| [clinical and bacteriologic studies of the frequency of mastitis during and after parturition in heifers lactating for the first time]. | the udders of 100 heifers were examined for clinical changes during parturition. of each quarter colostral samples were taken and analyzed bacteriologically. 35 heifers (13.5% of the quarters) showed clinical changes of the quarters and/or of colostral samples. 14 of these animals (4.75% of the quarters) suffered from cellulitis-like mastitis. 13 (5.25% of the quarters) had acute catarrhalic mastitis and eight heifers (3.5% of the quarters) showed acute galactophoritis. in all milk samples of an ... | 1988 | 3055422 |
| the lactose carrier of klebsiella pneumoniae m5a1; the physiology of transport and the nucleotide sequence of the lacy gene. | a comparison has been made between the physiology and amino acid sequence of the lactose carriers of klebsiella pneumoniae m5a1 and escherichia coli k-12. the membrane transport of lactose was much weaker in klebsiella than in e. coli. on the other hand o-nitrophenylgalactoside uptake by klebsiella was distinctly greater than with e. coli. in spite of the differences in sugar transport between the two organisms, the amino acid sequences of the respective lactose carriers were remarkably similar ... | 1988 | 3056524 |
| [sinus histiocytosis and massive lymphadenopathy]. | | 1988 | 3056696 |
| epidemiology and genetics of ankylosing spondylitis. | the spondyloarthropathies represent a group of disorders characterized by the presence of inflammatory peripheral and axial arthritis with sacroiliac involvement and a tendency to familial aggregation; prototype clinical syndromes are ankylosing spondylitis (as) and reiter's syndrome. the descriptive epidemiology of as, including course and prognosis in patients cohorts, is reviewed. particular attention is focused on the genetic epidemiology of as, especially the evidence supporting causal asso ... | 1988 | 3057207 |
| evolution of aminobenzoate synthases: nucleotide sequences of salmonella typhimurium and klebsiella aerogenes pabb. | p-aminobenzoate synthase (ps) and anthranilate synthase (as) are structurally related enzymes that catalyze similar reactions and produce similar products, para- and ortho-aminobenzoate (anthranilate). each enzyme is composed of two non-identical subunits: a glutamine amidotransferase subunit (coii) and a subunit that produces an aminobenzoate product (coi). nucleotide sequence comparisons of the escherichia coli genes encoding each of the subunits suggest a common evolutionary origin for both s ... | 1988 | 3057324 |
| dna supercoiling and aerobic regulation of transcription from the klebsiella pneumoniae nifla promoter. | expression from the k. pneumoniae nifla promoter is oxygen sensitive and is also inhibited by the dna gyrase inhibitor coumermycin a1 under anaerobic growth conditions. the activity of this promoter was found to be highly sensitive to changes in dna topology in vitro. transcription was completely dependent on negative supercoiling at physiological salt concentrations although transcription from linear or fully relaxed closed circular templates was detectable at kcl concentrations lower than 50 m ... | 1988 | 3057450 |
| variable in vitro activity of cefaclor, cephalothin and cefadroxil against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis. | the in vitro activity of cefaclor, cephalothin and cefadroxil to 50 escherichia coli, 23 klebsiella pneumoniae and 20 proteus mirabilis strains was tested with the disc diffusion and microdilution plate techniques. cefaclor was more active than cefadroxil, while cephalothin was intermediate. the differences seriously affected the classification into the routine sir system. for susceptibility testing we question the use of cephalothin as a class representative of oral cephalosporins. | 1988 | 3057617 |
| [microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection and their beta-lactamase production and evaluation of clinical efficacy of sulperazone]. | clinical survey of microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection (uti) was carried out at the four major hospitals in mie prefecture from may to july, 1987, and production of beta-lactamase of the microorganisms was determined by the acidimetric method, "beta-checker". among the total of 460 strains isolated from urine samples, 135 of gram positive cocci and 325 of gram negative rods were contained. sixty percent of the gram negative rods and 14% of gram positive cocci produced beta-lacta ... | 1988 | 3057834 |
| a high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide specific bacteriophage for klebsiella pneumoniae. | high-molecular weight lipopolysaccharide (o antigen enriched fraction) from klebsiella pneumoniae was determined to be the receptor for bacteriophage fc3-1. a methodology for the identification of the lipopolysaccharide component involved in fc3-1 bacteriophage reception was used that is suitable for other phages and host bacteria. | 1988 | 3058277 |
| effect of subinhibitory concentration of gentamicin on adherence of klebsiella aerogenes to uroepithelial cells in vitro. | | 1988 | 3058587 |
| [the frequency of isolating urinary infection germs at a community practice and their sensitivity to various antibiotics]. | nine hundred and thirty one urine's specimens of patients affected by urinary infection have been studied by pathology practising in different towns in france. the most frequently germs retrieved are: escherichia coli 76%, proteus mirabilis 12%, klebsiella 5%, staphylococcus epidermidis 2%. were studied gram negative rods sensibility to ampicillin (a), cephalosporin 1st generation (c), nalidixic acid (nal), gentamicin (g), norfloxacin (norf); gram positive cocci resistance to oxacillin (oxa), er ... | 1988 | 3059284 |
| rhinoscleroma. | we have described a case of rhinopharyngeal rhinoscleroma, and reviewed the clinical behavior and management of this disease. selective long-standing antibiotic treatment was successful in halting the process. treatment of the advanced cicatrix with carbon-dioxide laser vaporization yielded excellent results. | 1988 | 3059525 |
