| lab-in-a-tube: real-time molecular point-of-care diagnostics for influenza a and b using the cobas® liat® system. | rapid diagnosis of influenza a and b is important for direct treatment decisions in patient care and for the reduction of in-hospital transmissions. the new real-time pcr based molecular point-of-care (poc) assay, the cobas(®) influenza a/b test on the cobas(®) liat(®) system (cobas(®) liat(®) influenza a/b assay), generated a pcr result in less than 20 min, was evaluated for the detection of influenza a and b. one hundred twenty-one retrospectively collected respiratory specimens, previously an ... | 2017 | 28213975 |
| ultrasensitive fluorogenic reagents for neuraminidase titration. | influenza viral neuraminidase plays a crucial role during infections. it is a major target for the development of anti-influenza drugs and is also attracting increasing attention as a vaccine target as evidence accumulates that neuraminidase-neutralizing antibodies contribute to protection. however, no method currently exists to accurately and efficiently measure concentrations of active neuraminidase in virus samples or other crude mixtures, which hampers development on both fronts. in this rep ... | 2017 | 28191709 |
| rapid molecular detection and differentiation of influenza viruses a and b. | influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses a and b in humans and causes a significant amount of morbidity and mortality every year. the influenza a and b assay was the first clia-waived molecular rapid flu test available. the influenza a and b test works by employing isothermal amplification with influenza-specific primers followed by target detection with molecular beacon probes. here, the performance of the influenza a and b assay on frozen, archived nasopharynge ... | 2017 | 28190065 |
| contribution of a rapid influenza diagnostic test to manage hospitalized patients with suspected influenza. | to evaluate the performances of the alere i influenza a&b test and to appraise its contribution to patient management. | 2017 | 27939284 |
| influenza virus infections in patients with malignancies -- characteristics and outcome of the season 2014/15. a survey conducted by the infectious diseases working party (agiho) of the german society of haematology and medical oncology (dgho). | influenza virus infections (ivi) may pose a vital threat to immunocompromised patients such as those suffering from malignancies, but specific data on epidemiology and outcome in these patients are scarce. in this study, we collected data on patients with active cancer or with a history of cancer, presenting with documented ivi in eight centres in germany. two hundred and three patients were identified, suffering from haematological malignancies or solid tumours; 109 (54 %) patients had active m ... | 2017 | 27838792 |
| comparative epidemiology of influenza a and b viral infection in a subtropical region: a 7-year surveillance in okinawa, japan. | the epidemic patterns of influenza b infection and their association with climate conditions are not well understood. influenza surveillance in okinawa is important for clarifying transmission patterns in both temperate and tropical regions. using surveillance data, collected over 7 years in the subtropical region of japan, this study aims to characterize the epidemic patterns of influenza b infection and its association with ambient temperature and relative humidity, in a parallel comparison wi ... | 2016 | 27821090 |
| rates of neutropenia in adults with influenza a or b: a retrospective analysis of hospitalised patients in south east queensland during 2015. | neutropenia in adult patients is often attributed to intercurrent viral infections; however, there are limited data describing the frequency or natural history of this phenomenon. we examined all patients presenting to three large hospitals in the metro south region of south east queensland with laboratory-confirmed influenza a or b throughout the 2015 influenza season (january-october). four hundred and thirty-six patients were studied and 15.3% of this cohort were neutropenic (absolute neutrop ... | 2016 | 27813353 |
| evaluation of the rapid influenza detection tests gold sign flu and quick navi-flu for the detection of influenza a and b virus antigens in adults during the influenza season. | as the characteristics and accuracy of rapid influenza detection tests (ridts) vary, the development of a high-performance ridt has been eagerly anticipated. in this study, the new ridt gold sign flu and the existing ridt quick navi-flu were evaluated in terms of detecting the antigens of influenza viruses a and b in japanese adults with influenza-like symptoms. the study was performed from december 2013 to march 2014. among the 123 patients from whom nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected ... | 2016 | 27720945 |
| evaluation of self-swabbing coupled with a telephone health helpline as an adjunct tool for surveillance of influenza viruses in ontario. | calls to a telephone health helpline (thhl) have been previously evaluated for the ability to monitor specific syndromes, such as fever and influenza-like-illness or gastrointestinal illness. this method of surveillance has been shown to be highly correlated with traditional surveillance methods, and to have potential for early detection of community-based illness. self-sampling, or having a person take his/her own nasal swab, has also proven successful as a useful method for obtaining a specime ... | 2016 | 27677310 |
| epidemiology of influenza b in australia: 2001-2014 influenza seasons. | influenza b is characterised by two antigenic lineages: b/victoria and b/yamagata. these lineages circulate together with influenza a during influenza seasons, with varying incidence from year to year and by geographic region. | 2017 | 27650482 |
| hospitalization for influenza a versus b. | the extent to which influenza a and b infection differs remains uncertain. | 2016 | 27535144 |
| quadrivalent influenza vaccine: a new opportunity to reduce the influenza burden. | influenza illness is caused by influenza a and influenza b strains. although influenza a viruses are perceived to carry greater risk because they account for the majority of influenza cases in most seasons and have been responsible for influenza pandemics, influenza b viruses also impose a substantial public health burden, particularly among children and at-risk subjects. furthermore, since the 2001-2002 influenza season, both influenza b lineages, b/victoria-like viruses and b/yamagata-like vir ... | 2016 | 27346937 |
| comparison of two new generation influenza rapid diagnostic tests with instrument-based digital readout systems for influenza virus detection. | influenza rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) have been developed to supply scientists with more sensitive and specific techniques. newly developed digital reader-based techniques require test evaluations before their clinical application. | 2016 | 27327199 |
