influenza vaccination and susceptibility to re-circulating virus in the population is influenced by the persistence of seroprotection. immunosuppressed transplant patients are known to have lower antibody response rates than healthy individuals, but acceptable antibody concentrations are achieved. the duration of this seroprotection beyond a single season has not been evaluated in either healthy or immunosuppressed populations. | 2012 | 22906937 |
| highly conserved protective epitopes on influenza b viruses. | identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza a viruses has raised hopes for the development of monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy and "universal" vaccines for influenza. however, a substantial part of the annual flu burden is caused by two cocirculating, antigenically distinct lineages of influenza b viruses. here, we report human monoclonal antibodies, cr8033, cr8071, and cr9114, that protect mice against lethal challenge from both lineages. antibodies cr8033 and cr8 ... | 2012 | 22878502 |
| evaluation of sofia fluorescent immunoassay analyzer for influenza a/b virus. | the influenza virus causes seasonal epidemics which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. rapid diagnostics tests (rdt) are frequently used to make a quick influenza diagnosis to confirm the clinical suspicion, despite their low sensitivity. | 2012 | 22871494 |
| effect of influenza vaccines against mismatched strains: a systematic review protocol. | influenza vaccines are most effective when the antigens in the vaccine match those of circulating influenza strains. the extent to which the vaccine is protective when circulating strains differ from vaccine antigens, or are mismatched, is uncertain. we propose to systematically review the cross-protection offered by influenza vaccines against circulating influenza a or b viruses that are not antigenically well-matched to vaccine strains. | 2012 | 22846340 |
| comparison of xpert flu rapid nucleic acid testing with rapid antigen testing for the diagnosis of influenza a and b. | influenza infections are associated with thousands of hospital admissions and deaths each year. rapid detection of influenza is important for prompt initiation of antiviral therapy and appropriate patient triage. in this study the cepheid xpert flu assay was compared with two rapid antigen tests, binaxnow influenza a & b and bd directigen ez flu a+b, as well as direct fluorescent antibody testing for the rapid detection of influenza a and b. using real-time, hydrolysis probe-based, reverse trans ... | 2012 | 22841669 |
| evolutionary history and phylodynamics of influenza a and b neuraminidase (na) genes inferred from large-scale sequence analyses. | influenza neuraminidase (na) is an important surface glycoprotein and plays a vital role in viral replication and drug development. the na is found in influenza a and b viruses, with nine subtypes classified in influenza a. the complete knowledge of influenza na evolutionary history and phylodynamics, although critical for the prevention and control of influenza epidemics and pandemics, remains lacking. | 2012 | 22808012 |
| a novel high-speed droplet-polymerase chain reaction can detect human influenza virus in less than 30 min. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been widely used for diagnosis of infection. rapid detection of influenza virus is useful for therapeutic decisions. we attempted to develop a novel assay by real-time droplet-pcr machine for influenza virus. | 2012 | 22750331 |
| humoral immune response to influenza vaccine in natalizumab-treated ms patients. | natalizumab is a drug with documented efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (rrms). the mechanism of action of natalizumab has immunosuppressive properties and it is not yet investigated if treatment with natalizumab affects the immunological response to vaccination. this study aims to investigate the humoral immune response to influenza vaccine while undergoing treatment with natalizumab. | 2012 | 22709910 |
| epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza in the western pacific region of the world health organization, 2006-2010. | influenza causes yearly seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics. global systems have been established to monitor the evolution and impact of influenza viruses, yet regional analysis of surveillance findings has been limited. this study describes epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza during 2006-2010 in the world health organization's western pacific region. | 2012 | 22675427 |
| postexposure prophylaxis for influenza in pediatric wards oseltamivir or zanamivir after rapid antigen detection. | postexposure prophylaxis (pep) using neuraminidase inhibitors against exposure to influenza virus has been well studied in household settings but not in nosocomial settings in pediatric wards. | 2012 | 22634596 |
| subtype- and antigenic site-specific differences in biophysical influences on evolution of influenza virus hemagglutinin. | influenza virus undergoes rapid evolution by both antigenic shift and antigenic drift. antibodies, particularly those binding near the receptor-binding site of hemagglutinin (ha) or the neuraminidase (na) active site, are thought to be the primary defense against influenza infection, and mutations in antibody binding sites can reduce or eliminate antibody binding. the binding of antibodies to their cognate antigens is governed by such biophysical properties of the interacting surfaces as shape, ... | 2012 | 22569196 |
| influenza b-associated encephalopathy in two adults. | influenza virus is associated with a variety of neurological complications, of which the most commonly encountered are seizures and encephalopathy. acute encephalitis and postinfectious encephalopathy have been reported infrequently in association with influenza a and b virus infections. we describe two previously healthy adults who presented with encephalopathy with a virologically documented influenza b infection. | 2012 | 22526386 |
