| characterization of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttle of the matrix protein of influenza b virus. | influenza b virus is an enveloped negative-strand rna virus that contributes considerably to annual influenza illnesses in human. the matrix protein of influenza b virus (bm1) acts as a cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling protein during the early and late stages of infection. the mechanism of this intracellular transport of bm1 was revealed through the identification of two leucine-rich crm1-dependent nuclear export signals (ness) (3 to 14 amino acids [aa] and 124 to 133 aa), one bipartite nuclear loc ... | 2014 | 24741102 |
| hemozoin is a potent adjuvant for hemagglutinin split vaccine without pyrogenicity in ferrets. | synthetic hemozoin (shz, also known as β-hematin) from monomeric heme is a particle adjuvant which activates antigen-presenting cells (apcs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages, and enhances humoral immune responses to several antigens, including ovalbumin, human serum albumin, and serine repeat antigen 36 of plasmodium falciparum. in the present study, we evaluated the adjuvanticity and pyrogenicity of shz as an adjuvant for seasonal trivalent hemagglutinin split vaccine (sv) for humans us ... | 2014 | 24721532 |
| cold adaptation improves the growth of seasonal influenza b vaccine viruses. | gene reassortment has proved useful in improving yields of influenza a antigens of egg-based inactivated vaccines, but similar approaches have been difficult with influenza b antigens. current regulations for influenza vaccine seed viruses limit the number of egg passages and as a result resultant yields from influenza b vaccine seed viruses are frequently inconsistent. therefore, reliable approaches to enhance yields of influenza b vaccine seed viruses are required for efficient vaccine manufac ... | 2014 | 24631096 |
| prompt detection of influenza a and b viruses using the bd veritor™ system flu a+b, quidel® sofia® influenza a+b fia, and alere binaxnow® influenza a&b compared to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | the performance characteristics of rapid influenza diagnostic tests vary widely. this study evaluated the bd veritor™ system flu a+b (veritor; bd diagnostics, sparks, md, usa), quidel® sofia® influenza a+b fia (sofia; quidel corp., san diego, ca, usa), and alere binaxnow® influenza a&b (binax; alere scarborough, inc., scarborough, me, usa) compared to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for detection of influenza viruses in nasal wash specimens from 240 pediatric patients. p ... | 2014 | 24582581 |
| fitness costs for influenza b viruses carrying neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant substitutions: underscoring the importance of e119a and h274y. | influenza b viruses cause annual outbreaks of respiratory illness in humans and are increasingly recognized as a major cause of influenza-associated pediatric mortality. neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais) are the only available therapy for patients infected with influenza b viruses, and the potential emergence of nai-resistant viruses is a public health concern. the na substitutions located within the enzyme active site could not only reduce nai susceptibility of influenza b virus but also aff ... | 2014 | 24566185 |
| [genetic variation of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza b viruses isolated in ningbo during 2010-2012]. | to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza b viruses and explore the genetic evolution characteristics of the hemagglutinin(ha) and neuraminidase(na) genes of local isolated strains in ningbo, southeast china, during 2010 to 2012. | 2013 | 24529267 |
| rash associated with influenza b virus infection. | | 2014 | 24476181 |
| sequential influenza b viral load and susceptibility in children treated with oseltamivir and zanamivir. | the objective of this study was to estimate the efficacy of the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais) oseltamivir and zanamivir for decreasing viral load and to investigate whether nai treatment decreases viral susceptibility to nais over time in children with influenza b virus infection. | 2014 | 24445826 |
| [epitope analysis of the hemagglutinin molecule of the victoria lineage influenza b viruses]. | a panel of five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the ha1 molecule of the influenza b virus of the victorian lineage with high virus-neutralizing activity was developed. for identification of the virus neutralizing epitopes in ha1 escape mutants (em) of the influenza bishandong/07/97 and b/malaysia/2506/04 virus were selected using virus- neutralizing antibodies (mabs). three ems had single, two--double and one--triple amino acid substitutions (aas) in ha1 (h122n, a202e, k203t, k2031, k203n or a31 ... | 2014 | 25929033 |
| vaccine for prevention of mild and moderate-to-severe influenza in children. | commonly used trivalent vaccines contain one influenza b virus lineage and may be ineffective against viruses of the other b lineage. we evaluated the efficacy of a candidate inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (qiv) containing both b lineages. | 2013 | 24328444 |
| severe pathogenesis of influenza b virus in pregnant mice. | the study on pathogenesis of influenza b virus during pregnancy is limited. here, we showed using a mouse model that influenza b virus could cause severe disease including death during pregnancy. infected pregnant mice resulted in 40% mortality, but infected age-matched non-pregnant mice did not show any death. infected pregnant mice contained high viral loads in lungs with the elevated inductions of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines than infected non-pregnant mice. infected pregnant mice de ... | 2014 | 24314638 |
| uncommon cause of severe pneumonia: co-infection of influenza b and streptococcus. | influenza and pneumococcus co-infection can cause severe morbidity and mortality. usually, this entails influenza a, while infection by influenza b is rarely serious. the literature describes influenza a epidemics leading to prolific loss of lives, notably the 1918 epidemic was blamed for the deaths of 40 to 50 million people. in this report, four patients were infected by influenza b during the influenza epidemic of 2011/12 in hong kong. all of them were previously healthy and had no chronic di ... | 2013 | 24310663 |
| hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of influenza b viruses circulating in riyadh, saudi arabia during 2010-2011: evolution and sequence analysis. | influenza viruses are known as continuing threats to human public health every year worldwide. evolutionary dynamics of influenza b viruses in humans are in a unique progression having two lineages; b/yam and b/vic-like viruses, which are circulating simultaneously worldwide. there is a considerable lack of data on influenza b viruses circulating in saudi arabia. during the winter-spring season of 2010-2011, 80 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from hospitalized patients with flu-like symp ... | 2014 | 24150926 |
| influenza b virus-associated pneumonia in pediatric patients: clinical features, laboratory data, and chest x-ray findings. | the clinical significance of influenza b is frequently overlooked, and reports on influenza b pneumonia in children are limited. therefore, the clinical features of associated complications have rarely been reported. the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics in pediatric patients with influenza b virus-associated pneumonia. | 2014 | 24113227 |
| cerebellar mutism and reversible cytotoxic edema in influenza b-associated encephalopathy. | influenza virus-associated neurological complications are rare, though well-documented, especially in children. encephalopathy and seizures are the most common complications and are typically associated with influenza a infection. cerebellar mutism has been rarely reported in association with influenza b infection. | 2013 | 24095574 |
| influenza b-induced refractory cardiogenic shock: a case report. | an association between influenza a viruses and myocarditis was noted during the 1918 influenza pandemic. since then, the link between the influenza b virus and fulminant myocarditis or cardiogenic shock has been rarely reported. | 2013 | 24079537 |
| structural basis for the divergent evolution of influenza b virus hemagglutinin. | influenza a and b viruses are responsible for the severe morbidity and mortality worldwide in annual influenza epidemics. currently circulating influenza b virus belongs to the b/victoria or b/yamagata lineage that was diverged from each other about 30-40 years ago. however, a mechanistic understanding of their divergent evolution is still lacking. here we report the crystal structures of influenza b/yamanashi/166/1998 hemagglutinin (ha) belonging to b/yamagata lineage and its complex with the a ... | 2013 | 24074573 |
| improved sensitivity of the novel xpert flu test for detection of influenza b virus. | | 2013 | 24068015 |
| characteristics of vaccine failures in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of inactivated influenza vaccine in children. | infections occurring among vaccinated persons (vaccine failures) are known to occur in vaccines with imperfect efficacy. failures among vaccinated children who were infected with vaccine-matched influenza b virus strain have not been adequately characterized. | 2014 | 24061274 |
| differing epidemiological dynamics of influenza b virus lineages in guangzhou, southern china, 2009-2010. | the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of the two cocirculating lineages of influenza b virus, victoria and yamagata, are poorly understood, especially in tropical or subtropical areas of southeast asia. we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) sequences of influenza b viruses isolated in guangzhou, a southern chinese city, during 2009 to 2010 and compared the demographic and clinical features of infected patients. we identified multiple viral ... | 2013 | 24027322 |
| molecular characterization of the receptor binding structure-activity relationships of influenza b virus hemagglutinin. | selectivity of α2,6-linked human-like receptors by b hemagglutinin (ha) is yet to be fully understood. this study integrates binding data with structure-recognition models to examine the impact of regional-specific sequence variations within the receptor-binding pocket on selectivity and structure activity relationships (sar). the receptor-binding selectivity of influenza b has corresponding to either b/victoria/2/1987 or the b/yamagata/16/88 lineages was examined using surface plasmon resonance ... | 2013 | 24020757 |
| neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza b virus infection: efficacy and resistance. | many aspects of the biology and epidemiology of influenza b viruses are far less studied than for influenza a viruses, and one of these aspects is efficacy and resistance to the clinically available antiviral drugs, the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais). acute respiratory infections are one of the leading causes of death in children and adults, and influenza is among the few respiratory infections that can be prevented and treated by vaccination and antiviral treatment. recent data has sugges ... | 2013 | 24013000 |
| the specificity of the influenza b virus hemagglutinin receptor binding pocket: what does it bind to? | the influenza surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha) binds to sialylglycoproteins and sialylglycolipids on the surface of host cells. these sialyl-glycans, usually linked to galactose in either α2,6 or α2,3 configurations, are the receptors for the viral ha, the binding to which promotes viral attachment, membrane fusion, and internalization of the virus. this review examines all of the available receptor binding data on the influenza b ha and provides a structure recognition perspective for th ... | 2013 | 23996486 |
| sequence-specific cleavage of bm2 gene transcript of influenza b virus by 10-23 catalytic motif containing dna enzymes significantly inhibits viral rna translation and replication. | one of the hallmarks of progression of influenza virus replication is the step involving the virus uncoating that occurs in the host cytoplasm. the bm2 ion channel protein of influenza b virus is highly conserved and is essentially required during the uncoating processes of virus, thus an attractive target for designing antiviral drugs. we screened several dna enzymes (dzs) containing the 10-23 catalytic motif against the influenza b virus bm2 rna. dzs directed against the predicted single-stran ... | 2013 | 23971908 |