| effect of risk factors on the prevalence of influenza infections among children of slums of dhaka city. | influenza viruses may cause severe acute respiratory illness among human population. people of densely populated areas, e.g., slum, are mostly affected by influenza viruses. although potential vaccines to influenza viruses have been developed, infection rate is still high, therefore, increase the morbidity and mortality rate in slum areas. to treat these infections, slum dwellers including children and mothers do not get proper medication as well as vaccination. hence, prevention remains to be t ... | 2016 | 27247898 |
| influenza in the pediatric population in istanbul: a one center experience 2009-2014. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with influenza infection. | 2016 | 27246644 |
| detection of influenza by real time rt-pcr is not affected by delays in respiratory specimen processing. | sample processing for real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) based diagnostic assays requires stabilizing sample ribonucleic acid (rna) in lysis buffer prior to testing. the stability of viral rna prior to processing is difficult to assure. it is unknown whether clinical sample integrity is compromised by delays in processing, as may occur due to weekends and holidays. we sought to examine the integrity of respiratory specimens with variable processing times. upper r ... | 2016 | 27089468 |
| which influenza vaccine formulation should be used in kenya? a comparison of influenza isolates from kenya to vaccine strains, 2007-2013. | every year the world health organization (who) recommends which influenza virus strains should be included in a northern hemisphere (nh) and a southern hemisphere (sh) influenza vaccine. to determine the best vaccine formulation for kenya, we compared influenza viruses collected in kenya from april 2007 to may 2013 to who vaccine strains. | 2016 | 27079931 |
| temporal patterns of influenza a and b in tropical and temperate countries: what are the lessons for influenza vaccination? | determining the optimal time to vaccinate is important for influenza vaccination programmes. here, we assessed the temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics in the northern and southern hemispheres and in the tropics, and discuss their implications for vaccination programmes. | 2016 | 27031105 |
| post-licensure surveillance of quadrivalent inactivated influenza (iiv4) vaccine in the united states, vaccine adverse event reporting system (vaers), july 1, 2013-may 31, 2015. | quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (iiv4) were first available for use during 2013-14 influenza season for individuals aged ≥6 months. iiv4 is designed to protect against four different flu viruses; two influenza a viruses and two influenza b viruses. | 2016 | 27015735 |
| hospital-based vaccine effectiveness against influenza b lineages, hong kong, 2009-14. | we estimated vaccine effectiveness (ve) against pediatric influenza b hospitalizations in hong kong year round between november 2001 and october 2014. | 2016 | 27013437 |
| [comparison of the clinical effectiveness of three neuraminidase inhibitors for japanese pediatric patients with influenza in the 2013/2014 season]. | we investigated the clinical symptoms of 206 pediatric patients with influenza virus infection and compared them among oseltamivir-treated, zanamivir-treated, and laninamivir-treated groups in 2013/2014 influenza season. the drug compliance of each neuraminidase inhibitor was good in all three groups. although the duration of fever after administration of the first dose of each neuraminidase inhibitor were significantly prolonged in the patient with influenza b infection than in the patient with ... | 2015 | 27004397 |
| influenza a and b co-infection: a case-control study and review of the literature. | influenza virus infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality during winter seasons. bacterial and virus co-infection is a commonly described situation in these patients. however, data on co-infection by influenza a and b viruses are lacking. in this study, we present the cases of co-infection by influenza a and b viruses during the winter season of 2014-2015 in our institution. we analyzed 2759 samples from 2111 patients and found that 625 samples corresponding to 609 patients were ... | 2016 | 26980094 |
| evaluation of the alere i influenza a&b assay for rapid identification of influenza a and influenza b viruses. | the alere i influenza a&b assay is a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification assay capable of detecting and differentiating influenza a and b viruses in approximately 15 min with minimal hands-on time. this study was conducted in order to assess the performance of the alere i influenza a&b assay compared to molecular techniques, considered to be gold standard methods, to evaluate the results. a total of 119 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from inpatients with influenza-like illness were inclu ... | 2016 | 26967368 |
| performance of rapid sofia influenza a+b test compared to luminex x-tag respiratory viral panel assay in the diagnosis of influenza a, b, and subtype h3. | influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza a or b viruses that occur in outbreaks, mainly during the winter season. rapid laboratory diagnosis of influenza can help guide the clinical management of suspected patients effectively. clinical sensitivities and specificities of the rapid influenza diagnostic tests have varied considerably in the literature. most of these studies are evaluated using previously frozen or stored specimens that had previously tested positive. this stud ... | 2016 | 26911275 |
| a prospective study to assess the diagnostic performance of the sofia(®) immunoassay for influenza and rsv detection. | respiratory viruses rsv and influenza a and b viruses are responsible for important disease outbreaks during the winter season in temperate climate regions. rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are assays designed to yield a rapid diagnosis, which facilitates patient management. the sofia influenza a+b fluorescence immunoassay and sofia rsv fluorescence immunoassay are rdts for influenza and rsv detection that employ a new technology to enhance their sensitivity. | 2016 | 26872325 |
| changes of immunogenic profiles between a single dose and one booster influenza vaccination in hemodialysis patients - an 18-week, open-label trial. | annual influenza vaccination is recommended, but its efficacy in dialysis population is still controversial. here we aimed to compare the dynamic changes of immune response between various influenza vaccination protocols in hemodialysis patients. a 18-week open label, non-randomized, controlled trial was conducted during 2011-2012. the efficacy between unvaccinated, one- and two-dose regimens were evaluated in 175 hemodialysis patients. immunogenic profiles were assessed by hemagglutination-inhi ... | 2016 | 26869526 |
