| neglected parasitic infections in the united states: trichomoniasis. | trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common human parasitic infections in the united states, as well as the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection. however, it has long received much less consideration than other parasitic and sexually transmitted diseases. much of this inattention can be attributed to a poor understanding of the public health impact of trichomoniasis. increasing recognition of the sequelae of infection, including increased risk of infection with human immun ... | 2014 | 24808247 |
| the effect of 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydoxyquinuclidine (bpq-oh) and metronidazole on trichomonas vaginalis: a comparative study. | trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis in humans, a sexually transmitted disease commonly treated with metronidazole (mtz), a drug that presents some toxicity, causing undesirable side effects. in addition, an increase in metronidazole-resistant parasites has been reported. thus, the development of alternative treatment is recommended. to date, the search for antiparasitic drugs has been based on different approaches: identification of active natural products, identification of parasite tar ... | 2014 | 24752367 |
| novel metronidazole-chalcone conjugates with potential to counter drug resistance in trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomoniasis is the most prevalent, curable sexually transmitted disease (std), which increases risk of viral stds and hiv. however, drug resistance has been developed by some strains of trichomonas vaginalis against metronidazole (mtz), the fda approved drug against trichomoniasis. in the present study twenty two chalcone hybrids of metronidazole have been synthesized in a quest to get new molecules with higher potential against metronidazole-resistant t. vaginalis. all new hybrid molecules w ... | 2014 | 24727243 |
| in vitro effects of various plants extracts on the growth of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease (std) caused by a protozoan parasite called trichomonas vaginalis. this disease, with roughly 170 million new infected people worldwide per year, is associated with various problems such as pre-term delivery, high infant mortality or low birth weight. in addition, trichomoniasis increases patient susceptibility to hiv infection. the mainstay medication for trichomoniasis is metronidazole, but some resistant strains to this treatment have be ... | 2013 | 24712672 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: common, curable and in the diagnostic spotlight. | | 2014 | 24669448 |
| novel functions of an iron-sulfur flavoprotein from trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes. | iron-sulfur flavoproteins (isf) are flavin mononucleotide (fmn)- and fes cluster-containing proteins commonly encountered in anaerobic prokaryotes. however, with the exception of isf from methanosarcina thermophila, which participates in oxidative stress management by removing oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, none of these proteins has been characterized in terms of function. trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted eukaryotic parasite of humans, was found to express several iron-sulfur flavop ... | 2014 | 24663020 |
| in vitro efficacy of curcumin on trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonosis, the disease caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common curable sexually transmitted disease with 174 million cases per year worldwide. the emerging resistance against the current standard therapy with metronidazole is pushing the search for alternative drugs. the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of curcumin, a derivate of curcuma longa, on t. vaginalis. the effective concentrations (ecs) were evaluated using three strains of t. va ... | 2014 | 24619489 |
| united kingdom national guideline on the management of trichomonas vaginalis 2014. | the main objective is to assist practitioners in managing men and women diagnosed withtrichomonas vaginalis(tv) infection. this guideline offers recommendations on the diagnostic tests, treatment regimens and health promotion principles needed for the effective management of tv, covering the management of the initial presentation, as well as how to prevent transmission and future infection. | 2014 | 24616117 |
| diagnosis of trichomonous vaginalis by microscopy, latex agglutination, diamond's media, and pcr in symptomatic women, khartoum, sudan. | trichomoniasis is the most common sexually transmitted disease. however, limited data are available on an effective technique for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis. | 2014 | 24602349 |
| persistent and recurrent trichomonas vaginalis infections: epidemiology, treatment and management considerations. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis. persistent and recurrent tv infections are frequent in women, potentially due to the lack of routine screening recommendations for this pathogen, the chronic nature of some infections, and drug resistance. metronidazole and tinidazole are two oral drugs that are effective against trichomoniasis. there are few alternative treatment options for persons with a metronidazole all ... | 2014 | 24555561 |
| trichomonas vaginalis metronidazole resistance is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nitroreductase genes ntr4tv and ntr6tv. | metronidazole resistance in the sexually transmitted parasite trichomonas vaginalis is a problematic public health issue. we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in two nitroreductase genes (ntr4tv and ntr6tv) associated with resistance. these snps were associated with one of two distinct t. vaginalis populations identified by multilocus sequence typing, yet one snp (ntr6tv a238t), which results in a premature stop codon, was associated with resistance independent of population ... | 2014 | 24550324 |
| effects of different extracts of eucalyptus camaldulensis on trichomonas vaginalis parasite in culture medium. | trichomonas vaginalis is considered one of the main causes of vulvovaginitis in women. metronidazole with vast side effects is now the drug of choice for treatment of this infection. in an attempt to find an alternative drug, the effect of eucalyptus camaldulensis on this parasite was shown in previous studies. in this investigation, the effect of different extracts of this plant on t. vaginalis in culture medium has been investigated. | 2013 | 24516847 |