| factors affecting the survival and growth of bacteria introduced into lake water. | the populations of pseudomonas sp. b4, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, micrococcus flavus, and rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli declined rapidly in lake water. the initially rapid decline of the two pseudomonads and r. phaseoli was followed by a period of slow loss of viability, but viable cells of the other species were not found after 10 days. the rapid initial phase of decline was not a result of bdellovibrio spp., bacteriophages, or toxins in the water since bdellovibrio spp. ... | 1988 | 3060035 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of a new oral carbacephem, ly163892. | the in-vitro activity of a new oral carbacephem, ly163892, was compared with cefaclor, cephalexin, cephradine, cefadroxil and selected penicillins against 529 bacterial isolates. ly163892 exhibited greater activity in vitro than all four cephalosporins against haemophilus influenzae, beta-lactamase producing branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp. and proteus mirabilis. ly163892 had equivalent potency to cefaclor against non-beta-lactamase producing b. catarrhalis, streptococc ... | 1988 | 3060458 |
| influence of antibiotic therapy on faecal carriage of p-fimbriated escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria in neonates. | the influence of previous antibiotic therapy on the aerobic faecal flora, including p-fimbriated escherichia coli, was studied in 953 neonates at discharge from 22 neonatal wards in sweden. antibiotics, mainly ampicillin (with or without gentamicin) or cefuroxime, had been received by 37% of the infants. treatment with ampicillin (with or without gentamicin) increased klebsiella/enterobacter and reduced esch. coli colonization. cephalosporin therapy (71% cefuroxime) reduced the frequency of colo ... | 1988 | 3060462 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the nifj gene of klebsiella pneumoniae. | | 1988 | 3060860 |
| [clinical picture of acute pneumonia due to klebsiella ozaenae in patients with influenza]. | | 1988 | 3061163 |
| [effect of a hydroxylamine klebsiella vaccine on the rate of elimination of the causative agent and on indices of humoral immunity]. | immunization with hydroxylamine klebsiella vaccine ensures the elimination of k. pneumoniae from the blood, the lungs, the liver, the kidneys and the spleen of mice and induces considerable immunological shifts, manifested by a rise in the level of specific antibodies and by an increase in the preventive potency of the blood serum. | 1988 | 3061265 |
| transferable resistance to ceftazidime in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli. | | 1988 | 3061270 |
| clinical application of the newer beta-lactam antibiotics. | a variety of new beta-lactam antibiotics is in use today. a considerable number of new penicillins have extended spectra which include pseudomonas and klebsiella spp. and other important nosocomial organisms. in addition, clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, has been added to some of these compounds to enhance further their spectrum against staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria. the first-, second- and third-generation cephalosporins are described. second-generation cephalosporins hav ... | 1988 | 3062004 |
| nucleotide sequence of a 24,206-base-pair dna fragment carrying the entire nitrogen fixation gene cluster of klebsiella pneumoniae. | the complete nucleotide sequence (24,206 base-pairs) of the klebsiella pneumoniae gene region for nitrogen fixation (nif) is presented. coding regions corresponding to the 19 known nif genes (including nifw and nifz) could be identified. an additional open reading frame of 216 base-pairs, called nift, was detected between nifk and nify. search for transcriptional signal structures revealed some unusual features: (1) several possible nifa-binding motifs are present in the intergenic regions betwe ... | 1988 | 3062178 |
| experimental chronic pulmonary infection in mice caused by klebsiella pneumoniae. | examination of mouse strain differences in susceptibility to experimental respiratory tract infection with klebsiella pneumoniae 27 revealed that a chronic pulmonary infection model could be established using cba/j mice. after 6 x 10(5) colony-forming units of k. pneumoniae 27 were inoculated into the lung, the bacterial counts in the lungs changed with time showing four different phases: initial decrease, regrowth, steady-state, and final increase leading to death. throughout the course of the ... | 1988 | 3062329 |
| the dna-binding domain of the transcriptional activator protein nifa resides in its carboxy terminus, recognises the upstream activator sequences of nif promoters and can be separated from the positive control function of nifa. | the positive control protein nifa activates transcription of nitrogen fixation promoters in klebsiella pneumoniae. nifa is believed to bind to specific sites, the upstream activator sequences (uas's), of the nif promoters which it activates. we have now shown by mutation of the carboxy terminus of nifa that this is the dna-binding domain and that the dna-binding and positive activator functions of nifa can be separated. mutational analysis of the nifh uas and in vivo methylation protection analy ... | 1988 | 3062575 |
| [polymicrobial endocarditis in heroin addicts: a new case with mural involvement]. | | 1988 | 3063898 |
| a murine monoclonal antibody against klebsiella capsular polysaccharide is opsonic in vitro and protects against experimental klebsiella pneumoniae infection. | murine monoclonal antibodies (mab) of the immunoglobulin m class specific for the k2 capsular polysaccharide (cps) of klebsiella were isolated. one such mab, termed iii/5-1, was selected for further study. this mab promoted the uptake and killing of klebsiella pneumoniae k2 strains by human granulocytes and activated complement after contact with the bacteria. the efficiency of mab-mediated phagocytosis and complement activation was inversely related to the amount of capsular material produced b ... | 1988 | 3063912 |
| an examination of the anti-adherence activity of cranberry juice on urinary and nonurinary bacterial isolates. | in a previous investigation it was demonstrated that cranberry juice cocktail was able to inhibit adherence in 77 clinical isolates of escherichia coli obtained from patients with diagnosed urinary tract infections. this work has been extended to include clinical isolates of e. coli, proteus, klebsiella, enterobacter and pseudomonas isolated from urine, sputum, wound and stool. bacterial strains isolated from urine adhere in greater numbers to urinary tract epithelial cells than organisms isolat ... | 1988 | 3063927 |