| performance of the cobas(®) influenza a/b assay for rapid pcr-based detection of influenza compared to prodesse proflu+ and viral culture. | rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza is important for patient management and infection control. we determined the performance of the cobas(®) influenza a/b assay, a rapid automated nucleic acid assay performed on the cobas(®) liat system for qualitative detection of influenza a and influenza b from nasopharyngeal (np) swab specimens. retrospective frozen and prospectively collected np swabs from patients with signs and symptoms of influenza collected in universal transport medium (utm) were ... | 2015 | 26716012 |
| knowns and unknowns of influenza b viruses. | influenza b viruses (ibvs) circulate annually along with influenza a (iav) strains during seasonal epidemics. ibv can dominate influenza seasons and cause severe disease, particularly in children and adolescents. research has revealed interesting aspects of ibv and highlighted the importance of these viruses in clinical settings. yet, many important questions remain unanswered. in this review, the clinical relevance of ibv is emphasized, unique features in epidemiology, host range and virology a ... | 2016 | 26684590 |
| trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccination effectiveness in australia and south africa: results from a modelling study. | a modelling study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of trivalent (tiv) and quadrivalent (qiv) vaccination in south africa and australia. | 2016 | 26663701 |
| matrix-m™ adjuvation broadens protection induced by seasonal trivalent virosomal influenza vaccine. | influenza virus infections are responsible for significant morbidity worldwide and therefore it remains a high priority to develop more broadly protective vaccines. adjuvation of current seasonal influenza vaccines has the potential to achieve this goal. | 2015 | 26643820 |
| the burden of influenza-associated hospitalizations in oman, january 2008-june 2013. | acute respiratory infections (ari), including influenza, comprise a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. influenza surveillance provides important information to inform policy on influenza control and vaccination. while the epidemiology of influenza has been well characterized in western countries, few data exist on influenza epidemiology in the eastern mediterranean region. we describe the epidemiology of influenza virus in oman. | 2015 | 26642055 |
| influenza epidemiology in adults admitted to sentinel australian hospitals in 2014: the influenza complications alert network (flucan). | the influenza complications alert network (flucan) is a sentinel hospital-based surveillance program that operates at sites in all states and territories in australia. this report summarises the epidemiology of hospitalisations with laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2014 influenza season. in this observational study, cases were defined as patients admitted to one of the sentinel hospitals with an acute respiratory illness with influenza confirmed by nucleic acid detection. during the per ... | 2015 | 26620349 |
| molecular basis of mrna cap recognition by influenza b polymerase pb2 subunit. | influenza virus polymerase catalyzes the transcription of viral mrnas by a process known as "cap-snatching," where the 5'-cap of cellular pre-mrna is recognized by the pb2 subunit and cleaved 10-13 nucleotides downstream of the cap by the endonuclease pa subunit. although this mechanism is common to both influenza a (flua) and influenza b (flub) viruses, flub pb2 recognizes a wider range of cap structures including m(7)gpppgm-, m(7)gpppg-, and gpppg-rna, whereas flua pb2 utilizes methylated g-ca ... | 2016 | 26559973 |
| the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalisation in children in western australia. | there is increasing evidence demonstrating influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) in the prevention of influenza in children, including the very young. data demonstrating the effectiveness against severe disease, including hospitalisation, are limited. we aimed to determine the ve of the southern hemisphere trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalisation in children. | 2015 | 26549359 |
| etiology and incidence of viral acute respiratory infections among refugees aged 5 years and older in hagadera camp, dadaab, kenya. | we used the centers for disease control and prevention-kenya medical research institute acute respiratory infection (ari) surveillance system data to estimate severe acute respiratory infection (sari) hospitalization rates, viral etiology, and associated complaints of influenza-like illnesses (ili) and sari conditions among those aged 5 years and older in hagadera, dadaab refugee camp, kenya, for 2010-2012. a total of 471 patients aged ≥ 5 years met the case definition for ili or sari. sari hosp ... | 2015 | 26458776 |
| striking similarities in the presentation and duration of illness of influenza a and b in the community: a study based on sentinel surveillance networks in france and turkey, 2010-2012. | influenza b represents a high proportion of influenza cases in some seasons (even over 50%). the influenza b study in general practice (ibgp) is a multicenter study providing information about the clinical, demographic and socio-economic characteristics of patients affected by lab-confirmed influenza a or b. influenza b patients and age-matched influenza a patients were recruited within the sentinel surveillance networks of france and turkey in 2010-11 and 2011-12 seasons. data were collected fo ... | 2015 | 26426119 |
| epidemiological features of influenza in canadian adult intensive care unit patients. | to identify predictive factors and mortality of patients with influenza admitted to intensive care units (icu) we carried out a prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in adult icus in a network of canadian hospitals between 2006 and 2012. there were 626 influenza-positive patients admitted to icus over the six influenza seasons, representing 17·9% of hospitalized influenza patients, 3·1/10,000 hospital admissions. variability occurred in admission r ... | 2016 | 26384310 |