| rapid diagnosis of influenza: an evaluation of two commercially available rt-pcr assays. | to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of influenza virus detection by two commercial reverse transcriptase pcr methods compared with a reference real-time pcr. | 2012 | 22522291 |
| clinical effectiveness of peramivir in comparison with other neuraminidase inhibitors in pediatric influenza patients. | the currently used antivirals in the treatment of influenza in japan include amantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir, and peramivir. we compared the efficacy of intravenous peramivir with that of other neuraminidase inhibitors for treating pediatric influenza. the present study included 223 influenza patients (≤18 years) who presented at the hikita pediatric clinic between february and april 2011. we compared fever duration after starting treatment with antiviral drugs. because inhalatio ... | 2012 | 22518184 |
| local spatial and temporal processes of influenza in pennsylvania, usa: 2003-2009. | influenza is a contagious respiratory disease responsible for annual seasonal epidemics in temperate climates. an understanding of how influenza spreads geographically and temporally within regions could result in improved public health prevention programs. the purpose of this study was to summarize the spatial and temporal spread of influenza using data obtained from the pennsylvania department of health's influenza surveillance system. | 2012 | 22470544 |
| a comparative study of human tlr 7/8 stimulatory trimer compositions in influenza a viral genomes. | variation in the genomes of single-stranded rna viruses affects their infectivity and pathogenicity in two ways. first, viral genome sequence variations lead to changes in viral protein sequences and activities. second, viral genome sequence variation produces diversity at the level of nucleotide composition and diversity in the interactions between viral rnas and host toll-like receptors (tlrs). a viral genome-typing method based on this type of diversity has not yet been established. | 2012 | 22363482 |
| latitudinal patterns of travel among returned travelers with influenza: results from the geosentinel surveillance network, 1997-2007. | influenza is a common vaccine-preventable disease among international travelers, but few data exist to guide use of reciprocal hemisphere or out-of-season vaccines. | 2015 | 22221805 |
| respiratory viruses transmission from children to adults within a household. | the aim of this study was to examine the rate of transmission of influenza and other respiratory viruses from children attending an emergency department to their family members in the household using active surveillance. | 2012 | 22119589 |
| detection of respiratory viruses on air filters from aircraft. | to evaluate the feasibility of identifying viruses from aircraft cabin air, we evaluated whether respiratory viruses trapped by commercial aircraft air filters can be extracted and detected using a multiplex pcr, bead-based assay. | 2011 | 21707676 |
| reduction in the incidence of influenza a but not influenza b associated with use of hand sanitizer and cough hygiene in schools: a randomized controlled trial. | laboratory-based evidence is lacking regarding the efficacy of nonpharmaceutical interventions (npis) such as alcohol-based hand sanitizer and respiratory hygiene to reduce the spread of influenza. | 2011 | 21691245 |
| use of antiviral prophylaxis in influenza outbreaks in long term care facilities. | influenza is a major cause of illness and death in residents of long term care facilities for the elderly, in part because residents' age and underlying illness increase the risk of serious complications, and in part because institutional living increases the risk of influenza outbreaks. the administration of antiviral medications active against influenza to persons exposed to influenza has been shown to protect them effectively from illness, and mass antiviral prophylaxis of residents is an eff ... | 2000 | 18159289 |
| clinical benefits with oseltamivir in treating influenza in adult populations : results of a pooled and subgroup analysis. | influenza is a potentially life-threatening illness that affects approximately 10% of the population annually, with resulting personal misery and societal disruption. oseltamivir is a novel influenza treatment that has been extensively investigated. we describe a series of retrospective analyses investigating various measures of clinical efficacy across different populations of influenza-infected patients enrolled in studies of oseltamivir (tamiflu((r))) that were conducted within the clinical d ... | 2003 | 17535069 |
| specificity of neuraminidase activity from influenza viruses isolated in different hosts tested with novel substrates. | influenza a and b viruses isolated in vero and madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells as well as in fertilised hen eggs were tested for the specificity of their neuraminidase (na) activity. novel glycoconjugates with variations of terminally bound sialic acid mimicking the three main receptor types for influenza viruses were synthesised. these new substrates together with the lectin from ricinus communis were used in a solid phase microtitre assay for the detection of na specificity. egg or mdck ... | 2004 | 15503202 |
| effects of prebiotics on the immune response to vaccination in the elderly. | prebiotics stimulate the growth of bifidogenic bacteria in the gut. the aim of this work was to assess the effects of a prebiotic mixture on the immune response in healthy elderly people. | 2017 | 12405649 |
| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as immunomodulating factor together with influenza vaccination in stem cell transplant patients. | the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) on the serological response at influenza vaccination was studied in 117 patients who had undergone stem cell transplantation (sct). the vaccine response was evaluated as significant increases in levels of influenza hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) antibodies and of igg antibodies measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). there was no difference in antibody response to either influenza a or b in 64 patients who ... | 2000 | 10671339 |
| control of influenza: when do i use amantadine? | influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in canada yearly despite the availability of vaccine and the antiviral drug amantadine (symmetrel®). vaccine is prepared annually against specific subtypes of influenza a and b that are anticipated to predominate during the winter months. the vaccine should be given in early autumn to patients considered at high risk for the sequelae of influenza. amantadine, which was first marketed for the treatment of influenza in the early 1960s, is effect ... | 1989 | 21249092 |
| [reye syndrome]. | clinical course, laboratory findings and histopathological features of reye's syndrome as described. etiological and pathogenetic aspects are still under discussion although a viral infection preceding reye's syndrome is a very common finding. preceding influenza b, influenza a and varicella infections were most often seen in the united states. a genetic disposition seems to exists in some cases. exogenic factors of pathogenetic relevances are aflatoxin, emulging agents, insecticides, paracetamo ... | 1987 | 3317005 |
| statistical procedures for estimating the community probability of illness in family studies: rhinovirus and influenza. | a statistical method is presented for determining acquisition rates of illness from community sources of infection and for distinguishing among viruses which are associated with different epidemic seasons. the new method consists of a computationally simple procedure for estimating the community transmission parameter and the standard error of the estimator. this method, as well as a previously developed maximum likelihood procedure, is applied to illness data as a means for distinguishing among ... | 1984 | 6321368 |
| a clinical trial with alice/r-75 strain, live attenuated serum inhibitor-resistant intranasal bivalent influenza a/b vaccine. | a clinical trial was conducted with alice/r-75 strain live attenuated intranasal influenza a/b vaccine. with double blind control 88 adult volunteers were administered 2 doses of alice/r-75 vaccine, 93 volunteers received one dose of alice/r-75 vaccine and one dose placebo solution and 94 subjects were administered 2 doses of placebo solution. twenty-three other subjects received alice strain monovalent influenza a vaccine. for comparison, data from 21 subjects who received monovalent intranasal ... | 1979 | 375050 |
| effect of isoprinosine against influenza and some other viruses causing respiratory diseases. | the antiviral activity of isoprinosine was tested in tissue cultures and mice. in tissue cultures, concentrations of 25 to 100 mug/ml inhibited the infectivity of influenza and herpes hominis viruses but not parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, or adenovirus. among different strains of influenza a, there was considerable variability in the inhibitory concentration of isoprinosine. for influenza b, a zone effect was observed in the inhibitory drug concentration. oral prophylactic administration of is ... | 1972 | 4790561 |
| a case of cardiogenic shock secondary to complement-mediated myopericarditis from influenza b infection. | influenza b is a rare cause of myocarditis that is usually caused by histiocytic and mononuclear cellular infiltrates. we describe a 22-year-old female patient presenting with fulminant myopericarditis secondary to influenza b infection that deteriorated to cardiogenic shock. endomyocardial biopsy results yielded myocardial necrosis through complement-mediated cellular injury without evidence of interstitial infiltrates. the rare cause of this patient's disease, along with the unique pathologic ... | 2017 | 28844428 |
| outbreaks of influenza b infection and pneumococcal pneumonia at a mental health facility in japan. | japan has an aging population and an increasing number of patients who reside in long-term care and mental health facilities. both pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza b infection outbreaks have been observed in these populations, although no reports have described concurrent outbreaks of pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza b infection in these facilities. | 2017 | 28838778 |
| broadly protective murine monoclonal antibodies against influenza b virus target highly conserved neuraminidase epitopes. | a substantial proportion of influenza-related childhood deaths are due to infection with influenza b viruses, which co-circulate in the human population as two antigenically distinct lineages defined by the immunodominant receptor binding protein, haemagglutinin. while broadly cross-reactive, protective monoclonal antibodies against the haemagglutinin of influenza b viruses have been described, none targeting the neuraminidase, the second most abundant viral glycoprotein, have been reported. her ... | 2017 | 28827718 |
| benign acute childhood myositis during influenza b outbreak. | benign acute childhood myositis (bacm) is a syndrome classically occurring in children during the convalescent phase from a febrile upper respiratory tract infection, most commonly after influenza b. bacm can cause difficulty walking due to severe calf pain. laboratory results show increased serum creatinine kinase and ast. although alarming, bacm is self-limiting with symptoms disappearing within a week. herein, we described a case series of bcam in children in two cities in poland during the i ... | 2017 | 28795360 |