| spectrum of vaginal discharge in a tertiary care setting. | vaginal discharge is one of the common reasons for gynecological consultation. many of the causes of vaginitis have a disturbed vaginal microbial ecosystem associated with them. effective treatment of vaginal discharge requires that the etiologic diagnosis be established and identifying the same offers a precious input to syndromic management and provides an additional strategy for human immunodeficiency virus prevention. the present study was thus carried out to determine the various causes of ... | 2013 | 24470998 |
| identification of proton-pump inhibitor drugs that inhibit trichomonas vaginalis uridine nucleoside ribohydrolase. | trichomonas vaginalis continues to be a major health problem with drug-resistant strains increasing in prevalence. novel antitrichomonal agents that are mechanistically distinct from current therapies are needed. the nih clinical compound collection was screened to find inhibitors of the uridine ribohydrolase enzyme required by the parasite to scavenge uracil for its growth. the proton-pump inhibitors omeprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole were identified as inhibitors of this enzyme, with ic ... | 2014 | 24468412 |
| ferredoxin gene mutation in iranian trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis and metronidazole is its chosen drug for treatment. ferredoxin has role in electron transport and carbohydrate metabolism and the conversion of an inactive form of metronidazole (co) to its active form (cpr). ferredoxin gene mutations reduce gene expression and increase its resistance to metronidazole. in this study, the frequency of ferredoxin gene mutations in clinical isolates of t.vaginalis in tehran has been studied. | 2013 | 24454433 |
| detection of trichomonas vaginalis dna by use of self-obtained vaginal swabs with the bd probetec qx assay on the bd viper system. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide, and improved diagnostic methods are critical for controlling this pathogen. diagnostic assays that can be used in conjunction with routine chlamydia/gonorrhea nucleic acid-based screening are likely to have the most impact on disease control. here we describe the performance of the new bd t. vaginalis qx (tvq) amplified dna assay, which can be performed on the automated bd viper system. we focus on dat ... | 2014 | 24391200 |
| association of trichomonas vaginalis and cytological abnormalities of the cervix in low risk women. | is trichomonas vaginalis (tv) an inducing factor for the development of (pre-)cancerous lesions of the cervix? | 2013 | 24386492 |
| prevalence of trichomoniasis, vaginal candidiasis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, and actinomycosis among urban and rural women of haryana, india. | despite being curable reproductive tract infections (rtis) including sexually transmitted infections continue to be a major health problem in developing countries. the present study was undertaken to know the prevalence of trichomoniasis, vaginal candidiasis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, and actinomycosis in rural and urban women of haryana by using wet mount, pap smear, and fluorescent microscopic examination. patients suspected of suffering from bacterial vaginosis were given treatment and we ... | 2014 | 26316979 |
| inflammatory response of prostate epithelial cells to stimulation by trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is known as the most common cause of sexually transmitted infection. however, its prevalence may have been underestimated. trichomonads are detected in prostatic tissue in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and prostate cancer. our objective was to investigate whether t. vaginalis could induce an inflammatory response in prostate epithelium. | 2014 | 24339030 |
| trichomonas vaginalis acidic phospholipase a2: isolation and partial amino acid sequence. | sexually transmitted diseases are a major cause of acute disease worldwide, and trichomoniasis is the most common and curable disease, generating more than 170 million cases annually worldwide. trichomonas vaginalis is the causal agent of trichomoniasis and has the ability to destroy in vitro cell monolayers of the vaginal mucosa, where the phospholipases a2 (pla2) have been reported as potential virulence factors. these enzymes have been partially characterized from the subcellular fraction s30 ... | 2013 | 24338313 |
| pareto optimality in organelle energy metabolism analysis. | in low and high eukaryotes, energy is collected or transformed in compartments, the organelles. the rich variety of size, characteristics, and density of the organelles makes it difficult to build a general picture. in this paper, we make use of the pareto-front analysis to investigate the optimization of energy metabolism in mitochondria and chloroplasts. using the pareto optimality principle, we compare models of organelle metabolism on the basis of single- and multiobjective optimization, app ... | 2016 | 24334395 |
| distribution and risk factors of trichomonas vaginalis infection in england: an epidemiological study using electronic health records from sexually transmitted infection clinics, 2009-2011. | we used data from the genitourinary medicine clinic activity dataset (gumcad) over a 3-year period (2009-2011) to investigate the distribution and risk factors of trichomonas vaginalis infection in england. socio-demographic and clinical risk factors associated with a diagnosis of t. vaginalis were explored using multivariable logistic regression. rates of t. vaginalis infection were highest in london and the west midlands. for men and women, t. vaginalis infection was significantly associated w ... | 2014 | 24289912 |
| prevalence and factors associated with trichomonas vaginalis infection among high-risk women in los angeles. | remnant specimen from 1215 women screening for chlamydia/gonorrhea at 4 different venue types (sexually transmitted disease clinics, home-test kit users, juvenile and adult detention) in los angeles, california, were tested for trichomonas vaginalis. prevalence of t. vaginalis varied by screening population, and concurrent chlamydia or gonorrhea was independently associated with t. vaginalis. | 2013 | 24275733 |