| [analysis of genetic variation of hemagglutinin and three internal genes of influenza b virus isolated in zhejiang province from 1999 to 2012]. | to explore the characteristics of the genetic variation of hemagglutinin( ha) and three internal genes coding for the nucleoprotein ( np) , matrix protein ( m) and nonstructural protein ( ns) of influenza b virus. | 2013 | 23958122 |
| [molecular evolution of two lineages related to influenza b virus based on ha1 gene]. | to study the evolutionary characteristics and rules of two lineages on influenza b virus. | 2013 | 23937842 |
| genetic diversity of influenza b virus in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 in tunisia. | the authors had for aim to characterize influenza b strains having circulated in tunisia to identify new mutations and compare them with reference strains. | 2013 | 23876206 |
| [changes and analysis of peripheral white blood cells and lymphocyte subsets for patients with influenza b virus infection]. | to investigate the characters and changes of peripheral white blood cells and lymphocyte subsets of patients with influenza b virus infection and to provide evidences for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of influenza b virus infection. | 2013 | 23855125 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of two extracts of the blackcurrant (ribes nigrum l.) from new zealand and poland. | we investigated the inhibitory effect of extracts of blackcurrant (ribes nigrum l.) from new zealand and poland on 4 strains of influenza virus (ifv) by the inhibition of virus adsorption; pandemic flu from 2009-2010 (ifv-ah1pdm), hong kong flu (ifv-ah3), oseltamivir phosphate-resistant russian flu (ifv-ah1tamr) and influenza virus type b (ifv-b). the inhibitory effect of the extracts of blackcurrant or blueberry on the infectivity of the virion were evaluated by the inhibition of virus adsorpti ... | 2013 | 23842512 |
| recurring influenza b virus infections in seals. | | 2013 | 23750359 |
| immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent versus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine: a randomized, controlled trial in adults. | two phylogenetic lineages of influenza b virus coexist and circulate in the human population (b/yamagata and b/victoria) but only one b-strain is included in each seasonal vaccine. mismatch regularly occurs between the recommended and circulating b-strain. inclusion of both lineages in vaccines may offer better protection against influenza. | 2013 | 23688546 |
| [virological characterization of influenza b virus in mainland china during 2011-2012]. | in order to understand the prevalence and variation of influenza b viruses, the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza b viruses circulating in mainland china during april, 2011 to march, 2012 were analyzed. the results showed the b victoria lineage viruses were much more prevalent than b yamagata lineage during this period, phylogenetic analysis showed vast majority of victoria lineage viruses belong to genetic group 1, intra-clade reassortant between ha1 and na gene was identified ... | 2013 | 23547377 |
| mutations at the monomer-monomer interface away from the active site of influenza b virus neuraminidase reduces susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitor drugs. | amino acid changes in or near the active site of neuraminidase (na) in influenza viruses reduce the susceptibility to na inhibitor drugs. here, we report the recovery of three influenza b viruses with reduced susceptibilities to na inhibitors from human patients with no history of antiviral drug treatment. the three viruses were isolated by inoculating madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells with respiratory specimens from the patients. na inhibition assays demonstrated that two of the three isol ... | 2013 | 23529501 |
| human monoclonal antibodies broadly neutralizing against influenza b virus. | influenza virus has the ability to evade host immune surveillance through rapid viral genetic drift and reassortment; therefore, it remains a continuous public health threat. the development of vaccines producing broadly reactive antibodies, as well as therapeutic strategies using human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (humabs) with global reactivity, has been gathering great interest recently. here, three hybridoma clones producing humabs against influenza b virus, designated 5a7, 3a2 and 10c ... | 2013 | 23408886 |
| genetic analysis of influenza b viruses isolated in uganda during the 2009-2010 seasons. | influenza b viruses can cause morbidity and mortality in humans but due to the lack of an animal reservoir are not associated with pandemics. because of this, there is relatively limited genetic sequences available for influenza b viruses, especially from developing countries. complete genome analysis of one influenza b virus and several gene segments of other influenza b viruses isolated from uganda from may 2009 through december 2010 was therefore undertaken in this study. | 2013 | 23289789 |
| a cluster of patients infected with i221v influenza b virus variants with reduced oseltamivir susceptibility--north carolina and south carolina, 2010-2011. | during 2010-2011, influenza b viruses with a novel neuraminidase substitution, denoted i221v (b/i221v), associated with reduced in vitro oseltamivir susceptibility were detected in north carolina. | 2013 | 23242536 |
| [analysis of non-bacterial respiratory pathogen infection in children with asthmatic diseases]. | to investigate the association of non-bacterial respiratory pathogens with asthmatic diseases in children, and the clinical significance of total serum ige levels and peripheral eosinophil count in infection with non-bacterial respiratory pathogens. | 2012 | 23146730 |
| a single e105k mutation far from the active site of influenza b virus neuraminidase contributes to reduced susceptibility to multiple neuraminidase-inhibitor drugs. | drugs inhibiting the enzymatic activity of influenza virus neuraminidase (na) are the cornerstone of therapy for influenza virus infection. the emergence of drug-resistant variants may limit the benefits of antiviral therapy. here we report the recovery of an influenza b virus with reduced susceptibilities to na inhibitors from a human patient with no history of antiviral drug treatment. the virus, designated b/kochi/61/2011, was isolated by inoculating madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells wit ... | 2012 | 23131559 |