| factors associated with real-time rt-pcr cycle threshold values among medically attended influenza episodes. | we evaluated the cycle threshold (ct) values of 1,160 influenza a positive and 806 influenza b positive specimens from two seasons of the us flu ve network to identify factors associated with ct values. low ct values (high genomic load) were associated with shorter intervals between illness onset and specimen collection, young age (ages 3-8 years old), and self-rated illness severity for both influenza a and b. low ct values were also associated with reported fever/feverishness and age ≥65 years ... | 2016 | 26334765 |
| epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza b viruses in malaysia, 2012-2014. | epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza b victoria and yamagata lineages remained poorly understood in the tropical southeast asia region, despite causing seasonal outbreaks worldwide. from 2012-2014, nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from outpatients experiencing acute upper respiratory tract infection symptoms in kuala lumpur, malaysia, were screened for influenza viruses using a multiplex rt-pcr assay. among 2,010/3,935 (51.1%) patients infected with at least one respirator ... | 2015 | 26313754 |
| usage of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among children in the united states, 2013-14. | annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone ≥ 6 months in the u.s. during the 2013-14 influenza season, in addition to trivalent influenza vaccines, quadrivalent vaccines were available, protecting against two influenza a and two influenza b viruses. we analyzed 1,976,443 immunization records from six sentinel sites to compare influenza vaccine usage among children age 6 months-18 years. a total of 983,401 (49.8%) influenza vaccine doses administered were trivalent and 920,333 (46.6 ... | 2015 | 26296494 |
| ten influenza seasons in france: distribution and timing of influenza a and b circulation, 2003-2013. | describing the circulation of influenza viruses and the characteristics of seasonal epidemics remains an essential tool to optimize the strategies of influenza prevention and control. special attention has been recently paid to influenza b in the context of the availability of a quadrivalent vaccine, containing two influenza b strains. | 2015 | 26289794 |
| should clinical case definitions of influenza in hospitalized older adults include fever? | influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly persons. fever is included in all standard definitions of influenza-like illness (ili), yet older patients may have diminished febrile response to infection. therefore, we examined the utility of various thresholds to define fever for case definitions of influenza in persons ≥ 65 years of age. | 2015 | 26256292 |
| epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza b: results of the global influenza b study. | literature on influenza focuses on influenza a, despite influenza b having a large public health impact. the global influenza b study aims to collect information on global epidemiology and burden of disease of influenza b since 2000. | 2015 | 26256290 |
| [influenza vaccination. effectiveness of current vaccines and future challenges]. | seasonal influenza is an annual challenge for health-care systems, due to factors such as co-circulation of 2 influenza a subtypes jointly with 2 influenza b lineages; the antigenic drift of these virus, which eludes natural immunity, as well as immunity conferred by vaccination; together with influenza impact in terms of morbidity and mortality. influenza vaccines have been available for more than 70 years and they have progressed in formulation, production and delivery route. recommendations o ... | 2017 | 26232121 |
| fluarix quadrivalent vaccine for influenza. | influenza a and b infections cause significant morbidity and mortality. over the past 30 years, two main influenza b strains have been circulating globally. the trivalent influenza vaccine used in the last 25 years contains one b strain, with approximately 31% of b strain disease coverage over the last 10 years. fluarix quadrivalent vaccine, containing two a and two b strains, combines the components of two existing trivalent vaccines to prevent this mismatch. this review gives an overview of th ... | 2015 | 26098443 |
| host transcriptional response to influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections--a prospective cohort study. | to better understand the systemic response to naturally acquired acute respiratory viral infections, we prospectively enrolled 1610 healthy adults in 2009 and 2010. of these, 142 subjects were followed for detailed evaluation of acute viral respiratory illness. we examined peripheral blood gene expression at 7 timepoints: enrollment, 5 illness visits and the end of each year of the study. 133 completed all study visits and yielded technically adequate peripheral blood microarray gene expression ... | 2015 | 26070066 |
| performance characteristics of xpert flu/rsv xc assay. | the xpert flu/rsv xc assay was compared to laboratory-developed tests (ldts) (n = 207) and the xpert flu assay (n = 147) using archived nasopharyngeal swabs. the percentages of positive agreements with ldts were 97.8% for influenza a, 97.2% for influenza b, and 89.3% for rsv. the sensitivity of influenza detection was improved with the xpert flu/rsv xc assay compared to the xpert flu assay. | 2015 | 26019209 |
| distinct kinetics and pathways of apoptosis in influenza a and b virus infection. | annual influenza epidemics are associated with high incidence and mortality rates, and are an important cause of work absenteeism and productivity losses. for successful replication, influenza viruses have evolved as to counteract and/or take a part on host defense mechanisms. manipulation of apoptosis is one of such mechanisms that have been subject of attention, particularly in relation to influenza type a viruses over the past years. however, this knowledge has not been extended to include in ... | 2015 | 26002021 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of quadrivalent influenza vaccination in at-risk adults and the elderly: an updated analysis in the u.k. | to update an earlier evaluation estimating the cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent influenza vaccination (qiv) compared with trivalent influenza vaccination (tiv) in the adult population currently recommended for influenza vaccination in the uk (all people aged ≥65 years and people aged 18-64 years with clinical risk conditions). | 2015 | 25903831 |
| epidemiological study of influenza b in shanghai during the 2009-2014 seasons: implications for influenza vaccination strategy. | a new quadrivalent influenza vaccine has been available for influenza b, which can pose a significant global health burden. shanghai has the highest gdp and largest metropolitan population in china. to understand the impact of influenza b in shanghai in terms of age-related incidence and relative prevalence compared with other subtypes, we conducted this retrospective epidemiological study of influenza b in the 2009-2014 seasons. a total of 71 354 outpatients with influenza-like illness were inc ... | 2015 | 25882368 |
