| in vitro trichomonacidal activity and preliminary in silico chemometric studies of 5-nitroindazolin-3-one and 3-alkoxy-5-nitroindazole derivatives. | a selection of 1,2-disubstituted 5-nitroindazolin-3-ones (1-19) and 3-alkoxy-5-nitroindazoles substituted at positions 1 (20-24) or 2 (25-39) from our in-house compound library were screened in vitro against the most common curable sexually transmitted pathogen, trichomonas vaginalis. a total of 41% of the studied molecules (16/39) achieved a significant activity of more than 85% growth inhibition at the highest concentration assayed (100 µg ml(-1)). among these compounds, 3-alkoxy-5-nitroindazo ... | 2016 | 26525913 |
| experience of successful treatment of patients with metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis with zinc sulfate: a case series. | there are no universally successful guidelines for the treatment of metronidazole-resistant vaginal trichomoniasis. this is distressing for patients and frustrating for physicians. we therefore decided to evaluate whether zinc sulfate douche is effective in treating vaginal trichomoniasis, because the compound is a natural antimicrobial chemical defense in humans. | 2015 | 26522122 |
| detection and molecular characterization of double-stranded rna viruses in philippine trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | the flagellated protozoon trichomonas vaginalis that parasitizes the urogenital tract of humans was reported to harbor double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses. these viruses, identified as trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv), belong to the genus trichomonasvirus of the family totiviridae. four species, formally recognized by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv), have been reported and distinguished by pairwise comparisons of the sequences of genes coding for major capsid protein ( ... | 2015 | 26471924 |
| trichomonas vaginalis erythrophagocytosis in the urine sediment. | | 2016 | 26468272 |
| comparative aspects of immunity and vaccination in human and bovine trichomoniasis: a review. | trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus are important extracellular protozoans that cause, respectively, human and bovine venereal diseases. trichomonads are extracellular parasites that primarily inhabit the genital tracts of the mammalian hosts where they overcome the mucus barrier and parasitize mucosa by contact-dependent or contact-independent cytotoxicity. transient immunity is usually achieved by the host after clinical infection. at present, vaccination in cattle reduces infectio ... | 2016 | 26424377 |
| digestion of glycogen by a glucosidase released by trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a widespread sexually transmitted disease. in vitro culture of t. vaginalis typically employs a medium supplemented with either maltose or glucose and carbohydrates are considered essential for growth. although the nature of the carbohydrates utilized by t. vaginalis in vivo is undefined, the vaginal epithelium is rich in glycogen, which appears to provide a source of carbon for the vaginal microbiota. h ... | 2015 | 26420465 |
| bifunctional activity of deoxyhypusine synthase/hydroxylase from trichomonas vaginalis. | the trichomonas vaginalis genome analysis suggested the presence of a putative deoxyhypusine synthase (tvdhs) that catalyzes the posttranslational modification of eif-5a. herein, we expressed and purified the recombinant tvdhs (rtvdhs) protein (43 kda) and the recombinant tveif-5a (rtveif-5a) precursor protein (46 kda). a 41 kda band of the native tvdhs was recognized by western blot analysis in t. vaginalis total protein extract by a mouse polyclonal anti-rtvdhs antibody. the enzymatic activity ... | 2016 | 26410361 |
| optimal reference genes for gene expression normalization in trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomonosis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. this infection is associated with several health consequences, including cervical and prostate cancers and hiv acquisition. gene expression analysis has been facilitated because of available genome sequences and large-scale transcriptomes in t. vaginalis, particularly using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr), one of the most used methods for mol ... | 2015 | 26393928 |
| a case of metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis in pregnancy. | trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan infection resulting in vulvo-vaginitis and altered vaginal discharge in symptomatic women. trichomoniasis has been implicated in causing adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight and pre-term labour. metronidazole is the recommended first-line treatment for trichomonal infection. other nitroimidazoles, such as tinidazole, are used as alternative regimens with similar activity but at a greater expense. treatment failure usually r ... | 2016 | 26384945 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infection among homeless and unstably housed adult women living in a resource-rich urban environment. | the social context of poverty is consistently linked to trichomonas vaginalis infection, yet few studies regarding t. vaginalis have been conducted exclusively among low-income individuals. we identified social determinants of health associated with prevalent t. vaginalis infection among homeless and unstably housed adult women. | 2016 | 26347544 |
| in vitro anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of pistacia lentiscus mastic and ocimum basilicum essential oil. | trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis; a cosmopolitan sexually transmitted disease. metronidazole is the drug of choice for t. vaginalis infections. the increase in metronidazole resistant parasites and undesirable side effects of this drug makes the search for an alternative a priority for the management of trichomoniasis. pistacia lentiscus mastic and ocimum basilicum oil are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiprotozoal effects. the ... | 2015 | 26345053 |
| eicosapentaenoic acid modulates trichomonas vaginalis activity. | trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted parasite and, while it is often asymptomatic in males, the parasite is associated with disease in both sexes. metronidazole is an effective treatment for trichomoniasis, but resistant strains have evolved and, thus, it has become necessary to investigate other possible therapies. in this study, we examined the effects of native and oxidized forms of the sodium salts of eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and arachidonic acids on t. vaginalis activit ... | 2016 | 26333486 |