| pathogenicity and peramivir efficacy in immunocompromised murine models of influenza b virus infection. | influenza b viruses are important human pathogens that remain inadequately studied, largely because available animal models are poorly defined. here, we developed an immunocompromised murine models for influenza b virus infection, which we subsequently used to study pathogenicity and to examine antiviral efficacy of the neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir. we studied three influenza b viruses that represent both the yamagata (b/massachusetts/2/2012 and b/phuket/3073/2013) and victoria (b/brisbane/ ... | 2017 | 28779075 |
| encephalopathy associated with influenza b in a healthy young man. | a 19-year-old man presented with a fever, convulsions, and loss of consciousness at our hospital. the patient had a glasgow coma scale score of 12. influenza b virus infection was diagnosed using the rapid test kit, and an eight-fold increase in the serum levels of anti-influenza b virus antibody was confirmed using the complement fixation test. brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multifocal high-signal lesions, and an electroencephalogram showed diffuse slowing of the background activity, i ... | 2017 | 28717095 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent influenza vaccine in adults 65 years of age and older. | frequent mismatches between the predominant circulating b strain lineage and the b strain lineage in trivalent influenza vaccines have resulted in missed opportunities to prevent influenza illness. quadrivalent influenza vaccines containing b strains from each of the two lineages have been developed for improved prevention of influenza b infections. here, we describe the results of a phase iii, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, multicenter trial examining the safety and immunogenicity ... | 2017 | 28700265 |
| influenza b meningoencephalitis. | | 2017 | 28690035 |
| rationale for two influenza b lineages in seasonal vaccines: a meta-regression study on immunogenicity and controlled field trials. | b lineage mismatch prompted introduction of quadri-valent influenza vaccines (qiv) with two influenza b viruses representing distinct antigenic lineages. to explore the impact on antibody induction and vaccine effectiveness predicted from antibody (veab), we performed a systematic literature search on immunogenicity studies conducted to assess antibody superiority of qiv over trivalent influenza vaccine (tiv). thirteen relevant articles described 31 trials from 2007 and 2013. log-transformed gmt ... | 2017 | 28655451 |
| a systematic review of the health economic consequences of quadrivalent influenza vaccination. | quadrivalent influenza vaccines (qivs) contain antigens derived from an additional influenza type b virus as compared with currently used trivalent influenza vaccines (tivs). this should overcome a potential reduced vaccine protection due to mismatches between tiv and circulating b viruses. in this study, we systematically reviewed the available literature on health economic evaluations of switching from tiv to qiv. areas covered: the databases of medline and embase were searched systematically ... | 2017 | 28613092 |
| first report of immunogenic vasculitis with wunderlich's syndrome following influenza b infection in a previously immunocompetent woman. | | 2017 | 28595807 |
| development and identification of a new vero cell-based live attenuated influenza b vaccine by a modified classical reassortment method. | it was to generate a new vero and cold-adapted live attenuated influenza b vaccine with enough safety and immunogenicity. | 2017 | 28581345 |
| a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending-dose study to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of an anti-influenza b virus monoclonal antibody, mhab5553a, in healthy volunteers. | influenza b can cause significant morbidity and mortality. mhab5553a, a human monoclonal immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) antibody that binds to a highly conserved region of the hemagglutinin protein of influenza b virus, is being examined as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of influenza b patients with severe disease. this phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending-dose study was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (pk) of mhab5553a. twen ... | 2017 | 28559255 |
| [benign acute childhood myositis: clinical series and literature review]. | benign acute childhood myositis (bacm) is a rare clinical condition that mainly affects pre-school and school age-children. it is usually preceded by a viral illness, particularly influenza virus infection. | 2017 | 28542661 |
| epidemiology of influenza b/yamagata and b/victoria lineages in south africa, 2005-2014. | studies describing the epidemiology of influenza b lineages in south africa are lacking. | 2017 | 28542324 |
| corrigendum: a broadly protective therapeutic antibody against influenza b virus with two mechanisms of action. | this corrects the article doi: 10.1038/ncomms14234. | 2017 | 28541305 |
| a review of the value of quadrivalent influenza vaccines and their potential contribution to influenza control. | the contribution of influenza b to the seasonal influenza burden varies from year-to-year. although 2 antigenically distinct influenza b virus lineages have co-circulated since 2001, trivalent influenza vaccines (tivs) contain antigens from only one influenza b virus. b-mismatch or co-circulation of both b lineages results in increased morbidity and mortality attributable to the b lineage absent from the vaccine. quadrivalent vaccines (qivs) contain both influenza b lineages. we reviewed current ... | 2017 | 28532276 |
| a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (vaxigrip®): summary of almost 50 years of experience and more than 1.8 billion doses distributed in over 120 countries. | vaxigrip, a trivalent split-virion, inactivated vaccine available since 1968 has been in use longer than any other influenza vaccine. it is the most widely-used influenza vaccine, with more than 1.8 billion doses distributed in more than 120 countries. areas covered: the significant body of evidence that confirms the efficacy, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of vaxigrip in healthy individuals of all ages and at-risk populations is summarized. the results from at least 15 randomized eff ... | 2017 | 28460594 |