| trichomoniasis: the "neglected" sexually transmitted disease. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection, affecting an estimated 3.7 million people in the united states. although trichomoniasis is common, it has been considered a "neglected" sexually transmitted disease, due to limited knowledge of its sequelae and associated costs. this article reviews current epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, clinical management recommendations and special considerations, research on associated conditions and cost ... | 2013 | 24275268 |
| trichomonas vaginalis flavin reductase 1 and its role in metronidazole resistance. | the enzyme flavin reductase 1 (fr1) from trichomonas vaginalis, formerly known as nadph oxidase, was isolated and identified. flavin reductase is part of the antioxidative defence in t. vaginalis and indirectly reduces molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide via free flavins. importantly, a reduced or absent flavin reductase activity has been reported in metronidazole-resistant t. vaginalis, resulting in elevated intracellular oxygen levels and futile cycling of metronidazole. interestingly, fr1 h ... | 2014 | 24256032 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: reviewing the available diagnostic testing options. | | 2013 | 24205535 |
| analysis of the sam50 translocase of excavate organisms supports evolution of divergent organelles from a common endosymbiotic event. | as free-living organisms the ancestors of mitochondria and plastids encoded complete genomes, proteomes and metabolomes. as these symbionts became organelles all these aspects were reduced - genomes have degenerated with the host nucleus now encoding the most of the remaining endosymbiont proteome, while the metabolic processes of the symbiont have been streamlined to the functions of the emerging organelle. by contrast, the topology of the endosymbiont membrane has been preserved, necessitating ... | 2013 | 24147756 |
| new insights on the golgi complex of tritrichomonas foetus. | tritrichomonas foetus is a protist that causes bovine trichomoniasis and presents a well-developed golgi. there are very few studies concerning the golgi in trichomonads. in this work, monoclonal antibodies were raised against golgi of t. foetus and used as a tool on morphologic and biochemical studies of this organelle. among the antibodies produced, one was named mab anti-golgi 20.3, which recognized specifically the golgi complex by fluorescence and electron microscopy. by immunoblotting this ... | 2014 | 24135238 |
| trichomonas vaginalis in selected u.s. sexually transmitted disease clinics: testing, screening, and prevalence. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection in the united states, affecting 3.1% of women of reproductive age. infection is associated with hiv acquisition and pelvic inflammatory disease. in the united states, centers for disease control and prevention guidelines recommend testing all women with vaginal discharge for t. vaginalis, but except for hiv-infected women, there are no national guidelines for screening asymptomatic persons. the objective of this ... | 2013 | 24113409 |
| "cannon balls or pus balls" in pap smears: a case report. | a 50-year old female presented with the chief complaint of a discharge per vaginum, which was there for the past 15 days. a routine pap smear was received in the department of pathology, government medical college, patiala, india. after its fixation and staining, it was examined under the microscope. it showed the trichomonas vaginalis infection, with the neutrophils forming cannon balls at places. neutrophils in the pap smear are a nonspecific finding, particularly if they are low in numbers or ... | 2013 | 24086888 |
| use of culture and immunochromatographic technique for diagnosis of trichomoniasis in sri lanka. | as a majority of the trichomoniasis patients are asymptomatic, laboratory tests are crucial in case detection. the usefulness of culture and immunochromatographic technique (ict) compared to microscopy for detection of trichomoniasis in sri lanka was assessed. females (16-45 years) from colombo district were screened for trichomonas vaginalis using three laboratory tests namely, microscopy of wet smear, trichomonas liquid culture and ict (osom® trichomonas rapid test). trichomoniasis by at least ... | 2013 | 24081173 |
| reply to letter: increased prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in mid-aged women is linked to sexual activity and not to hormonal changes. | | 2013 | 24077312 |
| increased prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in mid-aged women is linked to sexual activity and not to hormonal changes. | | 2013 | 24077311 |
| the iron-induced cysteine proteinase tvcp4 plays a key role in trichomonas vaginalis haemolysis. | trichomonas vaginalis has multiple proteinases, mainly of the cysteine type (cps), including a 34 kda precursor cathepsin l-like cp dubbed tvcp4. tvcp4 is an iron-up-regulated cp. the goal of this work was to identify the role of tvcp4 in the virulence of t. vaginalis. we cloned, expressed, and purified the recombinant mature enzyme region of tvcp4 (tvcp4r) to produce a rabbit polyclonal antibody (α-tvcp4r). this antibody reacted with a ∼24 kda protein band in total protein extracts that could c ... | 2013 | 24076365 |
| clinical and laboratory evidence of trichomonas vaginalis infection among women of reproductive age in rural area of malwa region of punjab. | | 2013 | 24064657 |
| point: new trichs for "old" dogs: prospects for expansion of trichomonas vaginalis screening. | | 2014 | 24043491 |
| superoxide anion production by human neutrophils activated by trichomonas vaginalis. | neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in vaginal discharges of patients infected with trichomonas vaginalis. in this study, we examined superoxide anion (o2 (.-)) production by neutrophils activated by t. vaginalis. human neutrophils produced superoxide anions when stimulated with either a lysate of t. vaginalis, its membrane component (mc), or excretory-secretory product (esp). to assess the role of trichomonad protease in production of superoxide anions by neutrophils, t. va ... | 2013 | 24039294 |
| activation of an unusual g-protein in the simple protist trichomonas vaginalis. | | 2013 | 24013419 |