| the clinical and etiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ili) in outpatients in shanghai, china, 2011 to 2013. | clinical and etiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ili) in outpatients is poorly understood in the southern temperate region of china. we conducted laboratory-based surveillance of viral etiology for ili outpatients in shanghai from january 2011 to december 2013. | 2015 | 25822885 |
| suboptimal effectiveness of the 2011-2012 seasonal influenza vaccine in adult korean populations. | the effectiveness of the 2011-2012 seasonal influenza vaccine was evaluated in adult korean populations with regard to how well it could prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza and influenza-related complications. | 2015 | 25815717 |
| detection of influenza a and b with the alere ™ i influenza a & b: a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification assay. | rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) have an important role in clinical decision-making; however, the performances of currently available assays vary widely. | 2015 | 25728758 |
| performance of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (quickvue) for influenza a and b infection in india. | rapid point-of-care (poc) tests provide an economical alternative for rapid diagnosis and treatment of influenza, especially in public health emergency situations. | 2015 | 25657152 |
| comparison of the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed influenza a and influenza b cases in manitoba, canada. | despite the public health significance of annual influenza outbreaks, the literature comparing the epidemiology of influenza a and b infections is limited and dated and may not reflect recent trends. in canada, the relative contribution of influenza a and b to the burden of morbidity is not well understood. we examined rates of laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza a and b (lci-a and lci-b) in the canadian province of manitoba between 1993 and 2008 and compared cases of the two types in terms ... | 2015 | 25633280 |
| comparison of the sofia and veritor direct antigen detection assay systems for identification of influenza viruses from patient nasopharyngeal specimens. | influenza antigen detection assays (sofia fluorescent immunoassay [fia] and veritor) yield objective results, which are potentially useful for point-of-care testing. the assays were evaluated with reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) using 411 nasopharyngeal swab specimens. sensitivity and specificity values (percentages) of 79.0/99.0 and 64.0/99.4 for influenza a and 92.9/96.7 and 78.6/98.7 for influenza b were obtained for the sofia and veritor assays, respectively. | 2015 | 25609718 |
| detection of influenza virus infection using two pcr methods. | rapid, accurate, and cost-effective methods to identify the cause of respiratory tract infections are needed to maximize clinical benefit. outpatients with acute respiratory illness were tested for influenza using a singleplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (srt-pcr) method. a multiplex rt-pcr (mrt-pcr) method tested for influenza and 17 other viruses and was compared with srt-pcr using chi-square tests. among 935 patients, 335 (36%) tested positive for influenza a and influenza ... | 2014 | 25574169 |
| influenza viral load and peramivir kinetics after single administration and proposal of regimens for peramivir administration against resistant variants. | we estimated the efficacy of the current single administration of peramivir on the basis of peramivir pharmacokinetics in the upper respiratory tract (urt) and determined the predictive peramivir concentration-time curve to assess its efficacy against viruses with decreased susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors. serum, nasal swab, or aspiration samples were collected from 28 patients treated with 10 mg/kg body weight peramivir. the sequential influenza viral rna load and susceptibility afte ... | 2015 | 25547357 |
| differentiation of influenza b lineages from clinical samples by one-step real-time rt-pcr. | influenza viruses type a and type b are a leading cause of annual epidemics in human populations. since the 1970s, influenza b viruses have diverged into two antigenically distinct virus lineages called the yamagata and victoria lineages. we describe the validation and implementation of a one-step real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) assay that can differentiate between the two genetic lineages of type b. | 2014 | 25518567 |
| performance of the molecular alere i influenza a&b test compared to that of the xpert flu a/b assay. | data on the performance of rapid molecular point-of-care use platforms for diagnosis of influenza are lacking. we validated nasopharyngeal (np) flocked specimens in universal transport medium (utm) and evaluated the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the alere i influenza a&b test compared to those of the xpert flu a/b assay. the alere i influenza a&b test had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 93.8% and 62.5% for influenza a, respectively, and of 91.8% and 53.6% for influenza b, res ... | 2015 | 25502527 |
| natural attack rate of influenza in unvaccinated children and adults: a meta-regression analysis. | the natural (i.e. unvaccinated population) attack rate of an infectious disease is an important parameter required for understanding disease transmission. as such, it is an input parameter in infectious disease mathematical models. influenza is an infectious disease that poses a major health concern worldwide and the natural attack rate of this disease is crucial in determining the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of public health interventions and informing surveillance program design. we e ... | 2014 | 25495228 |
| understanding influenza vaccine protection in the community: an assessment of the 2013 influenza season in victoria, australia. | the influenza virus undergoes frequent antigenic drift, necessitating annual review of the composition of the influenza vaccine. vaccination is an important strategy for reducing the impact and burden of influenza, and estimating vaccine effectiveness (ve) each year informs surveillance and preventative measures. we aimed to describe the influenza season and to estimate the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in victoria, australia, in 2013. | 2015 | 25448093 |