| determination of influenza b identity and potency in quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines using lineage-specific monoclonal antibodies. | co-circulation of two antigenically and genetically distinct lineages of influenza b virus, represented by prototype viruses b/victoria/2/1987 and b/yamagata/16/1988, has led to the development of quadrivalent influenza vaccines that contain two influenza b antigens. the inclusion of two influenza b antigens presents challenges for the production and regulation of inactivated quadrivalent vaccines, including the potential for cross-reactivity of the reagents used in identity and potency assays b ... | 2017 | 28423025 |
| [prevalence and risk factors of respiratory viral infection in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | objective: to study the prevalence of respiratory viral infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(copd) exacerbations and to find the factors associated with susceptibility to viral infections. methods: eighty patients with exacerbations of copd and 50 stable copd patients were recruited. nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for a range of 18 different respiratory viruses using pcr. results: among the copd exacerbations, viral infection was detected in 18 episodes (22.5%) . the most common ... | 2017 | 28395404 |
| [kleine-levin syndrome: differential diagnosis in recurrent encephalitic syndromes in adolescence]. | the kleine-levin syndrome is a rare disease of unknown origin characterized by recurrent and self-limited episodes of hypersomnia that are also accompanied by a cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. patients present normal sleeping and behavior patterns between episodes. | 2017 | 28345736 |
| antiviral drug-resistant influenza b viruses carrying h134n substitution in neuraminidase, laos, february 2016. | in february 2016, three influenza b/victoria/2/87 lineage viruses exhibiting 4- to 158-fold reduced inhibition by neuraminidase inhibitors were detected in laos. these viruses had an h134n substitution in the neuraminidase and replicated efficiently in vitro and in ferrets. current antiviral drugs may be ineffective in controlling infections caused by viruses harboring this mutation. | 2017 | 28322707 |
| does seasonal vaccination affect the clinical presentation of influenza among the elderly? a cross-sectional analysis in the outpatient setting in france, 2003-2014. | vaccine-induced protection against influenza is not optimal, however it has been suggested that the vaccine may reduce the severity of symptoms among those who develop illness despite being vaccinated. we tested this hypothesis within a countrywide, sentinel general practitioners-based surveillance system in france. we included 2277 individuals aged 65years or older (of whom 1293 had been vaccinated against influenza, 56.8%) who consulted a general practitioner because of an acute respiratory in ... | 2017 | 28291646 |
| electronic alerts improve immunization rates in two-month-old premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. | to determine if an electronic alert improves 2 month immunization rates in infants remaining hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. | 2017 | 28246672 |
| whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of influenza b/phuket/3073/2013-like viruses and unique reassortants detected in malaysia between 2012 and 2014. | reassortment of genetic segments between and within influenza b lineages (victoria and yamagata) has been shown to generate novel reassortants with unique genetic characteristics. based on hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes, recent surveillance study has identified reassortment properties in b/phuket/3073/2013-like virus, which is currently used in the who-recommended influenza vaccine. to understand the potential reassortment patterns for all gene segments, four b/phuket/3073/2013- ... | 2017 | 28129386 |
| an in vitro fluorescence based study of initiation of rna synthesis by influenza b polymerase. | influenza polymerase replicates, via a complementary rna intermediate (crna), and transcribes the eight viral rna (vrna) genome segments. to initiate rna synthesis it is bound to the conserved 5΄ and 3΄ extremities of the vrna or crna (the 'promoter'). 5΄-3΄ base-pairing in the distal promoter region is essential to position the template rna at the polymerase active site, as shown by a new crystal structure with the 3΄ end threading through the template entry tunnel. we develop fluorescence pola ... | 2017 | 28126917 |
| spatio-temporal patterns of proportions of influenza b cases. | we studied the spatio-temporal patterns of the proportions of influenza b cases out of all typed cases, with data from 139 countries and regions downloaded from the flunet compiled by the world health organization, from january 2006 to october 2015. we restricted our analysis to 34 countries that reported more than 2,000 confirmations for each of types a and b over the study period. globally, we found that pearson's correlation is greater than 0.6 between effective distance from mexico and the p ... | 2017 | 28067277 |
| antisynthetase syndrome and influenza b, characteristic pulmonary involvement. | | 2017 | 28063779 |
| time to change dosing of inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in young children: evidence from a phase iii, randomized, controlled trial. | children under 3 years of age may benefit from a double-dose of inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (iiv4) instead of the standard-dose. | 2017 | 28062552 |