| clinical experience with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infections: a review. | during the clinical development of ciprofloxacin 1,519 treatments of uti were documented. the most frequent specific diagnoses were uncomplicated uti (46.6%), followed by non-specified uti (21.7%), complicated uti (19.4%), acute pyelonephritis (7.6%) and chronic pyelonephritis (4.1%). 70% of the causative organisms isolated were enterobacteriaceae (escherichia coli 38%, proteus spp. 10% and klebsiella pneumoniae 10%). pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred in approximately 20% of the cases and the rema ... | 1988 | 3065243 |
| analysis of sucrose catabolism in klebsiella pneumoniae and in scr+ derivatives of escherichia coli k12. | in contrast to a previous report, strains of klebsiella pneumoniae were found to take up and phosphorylate the disaccharide sucrose via the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (pts). in addition to the two soluble and general components enzymei and hpr of the pts, a sucrose-specific enzymeiiscr (gene scra), together with the enzymeiii, coded for by the gene crr, were needed for the vectorial phosphorylation of sucrose to generate intracellular sucrose 6-phosphate ... | 1988 | 3065452 |
| clinical and bacteriological effects of therapy of urinary tract infection in primary health care: relation to in vitro sensitivity testing. | 17 primary health care (phc) centres participated in a 1-month evaluation of a county urinary tract infection (uti) management program. a total of 302 patients contributing 355 episodes, dominated by female (93%), lower symptomatic (75%) and escherichia coli (74%) episodes were studied. in therapeutic failure gram-negative bacteria other than e. coli showed an increased prevalence whereas staphylococcus saprophyticus was not found. the general pattern of drug resistance was little influenced by ... | 1988 | 3065927 |
| susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin of gram-negative bacilli isolated from hospitalized patients: a swedish multicenter study. | a total of 952 blood and 1543 urine isolates of gram-negative bacilli from hospitalized patients in 1986-1987 were consecutively collected by 10 swedish laboratories and tested for susceptibility to 8 beta-lactam antibiotics and to gentamicin. the isolates were mostly escherichia coli (58% and 44%, respectively) and klebsiella sp. (17% and 18%). resistance to ampicillin in blood and urine isolates was found in 35% and 45%, respectively, to piperacillin in 5% and 6%, to cephalothin in 26% and 34% ... | 1988 | 3065931 |
| [the problems of mastitis in mares]. | based on a group of 33 mares infected with mastitis, data regarding the time of appearance, the clinical symptoms and the bacteriological causes of the disease were evaluated. the cases were distributed as follows: 27.3% before delivery, 24.2% immediately after delivery (until the third day), 12.1% during the middle and late stages of lactation, 9.1% immediately after the weaning of the foal and 27.3% outside the lactation period of non-pregnant mares. the clinical picture is described. in the m ... | 1988 | 3065979 |
| [isolation and characterization of gentamicin resistance plasmids of coliform bacteria from the waste water of a water treatment plant]. | gentamicin resistance coliforms detected continuously in raw and purified waste water samples of a sewage treatment plant made up less than 0.1% of all coliforms. 43.9%; 31.4%; 13.3% and 11.3% of gentamicin-resistant coliforms were identified as enterobacter, e. coli, klebsiella and citrobacter, respectively. r plasmids encoding a gentamicin resistance phenotype were isolated and characterized. they range between 55 and 60 md in size and belong to 3 incompatibility groups (incof, incm, inck). us ... | 1988 | 3066059 |
| mycotic cervical carotid artery aneurysms: a case report and review of the literature. | mycotic cervical carotid artery aneurysms are rare. we report one case successfully treated by resection and reconstruction with a saphenous vein interposition graft. a review of the english world literature revealed 22 additional cases. principles of management include appropriate and timely antibiotic use, resection of the aneurysm, debridement of all infected tissue, and restoration of arterial continuity with autogenous tissue through uninvolved tissue planes. | 1988 | 3066390 |
| [surgical treatment of multiple abscesses of the liver]. | | 1988 | 3066974 |
| [use of cefoperazone sodium in the treatment of infected bronchiectasis in the aged]. | | 1988 | 3068092 |
| rapid isolation of k88+ escherichia coli by using immunomagnetic particles. | superparamagnetic polymer particles precoated with sheep anti-mouse immunoglobulin g were coated with immunoglobulin g2 monoclonal antibodies to the k88 antigen of escherichia coli (mab-k88). these immunomagnetic particles (imp) were used for isolation and identification of k88 antigen-positive (k88+) e. coli. the bacteria presenting the k88 antigen were easily isolated in almost pure culture from a mixed culture of five different o serogroups of e. coli. nonspecific binding of k88 antigen-negat ... | 1988 | 3068250 |
| bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia. | | 1988 | 3069720 |
| rapid detection of positive blood cultures with the bactec nr-660 does not require first-day subculturing. | an analysis of blood culture data was performed to determine whether subculturing within the first 24 h of incubation decreased the time to detection of positive blood cultures when compared with the routine use of the bactec nr-660 system (johnston laboratories, inc., towson, md.). during a 9-month period (june 1985 to february 1986), 17,913 blood cultures were received in our laboratory, of which 1,463 (8.2%) became positive. of the positive cultures, 97% were detected with equal or greater ra ... | 1988 | 3069859 |