| diagnostic rates differ on the basis of the number of read days with the use of the inpouch culture system for trichomonas vaginalis screening. | the inpouch trichomonas vaginalis test is the gold standard for clinical culture for trichomonas vaginalis screening. the current package insert recommends an examination period of 3 days. after review of 2,499 inpouch tests spanning 13 years, we observed that examination up to 3 days will detect only 82.8% (95% confidence interval [ci], 79.0% to 86.2%) of positive specimens. | 2013 | 24006006 |
| prevalence of the trichomonas vaginalis infection in a tertiary care hospital in rural bangalore, southern india. | the infection with trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (stds) in humans. the prevalence of this infection has been reported to be between 2 to 8%, depending on the different socio-cultural conditions. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of t. vaginalis in the women who were referred to the gynaecologic clinics at the mvj medical college, bangalore, india. | 2013 | 23998075 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: an audit of clinical practice and the demography of infected patients at three london genitourinary medicine clinics. | this audit aimed to review clinical standards for trichomonas vaginalis against british association of sexual health and hiv (bashh) guidelines. case notes for patients who had a positive microscopy or culture result were reviewed retrospectively. there was a 0.23% positivity rate for t. vaginalis (n = 84 cases); 96% were female with an average age of 33 years, with proportionally more patients seen in the african/caribbean population, despite the number of cases being comparable between white ( ... | 2013 | 23970607 |
| adaptive responses to glucose restriction enhance cell survival, antioxidant capability, and autophagy of the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | to establish an infection in the vagina, trichomonas vaginalis must adapt to various environmental cues for survival and further replication. nutrient competition by lactobacilli, the major normal vaginal flora, is one of the mechanisms to limit the growth of other microorganisms. additionally, lactobacilli produce h2o2 that can reduce the genital infections caused by other pathogens. thus, the ability to overcome the metabolic stresses, such as glucose restriction (gr), as well as the oxidative ... | 2014 | 23958562 |
| basic biology of trichomonas vaginalis: current explorations and future directions. | | 2013 | 23956295 |
| prevalent, treatable and significant: barriers to the control of trichomonas vaginalis in women. | | 2013 | 23956294 |
| intravaginal metronidazole/miconazole for the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of the most common curable sexually transmitted disease in the world. the infection is treated with a single oral dose of metronidazole or tinidazole, currently the only licensed class of drugs available for this indication; however, both of these antimicrobials are associated with significant gastrointestinal adverse effects, and some individuals are unable to tolerate them because of these adverse effects. | 2013 | 23949586 |
| insights into trichomoniasis as a result of highly sensitive molecular diagnostics screening in a high-prevalence sexually transmitted infection community. | we briefly examine the clinical significance and pathogenesis of trichomonas vaginalis and provide a comprehensive summary of non-molecular and molecular diagnostics for the organism. transcription-mediated amplification (tma) identifies more cases of trichomoniasis than other detection modalities. in our high-prevalence sexually transmitted infection community, tma has allowed us to investigate female and male trichomoniasis epidemiology. distribution of the organism is community-wide and simil ... | 2013 | 23944153 |
| trichomoniasis: how do we diagnose in a resource poor setting? | diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis vaginalis infection based solely on clinical symptoms and signs is unreliable because the spectrum of infection is broad and other sexually transmitted pathogens cause similar signs and symptoms. | 2013 | 23919051 |
| current status and prospects for development of a vaccine against trichomonas vaginalis infections. | trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted pathogen with an annual worldwide incidence of over 276 million infections, the highest of all curable and non-viral sti. a large proportion of cases are asymptomatic and under-diagnosed with conventional diagnostic tools. infection has important maternal and fetal health consequences and can lead to a higher probability of hiv transmission and susceptibility. lack of affordable accurate diagnostic tests globally and metronidazole resistance hinder ... | 2014 | 23916988 |
| trichomonas vaginalis and associated factors among women living with hiv/aids in amazonas, brazil. | our goal was to determine the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis and its associated factors among women living with hiv attending an aids clinic in manaus, amazonas, brazil. | 2013 | 23916452 |
| identification of trichomonas vaginalis in different papanicolaou test preparations: trends over time in the college of american pathologists educational interlaboratory comparison program. | the college of american pathologists' interlaboratory comparison program in gynecologic cytology has seen an increase in enrollment in liquid-based papanicolaou test challenges with a decrease for conventional papanicolaou tests. trichomonas vaginalis can be difficult to identify in all preparation types. | 2013 | 23899059 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis and risk factors in women treated at public health units in brazil: a transversal study. | studies have revealed high prevalence rates of trichomonas vaginalis in men and women worldwide. in brazil, where reporting is not mandatory, the true prevalence rate is unknown. this study determined the prevalence of the parasite in women attending public health units in the city of uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil, identifying possible risk factors for infection, and also compared three diagnostic techniques for detecting the parasite. | 2013 | 23880884 |
| remarkable anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of plants traditionally used by the mbyá-guarani indigenous group in brazil. | trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellate protozoan, is the causative agent of trichomonosis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. taking into account the increased prevalence of metronidazole-resistant isolates, alternative drugs are essential for the successful treatment. natural products are the source of most new drugs, and popular wisdom about the use of medicinal plants is a powerful tool in this search. in this study, the activity of 10 medicinal plants extensively u ... | 2013 | 23865068 |