| involvement of pi3k/akt and mapk pathways for tnf-α production in siha cervical mucosal epithelial cells infected with trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis; induces proinflammation in cervicovaginal mucosal epithelium. to investigate the signaling pathways in tnf-α production in cervical mucosal epithelium after t. vaginalis infection, the phosphorylation of pi3k/akt and mapk pathways were evaluated in t. vaginalis-infected siha cells in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors. t. vaginalis increased tnf-α production in siha cells, in a parasite burden-dependent and incubation time-dependent manner. in t. vaginalis-inf ... | 2015 | 26323834 |
| comparative inhibition study of compounds identified in the methanolic extract of apamarga kshara against trichomonas vaginalis carbamate kinase (tvck): an enzoinformatics approach. | in the present study, we have identified ten compounds, namely dodecanol acid, myristic acid, neophytadiene, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, elaidic acid, 3-7-dimethyl acid, stearic acid and methyl eicos acid, of the methanolic extract of apamarga kshara by gc-ms analysis. apamarga kshara has been reported to be active against cervical erosion. major causal organism for cervical erosion is trichomonas vaginalis. however, there is a paucity of information about the mechanism of ... | 2016 | 26310620 |
| novel insights into the molecular events linking to cell death induced by tetracycline in the amitochondriate protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis colonizes the human urogenital tract and causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease. currently, 5-nitroimidazoles are the only recommended drugs for treating trichomoniasis. however, increased resistance of the parasite to 5-nitroimidazoles has emerged as a highly problematic public health issue. hence, it is essential to identify alternative chemotherapeutic agents against refractory trichomoniasis. tetracycline (tet) is a broad-spectrum a ... | 2015 | 26303799 |
| prevalence of and risk factors for bacterial vaginosis among women of reproductive age attending cervical screening in southeastern brazil. | to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for bacterial vaginosis. | 2015 | 26283224 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infection in a tertiary care vaginitis center. | trichomonas vaginalis infection (tvi) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the united states. we sought to determine the features of tvi in a referral-based vaginitis center, focusing on diagnosis and treatment of difficult cases. | 2015 | 26267873 |
| comparison of the effect of vaginal zataria multiflora cream and oral metronidazole pill on results of treatments for vaginal infections including trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age. | effect of zataria multiflora on bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginalis is shown in vivo and in vitro. we compare the effectiveness of zataria multiflora cream and oral metronidazole pill on results of treatment for vaginal infections including trichomonas and bacterial vaginosis; these infections occur simultaneously. the study included 420 women with bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis, or both infections together, who were randomly divided into six groups. criteria for diagnosis ... | 2015 | 26266260 |
| medical devices; immunology and microbiology devices; classification of trichomonas vaginalis nucleic acid assay. final order. | the food and drug administration (fda) is classifying a trichomonas vaginalis nucleic acid assay into class ii (special controls). the agency is classifying the device into class ii (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. | 2015 | 26241999 |
| effect of verbascum thapsus ethanol extract on induction of apoptosis in trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. | trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease (std) caused by a tiny parasite called trichomonas vaginalis. metronidazole is used as routine treatment of disease. some reports have confirmed the potential carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of this drug on fetus and indication of drug resistance. verbascum thapsus belongs to the family of scorphulariaceae. its antiinflammatory properties, disinfectant and skin healing effects are well known. this plant has been used to treat diarrhea and gen ... | 2015 | 26239850 |
| persistence of trichomonas vaginalis serostatus in men over time. | previous epidemiologic studies have observed positive associations between trichomonas vaginalis (tv) serostatus and both prostate cancer (pca) risk and mortality. however, only a few small older studies have examined tv antibody persistence over time, all of which were composed mainly of female patients. therefore, we examined tv antibody persistence over time, as well as intra-individual variability, among middle- to older-aged men in the southern community cohort study (sccs). | 2015 | 26223890 |
| nitric oxide maintains cell survival of trichomonas vaginalis upon iron depletion. | iron plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of highly prevalent human trichomoniasis. t. vaginalis resides in the vaginal region, where the iron concentration is constantly changing. hence, t. vaginalis must adapt to variations in iron availability to establish and maintain an infection. the free radical signaling molecules reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns) have been proven to participate in iron deficiency in eukary ... | 2015 | 26205151 |
| [possibility for luminescence identification of different trichomonas vaginalis forms]. | the paper presents the results of examining the morphology of different forms of trichomonas vaginalis by indirect immunofluorescence. fluorescence microscopy revealed that the typical forms of vaginal trichomonads showed a very bright light green glow, around the periphery of a cell in particular; the atypical forms of trichomonads emitted in the green spectral region less brilliantly and evenly. trichomonas fluorescence intensity was measured by spectrofluorescence assay. the experimental find ... | 2015 | 26152037 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in central vietnam. | the diffusion of trichomoniasis in vietnam has been scarcely studied. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of trichomoniasis in a group of symptomatic and asymptomatic women in central vietnam. relationships between education, socioeconomical and marital status, and sexual behavior with infection have also been investigated. | 2015 | 26142677 |
| synthetic sirnas effectively target cystein protease 12 and α-actinin transcripts in trichomonas vaginalis. | the flagellated protozoan trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis) causes trichomoniasis, a reproductive tract infection, in humans. trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. in addition to direct consequences such as infertility and abortion, there are indications that trichomoniasis favours development of prostate cancer and it has also been associated with increased risk of spreading human immunodeficiency virus and papillomavirus infections. reports from ... | 2015 | 26134763 |