| the coming era of quadrivalent human influenza vaccines: who will benefit? | influenza vaccines form the mainstay of public health and personal protection against infection with seasonal influenza viruses. these vaccines are designed to protect people against infection with the currently circulating influenza viruses. since the late 1970s, this has required the use of a trivalent vaccine consisting of two influenza a viruses and one influenza b virus. however, since the early 2000s, a second lineage of b viruses has regularly circulated in many countries that is quite di ... | 2012 | 23110610 |
| hemagglutinin activating host cell proteases provide promising drug targets for the treatment of influenza a and b virus infections. | cleavage of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) by host cell proteases is crucial for infectivity and spread of the virus. some years ago, we identified tmprss2 and hat from human airways as activating proteases of influenza a viruses containing a monobasic ha cleavage site. therefore, these proteases are considered as potential drug targets. in this report, first we show that ha of influenza b virus is activated by tmprss2 and hat, too. we further demonstrate that benzylsulfonyl-d-arginine-p ... | 2012 | 23072892 |
| phylogenetic and evolutionary history of influenza b viruses, which caused a large epidemic in 2011-2012, taiwan. | the annual recurrence of the influenza epidemic is considered to be primarily associated with immune escape due to changes to the virus. in 2011-2012, the influenza b epidemic in taiwan was unusually large, and influenza b was predominant for a long time. to investigate the genetic dynamics of influenza b viruses during the 2011-2012 epidemic, we analyzed the sequences of 4,386 influenza b viruses collected in taiwan from 2004 to 2012. the data provided detailed insight into the flux patterns of ... | 2012 | 23071751 |
| influenza b infection complicated by patent foramen ovale and high altitude pulmonary edema. | a 34-year-old man presented to a clinic at a ski resort in the rocky mountains at 9000 feet (2743 m) with shortness of breath and fatigue, a few days after arriving to altitude from sea level. he was found to be hypoxic with radiographic findings consistent with high altitude pulmonary edema (hape). he was treated with high flow oxygen, steroids, and calcium channel blockers and transferred to a lower altitude tertiary care hospital for intensive care unit monitoring and further treatment. durin ... | 2013 | 23022059 |
| the cytoplasmic tail domain of influenza b virus hemagglutinin is important for its incorporation into virions but is not essential for virus replication in cell culture in the presence of compensatory mutations. | influenza b virus hemagglutinin (bha) contains a predicted cytoplasmic tail of 10 amino acids that are highly conserved among influenza b viruses. to understand the role of this cytoplasmic tail in infectious virus production, we used reverse genetics to generate a recombinant influenza b virus lacking the bha cytoplasmic tail domain. the resulting virus, designated bhatail(-), had a titer approximately 5 log units lower than that of wild-type virus but grew normally when bha was supplemented in ... | 2012 | 22896616 |
| [analysis of genetic features of influenza b virus in hunan province from 2007 to 2010]. | to investigate the gene variations of influenza b virus isolated in hunan province from 2007 to 2010. | 2012 | 22800599 |
| cluster of false-positive influenza b virus rapid antigen test results in a new york city hospital. | | 2012 | 22718940 |
| viral load and clinical features in children infected with seasonal influenza b in 2006/2007. | in influenza b infection, viral load is believed to be related to the severity of clinical illness. the correlation between viral load and symptoms is not known. we conducted a study to assess the relationship between virus load and clinical features in children infected with influenza b, in the hope that clinical features could be used as surrogate markers of viral load to guide treatment. | 2012 | 22370286 |
| characterization of glycan binding specificities of influenza b viruses with correlation with hemagglutinin genotypes and clinical features. | the carbohydrate binding specificities are different among avian and human influenza a viruses and may affect the tissue tropism and transmission of these viruses. the glycan binding biology for influenza b, however, has not been systematically characterized. glycan binding specificities of influenza b viral isolates were analyzed and correlated to hemagglutinin (ha) genotypes and clinical manifestations. a newly developed solution glycan array was applied to characterize the receptor binding sp ... | 2012 | 22337309 |
| tailor-made cleavage site attenuates influenza b. | influenza b viruses contribute significantly to human influenza. the circulation of two antigenically divergent lineages of this virus can reduce the efficacy of licensed influenza vaccines. a novel live-attenuated influenza b vaccine candidate has been generated by creating a virus that strictly requires elastase activity for the accurate proteolytic maturation of its hemagglutinin. this mutant influenza b virus grows to high titers in vitro and is strongly attenuated in mice, yet it induces a ... | 2012 | 22309664 |
| a report on the association of influenza b virus with respiratory tract infection of hospitalized children in saudi arabia. | influenza viruses are recognized as one of the major causes of respiratory tract infection in young children and elderly people throughout the world. in this report, influenza b virus was detected when 200 clinical samples of nasopharyngeal aspirates, collected from hospitalized children aged from one month to three years with respiratory tract infections, were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). pcr products on the conserved regions sequence of the non-structural ... | 2009 | 23961050 |
| genetic characterization of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza b virus which predominated in the 1985/86 canadian influenza season. | to characterize the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of b/canada/3/85, a prototype strain of influenza b virus variants that emerged in the 1984/85 influenza season and predominated in the 1985/86 season in canada. | 1997 | 22346522 |