| trichomonas vaginalis exosomes deliver cargo to host cells and mediate host∶parasite interactions. | trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted parasite that colonizes the human urogential tract where it remains extracellular and adheres to epithelial cells. infections range from asymptomatic to highly inflammatory, depending on the host and the parasite strain. here, we use a combination of methodologies including cell fractionation, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, rna, proteomic and cytokine analyses and cell adherence assays to examine pathogenic properties of t. vagi ... | 2013 | 23853596 |
| bilateral conjunctivitis due to trichomonas vaginalis without genital infection: an unusual presentation in an adult man. | we report an unusual case of extragenital infection with trichomonas vaginalis of the conjunctiva of a 32-year-old man. only one other similar case has been reported in the english language literature. the present report reinforces the widening pathologic spectrum of trichomonads in humans, especially in the context of emerging extragenital infections. | 2013 | 23843487 |
| designed chemical intervention with thiols for prophylactic contraception. | unlike somatic cells, sperm have several-fold more available-thiols that are susceptible to redox-active agents. the present study explains the mechanism behind the instant sperm-immobilizing and trichomonacidal activities of pyrrolidinium pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate (ppc), a novel thiol agent rationally created for prophylactic contraception by minor chemical modifications of some known thiol drugs. ppc, and its three derivatives (with potential active-site blocked by alkylation), were synthes ... | 2013 | 23826278 |
| drug library screening against metronidazole-sensitive and metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | metronidazole and tinidazole are effective treatments for most patients with trichomoniasis but not for individuals who are infected with very resistant strains of trichomonas vaginalis or persons with hypersensitivity to the 5-nitroimidazole drugs. thus, there is a need for additional oral therapies to treat trichomoniasis. | 2013 | 23794105 |
| antibodies to trichomonas vaginalis surface glycolipid. | human trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease, yet immune responses are not well studied. | 2013 | 23785040 |
| global epidemiology of trichomonas vaginalis. | despite having the highest prevalence of any sexually transmitted infection (sti) globally, there is a dearth of data describing trichomonas vaginalis (tv) incidence and prevalence in the general population. the lack of basic epidemiological data is an obstacle to addressing the epidemic. once considered a nuisance infection, the morbidities associated with tv have been increasingly recognised over the past decade, highlighting the importance of this pathogen as a public health problem. recent d ... | 2013 | 23744960 |
| iron-induced changes in the proteome of trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes. | iron plays a crucial role in metabolism as a key component of catalytic and redox cofactors, such as heme or iron-sulfur clusters in enzymes and electron-transporting or regulatory proteins. limitation of iron availability by the host is also one of the mechanisms involved in immunity. pathogens must regulate their protein expression according to the iron concentration in their environment and optimize their metabolic pathways in cases of limitation through the availability of respective cofacto ... | 2013 | 23741475 |
| structural and thermodynamic folding characterization of triosephosphate isomerases from trichomonas vaginalis reveals the role of destabilizing mutations following gene duplication. | we report the structures and thermodynamic analysis of the unfolding of two triosephosphate isomerases (tvtim1 and tvtim2) from trichomonas vaginalis. both isoforms differ by the character of four amino acids: e/q 18, i/v 24, i/v 45, and p/a 239. despite the high sequence and structural similarities between both isoforms, they display substantial differences in their stabilities. tvtim1 (e18, i24, i45, and p239) is more stable and less dissociable than tvtim2 (q18, v24, v45, and a239). we postul ... | 2014 | 23733417 |
| the dimension of trichomonas vaginalis as measured by scanning electron microscopy. | it is known that physicochemical conditions (e.g., ph, temperature, and ionic strength) affect the size of trichomonads. in this study, the sizes of 4 isolates of trichomonas vaginalis cultured for more than a year (called "old t") and 3 isolates freshly isolated from vaginitis cases (called "fresh t") were compared by scanning electron microscopy. although the fresh t had shorter body length, body width, and flagellar length than old t, total length (about 26 µm), including body length, flagell ... | 2013 | 23710095 |
| genetic diversity in trichomonas vaginalis. | recent advances in genetic characterisation of trichomonas vaginalis isolates show that the extensive clinical variability in trichomoniasis and its disease sequelae are matched by significant genetic diversity in the organism itself, suggesting a connection between the genetic identity of isolates and their clinical manifestations. indeed, a high degree of genetic heterogeneity in t vaginalis isolates has been observed using multiple genotyping techniques. a unique two-type population structure ... | 2013 | 23702460 |
| performance of the osom trichomonas rapid test for diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection among women in mysore, india. | background trichomonas vaginalis is the world's most common treatable sexually transmissible infection. currently, wet mount microscopy and syndromic management based on vaginal discharge are the most widely used methods for diagnosing and treating trichomoniasis in resource-constrained settings. wet mount microscopy requires equipment and trained technicians, who are in short supply. we examined the diagnostic accuracy of the osom trichomonas rapid test for detecting t. vaginalis vaginal infect ... | 2013 | 23702272 |