| cytomorphometric and morphological analysis in women with trichomonas vaginalis infection: micronucleus frequency in exfoliated cervical epithelial cells. | the aim of this study was to explore the cytomorphometric and morphological effects of trichomonas vaginalis in exfoliated epithelial cells. | 2015 | 26112451 |
| trypanocidal, trichomonacidal and cytotoxic components of cultivated artemisia absinthium linnaeus (asteraceae) essential oil. | artemisia absinthium is an aromatic and medicinal plant of ethnopharmacological interest and it has been widely studied. the use ofa. absinthium based on the collection of wild populations can result in variable compositions of the extracts and essential oils (eos). the aim of this paper is the identification of the active components of the vapour pressure (vp) eo from a selected and cultivated a. absinthium spanish population (t2-11) against two parasitic protozoa with different metabolic pathw ... | 2015 | 26107187 |
| p transposable elements in drosophila and other eukaryotic organisms. | p transposable elements were discovered in drosophila as the causative agents of a syndrome of genetic traits called hybrid dysgenesis. hybrid dysgenesis exhibits a unique pattern of maternal inheritance linked to the germline-specific small rna piwi-interacting (pirna) pathway. the use of p transposable elements as vectors for gene transfer and as genetic tools revolutionized the field of drosophila molecular genetics. p element transposons have served as a useful model to investigate mechanism ... | 2015 | 26104714 |
| genetic diversity of trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates from henan province in central china. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that infects the human urogenital tract, causing the most common non-viral, sexually transmitted disease worldwide. in this study, genetic variants of t. vaginalis were identified in henan province, china. fragments of the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal rna (18s rrna) were amplified from 32 t. vaginalis isolates obtained from seven regions of henan province. overall, 18 haplotypes were determined from the 18s rrna sequences. each samp ... | 2015 | 26103990 |
| trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteinases: iron response in gene expression and proteolytic activity. | we focus on the iron response of trichomonas vaginalis to gene family products such as the cysteine proteinases (cps) involved in virulence properties. in particular, we examined the effect of iron on the gene expression regulation and function of cathepsin l-like and asparaginyl endopeptidase-like cps as virulence factors. we addressed some important aspects about cps genomic organization and we offer possible explanations to the fact that only few members of this large gene family are expresse ... | 2015 | 26090464 |
| t. vaginalis infection is associated with increased il-8 and tnfr1 levels but with the absence of cd38 and hladr activation in the cervix of esn. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is associated with an increased risk of hiv infection in exposed-seronegative women (esn) despite their unique immune quiescent profile. it is important to understand possible mechanisms, such as recruitment of activated t cells, by which t. vaginalis could facilitate hiv infection in this population. | 2015 | 26083468 |
| comparison between mixed lysate antigen and α-actinin antigen in elisa for serodiagnosis of trichomoniasis. | the aim of this study was to identify an antigen suitable for elisa for serodiagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis) infection. mixed lysate antigen (ag) from eight strains of t. vaginalis and recombinant α-actinin protein was compared. the sera of three groups were examined by elisa: 73 women infected with trichomoniasis served as a positive control, 31 male volunteers as a negative control, and 424 women attending an outpatient health screening at hanyang university guri hospital. bas ... | 2015 | 26072305 |
| population structure and genetic diversity of the parasite trichomonas vaginalis in bristol, uk. | the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, an extremely common, but non-life-threatening, sexually-transmitted disease throughout the world. recent population genetics studies of t. vaginalis have detected high genetic diversity and revealed a two-type population structure, associated with phenotypic differences in sensitivity to metronidazole, the drug commonly used for treatment, and presence of t. vaginalis virus. there is currently a lack of data o ... | 2015 | 26051885 |
| prevalence of trichomoniasis among women in kermanshah, iran. | trichomoniasis, caused by trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common sexually transmitted disease (std) in the world with estimates of 7-8 million infections annually in the united states and 180 million globally. | 2015 | 26019904 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of mono- and bis-uracil isatin conjugates against the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. | a library of mono- and bis-uracil isatin conjugates were synthesized and subjected for the assessment of their in vitro activity against the protozoal pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. the structure activity studies (sar) revealed that the bis-uracil-isatin based conjugates were more effective than their corresponding mono conjugates in inhibiting the growth of t. vaginalis at approximately 10 μm with no visual effect on mammalian cells at the same concentration. | 2015 | 25999204 |
| sequestration of host-cd59 as potential immune evasion strategy of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is known to evade complement-mediated lysis. because the genome of t. vaginalis does not possess dna sequence with homology to human protectin (cd59), a complement lysis restricting factor, we tested the hypothesis that host cd59 acquisition by t. vaginalis organisms mediates resistance to complement killing. this hypothesis was based on the fact that trichomonads are known to associate with host proteins. no cd59 was detected on the surface of t. vaginalis grown in serum-b ... | 2015 | 25976413 |
| anti-trichomonas vaginalis properties of the oil of amomum tsao-ko and its major component, geraniol. | trichomonosis, caused by the flagellate protozoan trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (std) and 5-nitroimidazole drugs are used for the treatment. however, a growing number of t. vaginalis isolates are resistant to these drugs, which make it becomes an urgent issue. | 2016 | 25963227 |