| surface exposure of the o-antigen in klebsiella pneumoniae o1:k1 serotype strains. | isogenic non-encapsulated (k-) mutants (o1:k-) were obtained from several different klebsiella pneumoniae o1:k1 serotype strains. by employing k. pneumoniae bacteriophages fc3-1, fc3-2, and bacteriophage phi 1, the bacterial surface receptors of which, are the o1-antigen of lipopolysaccharide and the k1 capsular polysaccharide (k1) respectively, the k1 polysaccharide was found to completely cover the o1 lipopolysaccharide molecules in each of the o1:k1 strains examined. exposure of the o-antigen ... | 1988 | 3070259 |
| infected echinococcal cyst. a common cause of pyogenic hepatic abscess. | twenty-one cases of hepatic abscesses treated during a period of four years (from 1981 to 1985) at the university of patras, greece, are presented. this material includes 10 cases with abscesses caused by suppurated echinococcal cysts, corresponding to 21% of the total number of 47 cases of echinococcal cysts of the liver treated at our department during the same period. a preoperative diagnosis of the suppurated echinococcal cysts by conventional laboratory methods was not reliable. because of ... | 1988 | 3070890 |
| comparison of multidimensional scaling and principal component analysis of interspecific variation in bacteria. | multidimensional scaling (mds) and principal component analysis (pca) were applied to bacterial taxonomy. the biochemical profiles of 42 isolates consisting of four species of enterobacteriaceae were used. both mds and pca use proximity measures such as the correlation coefficient or euclidean distance to generate a spatial configuration (map) of points in multidimensional space where distances between points reflect the similarity among isolates. multidimensional scaling and principal component ... | 1988 | 3071241 |
| enterotoxigenicity, klebocinogeny and antibiotic resistance pattern of food isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. | the enterotoxigenicity, klebocinogeny and susceptibility to antibiotics for 100 strains of klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from various food samples is reported. 49% of the samples supported growth of k. pneumoniae: a high proportion of these strains were isolated from sweets and snacks (51%). enterotoxigenicity as determined by a coagglutination test with anti-lt4 coated staphylococci was observed in 61 of 100 klebsiella isolates. 21% of the strains were found to be klebocin producers against th ... | 1988 | 3071515 |
| mixed meningitis: report of 2 cases. | | 1988 | 3071567 |
| [a specific property of bacteria in the genus klebsiella--a color reaction with 5-aminosalicylic acid in the nutrient medium]. | for the first time bacteria of the genus klebsiella have been found to possess a specific property, characteristic of this genus only, i.e. the capacity of giving color reaction with 5-aminosalicylic acid. this reaction can be observed in all klebsiella species under study: k. pneumoniae (94.4 +/- 2.3%), k. ozaenae (93.3 +/- 4.5%), k. rhinoscleromatis (100%), k. oxytoca (88.0 +/- 4.9%), k. mobilis (92-5 +/- 4.3% of the strains). in all other bacteria under study (40 species, 22 genera and 7 fami ... | 1988 | 3072806 |
| [various principles of detecting the producers of beta-lactamase inhibitors among soil actinomycetes]. | principles of detecting organisms producing beta-lactamase inhibitors among soil actinomycetes were developed. for detecting such cultures it was recommended to use the gauze agarized medium no. 1 supplemented with beta-lactam antibiotics. benzylpenicillin proved to be the most efficient. various liquid fermentation media for detecting the inhibitory activity of soil actinomycetes were compared. two media were the most favourable i.e. the glucose-yeast medium no. 18/3 and the soybean-glucose med ... | 1988 | 3072929 |
| bactericidal effect of ceftriaxone versus imipenem plus cilastatin in bronchial secretion. | the bactericidal quotient (bq) assessed in the site of infection represents an essential parameter for evaluating the real bactericidal potency of an antibiotic in vivo. the assessment and knowledge of bq values allow us to set up a more accurate and appropriate antibacterial therapy. the two drugs--ceftriaxone (rocephin) and imipenem plus cilastatin (tienam)--that have been taken into consideration in this study, having a similar antibacterial spectrum though with different kinetics, may have t ... | 1988 | 3073044 |
| construction of multicopy expression vectors for regulated over-production of proteins in klebsiella pneumoniae and other enteric bacteria. | a number of expression vectors have been constructed to allow over-production of selected gene products in klebsiella pneumoniae and other enteric bacteria. the plasmids use the strong hybrid trp-lac (tac) promoter for gene expression, which is regulated by the laciq allele of the lac repressor carried on the vector. this provides very tight regulation of gene expression, which is important for over-production of proteins which may be detrimental to cell growth. the vectors carry the standard mp ... | 1988 | 3073188 |
| drug-sensitivity of klebsiella pneumoniae derived from horses. | | 1988 | 3073255 |
| double-blind trial ru 41740 vs. placebo: immunological and clinical effects in a group of patients with chronic bronchitis. | a double-blind trail was performed to investigate the effects of ru 41740, a glycoprotein extract from klebsiella pneumoniae, on host defenses and its efficacy in reducing the number of exacerbation in 29 evaluable patients with chronic bronchitis, out of 36 patients who entered the study. the drug enhanced the phagocytosis indexes of both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes. increased candidacidal activity of monocytes was also observed. these effects, already detectable after one cour ... | 1988 | 3073462 |
| [treatment of a patient with septic shock caused by extensive phlegmon of the buttocks and lower extremities]. | | 1988 | 3073585 |
| taxonomic specificity of restriction-modification enzymes. | | 1988 | 3074011 |
| comparative study of a novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase, caz-2, and the ctx-1 and caz-1 enzymes conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. | infections caused by strains of klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins have been observed recently in hospitals in clermont-ferrand, france. beta-lactam resistance resulted primarily from the plasmid-mediated, expanded-spectrum ctx-1 beta-lactamase. furthermore, since 1987 some k. pneumoniae isolates more resistant to ceftazidime than to other cephalosporins have been observed. this new resistance phenotype was the result of the production of ceftazidimase caz-1 and, mo ... | 1988 | 3075436 |