| influenza epidemiology in patients admitted to sentinel australian hospitals in 2015: the influenza complications alert network. | the influenza complications alert network (flucan) is a sentinel hospital-based surveillance program that operates at sites in all states and territories in australia. this report summarises the epidemiology of hospitalisations with laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2015 influenza season. in this observational study, cases were defined as patients admitted to one of the sentinel hospitals with an acute respiratory illness with influenza confirmed by nucleic acid detection. during the per ... | 2016 | 28043227 |
| flutracking weekly online community survey of influenza-like illness annual report, 2015. | flutracking is a national online community influenza-like illness (ili) surveillance system that monitors weekly ili activity and impact in the australian community. this article reports on the 2015 findings from flutracking. from 2014 to 2015 there was a 38.5% increase in participants to 27,824 completing at least 1 survey with a peak weekly response of 25,071 participants. the 2015 flutracking national ili weekly fever and cough percentages peaked in late august at 5.0% in the unvaccinated gro ... | 2016 | 28043226 |
| evolutionary dynamic of antigenic residues on influenza b hemagglutinin. | hemagglutinin (ha) of seasonal influenza virus evolves under positive selection pressure exerted by host immunity. it was previously shown that antigenic drift in different influenza b sublineages during different time periods distributed unevenly among different epitopes, and that more recent viruses up to 2007 might have their antigenic drift more focused on certain epitope. we further analyzed whether more recent influenza b viruses up to 2016 followed that same pattern of antigenic evolution ... | 2017 | 28024225 |
| extensive swelling of the limb and systemic symptoms after a fourth dose of acellular pertussis containing vaccines in england in children aged 3-6years. | extensive limb swelling (esl) after a booster dose of acellular pertussis (ap) containing vaccine can cause concern and has the potential to be confused with cellulitis. in the united kingdom ap-containing vaccine was introduced for primary immunisation at 2, 3 and 4months of age in 2004, with the first cohorts eligible to receive a fourth dose in 2007 at school entry. we assessed the frequency of esl (here defined as swelling >100mms diameter) in 973 children receiving a fourth dose of one of f ... | 2017 | 28017441 |
| cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent versus trivalent influenza vaccine in the united states. | designed to overcome influenza b mismatch, new quadrivalent influenza vaccines (qivs) contain one additional b strain compared with trivalent influenza vaccines (tivs). | 2016 | 27987647 |
| parameter scaling for epidemic size in a spatial epidemic model with mobile individuals. | in recent years, serious infectious diseases tend to transcend national borders and widely spread in a global scale. the incidence and prevalence of epidemics are highly influenced not only by pathogen-dependent disease characteristics such as the force of infection, the latent period, and the infectious period, but also by human mobility and contact patterns. however, the effect of heterogeneous mobility of individuals on epidemic outcomes is not fully understood. here, we aim to elucidate how ... | 2016 | 27973605 |
| fifteen years of epidemiologic, virologic and syndromic influenza surveillance: a focus on type b virus and the effects of vaccine mismatch in liguria region, italy. | in order to estimate the burden of influenza and to describe the genetic evolutionary pattern and antigenic variability of type b viral strains, data deriving from 3 surveillance systems active in liguria region, northern italy, were described. since the re-emergence of the victoria lineage in 2001, the clinical-epidemiological and syndromic surveillances demonstrated the heavy burden of influenza like illness (ili) syndrome. focusing on type b influenza virus, it predominated or played a releva ... | 2017 | 27924684 |
| review of seasonal influenza in canada: burden of disease and the cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines. | in the 2015/16 influenza season, the canadian national advisory committee on immunization (naci) recommended vaccination with quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (qiv) for infants aged 6-23 months and trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (tivs) or qivs in adults. the objective of this review (gsk study identifier: ho-13-14054) is to examine the epidemiology and disease burden of influenza in canada and the economic benefits of vaccination. to inform this review, we performed a systema ... | 2017 | 27858509 |
| estimating the lineage dynamics of human influenza b viruses. | the prediction of the lineage dynamics of influenza b viruses for the next season is one of the largest obstacles for constructing an appropriate influenza trivalent vaccine. seasonal fluctuation of transmissibility and epidemiological interference between the two major influenza b lineages make the lineage dynamics complicated. here we construct a parsimonious model describing the lineage dynamics while taking into account seasonal fluctuation of transmissibility and epidemiological interferenc ... | 2016 | 27829058 |
| estimation of influenza-attributable medically attended acute respiratory illness by influenza type/subtype and age, germany, 2001/02-2014/15. | the total burden of influenza in primary care is difficult to assess. the case definition of medically attended "acute respiratory infection" (maari) in the german physician sentinel is sensitive; however, it requires modelling techniques to derive estimates of disease attributable to influenza. we aimed to examine the impact of type/subtype and age. | 2017 | 27754611 |