| iron from haemoglobin and haemin modulates nucleotide hydrolysis in trichomonas vaginalis. | extracellular atp may act as a danger signalling molecule, inducing inflammation and immune responses in infection sites. the ectonucleotidases ntpdase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase are enzymes that modulate extracellular nucleotide levels; these enzymes have been previously characterised in trichomonas vaginalis. iron plays an important role in the complex trichomonal pathogenesis. herein, the effects of iron on growth, nucleotide hydrolysis and ntpdase gene expression in t. vaginalis isolates from ... | 2015 | 25946243 |
| antenatal lower genital tract infection screening and treatment programs for preventing preterm delivery. | genital tract infection is associated with preterm birth (before 37 weeks' gestation). screening for infections during pregnancy may therefore reduce the numbers of babies being born prematurely. however, screening for infections may have some adverse effects, such as increased antibiotic drug resistance and increased cost of treatment. | 2015 | 25922860 |
| the pathogenesis of human cervical epithelium cells induced by interacting with trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that occurs in the urogenital-vaginal tract and is the primary causative agent of trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted disease in humans. the aggregation of this protozoan tends to destroy epithelial cells and induce pathogenesis. | 2015 | 25901354 |
| papanicolaou smear findings in solid-organ transplant recipients compared with normal subjects according to the bethesda 2001 system. | solid-organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing cancer including cervical cancer compared with woman in the general population, mostly due to long-term immunosuppressive therapy. the papanicolaou smear remains the primary method of screening cervical pathology including preinvasive and invasive lesions. the objective of this study was to evaluate pap smear findings in solid-organ transplant recipients, determine the prevalence of abnormal smears, and compare these patients ... | 2015 | 25894158 |
| p transposable elements in drosophila and other eukaryotic organisms. | p transposable elements were discovered in drosophila as the causative agents of a syndrome of genetic traits called hybrid dysgenesis. hybrid dysgenesis exhibits a unique pattern of maternal inheritance linked to the germline-specific small rna piwi-interacting (pirna) pathway. the use of p transposable elements as vectors for gene transfer and as genetic tools revolutionized the field of drosophila molecular genetics. p element transposons have served as a useful model to investigate mechanism ... | 2015 | 25893144 |
| kinetics of circulating antibody response to trichomonas vaginalis: clinical and diagnostic implications. | persistence of antibodies against pathogens after antimicrobial treatment is a marker of therapy failure or evolution to a chronic infection. the kinetics of antibody production decrease following antigen elimination is highly variable, and predicting the duration of soluble immunity in infectious diseases is often impossible. this hampers the development and use of immunoassays for diagnostic and seroepidemiological purposes. in the case of trichomonas vaginalis infection, the kinetics of antib ... | 2015 | 25887282 |
| management of recalcitrant trichomonas vaginalis in pregnancy: a case report. | a case report of a pregnant woman with recalcitrant trichomonas vaginalis is described. this case was managed with suppressive treatment with metronidazole during pregnancy and cleared with paromomycin vaginal treatment after delivery. | 2016 | 25829518 |
| natural and synthetic compound anti-trichomonas vaginalis: an update review. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoan that causes trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease of worldwide importance. however, the infection has long received much less attention than other parasitic and sexually transmitted diseases. this negligence leads to poor diagnosis and underestimated prevalence values, and consequently, it has been associated to increasing acquisition and transmission of hiv, pregnancy outcomes, infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, and cervical and pro ... | 2015 | 25786392 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection among egyptian women using culture and latex agglutination: cross-sectional study. | this is a cross-sectional study carried out in the obstetrics and gynecology department at kasr al- ainy cairo university hospitals. | 2015 | 25783642 |
| trichomonas vaginalis associated with chronic penile ulcers and multiple urethral fistulas. | the case of a 29-year-old, hiv-infected man presenting with trichomonas vaginalis (tv)-associated chronic penile ulcers and multiple urethral fistulas is described. to our knowledge, this is the first description of chronic tv infection being implicated as the probable cause of a destructive lesion leading to sinus drainage and fistula formation. | 2015 | 25778505 |
| synthesis and in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of substituted nitroquinoxalin-2-ones and 2,3-diones as novel trichomonacidal agents. | two series of ten novel 7-nitroquinoxalin-2-ones and ten 6-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-diones with diverse substituents at positions 1 and 4 were synthesized and evaluated against the sexually transmitted parasite trichomonas vaginalis. furthermore, diverse molecular and drug-likeness properties were analyzed to predict the oral bioavailability following the lipinski's "rule of five". 7-nitroquinoxalin-2-one derivatives displayed moderate to high in vitro activity while the efficiency of most nitroquin ... | 2015 | 25771033 |
| trichomoniasis: a brief review of diagnostic methods and our experience with real-time pcr for detecting infection. | trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection, and it is caused by the protozoan flagellate trichomonas vaginalis. although highly prevalent in sexually active women, it has long been overlooked in other groups of potentially infected people. recently, studies have shown that trichomoniasis increases the risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and can cause adverse outcomes of pregnancy, which has increased interest in t. vaginalis and increased the need ... | 2015 | 25770306 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infection among iranian general population of women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis) is one of the main causes of vaginitis, prostatitis, and cervicitis all over the world. little information is available regarding the burden of t. vaginalis infection in iranian women. this systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to determine the prevalence of t. vaginalis among general population of iranian women. data were systematically collected from 1992 to 2012 in iran on such electronic databases as pubmed, google scholar, science direct, ... | 2015 | 25732256 |