| genetic diversity of trichomonas vaginalis reinfection in hiv-positive women. | recently developed genotyping tools allow better understanding of trichomonas vaginalis population genetics and epidemiology. these tools have yet to be applied to t vaginalis collected from hiv+ populations, where understanding the interaction between the pathogens is of great importance due to the correlation between t vaginalis infection and hiv transmission. the objectives of the study were twofold: first, to compare the genetic diversity and population structure of t vaginalis collected fro ... | 2013 | 23694936 |
| deep sequencing of trichomonas vaginalis during the early infection of vaginal epithelial cells and amoeboid transition. | the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis has the largest protozoan genome known, potentially encoding approximately 60,000 proteins. to what degree these genes are expressed is not well known and only a few key transcription factors and promoter domains have been identified. to shed light on the expression capacity of the parasite and transcriptional regulation during phase transitions, we deep sequenced the transcriptomes of the protozoan during two environmental stimuli of the early infection ... | 2013 | 23688716 |
| diagnosis and molecular characterization of trichomonas vaginalis in sex workers in the philippines. | trichomonas vaginalis is a pathogenic protozoon which causes the sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis. the absence or non-specificity of symptoms often leads to misdiagnosis of the infection. in this study, 969 samples consisting of vaginal swabs and urine were collected and screened from social hygiene clinics across the philippines. of the 969 samples, 216 were used for the comparative analysis of diagnostic tools such as wet mount microscopy, culture, and pcr utilizing universal tri ... | 2013 | 23683368 |
| double-stranded rna viral infection in tehran trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | trichomonas vaginalis is a pathogenic protozoon and may be contaminated with dsrna virus called trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv). the viral infection is an important factor for its pathogenesis and sensitivity to metronidazole. the presence of tvv is associated with qualitative and quantitative expression of cysteine proteinases and surface immunogenic; p270. the purpose of this study was to determine tvv frequency in t. vaginalis clinical isolates in tehran, iran. | 2013 | 23682261 |
| does antiretroviral therapy interfere with the treatment of trichomonas vaginalis among hiv+ women? | | 2013 | 23677024 |
| effects of contraception on cervical cytology: data from mardin city. | mardin is an area of low socioeconomic level with low rates of contraceptive method use. our aim in this study was to evaluate the effects of the contraceptive methods used in the area on epithelial cell abnormalities and vaginal flora changes. | 2013 | 23661348 |
| synthesis of 1h-1,2,3-triazole linked β-lactam-isatin bi-functional hybrids and preliminary analysis of in vitro activity against the protozoal parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | twenty-two different triazoles were prepared to examine the anti-trichomonas vaginalis structure-activity relationships (sar) within the β-lactam-isatin-triazole conjugate family. the compounds were synthesized by copper-catalyzed 'click chemistry.'in vitro activity against t. vaginalis was determined at 10 and 100 μm for each compound, with eighteen of the synthesized hybrids showing 100% growth inhibition at 100 μm. the compound 5i, with no cytotoxicity on cultured cho-k1 cells, is considered ... | 2013 | 23631874 |
| the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis detected by wet mount and polymerase chain reaction in sydney women. | objectives although trichomonas vaginalis (tv) has a low profile in urban australia, local data has estimated the prevalence in women to be 10 times higher when using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) versus wet mount microscopy (4.8% v. 0.4%). our aim was to determine the prevalence of tv in sydney women using both wet mount and pcr. | 2013 | 23611496 |
| prevalence and incidence of trichomonas vaginalis infections in women participating in a clinical trial in durban, south africa. | trichomonas vaginalis is known to be the most common, curable, sexually transmitted infection among sexually active women and may be associated with the acquisition and transmission of hiv. the purpose of this analysis is to determine the prevalence and incidence of t vaginalis and assess risk factors associated with t vaginalis infection in a cohort of women participating in a clinical trial. | 2013 | 23605853 |
| a new rapid molecular point-of-care assay for trichomonas vaginalis: preliminary performance data. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent treatable sexually transmitted infection (sti) in the world. an accurate point-of-care (poc) molecular test would enable patients to be tested and treated for t vaginalis in a single visit to the genitourinary medicine clinic, community sti clinic, pharmacy or doctor's office. in this report, we describe a rapid prototype assay for t vaginalis designed for use in conjunction with the atlas io poc platform, and initial verification of its perf ... | 2013 | 23605852 |
| survival of trichomonas vaginalis in wet preparation and on wet mount. | microscopy is an insensitive method for detection of trichomonas vaginalis, but is widely used because it is both rapid and inexpensive. diagnosis of trichomoniasis by microscopy requires that motile forms be identified in vaginal fluid samples. however, microscopy cannot always be performed immediately after sample collection. the objective of this study was to assess the impact of sample storage at room temperature on trichomonad motility. | 2013 | 23605849 |
| quantity, not frequency, of alcohol use moderates the association between multiple sexual partners and trichomonas vaginalis among women attending an urban std clinic. | the purpose of this study is to investigate alcohol use, sexual risk behaviour and trichomoniasis in a sample of low-income, largely minority, women patients at a publicly funded sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic in the usa. | 2013 | 23580608 |