| spectrum of respiratory viruses circulating in eastern india: prospective surveillance among patients with influenza-like illness during 2010-2011. | in developing countries, viruses causing respiratory disease are a major concern of public health. during january 2010-december 2011, 2,737 patients with acute respiratory infection from the outpatient departments as well as patients admitted to hospitals were screened for different respiratory viruses. nasal and or throat swabs were collected and transported to the laboratory where initial screening of influenza a and influenza b viruses was performed. the samples were tested further for influe ... | 2013 | 23765782 |
| [comparison of clinical features and co-infection between pneumonia caused by influenza virus a and pneumonia caused by influenza virus b among children]. | to compare the clinical features and co-infection between pneumonia caused by influenza virus a (iva) and pneumonia caused by influenza virus b (ivb) among children. | 2013 | 24229596 |
| epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of bacterial meningitis in dapaong, northern togo. | to assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria over the last three years in the northern togo. | 2012 | 23146796 |
| respiratory viruses in airline travellers with influenza symptoms: results of an airport screening study. | there is very little known about the prevalence and distribution of respiratory viruses, other than influenza, in international air travellers and whether symptom screening would aid in the prediction of which travellers are more likely to be infected with specific respiratory viruses. | 2015 | 25959149 |
| human rhinovirus c infections in pediatric hematology and oncology patients. | children with cancer and hsct recipients are at high risk for common viral infections. we sought to define the viral etiology of ari and identify risk factors. nasal wash samples were collected from pediatric hematology-oncology patients and hsct recipients with ari during the 2003-2005 winter seasons. real-time rt-pcr was performed to detect flu a, influenza b, rsv, piv 1-3, human mpv, and hrv. hrv specimens were sequenced and genotyped. seventy-eight samples from 62 children were included. vir ... | 2015 | 25377237 |
| bronchitis obliterans due to influenza b pneumonia complicated with staphylococcus aureus infection. | | 2017 | 28238518 |
| a clinical trial of intradermal and intramuscular seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with atopic dermatitis. | antibody responses to the inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine in patients with atopic dermatitis (ad) have not been carefully characterized. | 2017 | 28209343 |
| influenza b/streptococcal co-infection complicated by organizing pneumonia. | organizing pneumonia is a rare complication of influenza infection that has substantial morbidity. we report the first case of organizing pneumonia associated with influenza b and streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection that had significant improvement with corticosteroid treatment. the clinical and radiological features of organizing pneumonia associated with this coinfection are similar to those after influenza a infection. timely use of systemic glucocorticosteroids would be of benefit in promot ... | 2016 | 27516886 |
| need for an improved vaccination rate in primary immune thrombocytopenia patients exposed to rituximab or splenectomy. a nationwide population-based study in france. | international guidelines on immune thrombocytopenia (itp) management recommend vaccination against streptococcus pneumoniae (s.p.), haemophilus influenza b (hib) and neisseiria meningitidis (n.m.) before splenectomy. french guidelines also recommend these vaccinations before rituximab. the aim of this study was to assess the application of these recommendations. the french adult itp: a french pharmacoepidemiological study (faith, n°encepp 4574) is aimed at following in the french national health ... | 2015 | 25557586 |
| a 4 year prospective study to determine risk factors for severe community acquired pneumonia in children in southern china. | pneumonia is the major cause of death under 5 years. with high cap numbers in china and growing access to picus, factors associated with severe cap need to be determined to optimize care. | 2013 | 22778084 |
| cutting edge: paradoxical roles of bst2/tetherin in promoting type i ifn response and viral infection. | bone marrow stromal ag 2 (bst2) is a transmembrane protein that prevents virus release from infected cells. it was also reported that bst2 inhibits type i ifn production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. to determine bst2 impact on antiviral responses in vivo, we generated bst2(-/-) mice. following infection with a murine retrovirus, bst2(-/-) mice had slightly elevated viral loads; however, infection with other enveloped viruses revealed unexpected roles of bst2. bst2(-/-) mice showed reduced ty ... | 2012 | 22327075 |
| antiviral properties of garlic: in vitro effects on influenza b, herpes simplex and coxsackie viruses. | | 1985 | 17342616 |
| purification of human and avian influenza viruses using cellulose sulfate ester (cellufine sulfate) in the process of vaccine production. | affinity chromatography using sulfated, spherical cellulose beads (cellufine sulfate) was assessed for purification of influenza a and influenza b viruses. recovery rates of viruses eluted from the beads were high for all tested virus strains. this method was also useful for removing chicken egg-derived impurities from allantoic fluids containing influenza viruses; the hemagglutination activity per amount of protein in the eluted sample was significantly higher than that in the applied sample. t ... | 2012 | 22530951 |
| immunogenicity and safety of southern hemisphere inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine: a phase iii, open-label study of adults in brazil. | the world health organization influenza forecast now includes an influenza b strain from each of the influenza b lineages (b/yamagata and b/victoria) for inclusion in seasonal influenza vaccines. traditional trivalent influenza vaccines include an influenza b strain from one lineage, but because two influenza b lineages frequently co-circulate, the effectiveness of trivalent vaccines may be reduced in seasons of influenza b vaccine-mismatch. thus, quadrivalent vaccines may potentially reduce the ... | 2017 | 27912069 |