| the c-terminal tail of tetraspanin proteins regulates their intracellular distribution in the parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | the parasite trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection. here, we report the cellular analysis of t.vaginalis tetraspanin family (tvtsps). this family of membrane proteins has been implicated in cell adhesion, migration and proliferation in vertebrates. we found that the expression of several members of the family is up-regulated upon contact with vaginal ectocervical cells. we demonstrate that most tvtsps are localized on the surfa ... | 2015 | 25703821 |
| pentamycin shows high efficacy against trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of the venereal disease trichomoniasis, which is the most frequent non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. since the 1960s, metronidazole has been the standard treatment, however an increasing number of cases with metronidazole-resistant strains is being reported. in this study, pentamycin, a polyene antibiotic, was tested for its in vitro efficacy against t. vaginalis using four strains with different metronidazole susceptibilities. it was ... | 2015 | 25703311 |
| genetic identification of trichomonas vaginalis by using the actin gene and molecular based methods. | trichomonas vaginalis is the agent of urogenital tract infection that causes human trichomoniasis with some serious health complications. more understanding about genetic features of the parasite can be helpful in the study of the pathogenesis, drug susceptibility and epidemiology of the infection. for this end, we conducted analysis of the actin gene of t. vaginalis by applying the pcr-sscp (pcr-single stranded conformational polymorphism) and nucleotide sequencing method. | 2014 | 25678916 |
| the biology of trichomonas vaginalis in the light of urogenital tract infection. | the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protist. it is a representative of the eukaryotic supergroup excavata that includes a few other protist parasites such as leishmania, trypanosoma and giardia. t. vaginalis is the agent of trichomoniasis and in the us alone, one in 30 women tests positive for this parasite. the disease is easily treated with metronidazole in most cases, but resistant strains are on the rise. the biology of trichomonas is remarkable: it includes for example t ... | 2014 | 25677793 |
| comparison of four diagnostic techniques for detection of trichomonas vaginalis infection in females attending tertiary care hospital of north india. | trichomonas vaginalis causes a common sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis, which may lead to increased risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection and other pelvic inflammatory diseases. wet mount examination is the most common test for diagnosis, but it has low sensitivity. acridine orange staining can be used for diagnosis, but it requires special microscopic facility. culture is considered as the gold standard, but it takes a long time for diagnosis. osom trichomona ... | 2015 | 25673589 |
| evaluation of different staining techniques in the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in females of reproductive age group. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan which causes most common non viral sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis. direct microscopic examination of vaginal fluid remains the most widely used diagnostic test. although, wet mount examination is the most cost-effective diagnostic test, but it has low sensitivity resulting in under diagnosis of the disease. therefore, to overcome this problem, various staining techniques like giemsa and acridine orange can be used along with wet mount e ... | 2014 | 25653944 |
| direct diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection on archived pap smears using nested pcr. | little information is available concerning pcr-based direct detection of trichomonas infections on archived pap (papanicolaou)-stained smears. this study investigates dna extraction and amplification from archived pap smears. trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan that infects the urogenital tract of women. | 2015 | 25633887 |
| protocols for the routine screening of drug sensitivity in the human parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite of humans. treatment of trichomoniasis is almost completely dependent on the old drug metronidazole and is hampered by resistance. new drug development, like routine screening for drug resistance, has however been hampered by the lack of reliable screening protocols with sufficient throughput. here we report on two separate in vitro protocols that use fluorescent dyes and allow for standardized drug sensitivity testing on the req ... | 2015 | 25618339 |
| dithiocarbamate-thiourea hybrids useful as vaginal microbicides also show reverse transcriptase inhibition: design, synthesis, docking and pharmacokinetic studies. | prophylactic prevention is considered as the most promising strategy to tackle sti/hiv. twenty-five dithiocarbamate-thiourea hybrids (14-38) were synthesized as woman controlled topical vaginal microbicides to counter trichomonas vaginalis and sperm along with rt inhibition potential. the four promising compounds (18, 26, 28 and 33) were tested for safety through cytotoxic assay against human cervical cell line (hela) and compatibility with vaginal flora, lactobacillus. docking study of most pro ... | 2015 | 25592712 |
| the antimicrobial effect of boric acid on trichomonas vaginalis. | the treatment options for trichomoniasis are largely limited to nitroimidazole compounds (metronidazole and tinidazole). few alternatives exist in cases of recalcitrant infections or in cases of nitroimidazole hypersensitivity. recently, the intravaginal administration of boric acid has been advocated as an alternative treatment of trichomoniasis. however, no in vitro studies are available that directly assess the sensitivity of trichomonas vaginalis to boric acid. | 2014 | 25581807 |
| the secretory products of trichomonas vaginalis decrease fertilizing capacity of mice sperm in vitro. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in humans and is now recognized as an important cause of infertility in men. there is little information about the effect of extracellular polymeric substances (eps) from t. vaginalis on sperm, but previous reports do not provide a conclusive description of the functional integrity of the sperm. to investigate the impact of eps on the fertilizing capacity of sperm, we assessed sperm motility, acrosomal s ... | 2016 | 25578937 |
| epidemiology and laboratory characteristics of trichomonas vaginalis infection in croatian men with and without urethritis syndrome: a case-control study. | the main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis in men with and without symptoms of urethritis, with concomitant analysis of sociodemographic and behavioural specificities of both groups. also, the objective is to evaluate laboratory methods used in the diagnostics of this parasitic disease. | 2015 | 25568091 |