| tvmp50 is an immunogenic metalloproteinase during male trichomoniasis. | trichomonas vaginalis, a human urogenital tract parasite, is capable of surviving in the male microenvironment, despite of the presence of zn(2+). concentrations > 1.6 mm of zn(2+) have a trichomonacidal effect; however, in the presence of ≤1.6 mm zn(2+), several trichomonad proteins are up- or down-regulated. herein, we analyzed the proteome of a t. vaginalis male isolate (hgmn01) grown in the presence of zn(2+) and found 32 protein spots that were immunorecognized by male trichomoniasis patien ... | 2013 | 23579185 |
| structure of a protozoan virus from the human genitourinary parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | the flagellated protozoan trichomonas vaginalis is an obligate human genitourinary parasite and the most frequent cause of sexually transmitted disease worldwide. most clinical isolates of t. vaginalis are persistently infected with one or more double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses from the genus trichomonasvirus, family totiviridae, which appear to influence not only protozoan biology but also human disease. here we describe the three-dimensional structure of trichomonas vaginalis virus 1 (tvv1) ... | 2013 | 23549915 |
| the clinical spectrum of trichomonas vaginalis infection and challenges to management. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most common curable sexually transmitted infection worldwide. t vaginalis infections in women can range from asymptomatic to acute inflammatory vaginitis. in men, this infection is typically asymptomatic but is increasingly being recognised as a cause of non-gonococcal urethritis. diagnosis of t vaginalis has traditionally been made by direct microscopic examination of a wet mount of vaginal fluid or through the use of culture. the recent commercial availability of n ... | 2013 | 23543252 |
| respiratory disease and trichomonas vaginalis in premature newborn twins. | in premature newborn twins with respiratory disease, trichomonas vaginalis infection was diagnosed by chance findings in respiratory samples and was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction of urine and vaginal samples from the boy and girl, respectively. trichomonas vaginalis should be considered as a possible cause of respiratory disease in newborns and modern molecular detection techniques can help in the diagnosis. | 2013 | 23538520 |
| the actin-based machinery of trichomonas vaginalis mediates flagellate-amoeboid transition and migration across host tissue. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most widespread non-viral pathogen of the human urogenital tract, infecting ∼ 3% of the world's population annually. at the onset of infection the protist changes morphology within minutes: the flagellated free-swimming cell converts into the amoeboid-adherent stage. the molecular machinery of this process is not well studied, but is thought to involve actin reorganization. we have characterized amoeboid transition, focusing in particular on tvfim1, the only expresse ... | 2013 | 23530917 |
| the tvlegu-1, a legumain-like cysteine proteinase, plays a key role in trichomonas vaginalis cytoadherence. | the goal of this paper was to characterize a trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteinase (cp) legumain-1 (tvlegu-1) and determine its potential role as a virulence factor during t. vaginalis infection. a 30-kda band, which migrates in three protein spots (pi~6.3, ~6.5, and ~6.7) with a different type and level of phosphorylation, was identified as tvlegu-1 by one- and two-dimensional western blot (wb) assays, using a protease-rich trichomonad extract and polyclonal antibodies produced against the ... | 2013 | 23509742 |
| knockout of the abundant trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomal membrane protein tvhmp23 increases hydrogenosome size but induces no compensatory up-regulation of paralogous copies. | the trichomonas vaginalis genome encodes up to 60000 genes, many of which stem from genome duplication events. paralogous copies thus accompany most t. vaginalis genes, a phenomenon that limits genetic manipulation. we characterized one of the parasite's most abundant hydrogenosomal membrane proteins, tvhmp23, which is phylogenetically distinct from canonical metabolite carriers, and which localizes to the inner hydrogenosomal membrane as shown through sub-organellar fractionation and protease p ... | 2013 | 23499435 |
| hydrogenosome metabolism is the key target for antiparasitic activity of resveratrol against trichomonas vaginalis. | metronidazole (mdz) and related 5-nitroimidazoles are the recommended drugs for treatment of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. however, novel treatment options are needed, as recent reports have claimed resistance to these drugs in t. vaginalis isolates. in this study, we analyzed for the first time the in vitro effects of the natural polyphenol resveratrol (resv) on t. vaginalis. at concentrations of between 25 and 100 μm, res ... | 2013 | 23478970 |
| comparison of in vitro activity of metronidazole and garlic-based product (tomex®) on trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted parasite in humans. metronidazole has been the gold standard for treatment of trichomoniasis. the prevalence of metronidazole resistance and its unpleasant adverse effects drew the attention to the investigation of other lines of treatment, as that of herbal medicine. garlic has been proven to have antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antihelminthic activity. the current study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available g ... | 2013 | 23455944 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infection among women receiving gynaecological care at an alabama hiv clinic. | trichomoniasis vaginalis is a risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of hiv. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of t vaginalis (using culture) among hiv-infected women receiving gynaecological care at an university hiv clinic in alabama in addition to predictors of infection. | 2013 | 23449600 |
| il-22 levels are associated with trichomonas vaginalis infection in the lower genital tract. | il-22 has important functions at mucosal surfaces, including the induction of antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of epithelium. however, il-22 has not been investigated in the genital tract during tv infection. | 2013 | 23445169 |