| [bilateral suppurative endophthalmitis in septicemia caused by klebsiella pneumoniae]. | | 1988 | 3075673 |
| serial studies of the igg subclass and functional affinity of dna antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. | the functional affinity and igg subclass of antibodies to ss and dsdna were measured by elisa in five serial samples from 41 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) who were divided into relatively homogeneous disease subgroups. anti-dsdna antibodies were restricted to igg1 and igg3 in renal disease and levels increased with disease severity. functional affinity of igg1 and igg3 anti-dsdna fell in patients with severe renal disease, suggesting that the high affinity antibody population ... | 1988 | 3075912 |
| [rhinoscleroma as a cause of severe laryngeal obstruction]. | | 1988 | 3076205 |
| biosynthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase. | the iron-molybdenum cofactor (femo-co) of nitrogenase is a mo-fe-s cluster that has been proposed as the site of substrate reduction for the nitrogenase enzyme complex. biosynthesis of femo-co in klebsiella pneumoniae requires at least six nif (nitrogen fixation) gene products. one of the nif genes, nifv, apparently encodes a homocitrate synthase. the synthesis and accumulation of homocitrate [(r)-2-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid] in k.pneumoniae is correlated to the presence of a functi ... | 1988 | 3076773 |
| klebocin production, typing and antibiogram of klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from humans and animals. | | 1988 | 3076892 |
| [urinary tract infections: bacteriology, treatment, and antibody- coated bacteria]. | | 1988 | 3077241 |
| [heterogeneity of microbial flora responsible for respiratory infections in aids]. | | 1988 | 3077955 |
| investigations on the aetiology and antibiotic management of neonatal septicemia. | | 1988 | 3078030 |
| the effects of recombinant interleukin-1 and recombinant tumor necrosis factor on non-specific resistance to infection. | natural and synthetic immunomodulators that increase non-specific resistance to infection induce the production of interleukin-1 (il-1) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf). therefore, we investigated the effect of il-1 and of tnf on the survival of lethally-infected mice. mice were injected with 1 x 10(6) klebsiella pneumoniae in the thigh muscle. when recombinant human il-1 beta was given as a single i.p. injection 24 h before the infection, survival was increased. using 80 ng il-1 beta per mouse, ... | 1988 | 3079457 |
| activity of fosfomycin and r-plasmid conferring fosfomycin resistance among some clinical bacteria isolates in nigeria. | the in vitro activity of fosfomycin (an antibiotic that has clinically not been widely used in nigeria) against 516 clinical bacteria isolates and the screening for the presence of r plasmid conferring resistance to fosfomycin among the test bacteria isolates were determined. in the presence of added glucose-6-phosphate (25 micrograms/ml) to the growth medium, all the isolates were inhibited at fosfomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of less than or equal to 32-64 micrograms/ml. witho ... | 1986 | 3081302 |
| in vitro studies of the synergism of piperacillin and netilmicin against blood culture isolates. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro synergism between piperacillin and netilmicin against microorganisms isolated from danish patients with septicemia and to examine the influence of inactivation of piperacillin among these bacteria on the synergy results. a total of 132 stains was examined: escherichia coli 20, indole-positive proteus 17, klebsiella pneumoniae 18, enterobacter cloacae 20, pseudomonas aeruginosa 20, staphylococcus aureus 20, and coagulase-negative staphylococc ... | 1986 | 3081304 |
| bacterial colonization of hemasite access devices. | vascular access ports (hemasites) were recovered from patients in whom they had become foci of infection and were examined according to microbiologic and morphologic techniques. all were covered on their extraluminal surfaces by well-developed biofilms consisting of host material and bacteria and their extracellular products. one hemasite from which staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecalis were cultured was covered by a biofilm that consisted of coccoid bacterial cells and occasional fun ... | 1986 | 3082026 |
| kinetic analysis of the reaction mechanism of oxaloacetate decarboxylase from klebsiella aerogenes. | the mechanism of oxaloacetate decarboxylase of klebsiella aerogenes was investigated by enzyme kinetic methods. the activity of the decarboxylase was strictly dependent on the presence of na+ or li+ ions. for li+ the km was about 17 times higher and the vmax about 4 times lower than for na+. no activity was detectable at na+ concentrations less than 5 microm. the curve for initial velocity versus na+ concentration was hyperbolic. initial velocity patterns with oxaloacetate or na+ as the varied s ... | 1986 | 3082631 |
| oxygen sensitivity of the nifla promoter of klebsiella pneumoniae. | oxygen sensitivity of the nifla promoter of klebsiella pneumoniae has been demonstrated. studies on the oxygen regulation of nifb-lacz and nifh-lacz fusions in the presence of the nifla operon, which contains either an intact or a deleted nifl gene, indicate that possibly both the nifl promoter and the nifl product are responsible for nif repression by oxygen. | 1986 | 3082858 |
| escherichia coli adherence to anion exchange resin. in vitro model for initial screening of potential antiadherence agents. | the first step in developing a bladder infection is attachment of bacteria to the bladder epithelium. removing the bladder mucin increases bacterial adherence up to a thousand-fold, and this increase can be prevented by pretreating the mucin-deficient bladder with heparin. to develop a rapid, in vitro antiadherence screening assay, we studied the adherence of escherichia coli to various chromatography resins and the ability of heparin and other agents to antagonize this attachment. the results c ... | 1986 | 3083556 |