| emphysematous vaginitis. | emphysematous vaginitis is a rare condition, characterized by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the vaginal and/or exocervical mucosa. although its etiology is not completely understood, it is self-limited, with a benign clinical course. vaginal discharge, sometimes bloody, and pruritus are the most common symptoms. chronic and acute inflammation can be found, and diseases that impair the immune system and pregnancy have been associated with this condition. | 2015 | 25551590 |
| trichomonas vaginalis metalloproteinase induces mtor cleavage of siha cells. | trichomonas vaginalis secretes a number of proteases which are suspected to be the cause of pathogenesis; however, little is understood how they manipulate host cells. the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, and transcription. we detected various types of metalloproteinases including gp63 protein from t. vaginalis trophozoites, and t. vaginalis gp63 metalloproteinase was confirmed by sequencing and weste ... | 2014 | 25548410 |
| the recombinant prepro region of tvcp4 is an inhibitor of cathepsin l-like cysteine proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis that inhibits trichomonal haemolysis. | trichomonas vaginalis expresses multiple proteinases, mainly of the cysteine type (cps). a cathepsin l-like 34kda cp, designated tvcp4, is synthesized as a 305-amino-acid precursor protein. tvcp4 contains the prepro fragment and the catalytic triad that is typical of the papain-like cp family of clan ca. the aim of this work was to determine the function of the recombinant tvcp4 prepro region (pptvcp4r) as a specific inhibitor of cps. we cloned, expressed, and purified the recombinant tvcp4 prep ... | 2015 | 25499446 |
| trichomonas vaginalis among women raped in antananarivo, 2005-2011. | rape is a forensic emergency due to the possibility of sexually transmitted infections, including hiv/aids. moreover, an upsurge is currently underway. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis in women undergoing tests at the microbiology unit of the joseph ravoahangy andrianavalona antananarivo hospital after being raped. this retrospective descriptive study covers the 7-year period from 2005 to 2011 and reports the results of direct examination of the ... | 2014 | 25499225 |
| trichomonas vaginalis origins, molecular pathobiology and clinical considerations. | to integrate a selection of the most recent data on trichomonas vaginalis origins, molecular cell biology and t. vaginalis interactions with the urogenital tract microbiota with trichomoniasis symptoms and clinical management. | 2015 | 25485651 |
| evidence for repeated gene duplications in tritrichomonas foetus supported by est analysis and comparison with the trichomonas vaginalis genome. | tritrichomonas foetus causes a venereal infection in cattle; the disease has mild or no clinical manifestation in bulls, while cows may present vaginitis, placentitis, pyometra and abortion in the more severe cases. t. foetus has one of the largest known genomes among trichomonads. however molecular data are fragmentary and have minimally contributed to the understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of this protozoan. in a search of new t. foetus genes, a detailed exploration was performed us ... | 2014 | 25458117 |
| design and synthesis of substituted morpholin/piperidin-1-yl-carbamodithioates as promising vaginal microbicides with spermicidal potential. | a series of seventeen morpholin/piperidin-1-yl-carbamodithioate (3-19) were synthesized as topical vaginal microbicidal spermicides. the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-trichomonas activity against mtz susceptible and resistant strains along with their spermicidal and antifungal potential. all the synthesized compounds were assessed for their safety through cytotoxic assay against human cervical cell line (hela) and compatibility with vaginal flora, lactobacillus. the study i ... | 2014 | 25453819 |
| gene-expression analysis of cold-stress response in the sexually transmitted protist trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in the world. this infection affects millions of individuals worldwide annually. although direct sexual contact is the most common mode of transmission, increasing evidence indicates that t. vaginalis can survive in the external environment and can be transmitted by contaminated utensils. we found that the growth of t. vaginalis under cold conditions is greatly inhibited, but rec ... | 2015 | 25440978 |
| prevalence and risk factors for cervical neoplasia: a cervical cancer screening program in beijing. | cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and cause of cancer-related death for women worldwide. the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of cervical neoplasia and examine factors associated with high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsil) among women taking part in a cervical cancer screening program in beijing. | 2014 | 25410572 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: clinical relevance, pathogenicity and diagnosis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the etiological agent of trichomoniasis, the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. trichomoniasis is a widespread, global health concern and occurring at an increasing rate. infections of the female genital tract can cause a range of symptoms, including vaginitis and cervicitis, while infections in males are generally asymptomatic. the relatively mild symptoms, and lack of evidence for any serious sequelae, have historically led to this disease ... | 2016 | 25383648 |
| biological roles of cysteine proteinases in the pathogenesis of trichomonas vaginalis. | human trichomonosis, infection with trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease in the world. the host-parasite interaction and pathophysiological processes of trichomonosis remain incompletely understood. this review focuses on the advancements reached in the area of the pathogenesis of t. vaginalis, especially in the role of the cysteine proteinases. it highlights various approaches made in this field and lists a group of trichomonad cysteine proteinases in ... | 2014 | 25348828 |
| drug-free chitosan coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles are active against trichomonas vaginalis and non-toxic towards pig vaginal mucosa. | the present work reports a non-conventional therapeutic strategy based on the use of vaginally-applied formulations for the treatment of trichomoniasis due to trichomonas vaginalis without adding a drug. | 2015 | 25319099 |