| economic outcomes of influenza in hospitalized elderly with and without icu admission. | to describe direct medical costs of influenza in hospitalized elderly, with and without intensive care unit (icu) admission, during the 2014-2015 season in hong kong. | 2017 | 27740538 |
| thyroid storm presenting as psychosis: masked by diabetic ketoacidosis. | while extremely uncommon, diabetic ketoacidosis (dka) and thyroid storm (ts) are endocrine emergencies that can coexist. we describe a case with a confounding clinical presentation that identifies these two emergencies within the setting of sepsis and influenza. | 2016 | 27609719 |
| [benign acute childhood myositis: clinical series and literature review]. | benign acute childhood myositis (bacm) is a rare clinical condition that mainly affects pre-school and school age-children. it is usually preceded by a viral illness, particularly influenza virus infection. | 2016 | 27542581 |
| prediction of influenza b vaccine effectiveness from sequence data. | influenza is a contagious respiratory illness that causes significant human morbidity and mortality, affecting 5-15% of the population in a typical epidemic season. human influenza epidemics are caused by types a and b, with roughly 25% of human cases due to influenza b. influenza b is a single-stranded rna virus with a high mutation rate, and both prior immune history and vaccination put significant pressure on the virus to evolve. due to the high rate of viral evolution, the influenza b vaccin ... | 2016 | 27473305 |
| competitive fitness of influenza b viruses possessing e119a and h274y neuraminidase inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions in ferrets. | neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais) are the only antiviral drugs recommended for influenza treatment and prophylaxis. although nai-resistant influenza b viruses that could pose a threat to public health have been reported in the field, their fitness is poorly understood. we evaluated in ferrets the pathogenicity and relative fitness of reverse genetics (rg)-generated influenza b/yamanashi/166/1998-like viruses containing e119a or h274y na substitutions (n2 numbering). ferrets inoculated with na ... | 2016 | 27466813 |
| the clinical impact and cost effectiveness of quadrivalent versus trivalent influenza vaccination in finland. | trivalent influenza vaccines encompass one influenza b lineage; however, predictions have been unreliable on which of two antigenically distinct circulating lineages will dominate. quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines contain strains from both lineages. this analysis assesses the cost effectiveness of switching from trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination (tiv) in finland to quadrivalent vaccination, using inactivated (qiv) or live-attenuated (q-laiv) vaccines. | 2016 | 27423657 |
| available influenza vaccines: immunization strategies, history and new tools for fighting the disease. | the main public health strategy for containing influenza-related disease is annual vaccination, which is recommended for the elderly and others belonging to risk-factor categories, who present the highest morbidity and mortality, as reported by the world health organization (who) recommendations. the availability of different influenza vaccine formulations makes the choice of the best immunization strategy a challenge for stakeholders and public health experts. heterogeneity in at-risk categorie ... | 2016 | 27346939 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a cell culture-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine in adults: a phase iii, double-blind, multicenter, randomized, non-inferiority study. | quadrivalent influenza vaccines (qivs), which include both b lineage strains, are expected to provide broader protection than trivalent influenza vaccines (tivs). the non-inferiority, immunogenicity, and safety of a cell culture-based investigational qivc and 2 tivs (tiv1c, tiv2c), in adults (≥18 y), were evaluated in this phase iii, double-blind, multicenter study. a total of 2680 age-stratified subjects were randomized (2:1:1) to receive 1 dose of qivc (n = 1335), tiv1c (n = 676), or tiv2c (n ... | 2016 | 27322354 |
| public health and economic impact of seasonal influenza vaccination with quadrivalent influenza vaccines compared to trivalent influenza vaccines in europe. | influenza b strains represent on average 23% of all circulating strains in europe and when there is a vaccine mismatch on b strains, additional influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths as well as substantial additional costs are observed. the objective was to estimate the public health and economic impact of seasonal influenza vaccination with quadrivalent influenza vaccines (qiv) compared to trivalent influenza vaccines (tiv) in europe (eu). based on data from 5 eu countries (france, germa ... | 2016 | 27166916 |
| [development of the quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine including two influenza b lineages--victoria and yamagata]. | this work is devoted to the research of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) comprising two reassortant b/ussr/60/69-based vaccine influenza viruses victoria and yamagata. the intranasal immunization of the cba mice with both victoria and yamagata strains induced 100% lung protection against the subsequent infection with the wild-type influenza b viruses of any antigen lineage. the quadrivalent laiv (qlaiv) comprising both reassortant influenza b viruses victoria and yamagata were safe a ... | 2016 | 27145595 |
| humoral response to influenza vaccination in relation to pre-vaccination antibody titres, vaccination history, cytomegalovirus serostatus and cd4/cd8 ratio. | annual vaccination against influenza virus is generally recommended to elderly and chronically ill, but the relative importance of factors influencing the outcome is not fully understood. | 2016 | 27030916 |