| patterns of influenza b circulation in brazil and its relevance to seasonal vaccine composition. | data on the burden of disease and circulation patterns of influenza b lineages for brazil are limited. this review aims to describe the pattern of influenza b occurrence in brazil to have a better understanding of its epidemiology and its relevance when considering seasonal influenza vaccine composition. a review of the data including analysis of international and local surveillance data as well as information from online search of databases using medical subject headings terms in conjunction wi ... | 2016 | 26626166 |
| molecular epidemiology and antigenic characterization of seasonal influenza viruses circulating in nepal. | influenza is one of the public health burdens in nepal and its epidemiology is not clearly understood. the objective of this study was to explore the molecular epidemiology and the antigenic characteristics of the circulating influenza viruses in nepal. | 2017 | 28714491 |
| us healthcare costs attributable to type a and type b influenza. | while the overall healthcare burden of seasonal influenza in the united states (us) has been well characterized, the proportion of influenza burden attributable to type a and type b illness warrants further elucidation. the aim of this study was to estimate numbers of healthcare encounters and healthcare costs attributable to influenza viral strains a and b in the us during the 2001/2002 - 2008/2009 seasons. healthcare encounters and costs in the us during the 2001/2002 - 2008/2009 seasons for i ... | 2017 | 28700268 |
| rationally designed influenza virus vaccines that are antigenically stable during growth in eggs. | influenza virus vaccine production is currently limited by the ability to grow circulating human strains in chicken eggs or in cell culture. to facilitate cost-effective growth, vaccine strains are serially passaged under production conditions, which frequently results in mutations of the major antigenic protein, the viral hemagglutinin (ha). human vaccination with an antigenically drifted strain is known to contribute to poor vaccine efficacy. to address this problem, we developed a replication ... | 2017 | 28588131 |
| multicenter clinical evaluation of the luminex aries flu a/b & rsv assay for pediatric and adult respiratory tract specimens. | influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are three common viruses implicated in seasonal respiratory tract infections and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children worldwide. in recent years, an increasing number of commercial molecular tests have become available to diagnose respiratory viral infections. the luminex aries flu a/b & rsv assay is a fully automated sample-to-answer molecular diagnostic assay for the detection of influenza a, influen ... | 2017 | 28539342 |
| prevention and control of emergent infectious disease with high specific antigen sensor. | this study aims to evaluate the application of a new type of high specificity antigen sensor in detecting the viruses in sudden infectious diseases. influenza a (h1n1) virus immunosensor was used for the respective determination of the six kinds of antigens of h1n1, h3n2 viral protein, ha protein of h7n9, influenza b virus, adenovirus, and ev71 virus of same dilution degree on the screen printed carbon electrode (spce), so as to test the specificity of the detection method. in addition, various ... | 2017 | 28521528 |
| bioaerosol sampling in clinical settings: a promising, noninvasive approach for detecting respiratory viruses. | seeking a noninvasive method to conduct surveillance for respiratory pathogens, we sought to examine the usefulness of 2 types of off-the-shelf aerosol samplers to detect respiratory viruses in singapore. | 2017 | 28480252 |
| development of high yield reassortants for influenza type b viruses and analysis of their gene compositions. | a critical step in producing the annual inactivated influenza vaccine is the development of high yield (hy) seed viruses by reassortment for improved growth in ovo. although hy reassortants for type a influenza viruses have been developed for many years, hy b influenza reassortant virus development for vaccine production has proven difficult. in this study, we have developed fourteen hy influenza type b reassortants as vaccine candidate strains with b/lee/40 as the donor virus. upon characteriza ... | 2015 | 25545595 |
| active screening and surveillance in the united kingdom for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in returning travellers and pilgrims from the middle east: a prospective descriptive study for the period 2013-2015. | over 25000 pilgrims from the uk visit saudi arabia every year for the umrah and hajj pilgrimages. the recent outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in south korea and the continuing reports of mers-cov cases from saudi arabia highlight the need for active surveillance for mers-cov in returning pilgrims or travellers from the middle east. public health england birmingham laboratory (phebl) is one of a few selected uk public health laboratories responsible for mers-cov ... | 2016 | 27117200 |
| usefulness of ct value in acute respiratory infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus a and b and influenza virus a (h1n1)pdm09, a (h3n2) and b. | acute respiratory infections of viral cause are very frequent entities. the difficulty in evaluating the detection of a virus in these entities could be solved by determining the viral load. | 2017 | 28601216 |
| frequency of respiratory viruses among patients admitted to 26 intensive care units in seven consecutive winter-spring seasons (2009-2016) in northern italy. | the role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is still debated. the advent of molecular assays has improved the identification of viruses in patients with cap and according to published studies, viruses account for 11-55% of adult cap cases. | 2017 | 28527970 |