| trichomonas vaginalis induces cytopathic effect on human lung alveolar basal carcinoma epithelial cell line a549. | trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of trichomoniasis is generally known to inhabit the genitourinary tract. however, several case reports with supporting molecular and immunological identifications have documented its occurrence in the respiratory tract of neonates and adults. in addition, the reports have documented that its occurrence is associated with respiratory failures. the medical significance or consequence of this association is unclear. thus, to establish the possible outcome ... | 2014 | 25307688 |
| putrescine-dependent re-localization of tvcp39, a cysteine proteinase involved in trichomonas vaginalis cytotoxicity. | polyamines are involved in the regulation of some trichomonas vaginalis virulence factors such as the transcript, proteolytic activity, and cytotoxicity of tvcp65, a cysteine proteinase (cp) involved in the trichomonal cytotoxicity. in this work, we reported the putrescine effect on tvcp39, other cp that also participate in the trichomonal cytotoxicity. parasites treated with 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (dab) (an inhibitor of putrescine biosynthesis), diminished the amount and proteolytic activity of ... | 2014 | 25251406 |
| trichocystatin-2 (tc-2): an endogenous inhibitor of cysteine proteinases in trichomonas vaginalis is associated with tvcp39. | the causal agent of trichomoniasis is a parasitic protist, trichomonas vaginalis, which is rich in proteolytic activity, primarily carried out by cysteine proteases (cps). some cps are known virulence factors. t. vaginalis also possesses three genes encoding endogenous cystatin-like cp inhibitors. the aim of this study was to identify and characterize one of these cp inhibitors. using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and mass spectrometry (ms), a cystatin-like peptidase inhibitor dubbe ... | 2014 | 25200185 |
| comparative protein structure modeling using modeller. | functional characterization of a protein sequence is one of the most frequent problems in biology. this task is usually facilitated by accurate three-dimensional (3-d) structure of the studied protein. in the absence of an experimentally determined structure, comparative or homology modeling can sometimes provide a useful 3-d model for a protein that is related to at least one known protein structure. comparative modeling predicts the 3-d structure of a given protein sequence (target) based prim ... | 2014 | 25199792 |
| signal transduction triggered by iron to induce the nuclear importation of a myb3 transcription factor in the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. | iron was previously shown to induce rapid nuclear translocation of a myb3 transcription factor in the protozoan parasite, trichomonas vaginalis. in the present study, iron was found to induce a transient increase in cellular camp, followed by the nuclear influx of myb3, whereas the latter was also induced by 8-bromo-cyclic amp. iron-inducible camp production and nuclear influx of myb3 were inhibited by suramin and sq22536, respective inhibitors of the gα subunit of heterotrimeric g proteins and ... | 2014 | 25183012 |
| successful treatment of refractory trichomonas vaginalis infection using intravenous metronidazole. | trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan infection resulting in a vulvo-vaginitis and altered vaginal discharge in symptomatic women. since its introduction in the 1960 s, metronidazole has been the first-line drug for trichomonal infection. other nitroimidazoles, such as tinidazole, are used as alternative regimens with similar activity but at a greater expense. treatment failure usually represents patient non-compliance or reinfection, although metronidazole resistance has pre ... | 2015 | 25161176 |
| phylogenomic study indicates widespread lateral gene transfer in entamoeba and suggests a past intimate relationship with parabasalids. | lateral gene transfer (lgt) has impacted the evolutionary history of eukaryotes, though to a lesser extent than in bacteria and archaea. detecting lgt and distinguishing it from single gene tree artifacts is difficult, particularly when considering very ancient events (i.e., over hundreds of millions of years). here, we use two independent lines of evidence--a taxon-rich phylogenetic approach and an assessment of the patterns of gene presence/absence--to evaluate the extent of lgt in the parasit ... | 2014 | 25146649 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infections are rare among young patients attending an sti clinic in sweden. | | 2015 | 25137630 |
| a sequential procedure for rapid and accurate identification of putative trichomonacidal agents. | in the current report, a sequential step-wise methodology based on in silico, in vitro and in vivo experimental procedures for the prompt detection of potential trichomonacidal drugs is proposed. a combinatorial of 12 qsar (quantitative structure-activity relationship) models based on linear discrimination analysis (lda) are suggested for the rational identification of new trichomonacidal drugs from virtual screening of in house chemical libraries and drug databases. subsequently, compounds sele ... | 2014 | 25107376 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: unusual presentation with ulcerative lesions. | | 2014 | 25070617 |
| chemical composition of essential oil and anti trichomonas activity of leaf, stem, and flower of rheum ribes l. extracts. | trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans and is caused by the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. nowadays, increasing resistance to drugs such as metronidazole resulted in many problem, so new effective remedies are needed. in this study, we evaluate constituents of essential oil and anti-trichomonas activity of rheum ribes. | 2014 | 25050317 |
| whole slide imaging of pap cell block preparations versus liquid-based thin-layer cervical cytology: a comparative study evaluating the detection of organisms and nonneoplastic findings. | cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet it is preventable by population screening. in a previous study, we confirmed the feasibility of utilizing whole slide imaging (wsi) of cell block (cb) preparations to overcome the limitations of digitizing cytologic samples. in this study, we evaluated the accuracy of wsi in identifying various organisms and nonneoplastic findings. | 2014 | 25033897 |
| design and synthesis of γ-butyrolactone derivatives as potential spermicidal agents. | a series of γ-butyrolactone derivatives has been designed and synthesized from commercially available 2-acetyl butyrolactone (3-acetyldihydrofuran-2(3h)-one, 1) by aminoalkylating its active methylene followed by condensation with different aldehydes. compounds having amino group were further converted to their respective tartrate salts and were evaluated for spermicidal activity against human sperm in vitro. compounds showing appreciable spermicidal activity at ⩽0.5% [3c, 4d (0.5%); 2c, 3d (0.1 ... | 2014 | 25027939 |