| serum bactericidal activity of mezlocillin, ceftazidime, mezlocillin/ceftazidime and mezlocillin/amikacin against klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | sera of volunteers receiving 1 g mezlocillin, 5 g mezlocillin, 1 g ceftazidime, 3 g ceftazidime, 1 g mezlocillin plus 1 g ceftazidime, and 1 g mezlocillin plus 500 mg amikacin, respectively, were evaluated for bactericidal activity against clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the titers of bactericidal activity against klebsiella pneumoniae in serum from subjects receiving ceftazidime were higher than with other regimens both one and six hours after administrati ... | 1986 | 3084239 |
| serum bactericidal test in volunteers--a review. | a review is given of work utilizing the serum bactericidal test for preclinical evaluation of agents considered for treatment of gram-negative sepsis among neutropenic cancer patients. following a description of the methodology of the two major groups, the results of the various antibiotic trials are summarized. first the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and moxalactam) were tested and found to be, at best, of limited value as single agents for pseudomonas aeruginosa, ... | 1986 | 3084246 |
| correlation of predicted serum bactericidal activities and values measured in volunteers. | a method was devised for predicting the serum bactericidal activity of new drugs. six healthy volunteers received 2 g moxalactam, cefoperazone and cefotaxime, respectively, as 30-min infusions in a crossover manner at one-week intervals. the pharmacokinetics of each drug was characterized and the bactericidal activity of the serum 1 h after infusion was measured against panels of six strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, six strains of escherichia coli, six strains of staphylococcus aureus, and fou ... | 1986 | 3084247 |
| effect of increasing doses of amikacin with or without piperacillin in the serum bactericidal test. | to determine whether high doses of amikacin would prevent the development of resistance in clinical isolates, the serum bactericidal activity and killing rate of conventional and high doses of amikacin and piperacillin alone and in combination were measured in volunteer sera against a series of ten strains each of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. amikacin serum levels were 24.9 +/- 6.0 mg/l 1 h after infusion of the 7.5 mg/kg dose and 44.8 +/- 5.0 mg/l after th ... | 1986 | 3084248 |
| distribution of bacteria and yeasts within the 10-ml isolator during the processing of seeded blood samples. | forty-five organisms consisting of stock cultures and clinical isolates of bacteria and yeast were separately inoculated into outdated blood bank blood to achieve a concentration of approximately 100 cfu/ml. blood with each organism was introduced into groups of four isolators (e. i. du pont de nemours & co., inc., wilmington, del.), which were then processed according to the isostat instructions of the manufacturer. the supernatant, sediment, and wash (material removed from the surface of the s ... | 1986 | 3084546 |
| microbiological assessment of 24- and 48-h changes and management of semiclosed circuits from ventilators in a neonatal intensive care unit. | the contamination of semiclosed disposable circuits of healthdyne and bourns ventilators was studied in a newborn intensive care unit over a 2-year period. a total of 379 fluid samples was obtained from inspiratory and expiratory tubing condensates and traps and from thermal humidifier columns fed with prefilled containers of sterile water. in addition, 100 tryptic soy agar plates were exposed to the exhalation mist of the circuits sampled. with 24-h changes of circuits a 2.5% contamination rate ... | 1986 | 3084550 |
| [antibacterial activity of (+)-negamycin prepared by a new method]. | antibacterial activity of (+)-negamycin (ngm) prepared by a new method was investigated for some bacteria. the results demonstrated that this antibacterial activity of synthesized ngm was almost the same as compared to that of naturally obtained ngm, and was also effective to pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring multiple drug resistant plasmid kr102. | 1986 | 3084829 |
| sepsis from triple- vs single-lumen catheters during total parenteral nutrition in surgical or critically ill patients. | we prospectively studied the infection rates for 59 triple-lumen (tlc) and 68 single-lumen (slc) subclavian catheters during the administration of total parenteral nutrition (tpn) to surgical or critically ill patients. a standard protocol was used for catheter insertion and maintenance. the infection control committee determined independently whether patients had catheter-related sepsis, an infected insertion site only, or no catheter infection. the tlcs had an increased incidence of catheter s ... | 1986 | 3085637 |
| in-vitro studies of antibiotic combinations with special emphasis on the evaluation of newly developed methods. | we have described an in-vitro pharmacokinetic model that mimics the serum and tissue concentrations of antibiotics during therapy of human patients, and thus presents a changing concentration of antibiotics to the bacterial inoculum. this pharmacokinetic model has been used to study antibiotic combinations that are used in the treatment of infections in granulocytopenic patients. in this model the addition of piperacillin to amikacin or of ceftazidime or azlocillin to another aminoglycoside prev ... | 1986 | 3086275 |
| emergence of resistance after therapy with antibiotics used alone or combined in a murine model. | a murine model of peritonitis allowing detection and quantification of in-vivo acquired resistance during short term therapy has been used in order to evaluate the capacity of antimicrobial combinations to limit emergence of resistance, as compared to individual components of the regimens. mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 10(8) cfu of bacteria. two hours later, a single antibiotic dose was injected subcutaneously: amikacin (15 mg/kg), ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg), pefloxacin (25 mg/kg), ami ... | 1986 | 3086276 |