| tropical influenza and weather variability among children in an urban low-income population in bangladesh. | background influenza seasonality in the tropics is poorly understood and not as well documented as in temperate regions. in addition, low-income populations are considered highly vulnerable to such acute respiratory disease, owing to limited resources and overcrowding. nonetheless, little is known about their actual disease burden for lack of data. we therefore investigated associations between tropical influenza incidence and weather variability among children under five in a poor urban area of ... | 2014 | 28672588 |
| clinical manifestations of influenza a and b in children and adults at a tertiary hospital in korea during the 2011-2012 season. | this study aims to evaluate and compare the epidemiological patterns and clinical courses of influenza a and b among children and adults. for this purpose, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 809 children and 271 adolescents/adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza between october 2011 and may 2012 at a tertiary-care hospital. children with influenza b presented with high fever (body temperature >39℃), sputum production, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and myalgia more frequently tha ... | 2015 | 25420662 |
| structural insight into cap-snatching and rna synthesis by influenza polymerase. | influenza virus polymerase uses a capped primer, derived by 'cap-snatching' from host pre-messenger rna, to transcribe its rna genome into mrna and a stuttering mechanism to generate the poly(a) tail. by contrast, genome replication is unprimed and generates exact full-length copies of the template. here we use crystal structures of bat influenza a and human influenza b polymerases (flua and flub), bound to the viral rna promoter, to give mechanistic insight into these distinct processes. in the ... | 2014 | 25409151 |
| risk factors and outcomes of influenza infection among children presenting with influenza-like illness. | limited data were available to guide management, counseling, and/or diagnostic investigation among children presenting with influenza-like illness (ili). during a recent period of high influenza activity, we wished to determine the frequency, outcomes, and factors associated with influenza infection among children presenting with ili. | 2014 | 25391171 |
| a highly sensitive europium nanoparticle-based immunoassay for detection of influenza a/b virus antigen in clinical specimens. | we report the development of a novel europium nanoparticle-based immunoassay (enia) for rapid detection of influenza a and influenza b viruses. the enia demonstrated sensitivities of 90.7% (147/162) for influenza a viruses and 81.80% (9/11) for influenza b viruses compared to those for an in-house reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assay in testing of influenza-positive clinical samples. | 2014 | 25297327 |
| tropical influenza and weather variability among children in an urban low-income population in bangladesh. | influenza seasonality in the tropics is poorly understood and not as well documented as in temperate regions. in addition, low-income populations are considered highly vulnerable to such acute respiratory disease, owing to limited resources and overcrowding. nonetheless, little is known about their actual disease burden for lack of data. we therefore investigated associations between tropical influenza incidence and weather variability among children under five in a poor urban area of dhaka, ban ... | 2014 | 25128806 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness in australia: results from the australian sentinel practices research network. | to estimate influenza vaccine coverage and effectiveness against medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza for the 2012 season. | 2014 | 25045991 |
| protective immunity based on the conserved hemagglutinin stalk domain and its prospects for universal influenza vaccine development. | influenza virus surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha) is an excellent and chief target that elicits neutralizing antibodies during vaccination or natural infection. its ha2 subunit (stem domain) is most conserved as compared to ha1 subunit (globular head domain). current influenza vaccine relies on globular head domain that provides protection only against the homologous vaccine strains, rarely provides cross-protection against divergent strains, and needs to be updated annually. there is an u ... | 2014 | 24982895 |
| multicenter clinical evaluation of the novel alere™ i influenza a&b isothermal nucleic acid amplification test. | rapid detection of influenza infection is important for patient management and timely anti-viral therapy. rapid antigen detection tests for influenza have inferior sensitivity when compared to nucleic acid-based amplification tests. an isothermal nucleic acid amplification test that offers the potential for rapid molecular testing at the clinical point-of-care with simple equipment can improve influenza detection rates. | 2014 | 24973813 |
| evaluation of the sofia influenza a + b fluorescent immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a and b. | rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) can facilitate the appropriate prescription of antivirals for influenza, obviate the need for unnecessary testing and antibacterial agents and allow the implementation of infection control measures. however, the reported sensitivities and specificities of different ridts vary widely in clinical settings, as does assay ability to distinguish between influenza types and subtypes. to evaluate the performance of the sofia influenza a + b fluorescent immunoass ... | 2015 | 24838873 |
| comparing clinical characteristics between hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza a and b virus infection. | we challenge the notion that influenza b is milder than influenza a by finding similar clinical characteristics between hospitalized adult influenza-cases. among patients treated with oseltamivir, length of stay and mortality did not differ by type of virus infection. | 2014 | 24748521 |
| clinical performance evaluation of the bd veritor system flu a+b assay. | early identification of influenza is important for optimal patient management and infection control. rapid influenza antigen tests have been used routinely in clinical settings to confirm clinical suspicion, despite their low sensitivity. to improve sensitivity, various influenza point-of-care test reader systems have been developed. this study evaluated the clinical performance of a digital readout rapid influenza diagnostic test (ridt), the bd veritor™ system flu a+b assay (bd). nasopharyngeal ... | 2014 | 24747589 |
| seasonal influenza vaccination and technologies. | seasonal influenza is a serious respiratory illness that causes annual worldwide epidemics resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. influenza pandemics occur about every 40 yrs, and may carry a greater burden of illness and death than seasonal influenza. both seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza have profound economic consequences. the combination of current vaccine efficacy and viral antigenic drifts and shifts necessitates annual vaccination. new manufacturing technologies in inf ... | 2014 | 24691877 |