| host dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr)-directed cycloguanil analogues endowed with activity against influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. | we have identified a series of 1-aryl-4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydrotriazines, structurally related to the antimalarial drug cycloguanil, as new inhibitors of influenza a and b virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) via targeting of the host dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) enzyme. most analogues proved active against influenza b virus in the low micromolar range, and the best compounds (11, 13, 14 and 16) even reached the sub-micromolar potency of zanamivir (ec50 = 0.060 μm), and markedly exceeded ... | 2017 | 28477572 |
| prevalence of co-infection between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza have varying degree of seasonal overlap. | 2017 | 28012809 |
| seasonality of influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses and the effect of climate factors in subtropical-tropical asia using influenza-like illness surveillance data, 2010 -2012. | the seasonality of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is well known, and many analyses have been conducted in temperate countries; however, this is still not well understood in tropical countries. previous studies suggest that climate factors are involved in the seasonality of these viruses. however, the extent of the effect of each climate variable is yet to be defined. | 2016 | 28002419 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and influenza are the key viral pathogens in children <2 years hospitalized with bronchiolitis and pneumonia in islamabad pakistan. | pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. comprehensive surveillance data are needed to review the prevention and control strategies. we conducted active surveillance of acute lower respiratory infections among children aged <2 years hospitalized at two hospitals of islamabad, pakistan. viral etiology was determined using real-time pcr on respiratory specimens collected during march 2011-april 2012. the overall mean age was 7.83 ± 5.25 months while no ... | 2017 | 27885562 |
| respiratory syncytial virus outbreak on an adult stem cell transplant unit. | an increase in respiratory syncytial virus type b (rsv-b) infections was detected on an adult hematology/oncology and stem cell transplant unit during march 2015. this prompted an outbreak investigation. | 2016 | 27430734 |
| modelling estimates of age-specific influenza-related hospitalisation and mortality in the united kingdom. | influenza is rarely confirmed with laboratory testing and accurate assessment of the overall burden of influenza is difficult. we used statistical modelling methods to generate updated, granular estimates of the number/rate of influenza-attributable hospitalisations and deaths in the united kingdom. such data are needed on a continuing basis to inform on cost-benefit analyses of treatment interventions, including vaccination. | 2016 | 27278794 |
| comparison of cepheid xpert flu/rsv xc and biofire filmarray for detection of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus. | the xpert flu/rsv xc was compared to the filmarray respiratory panel for detection of influenza (flu) a, flu b, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), using 128 nasopharyngeal swabs. positive agreements were 100% for flu a and rsv and 92.3% for flu b. the xpert may be useful in clinical situations when extensive testing is not required and may serve an important role in laboratories already performing broader respiratory panel testing. | 2016 | 27098956 |
| [lower respiratory tract infection caused by influenza virus a and influenza virus b in wenzhou, china: a clinical analysis of 366 children]. | to compare the epidemiological and clinical features of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) caused by influenza virus a (iva) and influenza virus b (ivb) in children. | 2016 | 26903057 |
| burden of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection in pregnant women and infants under 6 months in mongolia: a prospective cohort study. | pregnant women and infants under 6 months are at risk of influenza-related complications. limited information exists on their community burden of respiratory viruses. | 2016 | 26849042 |
| evaluation of a fluorescent immunoassay rapid test (sofia™) for detection of influenza a+b and rsv in a tertiary pediatric setting. | in response to the lack of sensitivity and reproducibility of previously marketed rapid antigen detection tests, a novel fluorescent immunoassay was recently developed. this new assay offers rapidity and automated reading. more characterization of this assay is needed. the aim of this study was to assess diagnostic performance of sofia influenza a+b and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) while compared to traditional viral cell culture. a total of 416 respiratory samples were analyzed prospective ... | 2016 | 26827091 |
| characterization of acute respiratory infections among 340 infants in wuxi, jiangsu province. | to investigate the etiological and epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections among children in wuxi, jiangsu province. | 2015 | 26605310 |
| evaluation of a new rapid diagnostic test for the detection of influenza and rsv. | influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause an acute respiratory disease that occurs seasonally in epidemic waves. this retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the sofia(®) influenza a+b and the sofia(®) rsv fluorescence immunoassays (fias), two novel rapid detection tests (rdts) for influenza a and b and rsv. | 2016 | 26139303 |
| prospective and retrospective evaluation of the cepheid xpert® flu/rsv xc assay for rapid detection of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus. | a total of 281 clinical specimens (nasal swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates) were tested with the xpert® flu/rsv xc. the results were compared to those obtained with the real-time retro transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays routinely used in our laboratory. the xpert® flu/rsv xc showed sensitivity/specificity of 97.8%/100% and 97.9%/100% for flu and respiratory syncytial virus, respectively. | 2015 | 25662018 |
| many respiratory viruses have temporal association with meningococcal disease. | previous ecological studies have shown a temporal and spatial association between influenza epidemics and meningococcal disease (mng); however, none have examined more than two respiratory viruses. | 2015 | 25456529 |