| in-vitro activity of pefloxacin compared to other antibiotics. | pefloxacin is a new quinolone carboxylic acid with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. a comparison was made of the in-vitro activity of pefloxacin and that of nine other antibiotics (ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin and norfloxacin). the mic90 of pefloxacin against 500 strains of enterobacteriaceae ranged from 0.25 mg/l (escherichia coli, indole + proteus spp., enterobacter cloacae, salmonella spp. and shigella spp.) to 1 mg ... | 1986 | 3086279 |
| characterization of pathogenic bacteria by automated headspace concentration-gas chromatography. | automated headspace concentration-gas chromatography (ahc-gc) was used to profile the volatile metabolites produced by proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. bacterial cultures were incubated in trypticase soy broth and examined at 24 h. the profiles were consistent for each genus examined and variation observed among the different strains of each species was chiefly quantitative. the volatiles were identified by concurrent headspace concentra ... | 1986 | 3086354 |
| influence of salmonella and other gram-negative bacteria on the survival of mice infected with schistosoma japonicum. | | 1986 | 3086463 |
| influence of cianidanol on specific and non-specific immune mechanisms. | the influence of cianidanol (ci), a cytoprotective radical scavenger, on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was assessed with respect to its immunomodulatory function. in previous studies performed in our laboratory, a bidirectional influence of ci on the immune response was observed, depending on its concentration. in order to elucidate this effect, the influence of ci on macrophage (m phi) and b-cell function was investigated. a marked dose-dependent suppression of m phi phagocytosis by ... | 1986 | 3086643 |
| activation of the bradyrhizobium japonicum nifh and nifdk operons is dependent on promoter-upstream dna sequences. | previous analysis of b. japonicum nifh'- and nifd'-'lacz translational fusions showed that these promoters could be activated by the k. pneumoniae nifa plus the e. coli ntra gene products. to study the functions of the dna 5' to these promoters, plasmids carrying deletions in this region were constructed and analyzed in vivo in a heterologous system consisting of an e. coli (ntra+) background with a plasmid that constitutively expresses the k. pneumoniae nifa gene. activation of the b. japonicum ... | 1986 | 3086837 |
| immunocompromised animal models for the study of antibiotic combinations. | studies of various models of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in neutropenic animals have demonstrated the superiority of the combination of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics when compared with a single drug alone. a limited number of studies carried out in models of klebsiella pneumoniae infections in neutropenic animals have shown similar results. the efficacy of double beta-lactam combinations for the treatment of gram-negative bacillary infections has not been studied as extensivel ... | 1986 | 3087166 |
| the effect of antimicrobial agents on fecal flora of children. | influences of antibiotics on the fecal flora in children were studied for oral ampicillin, penicillin v, erythromycin, cefaclor, and gentamicin and for intravenous ampicillin, methicillin, cefpiramide, and ceftazidime. all antibiotics affected the normal flora, although the quality and quantity of the changes were variable. no substantial differences were noted between the oral and intravenous use of ampicillin with regard to its effect on the flora. three penicillins, ampicillin, penicillin v, ... | 1986 | 3087275 |
| bactericidal activity and killing rate of serum from volunteers receiving pefloxacin alone or in combination with amikacin. | serum bactericidal activities (sbas) were studied after intravenous administration of pefloxacin (8 mg/kg) and amikacin (7.5 mg/kg) alone or in combination to 15 human volunteers. about 10 strains each of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus were tested. the serum levels of pefloxacin were measured microbiologically by using e. coli kp 1976-712 as the test organism at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 720 min after infusion; at 0, 30, 60, and 720 min these ... | 1986 | 3087276 |
| comparative study of serum bactericidal activity of cefotaxime alone or in combination with tobramycin. | the objectives of this study were to investigate the bactericidal activity in serum of cefotaxime alone or in combination with tobramycin against clinical strains and to determine the influence of tobramycin on the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime. the peak bactericidal activity in serum of cefotaxime alone against klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas cepacia, and listeria monocytogenes varied between 1:4 and 1:256. bactericidal activity could still be detec ... | 1986 | 3087282 |
| survey of aminoglycoside resistance patterns. | we studied the susceptibility of 545 gram-negative clinical isolates to six aminoglycosides: gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, amikacin, 2'-n-ethylnetilmicin, and 6'-n-ethylnetilmicin. the resistant strains (359) have been classified into aminoglycoside resistance (patterns) phenotypes (agrps) corresponding to known resistance mechanisms. the results clearly demonstrated that most strains of proteus spp., klebsiella spp., escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa appeared to be able to adeny ... | 1986 | 3087636 |
| plasmid linked mercury & zinc resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae. | | 1986 | 3087871 |
| antibacterial effects of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid in animal models of infection. | the therapeutic effects produced by ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid were compared with those of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid separately against infections in the mouse caused by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. the infections studied included a pneumonia model, a local tissue infection and pyelonephritis. the distribution of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in infected animals was evaluated by measurement of the concentrations of the substances present at sites of infection. the results sho ... | 1986 | 3087934 |