| modulation of dendritic cell function by trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products. | trichomoniasis caused by the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world. dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells that initiate immune responses by directing the activation and differentiation of naïve t cells. in this study, we analyzed the effect of trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products on the differentiation and function of dendritic cells. differentiation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the presence of t. va ... | 2015 | 24965578 |
| added benefit of nucleic acid amplification testing for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis among men and women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection (sti) in the world. however, tv is not a reportable sti and, with the exception of hiv-positive women, there are no guidelines for screening in women or men. the objective of this study was to determine the added value of nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) for detection of tv in men and women at high risk for infection as well as correlates of infection. | 2014 | 24928292 |
| editorial commentary: trichomonas vaginalis testing and screening in a high-risk population: is this a glimpse into the future? | | 2014 | 24928287 |
| a recently transferred cluster of bacterial genes in trichomonas vaginalis--lateral gene transfer and the fate of acquired genes. | lateral gene transfer (lgt) has recently gained recognition as an important contributor to some eukaryote proteomes, but the mechanisms of acquisition and fixation in eukaryotic genomes are still uncertain. a previously defined norm for lgts in microbial eukaryotes states that the majority are genes involved in metabolism, the lgts are typically localized one by one, surrounded by vertically inherited genes on the chromosome, and phylogenetics shows that a broad collection of bacterial lineages ... | 2014 | 24898731 |
| anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity from triterpenoid derivatives. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated parasite that causes trichomonosis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (std) in the world. worryingly, trichomonosis is associated to increased transmission of hiv. due to high frequency of the infection during pregnancy and the development of metronidazole-resistant isolates, therapeutic alternatives to 5-nitroimidazole are being searched. triterpenes are natural products presenting several biological activities such as anti-protozoal a ... | 2014 | 24880238 |
| microscopy outperformed in a comparison of five methods for detecting trichomonas vaginalis in symptomatic women. | in the uk, despite its low sensitivity, wet mount microscopy is often the only method of detecting trichomonas vaginalis infection. a study was conducted in symptomatic women to compare the performance of five methods for detecting t. vaginalis: an in-house polymerase chain reaction (pcr); aptima t. vaginalis kit; osom ®trichomonas rapid test; culture and microscopy. symptomatic women underwent routine testing; microscopy and further swabs were taken for molecular testing, osom and culture. a tr ... | 2015 | 24855131 |
| trichomonas vaginalis homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces prostate cell growth, invasiveness, and inflammatory responses. | the human-infective parasite trichomonas vaginalis causes the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. infections in men may result in colonization of the prostate and are correlated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. we have found that t. vaginalis secretes a protein, t. vaginalis macrophage migration inhibitory factor (tvmif), that is 47% similar to human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (humif), a proinflammatory cytokine. because humif is report ... | 2014 | 24843155 |
| the tc1/mariner transposable element family shapes genetic variation and gene expression in the protist trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted parasite. although the protist is presumed to reproduce asexually, 60% of its haploid genome contains transposable elements (tes), known contributors to genome variability. the availability of a draft genome sequence and our collection of >200 global isolates of t. vaginalis facilitate the study and analysis of te population dynamics and their contribution to genomic variability in this protist. | 2014 | 24834134 |
| prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in grenadian women of reproductive age. | to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (bv) among grenadian women of reproductive age using the routinely collected pap smear data for the period january 2009 to december 2011. | 2013 | 24831896 |
| regulation of nuclear translocation of the myb1 transcription factor by tvcyclophilin 1 in the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | in trichomonas vaginalis, a myb1 protein was previously demonstrated to repress transcription of an iron-inducible ap65-1 gene. in this study, a human cyclophilin a homologue, tvcyclophilin 1 (tvcyp1), was identified as a myb1-binding protein using a bacterial two-hybrid library screening system. the recombinant tvcyp1 exhibited typical peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity with kcat/km of ∼7.1 μm(-1) s(-1). in a pulldown assay, the his-tagged myb1 interacted with a gst-tvcyp1 fusion protein, which ... | 2014 | 24831011 |
| response letter to v tittle et al. – is test of cure necessary in all cases of trichomonas vaginalis? | | 2014 | 24829048 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of annual trichomonas vaginalis screening and treatment in hiv-positive women to prevent hiv transmission. | because of a high incidence of trichomonas infection among hiv-positive women, annual screening and treatment are recommended. trichomonas infection is associated with a 2-fold risk of hiv transmission. the objective of this study was to determine if annual screening is cost-effective for the prevention of new hiv cases in susceptible male partners secondary to trichomonas infection in hiv-positive women. | 2014 | 24827616 |
| trichomonas vaginalis as a cause of perinatal morbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most common curable sexually transmissible infection worldwide, with high rates in women of reproductive age. there have been inconsistent findings about the impact of infection and its treatment in pregnancy. we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the association between t. vaginalis and perinatal outcomes. electronic databases were searched to may 2013. included studies reported perinatal outcomes in women infected and uninfected with t. vaginalis. meta-analysis ... | 2014 | 24825333 |