| [analysis of co-infections between influenza a and influenza b viruses and other respiratory viruses, 2012-2013]. | | 2014 | 24679446 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of universal influenza vaccination with quadrivalent inactivated vaccine in the united states. | to address influenza b lineage mismatch and co-circulation, several quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (iiv4s) containing two type a strains and both type b lineages have recently been approved in the united states. currently available trivalent inactivated vaccines (iiv3s) or trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccines (laiv3s) comprise two influenza a strains and one of the two influenza b lineages that have co-circulated in the united states since 2001. the objective of this analysi ... | 2014 | 24609063 |
| a historically-controlled phase iii study in adults to characterize the acceptability of a process change for manufacturing inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine. | an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (qiv) was recently licenced in the us as a thimerosal-free formulation presented in a pre-filled syringe. a multidose presentation is preferred in some settings due to reduced acquisition and cold storage costs. we assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a thimerosal-containing qiv formulated using a new manufacturing process for presentation in multidose vials. | 2014 | 24606983 |
| an outbreak of influenza b in an isolated nomadic community in jammu & kashmir, india. | community outbreaks of disease amongst nomadic populations generally remain undocumented. following a reported increase in acute respiratory tract infections (ari) in may 2011 in a nomadic population of sangerwini in jammu & kashmir, india, we examined the patients with ari symptoms and their nasal swabs were tested for influenza virus. | 2013 | 24521649 |
| effectiveness of the 2010 and 2011 southern hemisphere trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines against hospitalization with influenza-associated acute respiratory infection among thai adults aged ≥ 50 years. | inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv) effectiveness has been evaluated among older adults in high-income countries, but data on iiv effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries remain sparse. we conducted a test-negative case-control analysis to estimate 2010 and 2011 trivalent iiv effectiveness against hospitalization with influenza-associated acute respiratory infection (ari) among persons aged ≥ 50 years in rural thailand. | 2014 | 24490684 |
| clinical and virologic factors associated with reduced sensitivity of rapid influenza diagnostic tests in hospitalized elderly patients and young children. | rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) are commonly used by clinicians to guide patient management. data on sensitivities among hospitalized patients are limited. here, we evaluated the clinical and virologic factors affecting the sensitivities of 2 commercially available ridts (binaxnow influenza a&b and quickvue influenza a+b) on nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) specimens collected from elderly patients and young children hospitalized for influenza. influenza cases and age-matched negative cont ... | 2014 | 24478479 |
| identification of conserved rna secondary structures at influenza b and c splice sites reveals similarities and differences between influenza a, b, and c. | influenza b and c are single-stranded rna viruses that cause yearly epidemics and infections. knowledge of rna secondary structure generated by influenza b and c will be helpful in further understanding the role of rna structure in the progression of influenza infection. | 2014 | 24405943 |
| characterization of regional influenza seasonality patterns in china and implications for vaccination strategies: spatio-temporal modeling of surveillance data. | the complexity of influenza seasonal patterns in the inter-tropical zone impedes the establishment of effective routine immunization programs. china is a climatologically and economically diverse country, which has yet to establish a national influenza vaccination program. here we characterize the diversity of influenza seasonality in china and make recommendations to guide future vaccination programs. | 2013 | 24348203 |
| influenza vaccination and risk of hospitalization among adults with laboratory confirmed influenza illness. | influenza vaccine is moderately effective for preventing influenza illness. it is not known if vaccination reduces the risk of subsequent hospital admission among patients with vaccine failure and laboratory confirmed influenza illness. | 2014 | 24291201 |
| household transmission of influenza a and b in a school-based study of non-pharmaceutical interventions. | the effect of school-based non-pharmaceutical interventions (npis) on influenza a and b transmission in children's households has not been estimated in published literature. we use data from a large school-based cluster randomized trial of improved hand and respiratory hygiene measures to explore the secondary transmission of influenza a and b in households of laboratory confirmed influenza cases. data were taken from the pittsburgh influenza prevention project, a cluster-randomized trial of npi ... | 2013 | 24267874 |
| a monoclonal antibody targeting a highly conserved epitope in influenza b neuraminidase provides protection against drug resistant strains. | all influenza viral neuraminidases (na) of both type a and b viruses have only one universally conserved sequence located between amino acids 222-230. a monoclonal antibody against this region has been previously reported to provide broad inhibition against all nine subtypes of influenza a na; yet its inhibitory effect against influenza b viral na remained unknown. here, we report that the monoclonal antibody provides a broad inhibition against various strains of influenza b viruses of both vict ... | 2013 | 24140051 |
| the evolving history of influenza viruses and influenza vaccines. | the isolation of influenza virus 80 years ago in 1933 very quickly led to the development of the first generation of live-attenuated vaccines. the first inactivated influenza vaccine was monovalent (influenza a). in 1942, a bivalent vaccine was produced after the discovery of influenza b. it was later discovered that influenza viruses mutated leading to antigenic changes. since 1973, the who has issued annual recommendations for the composition of the influenza vaccine based on results from surv ... | 2013 | 24024871 |