| the enigma ml fluab-rsv assay: a fully automated molecular test for the rapid detection of influenza a, b and respiratory syncytial viruses in respiratory specimens. | the enigma(®) ml fluab-rsv assay (enigma diagnostics, porton down, salisbury, uk) is a ce-ivd marked multiplex molecular panel for the detection of influenza a, b and respiratory syncytial viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs. the assay runs on the fully automated enigma ml platform without further specimen manipulation and provides a sample-to-answer result within 95 min. the reported sensitivity and specificity for influenza a are 100% (95% ci: 98.2-100) and 98.3% (95% ci: 95.5-99.4), respectively, ... | 2015 | 25399865 |
| comparison of the simplexa™ flu a/b & rsv kit (nucleic acid extraction-dependent assay) and the prodessa proflu+™ assay for detecting influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. | the relative performance of 2 widely used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays, the focus diagnostics simplexa™ flu a/b & rsv kit (nucleic acid extraction-dependent assay) and the prodessa proflu+™ assay, was evaluated using 735 prospectively and retrospectively collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens. overall, the assays showed positive and negative agreements of 100% and 99.7% for influenza a, 98.1% and 99.9% for influenza b, and 99.3% and 99.5% for respiratory syncy ... | 2014 | 25209363 |
| performance of the simplexa™ flu a/b & rsv direct kit on respiratory samples collected in saline solution. | molecular assays for diagnosis of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with short turnaround time are of considerable clinical importance. we have evaluated the diagnostic performance of the simplexa(™) flu a/b & rsv direct kit, which has a run time of 60 min, using different types of respiratory samples collected from patients with a suspected respiratory tract infection, including materials not previously evaluated on this kit. | 2014 | 25195649 |
| comparison of simplexa flu a/b & rsv pcr with cytospin-immunofluorescence and laboratory-developed taqman pcr in predominantly adult hospitalized patients. | to compare simplexa flu a/b & rsv pcr with cytospin-immunofluorescence and laboratory-developed taqman pcr methods, 445 nasopharyngeal samples were tested. of these, 199 were positive (46 for respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], 120 for influenza a, and 33 for influenza b) and 246 were negative. the direct fluorescent-antibody assay (dfa) detected 132 (66.3%) positive samples, simplexa direct detected 162 (81.4%), simplexa using extracts detected 177 (88.9%), and lab-developed taqman pcr reference ... | 2014 | 24850350 |
| emergency department surveillance as a proxy for the prediction of circulating respiratory viral disease in eastern ontario. | seasonal outbreaks of winter respiratory viruses are responsible for increases in morbidity and mortality in the community. previous studies have used hospitalizations, intensive care unit and emergency department (ed) visits as indicators of seasonal influenza incidence. | 2013 | 24421826 |
| estimating influenza outpatients' and inpatients' incidences from 2009 to 2011 in a tropical urban setting in the philippines. | although the public health significance of influenza in regions with a temperate climate has been widely recognized, information on influenza burden in tropical countries, including the philippines, remains limited. we aimed to estimate influenza incidence rates for both outpatients and inpatients then characterized their demographic features. | 2014 | 24393336 |
| viruses associated with influenza-like-illnesses in papua new guinea, 2010. | influenza-like-illness can be caused by a wide range of respiratory viruses. the etiology of influenza-like-illness in developing countries such as papua new guinea is poorly understood. the etiological agents associated with influenza-like-illness were investigated retrospectively for 300 nasopharyngeal swabs received by the papua new guinea national influenza centre in 2010. real-time pcr/rt-pcr methods were used for the detection of 13 respiratory viruses. patients with influenza-like-illness ... | 2014 | 24136362 |
| comparison of the simplexa flua/b & rsv direct assay and laboratory-developed real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory virus. | the results of the focus simplexa flua/b & rsv direct assay were compared to those of laboratory-developed reverse transcription pcr tests for 498 nasopharyngeal swabs. concordance rates were 96.6% (476/493; κ = 0.91), 97.6% (481/493; κ = 0.47), and 99.2% (488/492; κ = 0.94) for influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus, respectively. | 2013 | 24048529 |
| evaluation of the simplexa flu a/b and rsv test for the rapid detection of influenza viruses. | recently, various molecular systems have been introduced for the detection of influenza viruses. among these, the simplexa flu a/b and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) test can provide results in approximately 2 hr. nasopharyngeal swabs from 241 patients (influenza a, n = 81; influenza b, n = 80; influenza a and influenza b mixed, n = 1; influenza a and rsv a mixed, n = 2; and influenza and rsv negative, n = 77) were analyzed using the simplexa flu a/b and rsv test, a conventional reverse-trans ... | 2013 | 23959434 |
| sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, brazil, 2000-2010. | there are scanty data on the epidemiology of influenza and other respiratory viruses in south america and brazil. the aim of this study was to summarize the data from the brazilian surveillance system of influenza and other respiratory viruses and discuss the patterns of viral circulation. the system is based on detecting cases of influenza-like illness in sentinel sites and weekly collection of five nasopharyngeal secretions samples, which are processed in state public health laboratories for r ... | 2013 | 23287541 |
| viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized and outpatient children in buenos aires, argentina. | to determine and compare the viral frequency, seasonality and clinical-demographic features in 2 groups of children (hospitalized versus outpatients) with acute respiratory infections. | 2013 | 23190781 |