| the pathogenic microorganisms in papanicolaou vaginal smears and correlation with inflammation. | non-specific cervicitis or inflammatory changes in a smear report are common which are usually unclear for clinical approaches. to investigate the frequency of inflammation and pathogenic vaginal microorganisms in cervical smears among an iranian population sample. | 2013 | 24971098 |
| il-10 release by bovine epithelial cells cultured with trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus. | trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus are parasitic protists of the human and bovine urogenital tracts, respectively. several studies have described the cytotoxic effects of trichomonads on urogenital tract epithelial cells. however, little is known about the host cell response against trichomonads. the aim of this study was to determine whether t. foetus and t. vaginalis stimulated the release of the cytokine interleukin (il)-10 from cultured bovine epithelial cells. to characterise t ... | 2013 | 23440124 |
| trichomonas vaginalis contact-dependent cytolysis of epithelial cells. | trichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular protozoan parasite that binds to the epithelium of the human urogenital tract during infection. in this study, we examined the propensities of 26 t. vaginalis strains to bind to and lyse prostate (bph-1) and ectocervical (ect1) epithelium and to lyse red blood cells (rbcs). we found that only three of the strains had a statistically significant preference for either bph-1 (msa1103) or ect1 (la1 and msa1123). overall, we observed that levels of adherence ... | 2013 | 23429535 |
| to determine of the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, candida sp, mixed infections (bacterial vaginosis + candida sp), trichomonas vaginalis, actinomyces sp in turkish women from ankara, turkey. | to determine of the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, candida sp, mixed infections (bacterial vaginosis + candida sp), trichomonas vaginalis, actinomyces sp in ankara, turkey and analyze whether there is seasonal variation in these infectious agents. | 2012 | 23383559 |
| the rarity of trichomonas vaginalis in urban australia. | infection with trichomonas vaginalis has declined dramatically in urban australia but remains endemic in some predominantly indigenous rural regions. the objective was to determine t vaginalis positivity rates in clinical specimens by pcr detection, from a large community-based private pathology laboratory servicing rural and urban australian populations. | 2013 | 23372016 |
| clinical evidence for the role of trichomonas vaginalis in regulation of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the female genital tract. | secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (slpi) is responsible for regulating inflammatory damage to and innate and adaptive immune responses in the vaginal mucosa. depressed cervicovaginal slpi levels have been correlated with both trichomonas vaginalis infection and poor reproductive health outcomes. | 2013 | 23355743 |
| [a review on the impact of iud in cervical cytology: mardin region data]. | the aim of the study was to provide an overview to infectious and reactive cytological effects of intrauterine devices, which are one of the most widely used methods of contraception, with the results we obtained in the mardin region. | 2013 | 23354797 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infection in men who submit self-collected penile swabs after internet recruitment. | submission of self-collected penile samples collected at home could remove barriers that men face in getting tested for sexually transmitted infections (stis). | 2013 | 23354525 |
| prevalence and morbidity of urethral trichomonas vaginalis in japanese men with or without urethritis. | trichomonas vaginalis is one of the pathogens causing sexually transmitted infections. this microorganism is a common pathogen among women, but its significance as a cause of morbidity among men remains uncertain. we sought to determine the prevalence and morbidity of t. vaginalis infection in japanese men with and without urethritis. | 2013 | 23349337 |
| effect of echinophora platyloba, stachys lavandulifolia, and eucalyptus camaldulensis plants on trichomonas vaginalis growth in vitro. | trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite which causes vaginitis in women worldwide. metronidazole with vast side effects is drug of choice for this infection. in search for an alternative drug, in this study the effect of three plants on trichomonas vaginalis has been investigated in vitro. | 2012 | 23326809 |
| performance of a rapid self-test for detection of trichomonas vaginalis in south africa and brazil. | women participating in studies in brazil (n = 695) and south africa (n = 230) performed rapid point-of-care tests for trichomonas vaginalis on self-collected vaginal swabs. using pcr as the gold standard, rapid self-testing achieved high specificity (99.1%; 95% confidence interval [ci], 98.2 to 99.6%) and moderate sensitivity (76.7%; 95% ci, 61.4 to 88.2%). these tests may be considered an alternative to syndromic management in resource-poor settings. | 2013 | 23325818 |
| trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis in obstetrics and gynecology practice: new concepts and controversies. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is the most common curable sexually transmitted infection worldwide. annually, 7.4 million new infections are estimated in the united states, which is greater than combined new cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. serious adverse reproductive health outcomes including pregnancy complications, pelvic inflammatory disease, and an increased risk of hiv acquisition have been linked to tv infection. there are several sensitive and specific diagnostic tests available ... | 2013 | 23322080 |
| a trich-y question: should trichomonas vaginalis infection be reportable? | | 2013 | 23321992 |
| antiprotozoal activity of ferroquine. | ferroquine (fq, ssr97193) is a synthetic compound currently in development for the treatment of malaria. the use of a single compound to treat several parasitoses would be very convenient for multi-infected patients and also for financial considerations. in this work, the activity of fq was investigated on three other protista parasites: kinetoplastidae (leishmania and trypanosoma) and the cosmopolite parasite trichomonas vaginalis. fq exhibited a significant in vitro activity on trypanosoma bru ... | 2013 | 23229318 |