| a comprehensive review of the epidemiology and disease burden of influenza b in 9 european countries. | this review was undertaken to consolidate information on the epidemiology and burden of influenza b, as well as the circulation patterns of influenza b lineage in 9 european countries. following a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and gray literature sources, we found that published data on influenza b epidemiology and burden are scarce. surveillance data show frequent co-circulation of both influenza b lineages during influenza seasons, but little is known about its impact, especially in ad ... | 2016 | 26890005 |
| differential age susceptibility to influenza b/victoria lineage viruses in the 2015 australian influenza season. | influenza b viruses make up an important part of the burden from seasonal influenza globally. the 2015 season in australia saw an unusual predominance of influenza b with a distinctive switch during the season from b/yamagata/16/88 lineage viruses to b/victoria/2/87 lineage viruses. we also noted significant differences in the age groups infected by the different b lineages, with b/victoria infecting a younger population than b/yamagata, that could not be explained by potential prior exposure. | 2016 | 26848118 |
| mesenteric thrombosis complicating influenza b infection. | | 2016 | 26836382 |
| influenza b burden in latin america and potential benefits of the new quadrivalent vaccines. | | 2016 | 26803330 |
| circulation of influenza b lineages in northern viet nam, 2007-2014. | influenza b viruses circulate throughout viet nam, and their activities vary by region. there have been two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza b viruses co-circulating in the past 20 years; however, only one lineage is selected as a component of contemporary trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines. to improve the understanding of circulating influenza b lineages and influenza vaccine mismatches, we report the virus lineages circulating in northern viet nam over an eight-year period (2007 ... | 2017 | 26798557 |
| [benign acute childhood myositis as a complication of influenza b and its differential diagnosis]. | analysis of the course of benign acute childhood myosistis during the influenza epidemic of 2012/2013, with a focus on the clinical specificities, laboratory findings, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and prognosis. | 2015 | 26795228 |
| infant vaccination timing: beyond traditional coverage metrics for maximizing impact of vaccine programs, an example from southern nepal. | immunization programs currently measure coverage by assessing the proportion of children 12-24 months who have been immunized but this does not address the important question of when the scheduled vaccines were administered. data capturing the timing of vaccination in first 6 months, when severe disease is most likely to occur, are limited. | 2016 | 26788880 |
| influenza b-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: a report from north america. | | 2016 | 26627900 |
| assessment of potential public health impact of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in thailand. | each year, an influenza b strain representing only one influenza b lineage is included in the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv3); a mismatch between the selected lineage and circulating viruses can result in suboptimal vaccine effectiveness. we modeled the added potential public health impact of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv4) that includes strains from both influenza b lineages compared to iiv3 on influenza-associated morbidity and mortality in thailand. | 2016 | 26588892 |
| non-inferiority of mammalian cell-derived quadrivalent subunit influenza virus vaccines compared to trivalent subunit influenza virus vaccines in healthy children: a phase iii randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial. | the safety and immunogenicity of mammalian cell-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccine (qivc) as compared with trivalent influenza vaccines (tiv1c/tiv2c) was evaluated in children aged ≥4 to <18 years. | 2015 | 26585940 |
| vaccinations and childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. | the aim of this study was to investigate the association between routine vaccinations and the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus by systematically reviewing the published literature and performing meta-analyses where possible. | 2016 | 26564178 |
| a case of polymyalgia rheumatica following influenza b infection. | polymyalgia rheumatica (pmr) is relatively common among the elderly, and is characterized by multiple body aches with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. even though the etiology of pmr remains unknown, a number of infectious agents have been suggested to cause pmr. also, there are reports of pmr after influenza vaccination. the exact role of influenza vaccination on the development of pmr remains unknown, but may be associated with specific human leukocyte antigens (hlas), such as hla-d ... | 2015 | 26527896 |
| cost-effectiveness evaluation of quadrivalent influenza vaccines for seasonal influenza prevention: a dynamic modeling study of canada and the united kingdom. | the adoption of quadrivalent influenza vaccine (qiv) to replace trivalent influenza vaccine (tiv) in immunization programs is growing worldwide, thus helping to address the problem of influenza b lineage mismatch. however, the price per dose of qiv is higher than that of tiv. in such circumstances, cost-effectiveness analyses provide important and relevant information to inform national health recommendations and implementation decisions. this analysis assessed potential vaccine impacts and cost ... | 2015 | 26503131 |
| a novel dynamic model for health economic analysis of influenza vaccination in the elderly. | new vaccines are being developed to improve the efficacy of seasonal influenza immunization in elderly persons aged ≥65 years. these products require clinical and economic evaluation to aid policy decisions. | 2015 | 26350238 |