| in vitro activity of aztreonam against gram negative bacteria from clinical specimens and its comparison with other commonly used antibiotics. | a total of 755 gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens were tested against aztreonam by the disc agar diffusion test. the strains of bacteria used in this study consisted of escherichia coli (314), enterobacter aerogenes (30), e. agglomerans (7), e. cloacae, (39), citrobacter diversus (9), c. freundii (13), hafnia alvei (3), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (10), klebsiella oxytoca (6), k. ozaenae (5), k. pneumoniae (107), morganella morganii (3), moraxella sp. (10), pasteurella multo ... | 1986 | 3088346 |
| mezlocillin: a broad spectrum penicillin in the treatment of urinary tract infection. | | 1986 | 3088472 |
| time course of radiometric detection of positive blood cultures in childhood. | we have determined the time course of radiometric detection of microbial growth in 2348 positive blood culture specimens obtained at wyler children's hospital during a 5-year interval. overall 72 and 88% of isolates were detected within 48 and 72 hours after sampling, respectively. for pathogenic organisms aerobic detection was generally more rapid and more inclusive than anaerobic detection. at 48 hours of incubation the detection of six potential pathogens (salmonella sp., haemophilus influenz ... | 1986 | 3088549 |
| catheter-related septicaemia in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. | forty-three patients received home parenteral nutrition (hpn) for 4 to 13 months (median, 30 months) with a total treatment period of 153 patient-years. all patients had central venous catheters; 71 pvc subclavian catheters, 138 broviac catheters, and 16 other catheters were used. broviac catheters were introduced into the central veins via a tunnel on the chest (94 catheters) or on the thigh (44 catheters). eighty-two episodes of catheter septicaemia occurred in 28 (65%) of the patients, corres ... | 1986 | 3088720 |
| combination therapy: a way to limit emergence of resistance? | the ability of antibiotic combinations to limit the emergence of resistance during therapy was evaluated in a murine model. peritonitis was produced by injecting a mixture containing 10(8) colony-forming units of bacteria and sterilized talcum into the peritoneum. two hours later, a single antibiotic dose was administered subcutaneously. the next day, peritoneal bacterial populations were analyzed on szybalski's gradients. acquired resistance was recorded when there was at least a fourfold incre ... | 1986 | 3088999 |
| aminoglycoside resistance: a worldwide perspective. | two concerns, neither of which is particularly new, underlie the current reluctance to use aminoglycosides more broadly. first, an undeniable fact is that these compounds can be toxic, particularly in patients with impaired renal function or those receiving other nephrotoxic medications. second, a more emotional concern is that widespread use of aminoglycosides, particularly the newer compounds that are more resistant to enzymatic inactivation, may engender widespread resistance. in fact, severa ... | 1986 | 3089000 |
| resistance surveillance programs and the incidence of gram-negative bacillary resistance to amikacin from 1967 to 1985. | data relating to amikacin resistance among gram-negative bacilli were obtained by means of a review of published literature and resistance surveillance studies. data from the first several years of amikacin use are difficult to interpret because the 10-micrograms disk used for kirby-bauer susceptibility testing resulted in apparent greater resistance than the present 30-micrograms disk. a large united states susceptibility surveillance program that monitors antibiotic use has shown a trend since ... | 1986 | 3089003 |
| review of epidemic aminoglycoside resistance worldwide. | epidemic aminoglycoside resistance may be caused by the spread of a species with distinctive chromosomal genes (e.g., pseudomonas aeruginosa), or it may be due to the dissemination of plasmids or transposons between genera. although strains of p. aeruginosa resistant to aminoglycosides because of impermeability may cause nosocomial outbreaks, most of the acute increases in aminoglycoside resistance are due to the spread of inactivating enzymes by plasmids. the index species for intergeneric outb ... | 1986 | 3089005 |
| control of emergence of multi-resistant gram-negative bacilli by exclusive use of amikacin. | results of a three-year prospective study of amikacin as the only aminoglycoside used at the instituto nacional de la nutrición "salvador zubirán" are presented. during the initial three-month baseline period, resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin among 870 gram-negative bacterial isolates was 3.2 percent, 17.4 percent, and 11.2 percent, respectively. in this period, the overall consumption of aminoglycosides was 69 percent for gentamicin, 30.5 percent for amikacin, and 0.5 percent ... | 1986 | 3089006 |
| synthesis and biological activity of benzothiazolo[3,2-a]quinolone antibacterial agents. | a new class of heterocyclic compounds with potent antibacterial activity, namely, 2-substituted amino-3-fluoro-5,12-dihydro-5-oxobenzothiazolo[3, 2-a]quinoline-6-carboxylic acids, is described. the compounds are conformationally restricted analogues of 7-substituted amino-6-fluoro-1-aryl-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids. compounds 7 and 10, having a 4-methylpiperazinyl and a piperazinyl substitution at the 2-position, respectively, possess in vitro antibacterial activities comparab ... | 1986 | 3090265 |
| protective and opsonic activities of a native, ph 4.25 intravenous immunoglobulin g preparation against common bacterial pathogens. | the in vitro opsonic activity of a native, ph 4.25 immunoglobulin g preparation modified for intravenous use (igiv ph 4.25) was compared with the activities of a standard reduced and alkylated, ph 6.8 preparation (igiv-r/a ph 6.8) and a reduced and alkylated, ph 5.25 preparation (igiv-r/a ph 5.25) against a variety of common bacterial pathogens. in most instances the opsonic titers of igiv ph 4.25 equaled or exceeded that of igiv-r/a ph 6.8; igiv-r/a ph 5.25 usually had an intermediate level of ... | 1986 | 3092306 |