| inactivated quadrivalent split-virus seasonal influenza vaccine (fluarix® quadrivalent): a review of its use in the prevention of disease caused by influenza a and b. | the inactivated quadrivalent split-virus seasonal influenza vaccine [fluarix® quadrivalent, manufactured in dresden (d-qiv)] contains 15 μg haemagglutinin from each of the four influenza virus strains expected to circulate in the upcoming influenza season. unlike seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines (tivs), which have been used previously, quadrivalent influenza vaccines (qivs) contain two influenza a subtype viruses and two b type viruses. as two different b viruses have co-circulated in recen ... | 2013 | 24022123 |
| clinical evaluation of highly sensitive silver amplification immunochromatography systems for rapid diagnosis of influenza. | in this study, the clinical usefulness of silver amplification immunochromatography (sai) influenza virus detection kits, which employed a photographic development technology to increase the sensitivity of the conventional immunochromatographic assay was evaluated. influenza a and b virus strains of nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained from influenza patients were tested at different dilutions on the sai system and conventional immunochromatographic assay kit (espline influenza a & b-n), and detect ... | 2013 | 23994146 |
| socio-economic burden of influenza among children younger than 5 years in the outpatient setting in suzhou, china. | the disease burden of children with laboratory-confirmed influenza in china has not been well described. the aim of this study was to understand the epidemiology and socio-economic burden of influenza in children younger than 5 years in outpatient and emergency department settings. | 2013 | 23950882 |
| laboratory surveillance of influenza virus in children under 10 years old, in northern greece, during 2004-2010. | influenza viruses constitute one of the most common pathogens that cause acute respiratory disease in children. the aim of this study is to present the contribution of influenza viruses to influenza-like illness (ili) in children (aged<10 years old) in northern greece during six influenza seasons (2004-2010). | 2013 | 23935338 |
| automated, simple, and efficient influenza rna extraction from clinical respiratory swabs using trutip and epmotion. | rapid, simple and efficient influenza rna purification from clinical samples is essential for sensitive molecular detection of influenza infection. automation of the trutip extraction method can increase sample throughput while maintaining performance. | 2013 | 23880159 |
| multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (m-lamp) assay for the detection of influenza a/h1, a/h3 and influenza b can provide a specimen-to-result diagnosis in 40 min with single genome copy sensitivity. | rapid isothermal amplification methods have recently been introduced and they offer significant advantages over pcr. | 2013 | 23827787 |
| comparing influenza vaccine efficacy against mismatched and matched strains: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | influenza vaccines are most effective when the antigens in the vaccine match those of circulating strains. however, antigens contained in the vaccines do not always match circulating strains. in the present work we aimed to examine the vaccine efficacy (ve) afforded by influenza vaccines when they are not well matched to circulating strains. | 2013 | 23800265 |
| hospital-based influenza surveillance in korea: hospital-based influenza morbidity and mortality study group. | influenza epidemics occur annually with variations in size and severity. hospital-based influenza morbidity & mortality was established to monitor influenza epidemics and their severity, which is composed of two surveillance systems: emergency room-based and inpatient-based surveillance. regarding emergency room-based surveillance, influenza-like illness index (influenza-like illness cases per 1,000 emergency room-visiting subjects), number of laboratory-confirmed cases and the distribution of i ... | 2013 | 23508916 |
| surveillance and vaccine effectiveness of an influenza epidemic predominated by vaccine-mismatched influenza b/yamagata-lineage viruses in taiwan, 2011-12 season. | the 2011-12 trivalent influenza vaccine contains a strain of influenza b/victoria-lineage viruses. despite free provision of influenza vaccine among target populations, an epidemic predominated by influenza b/yamagata-lineage viruses occurred during the 2011-12 season in taiwan. we characterized this vaccine-mismatched epidemic and estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve). | 2013 | 23472161 |
| effectiveness of seasonal 2012/13 vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza infection in primary care in the united kingdom: mid-season analysis 2012/13. | the early experience of the united kingdom (uk) is that influenza b has dominated the influenza 2012/13 season. overall trivalent influenza vaccine (tiv) adjusted vaccine effectiveness (ve) against all laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care was 51% (95% confidence interval (ci): 27% to 68%); tiv adjusted ve against influenza a alone or influenza b alone was 49% (95% ci: -2% to 75%) and 52% (95% ci: 23% to 70%) respectively. vaccination remains the best protection against influenza. | 2013 | 23399421 |
| the burden of influenza b: a structured literature review. | we reviewed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, disease severity, and economic burden of influenza b as reported in the peer-reviewed published literature. we used medline to perform a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed, english-language literature published between 1995 and 2010. widely variable frequency data were reported. clinical presentation of influenza b was similar to that of influenza a, although we observed conflicting reports. influenza b-specific data on hospitali ... | 2013 | 23327249 |
| comparison of the detection of influenza a and b viruses by different methods. | to investigate the detection of influenza viruses by three different methods. | 2012 | 23321198 |
| implementation of filmarray respiratory viral panel in a core laboratory improves testing turnaround time and patient care. | the filmarray respiratory virus panel detects 15 viral agents in respiratory specimens using polymerase chain reaction. we performed filmarray respiratory viral testing in a core laboratory at a regional children's hospital that provides service 24 hours a day 7 days a week. the average and median turnaround time were 1.6 and 1.4 hours, respectively, in contrast to 7 and 6.5 hours documented 1 year previously at an on-site reference laboratory using a direct fluorescence assay (dfa) that detecte ... | 2013 | 23270907 |